SA Jewellery News (SAJN) • Holiday issue 2024

SA

jewellerynews HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

Shining Lights winners announced

WE LOOK AT

Time to reflect and look ahead

The 2025 international event calendar

The red-hot gems of summer

Eclogite: A diamond-encrusted, ancient seafloor

Red flag indicators

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• Anglo American plc further reduces shareholding in Anglo American Platinum • CIBJO partners with Kering to launch international design award • Christie’s to present jewels as art • WDC’s push for digitisation in the Kimberley Process (KP) makes significant progress

12. LUXURY REDEFINED: SHINING LIGHTS WINNERS ANNOUNCED The winners of the 2024 Shining Light Awards, a jewellery design competition dedicated to empowering the next generation of designers from countries where the company recovers diamonds, have been announced

14. TIME TO REFLECT AND LOOK AHEAD The end of the year is a time to reflect, take stock and plan for the year ahead, says Lorna Lloyd, CEO of the Jewellery Council of SA (JCSA)

16. RED FLAG INDICATORS A sector risk assessment conducted by the Financial Intelligence Centre has highlighted the risks of money-laundering and terrorist financing faced by dealers in precious metals and stones

19. MAKE A DATE The 2025 international event calendar

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CHRISTIE'S IMAGES LTD. 2024

20. FROM SURVIVING TO THRIVING, WITH THE RIGHT SUPPORT Max Lichaba recalls how the support and guidance he received from the JCSA, the Department of Trade & Industry and other industry organisations played a pivotal role in his success

23. BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Investing in upskilling: A key to business success

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

CO N T E N T S

24. THE OSCARS OF WATCHMAKING The 2024 Grand Prix d’Horlogerie de Genève has wrapped up in Switzerland

26. JEWELLERY DESIGN The Barbie x Jenna Clifford collaboration marks a historic moment in both brands’ journeys, with Barbie celebrating its 65th anniversary and Clifford celebrating her 65th birthday this year

28. THE RED-HOT GEMS OF SUMMER Red is associated with the power of fast cars, the passion of crimson roses and the seduction of summer sunsets

31. KP LIFTS RESTRICTIONS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (CAR) In a significant development for the diamond industry, the KP Certification Scheme has officially lifted its trade restrictions on diamonds from the CAR

34. EDUCATIONAL INSERT Eclogite: A diamond-encrusted, ancient seafloor

41. DE BEERS MAKES PROMISING PROGRESS WITH ANGOLA EXPLORATION De Beers CEO Al Cook told delegates at the Angola International Diamond Conference that the group had thus far identified eight “high-potential kimberlite targets” in that country

44. BORN IN AFRICA A comprehensive directory featuring information and contact details of all members of the Jewellery Manufacturing Association of South Africa

Official Journal of the Jewellery Council of South Africa and the Diamond Dealers’ Club of South Africa. www.jewellery.org.za www.ddcsa.co.za

The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the owners, the Jewellery Council of South Africa, the Diamond Dealers’ Club of South Africa, its members, the publisher or its agents. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of its contents, neither the owners, the Jewellery Council of South Africa, the Diamond Dealers’ Club of South Africa, the editor nor the publisher can be held responsible for any omissions or errors; or for any misfortune, injury or damages which may arise therefrom. The same applies to all advertising. SA Jewellery News© 2024. All rights reserved. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publishers. ISSN 1817-5333.

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

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Editor's note

Editor: Adri Viviers Tel: +27 (0)11 883-4627 Cell: 084-261-1805 E-mail: adri@isikhova.co.za Managing Director: Imraan Mahomed E-mail: imraanm@isikhova.co.za Operations Director: Thuli Majola Tel: +27 (0)11 883-4627 E-mail: thuli@isikhova.co.za

THIS YEAR HAS DEFINITELY FLOWN BY. IT feels like only yesterday that I was writing my first editor’s note of the year, in which I shared my hopes and aspirations for our industry for 2024. Now here we are, on the threshold of 2025.

On behalf of the entire SA Jewellery News team, I thank you for reading and engaging with us this past year. I thank everyone who has shared their views, stories and advice with us. SAJN is and will always be a publication “for the industry, by the industry”. I also extend our sincerest

guidance he received from the Jewellery Council of SA, the Department of Trade & Industry and other industry organisations played a pivotal role in his success.

The winners of the 2024 Shining Lights Awards have been announced and we reveal the talented winners from South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Canada in this issue. We also talk to Jenna Clifford about her collaboration with Barbie, marking a historic moment in both brands’ journeys. The iconic doll celebrates its 65th anniversary and Clifford celebrates her 65th

appreciation to our advertisers. Your confidence in us is a testament to the value we aim to provide. Your support enables us to maintain the high standards our readers expect and we look forward to continuing our collaborative efforts to reach and engage with them.

The end of the year is a time to reflect, take stock and plan for the months ahead.

Despite challenging market conditions during 2024, the industry remains optimistic, says Lorna Lloyd, CEO of the Jewellery Council of SA in her message in these pages.

We also share Max Lichaba’s journey in the industry as he recalls how the support and

birthday this year.

The holiday season is when most have a chance to unwind and enjoy the company of loved ones. For retailers, however, this is their busiest period and we wish them an exceptionally prosperous season.

Warm holiday wishes from the entire SAJN team. We wish you all a safe and festive season, filled with peace, joy and prosperity.

Adri Viviers

Advertising Sales: Tel: +27 (0)11 883-4627 Cell: 083-450-6052 Copy Editor: Anne Phillips Design and layout: Joanne Brook E-mail: joanne@isikhova.co.za

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Distribution: Ruth Dlamini

SA Jewellery News is published by: Isikhova Media (Pty) Ltd Website: www.isikhova.co.za

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

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Max Lichaba is the owner and CEO of Lichaba Refinery, Kwa Lichaba, Lichaba Creations and – in partnership with US partners – also the owner of Lichaba Diamond Mine and Orobella SA Jewellery. The Welkom-born entrepreneur recalls how the support and guidance he received from the Jewellery Council of SA (JCSA), the Department of Trade & Industry (DTI) and other industry organisations played a pivotal role in his success. “I’m a living testament of how the establishments and resources we have at our disposal here in South Africa can help one realise one’s dreams,” says Lichaba.

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SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

NEWS

Anglo American plc further reduces shareholding in Anglo American Platinum Further to an announcement released by Anglo American plc and Anglo American Platinum on 26 November 2024, Anglo American SA (Pty) Ltd (“AASA”), a whollyowned subsidiary of Anglo American plc, has disposed of approximately 6,6% beneficial interest in the securities of Anglo American

Platinum, through a second accelerated bookbuild.

Following the disposal, AASA now holds 66,7% of the issued ordinary shares in Anglo American Platinum. The disposal follows AASA’s placement of approximately 5,3% beneficial interest in the securities of the

company in September 2024, after which AASA held 73,3% of the issued ordinary shares in the company.

As required in terms of section 122(3) (a) of the Companies Act, Anglo American Platinum has filed the required notices with the Takeover Regulation Panel.

CIBJO partners with Kering to launch international design award The World Jewellery Confederation (CIBJO) is partnering with the Kering group of luxury brands in the launch of Kering Generation Award X Jewellery. Aiming to support visionary talents whose work demonstrates excellence in sustainable design and practices in jewellery-making, the international contest will be co-ordinated by Poli.Design, a consortium of Politecnico di Milano, Italy’s leading technical university. It will be an expansion of an award first launched by Kering in 2018, dedicated to advancing innovation and sustainability within the jewellery sector.

Under the theme “Second Chance, First

Choice”, the inaugural “Kering Generation Award X Jewellery” will invite students at jewellery design schools and industry start-ups to reimagine waste as a resource by creating jewellery created from discarded materials.

The initiative is intended to challenge the traditional concept of waste by exploring the potential of creative re-use. Participants will be encouraged to design a jewel – whether a single piece or a collection – changing the waste into something valuable. In so doing, they will highlight the power of creativity.

The first edition of the international contest will involve 10 world-renowned

universities and academies which offer courses in jewellery and sustainability, as well as start-ups already active in jewellery.

Each school will have to present at least three projects and the students will be assisted and mentored by local professors to develop the projects that are presented to the jury. The start-ups will present their own innovations.

Four finalists from all the projects submitted – two from the students’ category and two from the start-up category – will be presented to the jury in June next year at the 2025 JCK Show in Las Vegas, USA.

Happy holidays!

Our offices will be closed from 17 December 2024 to 6 January 2025 For any queries, please contact adri@isikhova.co.za or 084 261 1805

NEWS

Christie’s will present Jewels as Art: Magnificent Jewels from a Private Collection, a meticulously curated collection of jewellery as wearable art, featuring extraordinary pieces that capture key elements and craftsmanship spanning centuries. The collection has been carefully curated over the years by a visionary collector with an eye for art and design, who seamlessly integrated these treasures into her lifestyle and personal style. It will be featured as the highlight of the Magnificent Jewels live auction which will take place at Christie’s on 10 December 2024 at the Rockefeller Centre.

“Christie’s is honoured to steward this remarkable collection, exemplifying the art of jewellery-collecting through the discerning eye of an American collector who views jewels as a true form of art. With a judicious and intentional approach, this collection spans iconic designs across centuries and includes one of the most impressive assemblages of Suzanne Belperron jewels ever to come to

auction. Christie’s is proud to offer collectors the chance to acquire these emblematic pieces,” says Claibourne Poindexter, Christie’s Senior Specialist: Jewellery.

At the heart of the collection lies one of the most important assemblages of Suzanne Belperron jewellery, curated by the present owner. Her distinguished eye and deep admiration for Belperron’s signature style and integrity are readily apparent in each of her acquisitions. This remarkable collection includes 15 jewels by Belperron, three of which come from the designer’s personal collection.

Together, these pieces beautifully encapsulate Belperron’s body of work, characterised by a unique sense of colour, imaginative use of materials and bold sculptural designs.

Among the most emblematic lots in the collection is the “Facetté” cuff bracelet (estimate: US$200 000-US$300 000), a testament to Belperron’s skilful use of semi-

CHRISTIE'S IMAGES LTD. 2024

Christie’s to present jewels as art

precious materials such as silver and rock crystal to create striking geometric forms.

This iconic piece was famously owned by celebrated editor Diana Vreeland. Another highlight is the diamond “Tube” bracelet (estimate: US$400 000-US$600 000), showcasing Belperron’s refined elegance.

It is seemingly simple in appearance, yet remarkably complex in execution – a quality deeply admired by the current owner.

WDC’s push for digitisation in the KP makes significant progress Speaking at the conclusion of the 2024 Kimberley Process (KP) Plenary, World Diamond Council (WDC) President Feriel Zerouki commended significant advancements in the KP’s modernisation efforts.

Driven by the WDC’s commitment to improving transparency and traceability in the diamond trade, at this year’s plenary session the UAE showcased its pilot for QR-coded secure digital certificates. This new digital platform, developed by the UAE and offered free of charge, can be adapted to the needs of all KP participants and supports listing multiple countries of mining origin on KP certificates.

Prioritising inclusivity and equitable access for all, this ensures that the KP remains the strongest independent rough diamond certification scheme underpinned

by over 20 years of international expertise and partnership. “Embracing digital KP certificates is a transformative step forward, demonstrating how innovation can enhance the Kimberley Process,” Zerouki told the plenary’s closing session.

She added that expanding the definition of conflict diamonds was not merely a procedural matter, but symbolised the KP’s ability to evolve and meet the expectations of an increasingly conscious global market.

Welcoming the renewed commitment of the KP plenary to delivering on the mandate given by the UN General Assembly to expand the definition of conflict diamonds, Zerouki encouraged unity and compromise to support success. “Consumer demand in natural diamonds sustains livelihoods throughout the

diamond supply chain,” she said.

Notably, and aligned with objectives to ensure that diamonds were an important catalyst for sustainable development, the 2024 plenary approved the readmission of the Central African Republic (CAR) as a full participant, recognising its compliance with the KP’s minimum requirements after an 11year embargo. As the CAR moves from conflict to growth, Zerouki said she looked forward to the next steps in strengthening the framework to support thriving communities.

In closing, she reaffirmed the WDC’s commitment to fostering a responsible, sustainable and equitable diamond industry.

“The KP thrives on unity, transparency and shared responsibility,” she said. “Together, we can inspire trust and drive meaningful change.”

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(Above): First place winner, Otlotleng Moshupa (South Africa).

Luxury Redefined: Shining Lights winners announced The winners of the 2024 Shining Lights Awards, a jewellery design competition dedicated to empowering the next generation of designers from the countries were the company recovers diamonds, was announced on Thursday, 5 December during a gala event held in Sandton, Johannesburg 12

SHINING LIGHTS, A PART OF THE DE BEERS GROUP DESIGNERS Initiative, honours the next generation of jewellery designers from De Beers’ host countries of South Africa, Botswana, Canada and Namibia.

Originally launched in 1995, the Shining Light Awards is part of the De Beers Group Designers Initiative, a youth beneficiation skills development initiative aimed at cultivating world-class jewellery design and manufacturing skills within the De Beers Group’s host countries. The competition runs every two years and is open to jewellery designers aged 18-35 who are in their final year of a jewellery design programme, have already graduated or who have relevant experience in jewellery design.

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A Touch of Helenium Earrings

of Helenium Ring (Right and below): Second place winner, Eve Julia Schneeberger (South Africa).

This year’s design theme, “Luxury Redefined”, invited entrants to present innovative, authentic and inclusive visions of luxury, while celebrating diversity. Each entry included designs for a complete jewellery collection featuring a ring, necklace, earrings, bangles and bracelets. A total of 104 entries were submitted this year, from which 22 finalists representing each country were selected.

“The Shining Lights Awards are a testament to the De Beers Group’s commitment to beneficiation in the countries where we recover diamonds,” says Moses Madondo, CEO of De Beers Group Managed Operations.

“By creating accessible opportunities within the diamond sector, we are actively investing in local talent, with a particular focus on supporting youth in our host countries to

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THE 2024 WINNERS ARE: First Place • Otlotleng Moshupa (South Africa) • Legakwana Leo Makgekgenene

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benefit from the diamond industry. Through the Shining Lights Awards, we provide a platform that not only nurtures and develops emerging designers, but also highlights the value of skills transfer, entrepreneurship and creativity along the diamond value chain. We are truly inspired by the level of talent and innovation showcased by this year’s finalists.”

The Shining Light Awards are a cornerstone of De Beers’ youth beneficiation strategy, designed to create an environment for growth, skills transfer, entrepreneurship, global experiences and mentorship in the jewellery design sector. An international panel of judges representing the four countries, led by CEO of De Beers Jewellers, Céline Assimon, evaluated and selected this year’s winners.

“The Shining Lights Awards provide a platform to spotlight young talent and open doors within the diamond sector and global markets. This year’s theme, Luxury Redefined, inspired a range of creative interpretations with designers exploring sustainability, natural elements and cultural heritage as

(Botswana) • Alisha Ansems (Canada) • Juliana Fransisko (Namibia) Second Place • Eve Julia Schneeberger (South Africa) • Tsholo Cater Mogobye (Botswana) • Elinor Nelson-Hachey (Canada) • Padja Kaitungwa (Namibia) Third Place • Lisa Henn (South Africa) • Tshegofatso Sheba Kenalemang (Botswana) • Samantha Yeung (Canada) • Luka Ndivayele (Namibia)

(Above): The talented South African finalists for this year’s Shining Light Awards..

(Above): Third place winner, Lisa Henn (South Africa).

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

sources of inspiration, reflecting how luxury is shaped and defined by individual lived experience. It was an honour to be part of this year’s competition, and congratulations to our winners and all applicants for their exceptional submissions,” said Assimon.

The 2024 Shining Lights Award prizes are designed to advance each winner’s career by further developing their skills and equipping them with essential tools for success. The prizes include business support, a structured skills development programme and tuition assistance, all aimed at empowering winners to build sustainable careers in the jewellery industry and contribute lasting value to their communities.

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F RO M T H E J C SA’ S O F F I C E

Time to reflect and look ahead The end of the year is a time to reflect, take stock of the year past and plan for the year ahead, says Lorna Lloyd, CEO of the Jewellery Council of SA (JCSA) A BUSY YEAR IS BEHIND US AS WE LOOK forward to new goals and objectives in 2025!

Despite challenging market conditions over the past year, the industry remains optimistic.

Retailers are gearing up for a busy holiday season and we wish them a successful and profitable selling period.

Reminiscing about the important projects and events that have taken place over the past year, we want to share some of our accomplishments.

In July, members elected a new board, including Chairperson Johan Bezuidenhout and Vice-Chairperson Grant Crosse. We look forward to working with them in shaping the council during their three-year term.

As legislative changes are in the pipeline that will affect our industry, our continued existence is crucial for the role we will be required to play. A restructuring process was initiated to expand the council’s scope, allowing for the inclusion of a wider range of companies in its membership.

As part of this expansion, a Refiners Division has been established, joining the existing divisions that represent manufacturers, wholesalers and importers, retailers and services.

The council has partnered with “the alternative board” to guide the development of its strategic direction and enhance its financial stability. That board’s expertise will help in crafting strategies to attract and engage members more effectively, explore alternative revenue streams, support goal-setting and improve overall operations.

We worked with the USAID African Trade and Investment SA Buy-In Activity to facilitate opportunities to learn about tools, initiatives and activities which would help us take advantage of the US market. We will continue doing so to

An important start to the year was communicating to members our objective of the Jewellery Council’s need to become more financially viable, increase its resources and become more sustainable.

help create export markets for jewellers.

A group of the council’s industry experts formulated guidelines for recommended trade practices for laboratory-grown diamonds. The aim of that is to promote consumer confidence

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by ensuring that consumers receive complete and unambiguous information about what they are buying and to ensure that the jewellery industry’s reputation is safeguarded. The published document was circulated to industry and government institutions.

The legislative requirements that affect the jewellery industry will be onerous if they are not nipped in the bud from the outset.

In this regard, the Financial Intelligence Centre Act (has been a particularly challenging piece of legislation and the council has made every effort to help members comply by drafting guidelines and offering opportunities for training and webinars to educate them.

We offered to assist SARS in several key areas, including involvement in upcoming legislative changes or new legislation affecting our industry. We aim to ensure that our members’ voices and concerns are represented and considered during the legislative process.

SARS has agreed to meet with the council bi-annually to address issues pertinent to our members in order to ensure ongoing dialogue and collaboration.

At a recent meeting with the SA Diamonds and Precious Metals Regulator (SADPMR), the council was informed that the revision of the Precious Metals Act has been placed on the back-burner. The Mining Charter will not be revised due to the court case ruling. However,

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

F RO M T H E J C SA’ S O F F I C E

the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act is in the pipeline to be reviewed in 2025.

The SADPMR is in the process of developing a platform to submit online reports. This will be launched during its new financial year. At our request, it will also be preparing welcome packs for members regarding guidance of applications and renewals of permits and licences.

The council and the SADPMR have agreed to collaborate to strengthen our partnership and address companies operating outside the law. Our primary objective is to educate members in compliance and ensure that they adhere to the council’s Code of Ethics and Conduct.

Over the past year, the council negotiated free hotel accommodation with the organisers of the Hong Kong and Bangkok shows for SA buyers. Given international exchange rates, this offer was well received.

We facilitated sponsorship from the Department of Trade, Industry & Competition (DTIC) for 10 companies to exhibit at New York Now in August and another 10 companies at JA New York in October. This opportunity will open doors to create export markets for SA companies.

Jewellex Africa 2024 was hosted in September at the Wanderers Club and its success exceeded our expectations. In addition to the two venues on the ground level, all the space in the three venues on the first level was sold out.

The DTIC sponsored 10 SMMEs to exhibit on a pavilion at the event. Cape Precious Metals sponsored the Tshwane University of Technology stand, while the JCSA sponsored

Despite challenging market conditions over the past year, the industry remains optimistic. Retailers are gearing up for a busy holiday season and we wish them a successful and profitable selling period.

the University of Johannesburg stand. The Rand Refinery hosted 120 guests at the Jewellex Business Breakfast on the first morning of the show.

We are grateful to our additional sponsors, who include the SADPMR for carrier bags, Brinks for lanyards, Osprey Underwriting Managers for hosting a drinks and snacks event, as well as pen giveaways, and Cape Precious Metals for the registration.

The Executive Committee of the council will be meeting early in the new year in Cape Town to discuss strategies and some exciting projects we are planning. These will be communicated to members in due course.

A full JCSA annual report will be published in mid-January 2025.

Enquiries about the council, its activities, and how to become part of a responsible jewellery community can be made by visiting our website at: www.jewellery.org.za.

Alternatively, call us on (011) 484-5528 or e-mail us at: admin@jewellery.org.za.

Lorna Lloyd CEO

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R E D F L AG I N D I C ATO R S

Precious metals and stones: money laundering and terrorist financing threats A sector risk assessment conducted by the Financial Intelligence Centre (FIC) has highlighted the risks of money-laundering and terrorist financing faced by dealers in precious metals and stones (DPMS)

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SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

R E D F L AG I N D I C ATO R S

DEALERS IN PRECIOUS METALS AND STONES, in so far as they trade in any item to the value of R100 000 or more, are included in the FIC Act definition of high-value goods dealers. They are listed as item 20 accountable institutions in Schedule 1 to the Financial Intelligence Centre Act (FIC Act). This category of high-value goods dealers also includes numismatic coin dealers.

As gatekeepers of the financial system, accountable institutions play a vital role in combating money laundering and terrorist financing. By conducting a business risk assessment and applying a risk-based approach, dealers in precious metals and stones can develop a good understanding of the risk they face from a money laundering and terrorist financing perspective.

In the sector risk assessment issued in December 2023, the FIC highlighted the factors dealers in precious metals and stones must consider when transacting with their customers. These include that: • Gold, diamonds, platinum, emeralds, tanzanite and/or rubies are often abused as vehicles to launder illicit funds. Criminals may target these lucrative products in the precious metals industry to launder their illicit funds.

• Anonymity makes precious metals and stones highly attractive to potential money launderers, as it is difficult to track the origin and verify ownership of the commodities.

• Precious metals and stones are small, high-value goods that are easy to move between different areas, across borders and change their shape and form.

The FIC provides regulatory guidance through public compliance communication (PCC) 58, outlining the threats, vulnerabilities and obligations of high-value goods dealers such as identifying and reporting suspicious transactions. PCC 58 also draws attention to section 28 of the FIC Act which requires accountable institutions to report transactions involving cash amounts exceeding R49 999.99.

This is particularly relevant in jewellery, precious metals and stone purchases where such goods are likely to be purchased in cash.

Section 29 prescribes the obligation to report suspicious and unusual transactions and activity from an ML and TF perspective. A suspicious transaction could be any transaction that appears to have no lawful economic purpose or is inconsistent with the dealer's knowledge of the client or the business

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

relationship. Examples include: • Unusually large purchases made in cash • Transactions involving prospective clients who provide insufficient identification or are evasive when asked to provide their identification and verification documents when conducting customer due diligence.

• Frequent purchases of high-value items by a single client without a clear reason.

Section 28A of the FIC Act also requires accountable institutions to report persons who are included in the TFS list issued by the UN Security Council resolutions. PCC 44A and Guidance Note 6A provides guidance to accountable institutions on how to scrutinise and report designated persons and entities effectively. The guidance emphasises the importance of screening client information against the TFS list.

Dealers in precious metals and stones are urged to implement robust internal controls and training programmes to ensure staff can conduct TFS searches using the FIC website (www.fic.co.za ), recognise red flags and

promptly report suspicious activity to the FIC, detailing the nature of the suspicion and the particulars of the transaction.

Compliance with the FIC Act and Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Control (MLTFC) regulations by dealers in precious metals and stones is crucial, not only for legal adherence but also for maintaining the integrity of their business. Failure to report suspicious transactions or adhere to cash reporting thresholds can lead to severe penalties and damage to the dealer’s business reputation.

Moreover, fostering a culture of compliance can enhance customer trust and safeguard the business from being exploited by criminal elements. By implementing effective reporting practices, dealers in precious metals and stones including jewellery dealers contribute to the broader fight against money laundering and terrorist financing related crimes, ensuring their sector remains legitimate and reputable.

It is important that the industry professions play their role by monitoring transactions, detecting inconsistencies, reporting suspicious behaviour and apply business practices that assist in protecting the financial system from money launderers.

For more information and guidance offered to accountable institutions, refer to the FIC website (www.fic.gov.za). Alternatively, contact the FIC’s compliance contact centre on +27 12 641 6000 or log an online compliance query on the FIC website.

By implementing effective reporting practices, dealers in precious metals and stones including jewellery dealers contribute to the broader fight against money laundering and terrorist financing related crimes, ensuring their sector remains legitimate and reputable.

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Wishing our readers a safe and happy

SEAS N

M A K E A DAT E

International event calendar 2025 4-6 JANUARY 2025 India International Jewellery Show (IIJS) Signature As the first design-centric jewellery show of the calendar year 2025, IIJS Signature sets the benchmark for industry trade exhibitions

5-8 JANUARY 2025 India International Jewellery Show (IIJS) Signature IIJS Signature 2025 will be held in two venues Bombay Exhibition Centre Mumbai, India

18-20 JANUARY 2025 Bijorhca The international fine and fashion jewellery, watches and technical industries show Professional visitors only

1-16 FEBRUARY 2025 Tucson Gem & Jewellery Show Exhibition for gemstones and jewellery Professional visitors only

Paris Expo Porte de Versailles Paris, France

Tucson Expo Centre, Tucson, Arizona, USA

4-8 MARCH 2025 Hong Kong International Jewellery Show In 2025, the fair will be held physically from 4-8 March and online from 23 February to 13 March

1-7 APRIL 2025 Watches & Wonders Geneva The most prestigious event of the year for the horology industry Professional visitors only

Jio World Convention Centre, Mumbai, India

21-24 FEBRUARY 2025 Inhorgenta Munich International fair for jewellery, timepieces and lifestyle Professional visitors only Messe München, Munich, Germany

22-26 FEBRUARY 2025 Bangkok Gems & Jewellery Fair International trade fair for gemstones and jewellery Professional visitors and general public IMPACT Exhibition Centre Nonthaburi, Thailand

17-21 APRIL 2025 China International Jewellery Show International jewellery fair Professional visitors only

28 MAY-1 JUNE 2025 Watch & Jewellery Middle East Watch and jewellery exhibition Professional visitors and general public

China International Exhibition Centre, Beijing, China

Expo Centre Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE

17-20 JULY 2025 SIJE Singapore International Jewellery Expo International jewellery exhibition Professional visitors and general public

2-6 SEPTEMBER 2025 Hong Kong Watch & Clock Fair Timepieces trade fair Professional visitors only

Sands Expo & Convention Centre, Singapore

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

Hong Kong Convention & Exhibition Centre Hong Kong

Halles de Palexpo, Geneva, Switzerland

Hong Kong Convention & Exhibition Centre, Hong Kong

4-7 JUNE 2025 JOGS Las Vegas Gem & Jewellery Trade Show Exhibition for gemstones and jewellery Professional visitors only

6-9 JUNE 2025 JCK Las Vegas Exhibition of jewellery Professional visitors only Venetian Resort Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

The Mirage, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

6-8 SEPTEMBER 2025 Midora Order and information fair for the watch and jewellery industry Professional visitors only Messe Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

11-13 NOVEMBER 2025 JGT Dubai Jewellery Show JGT stands for "jewellery, gem and technology" and is a premier trade show for the industry of gemstones, jewellery and related technology Dubai Exhibition Centre, Dubai, UAE

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COV E R F E AT U R E

“I’M A LIVING TESTAMENT OF HOW THE establishments and resources we have at our disposal here in South Africa can help one realise one’s dreams,” says Lichaba. “Through the JCSA and the DTI, I’ve been exhibiting overseas at various international shows for 15 years.

“I still recall my first international exhibition. I didn’t have the financial means to exhibit there on my own account: I wouldn’t have been able to even afford the plane ticket. However, the JCSA and the DTI make it possible for emerging jewellers to attend such events. Lorna Lloyd, the JCSA CEO, accompanies us on these exhibitions and the guidance she offers is invaluable. She was the one who introduced me to my current business partner, who lives in the USA. Through this partnership, I’m able to export most of the jewellery we manufacture locally to the USA and other countries.

“The talent we have in SA is remarkable,” he says. “I can’t encourage jewellers enough, especially young ones entering the industry, to become members of the JCSA and to grab the opportunities presented by it with both hands. I encourage diamond and gold dealers to do so as well, because I also own a diamond mine. These organisations make business breakthroughs possible, so use them.”

Lichaba was born in the small town of Saaiplaas in Virginia, Welkom. By the time he was 16, he was helping his mother sell fruit and vegetables on the roadside stall. The family’s financial situation was very difficult and they were forced to live in a garage belonging to a friend, as they could not afford to buy or rent a house. There was also no money to send Lichaba to a general school, so he attended one in Virginia for children with special needs, as it was free and nearby. The curriculum there involved working a lot with one’s hands, which he discovered he was very good at doing. However, the special-needs school only offered education up to Grade 10, so he was unable to matriculate. By the time he left the school in the late 1990s, he says, his mathematical and language skills were not what they could have been.

Fortunately, another opportunity presented itself. Patrice Motsepe’s Harmony Gold owned the mines in his area and had developed the Harmony Gold Jewellery School to upskill people from the local community. Lichaba was dissatisfied with his Grade 10 qualification and was not keen to become a miner, like

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From surviving to thriving, with the right support Max Lichaba is the owner and CEO of Lichaba Refinery, Kwa Lichaba, Lichaba Creations and – in partnership with US partners – also the owner of Lichaba Diamond Mine and Orobella SA Jewellery. The Welkom-born entrepreneur recalls how the support and guidance he received from the Jewellery Council of SA (JCSA), the Department of Trade & Industry (DTI) and other industry organisations played a pivotal role in his success SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

COV E R F E AT U R E

many other young men in his community. So he decided to maximise his manual skills and enrolled in the jewellery school.

What he learnt there made him aware that he could create beautiful things and sell them. This prompted him to imagine launching his own small business. When he was close to completing the course, Regal Manufacturing came to the school and asked for two of its best students. Lichaba was selected as one of them.

Regal Manufacturing made jewellery and exported beyond SA’s borders. With over 3 000 employees (most of them women), it was the primary employer in the community.

After nine months there, Lichaba was able to put a down payment on his first car and move into his own apartment.

One day, he arrived at his workplace to closed gates. Without any warning, Regal Manufacturing had closed down. It gave its employees letters promising to pay their salaries “by the weekend” and – just like that – it was liquidated. Everyone was shocked.

The women around him, who were the breadwinners in their households, wept in shock and anger. “I was luckier than they were – I had no dependants to feed and I could

I can’t encourage jewellers enough to become members of the JCSA and to grab the opportunities presented by it with both hands.

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

find another job, but what would happen to them?” he recalls.

Venturing out Although he could not save everyone, there were four grandmothers he knew in the community. He proposed to them that they start doing something to generate money.

They met at his house the following day and put their heads together. They thought of buying the machine they had used at Regal Manufacturing to start their own jewellerymaking venture, but the machine cost R50 000-R100 000 – and they did not even have R5 000 between them.

They then decided that the only things they could afford were beads. They pooled their resources, which amounted to R1 000, bought

a stash of beads and began working with them in Lichaba’s flat. They then approached members of church choirs, offering to make each one a unique set of beads that they could wear during competitions.

SME support programmes After spending 18 months focusing on beads, Lichaba began exploring growth opportunities. This search was hamstrung by the fact that he and the women were living from hand to mouth and using any money coming in to buy more beads, leaving them very little for expansion or buying equipment.

So Lichaba started researching SME support programmes and came upon SAB’s Kickstarter competition. He and the women entered – and won R20 000 in their region. This enabled them to buy small machines.

The new equipment enabled them to take advantage of their next opportunity: a programme run by the Free State Department of Tourism and the same province’s DTI, which helped local manufacturers market their products overseas. Lichaba and his group completed the programme in six months and were then pronounced ready to export.

The choir member market had grown exponentially, so the group used the profits from it to manufacture items for marketing abroad. The first country to which they

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COV E R F E AT U R E

exported was Kenya (Nairobi), followed by the UK (London). Their products were enthusiastically received.

From artisan to teacher Yet, despite the success in the jewellery business, Lichaba was looking for more. He duly found another opportunity. It dawned on him that he could open a school, similar to the one Harmony Gold had run, and give youngsters the same training he had had.

After obtaining the necessary NQF accreditations, he set up the school at a cost of R900 000.

However, harsh reality soon struck. He had taken his eyes off Lichaba Creations, which had just moved into bigger premises to handle increased international orders. The business was effectively carrying the school financially – and, as a result, was unable to pay its own rent. Two months later, the women’s group was evicted, despite Lichaba’s pleas for more time.

Lichaba auctioned all the group’s machines off in Johannesburg, but – at a cost of just R300 each – this still left him with a debt of about R30 000, which he could not pay. He says that this was one of the lowest points in his life.

Then, fortuitously, hope appeared in the form of his brothers, who offered to help him. Each of them took a R3 000 loan to help Lichaba pay his employees and settle the outstanding rent on his former premises.

True grit Having licked his wounds, his enterprising spirit kicked back into gear and he reached out to his former special-needs school in Virginia,

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asking whether he could teach there. The school agreed. For six months, he taught and saved every cent he could. He sold most of his furniture and slept on a mattress on the floor. Once he had accumulated enough cash, he began searching for the equipment which had been auctioned off. He knew that these were specialised machines which few people would know how to use, so he succeeded in locating most of them and, piece by piece, he eventually redeemed them all.

After eight months of this punishing regime, Lichaba was able to get back up and running again, though on a very small scale. He worked from his flat, exporting to India and the UK.

Intensely focused on his business, he was determined never to lose control of it again.

However, despite his success at exporting items abroad, he was initially unable to find retail stores in South Africa which were willing to take his items. Finally, luck came his way and he was able to launch two new stores – one in Welkom and the other in Orange Grove, Johannesburg. The profits he made from his overseas clients went into these stores for three years.

Lichaba is philosophical about his extraordinary resilience in the face of adversity. He says that it has sustained him when he has been close to giving up and that it has given him strength, faith and the courage to persevere.

The rest, as they say, is history.

Today, he looks back at his long, difficult journey with gratitude. Because of the success he has in the jewellery sector he was also able to branch out into other endeavours. He is the owner of a company and several properties in Dubai as well as the owner of Olive Boutique and Accommodation, a boutique hotel in Sandton. He has also partnered with American partners to form Orobella SA Jewellery, which is situated at the OR Tambo SEZ Precint, where they manufacture gold chains for the US market.

Lichaba Creations’ vision is to become a leading brand in jewellery designing, manufacturing, retail and training and to establish retail stores which cater for both the middle and high-end market. It aims to grow its export sales year on year through local and international exhibitions and to produce for other jewellery retail stores nationwide.

Lichaba's story is an inspiring example of compassion for others, steely resolve and fortitude in the face of seemingly impossible odds. It is one which has much to teach us about entrepreneurship, ingenuity and compassion for others.

B U S I N E S S M A N AG E M E N T

Investing in upskilling: A key to business success Commitment to upskilling is not just about meeting business objectives – it is also about adopting a peoplecentric strategy which ensures that all employees feel valued and empowered to embrace new skills and knowledge confidently IN TODAY’S FAST-PACED BUSINESS WORLD, investing in upskilling staff is essential.

Companies are recognising the benefits of building a diverse, highly skilled workforce who not only meet regulatory standards, but also drive business success and national development.

“Upskilling our workforce is a core part of what makes a forward-thinking organisation,” says Bruce McMurray, General Manager of Jockey SA. “Employment equity requires us to reflect on our nation’s diversity, promoting inclusivity and equal opportunities.”

Skills transfer through training programmes Industries like garment manufacturing highlight the need to address historical inequalities.

Robust training programmes empower employees, while enhancing their skills and

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

career growth. “By investing in our employees’ skills and knowledge, we foster a culture of inclusivity and growth,” says McMurray.

Embracing diversity and inclusion benefits both businesses and society. “A diverse workforce enhances innovation, creativity and the ability to serve a varied customer base,” he explains.

Upskilling drives personal and professional growth, innovation and exceptional quality

in design, manufacturing and delivery.

“Upskilling boosts staff self-confidence and retention rates. Evidence of this is how many of our staff have stayed with our company for decades,” says McMurray.

Jockey SA offers several training programmes, including a Learnership (18 months), a Skills Programme (12 months), Organisation Development International (ODI) (18 months), Adult Education Training (AET) (12 months), an Emerging Leadership Development Programme (ELDP) (12 months), a Team Leader Development Programme (TLDP) (six months) and New Venture Creation (12 months). These programmes cater to various needs, from theoretical knowledge to practical skills and leadership development. Partnerships with organisations such as Optimi Workplace and ZA Gear ensure high standards and adaptability.

Empowering the future Prioritising continuous learning and development unlocks the full potential of the workforce, driving innovation and excellence.

Adopting a people-centric strategy at all levels of business ensures that every employee feels valued and empowered to contribute their best.

“We encourage a continuous learning environment to keep our workforce agile and innovative,” says McMurray. “This commitment benefits individual employees and elevates the entire organisation. We encourage other businesses to embrace upskilling as well, in order to help create a brighter, more equitable future in SA.”

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R E M AR K A B L E WATC H E S

The 2024 Grand Prix d’Horlogerie de Genève (GPHG) – the watch industry’s top awards show, where the best and brightest watchmakers in the world are showcased – has wrapped up in Switzerland

THE 980-STRONG GPHG ACADEMY nominated 90 of the 273 timepieces entered in this year’s competition by 146 brands. Divided into 15 categories, these watches were in the running to win one of the 20 prizes awarded to the year’s finest watchmaking creations, including the prestigious “Aiguille d’Or” Grand Prix.

The 2024 winners were announced on 13 November at the 24th GPHG awards ceremony, which was held at the Théâtre du Léman in Geneva and broadcast live on gphg.org and by media partners.

The prize-winners will take part in a travelling exhibition, offering a unique panorama of contemporary watchmaking art. Organised in collaboration with local

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The Oscars of watchmaking partners, these exhibitions contribute to promoting watchmaking culture around the world and are accompanied by talks, debates, workshops and other public and private events.

Although the Grand Prix d’Horlogerie de Genève awards ceremony is often criticised because not all the big names in watchmaking participate, the 2024 edition saw Richemont, one of the world’s most powerful groups, scooping more of the top honours than any other company – including the most prestigious gold medal, the

Aiguille d’Or, which was won by IWC for its Portugieser Eternal Calendar.

Created in 2020, the academy comprises several hundred members, significant stakeholders in the main sectors of the watchmaking industry, divided into colleges and forming a vast worldwide network of ambassadors. Academy members take part in the various stages of the timepiece selection process, proposing models for the competition every spring, before short-listing nominations among the timepieces entered in the competition by the brands in the summer. The members then take part in the final vote to establish the prize list alongside the jury.

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

R E M AR K A B L E WATC H E S

The winners of the 2024 Grand Prix d’Horlogerie de Genève Awards are: • Aiguille d’Or Grand Prix Winner: IWC Schaffhausen – Portugieser Eternal Calendar IWC was the big winner of the night with this timepiece.

• Audacity Winner: Berneron – Mirage Sienna Since the brand, along with this creation, was announced last October, the watch world has become filled with Bernie Bros.

• Revelation Winner: Rémy Cools – Tourbillon Atelier • Special Jury Prize Winner: Jean-Pierre Hagmann • Sports Watch Winner: Ming – 37.09 Bluefin • Tourbillon Winner: Daniel Roth – Tourbillon Souscription • Calendar and Astronomy Winner: Laurent Ferrier – Classic Moon Silver • Men’s Watch Winner: Voutilainen – KV20i Reversed

Organised in collaboration with local partners, these exhibitions contribute to promoting watchmaking culture around the world and are accompanied by talks, debates, workshops and other public and private events.

In total, the GPHG awarded 20 prizes. The following awards were also won: • • • • • • • • • • • • •

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

Challenge Watch Prize: Otsuka Lotec – No 6 Eco-Innovation Prize: Chopard – LUC Qualité Fleurier Chronometry Prize: Bernhard Lederer – 3 Times Certified Observatory Chronometer Iconic Watch Prize: Piaget – Piaget Polo 79 Mechanical Exception Watch Prize: Bovet 1822 – Récital 28 Prowess 1 Chronograph Watch Prize: Massena Lab – Chronograph Monopoussoir Sylvain Pinaud x Massena Lab Men’s Complication Watch Prize: De Bethune – DB Kind of Grande Complication Time Only Watch Prize: H Moser & Cie – Streamliner Small Seconds Blue Enamel Jewellery Watch Prize: Chopard – Laguna High-Jewellery Secret Watch Artistic Crafts Watch Prize: Van Cleef & Arpels – Lady Arpels Jour Enchanté Ladies’ Complication Watch Prize: Van Cleef & Arpels – Lady Arpels Brise d’Été Ladies’ Watch Prize: Van Cleef & Arpels – Lady Jour Nuit “Petite Aiguille” Watch Prize: Kudoke – 3 Salmon

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J E W E L L E RY D E S I G N

Barbie and Jenna Clifford collaboration celebrates 65 years of legacy Barbie and Jenna Clifford have launched a bespoke jewellery range which will serve as a testament to their resilience. The Barbie x Jenna Clifford collaboration marks a historic moment in both brands’ journeys, with Barbie celebrating its 65th anniversary and Clifford celebrating her 65th birthday this year THIS PARTNERSHIP MERGES BARBIE DOLLS’ global legacy of inclusion and empowerment, with Clifford’s enduring dedication to bold, bespoke jewellery design, celebrating authentic expression through a limited range of locally master-crafted jewellery.

The Barbie x Jenna Clifford collection goes beyond luxury, as the pieces are designed to be worn and cherished, becoming keepsakes as they are appreciated and passed down through

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generations. More than just diamonds, these designs reimagine a symbol of aspiration into a source of inspiration. Inspired by Barbie, the original girl empowerment brand, each piece encourages women to pursue their fullest potential and turn dreams into reality, reminding us that true beauty is found not only in jewellery, but in the meaningful narratives they carry across generations.

Along with her two youngest daughters, Chanelle and Summer, Clifford has designed this collection to reflect the core values of empowerment, individuality and to inspire people to dream bigger than ever before.

She encourages her daughters to walk in her footsteps and create pieces that challenge the narrative, transcend trends and tell meaningful stories which positively impact many lives.

Chanelle and Summer play a pivotal role in leading the design and creative process under their mother’s guidance. Their modern influences and Clifford’s timeless vision merged in a way that honours both past and future, co-creating an extraordinary collection.

This collaboration reflects a significant milestone in this female-led, family-owned business, with every piece capturing the bond between generations and highlighting the artistry and craftsmanship that define the Jenna Clifford brand.

Each of the bespoke pieces in this collection is one of only a few that will ever be made, making each item a unique addition to anyone’s personal jewellery collection. These creations embody playful imagination by day and timeless elegance by night. Drawing inspiration from Clifford’s signature carré diamond setting, as well as the experiences she has gathered over the past 65 years, the collection is a reflection of her personal story of resilience, the power of her own dreams and the legacy she is shaping through her daughters. Blending bold artistry with classic design, the collection is distinctly Jenna Clifford – signature in style, yet effortlessly versatile. Produced in limited quantities, each piece in this collection is crafted from carefully chosen, responsibly sourced materials. Clifford is committed to ethical sourcing, focusing on sustainable and environmentally conscious practices. These custom-made pieces inspire a sense of nostalgia, while remaining sophisticated and timeless.

Designed and made in South Africa, the collection not only celebrates the talent of local artisans, but symbolises the emergence of a second generation of design, embodying the rich Clifford family legacy which has flourished for over three decades. “It’s a heartfelt celebration of family, creativity and the dreams that connect generations. From initial sketches to the final detailing, each step of the process

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

J E W E L L E RY D E S I G N

reflects a commitment to quality, innovation and timeless beauty,” says the brand.

Following an exclusive preview at Clifford’s private design studio in Morningside, Johannesburg, the pieces will be available for purchase as made-to-order items, both online and at her three design studios, giving fans and collectors the opportunity to own a piece of this celebrated partnership.

Established in SA in 1992, Jenna Clifford is a family-owned jewellery design company celebrated for its expertise in bespoke commissioned designs and remodelling.

“Our world is one where artistry, elegance and passion converge to create timeless masterpieces that tell each client’s unique story. We believe that jewellery is far more than an accessory; it’s a deeply personal expression of identity and aspiration. Every piece we create is thoughtfully crafted to reflect the distinct personality of its wearer, embodying boldness, classic design and local craftsmanship,” says the brand.

Today, that brand has grown to include not only jewellery, but also a homeware collection that reflects her commitment to elegance, artistic design and family. “Through our bespoke services, clients are invited to collaborate closely with our master artisans to bring their vision to life, ensuring that each detail resonates with meaning and symbolism,” says Clifford.

Jenna Clifford pieces are crafted exclusively by highly trained local artisans, demonstrating the brand’s dedication to South African artistry and signature craftsmanship.

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

Along with her two youngest daughters, Chanelle and Summer, Clifford has designed this collection to reflect the core values of empowerment and individuality. She encourages her daughters to walk in her footsteps and create pieces that challenge the narrative, transcend trends and tell meaningful stories which positively impact many lives.

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CO LO U R E D G E M S TO N E S

Regal red gems In early cultures, ruby was revered for its similarity in colour to blood, the source of life.

Deep red, sometimes with a hint of purple (called “pigeon’s blood” in the trade) is the most sought-after shade for rubies. No coloured gemstone has been more treasured by kings, queens, rulers, moguls and the upper classes than ruby. Even today, fine rubies remain an indulgence of the few.

What draws us to ruby?

Does it have a mysterious quality or power, as believed by early civilisations? The scientific explanation for ruby’s subtle attraction lies in its high chromium and low iron content, which creates its red colour. The chromium also causes the gem to fluoresce when viewed in ultraviolet light.

In natural light, the fluorescence of highquality rubies creates an almost mesmerising, subconscious glow, reminiscent of heat haze on a desert highway.

Red spinel, cherished by kings and emperors, also has a long and glorious history.

Many famous “rubies” were actually red spinels, illustrating how very similar these gems can be in appearance. Spinels mined from 1000-1900 CE in what is now known as Afghanistan accounted for many of the red gemstones in jewellery of that era. They were called “Balas rubies”, derived from the Arabic

No colour evokes more energy, action, emotion and excitement than red. It is associated with the power of fast cars, the passion of crimson roses and the seduction of summer sunsets

The red-hot gems of summer “balakhsh”, for the Badhakhshan region in Afghanistan, where the gem was found. The quality of natural spinel has gained notice and appreciation in recent years, so its presence and value in the market have also increased.

Red garnet necklaces adorned Egypt’s pharaohs thousands of years ago and were entombed with them as prized possessions to be used in the afterlife. Ancient Roman signet rings with carved garnets were used to stamp the wax that secured important documents. Clergy and nobility in the Middle Ages (475-1450 CE) also favoured red garnet. The availability of this red gem increased with the discovery

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of deposits in central Europe in around 1500 CE. Producing what were known as “Bohemian garnets”, this source became the nucleus of a regional jewellery industry that reached its peak in the late 1800s.

Rubellite and pink tourmaline were favourite gems of the Chinese Dowager Empress Tz’u Hsi in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The majority of pink to red tourmaline from the famed tourmaline mines of the USA’s San Diego County (Tourmaline Queen, Tourmaline King, Stewart, Pala Chief and Himalaya) during that period was shipped to China. Much of

the material was carved into snuff bottles and other objets d’art, but the finest-quality stones were set in jewellery.

Hot red gems The hot, dry, high desert of eastern Oregon is home to Ponderosa, Dust Devil and Sunstone Butte mines – the primary sources of sunstone.

According to Native American legend, the blood of a great warrior – wounded by an arrow – had dropped onto pieces of Oregon sunstone. The blood carried his warrior spirit into the stones, colouring them with shades of red and giving them sacred power. The Oregon mines produce enough material to supply mass marketers, as well as carvers and high-end jewellery designers.

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

CO LO U R E D G E M S TO N E S

In early cultures, ruby was revered for its similarity in colour to blood, the source of life.

Deep red, sometimes with a hint of purple (called ‘pigeon’s blood’ in the trade) is the most sought-after shade for rubies.

Sunstone often exhibits aventurescence, a sparkly, metallic-looking lustre caused by flat, reflective inclusions, sometimes called “schiller” by sunstone fanciers. Sunstone can be a variety of either microcline or oligoclase feldspar with an orange/brown background colour. The colour in Oregon sunstones comes from copper platelets that give it flash and sparkle.

Fire opal is a transparent to translucent opal with a background colour which has smouldering hues of yellow to orange to red (some colourless fire opal is also found).

Mexico is the primary source of fire opal and material found there generally exhibits a strong play of colour. However, on rare occasions, there is no play of colour. Smaller amounts of fire opal are produced in Australia, Brazil, Ethiopia, Honduras, Guatemala, Nevada and Oregon.

Rare red gems Sweet Home Mine in Alma, Colorado, which was discovered in 1873 for its silver, produced the world’s finest rhodochrosite. The mine closed in 1967 after moderate success, but reopened from 1991-2005, during which it produced an estimated US$100 million in rhodochrosite specimens. These gems are housed in several prominent mineral museums and private collections around the world. The largest known rhodochrosite crystal, the Alma King, is on display in the Denver Museum of Nature & Science and the Alma Queen is displayed in the Houston Museum of Natural Science.

Red beryl, also known as bixbite, is a North American gemstone found only in the Wah Wah Mountains of central western Utah. Most cut specimens are less than 1ct. Since it is no longer mined, it has become rare, historical material.

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

Rhodonite is found in the sultry region of Minas Gerais in Brazil, as well as Australia, Peru, Russia and the USA. Transparent rhodonite crystals are rare and seldom larger than 1 g, but their hardness makes them excellent cut gemstones. The name “rhodonite” is derived from the Greek “rhodon”, meaning “rose”.

Taaffeite (pronounced “tarfite”) is named after Richard Taaffe, who found the gem in 1945 in a jewellery shop in Dublin, Ireland. It is the only gemstone to have been identified from a cut and polished specimen. Prior to Taaffe’s discovery, most pieces were misidentified as spinels due to their similar crystal form. It is one of the rarest gemstone minerals in the world.

The Moussaieff Red, originally named the Red Shield, is the ultimate in collectible red gemstones. It is an internally flawless, breathtaking 5,11ct Fancy red natural colour diamond. Discovered in the 1990s by a farmer in Brazil and cut from a 13,90ct rough by the William Goldberg Diamond Corporation, the rare red diamond was displayed in 2003 as part of the Smithsonian Institute’s The Splendour of Diamonds exhibit.

– Information courtesy of the Gemological Institute of America (GIA)

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SPRING / SUMMER B I - A N N UA L DI R E C TORY 2 0 2 4

OUT NOW

DIAMONDS

Kimberley Process lifts restrictions in Central African Republic The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) has officially lifted its trade restrictions on diamonds from the Central African Republic (CAR). This move marks the end of an 11-year embargo that restricted the country’s ability to export diamonds, a key natural resource which can drive much-needed economic recovery and infrastructure development there THE KIMBERLEY PROCESS IS A GLOBAL certification mechanism designed to prevent the trade of conflict diamonds – rough stones used by rebel groups to finance armed conflict against legitimate governments. The CAR was fully suspended from the KPCS in 2013 due to its ongoing political instability and security challenges. However, following a review mission led by SA, which took place from 9-15 September 2024, the KPCS has made the historic decision to lift all restrictions on the CAR’s diamond trade, contingent upon enhanced monitoring and compliance measures by the scheme in 2025.

This decision signifies a remarkable turning point for the CAR, which has worked diligently over the past few years to stabilise its political environment and improve its security situation.

The lifting of restrictions allows the country to resume its diamond exports, providing a pathway to greater economic empowerment, poverty alleviation and infrastructure development for its people, particularly those affected by years of civil conflict.

As the CAR embarks on this new chapter, it aims to harness the revenue from its vast diamond deposits to rebuild its economy and improve living conditions for its citizens.

The revenue from diamonds is expected to strengthen the country’s capacity and fund

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

national development programmes.

“The lifting of the diamond trade restrictions on the CAR represents a significant step towards the country’s rebuilding process,” says Nosi Mzamo, CEO of the State Diamond Trader. “It not only opens up opportunities for the CAR’s economic growth through diamond revenue, but reaffirms the commitment of the international community to maintaining transparency and accountability in the diamond trade. This is a victory for ethical trade practices and a step forward for the CAR’s people, who have suffered for far too long.”

The African Diamond Producer Association (ADPA) has also expressed full support for the CAR’s reintegration into the Kimberley Process, pledging technical assistance to ensure the country’s compliance with the KPCS minimum requirements and to build its internal technical capacity for monitoring and reporting. African participants within the Kimberley Process have welcomed this milestone and are committed to supporting the CAR in meeting the rules and procedures which are crucial for its long-term success.

Key points of the development • The CAR’s suspension lifted: After 11 years of restrictions, the CAR has been granted

(Above): State Diamond Trader CEO, Nosi Mzamo.

permission to resume diamond exports, with the KPCS lifting the embargo subject to increased vigilance and compliance in 2025.

• Pathway to economic recovery: Revenue from the diamond industry is expected to support poverty alleviation, infrastructure development and the capacitybuilding of the state to implement its national programmes.

• Support from African diamond producers: The ADPA, alongside other regional stakeholders, has expressed full support for the CAR’s reintegration into the Kimberley Process, with technical assistance and guidance on compliance.

• Commitment to ethical practices: The Kimberley Process remains committed to ensuring that diamonds from the CAR are not used to finance conflict and that the country adheres to ethical diamond trading standards.

31

D I D YO U K N OW ?

Interesting facts  Turquoise can only form in specific conditions – it requires a delicate balance of copper, aluminium and phosphates, which means it is one of the few gemstones that is extremely rare in nature.

 Cobalt has the ability to take on a high polish that gives it a mirror-like finish. This makes it an attractive choice for jewellery pieces that require a sleek, shiny surface.

The metal’s natural hardness allows it to retain its lustre over time, which means it will not easily lose its shine or develop scratches, unlike softer metals.

 Some major jewellery brands, like Tiffany & Co, Zales and Pandora, have adopted virtual try-on tools.

Virtual try-on technology uses AR and AI to overlay jewellery designs onto a user's image in real-time, allowing them Constant Girard to see how different pieces would look on their saw the practicality of the body or face. This technology works by using facial wristwatch in warfare and recognition or body scanning to ensure accurate developed a wristwatch for representation, taking into account factors like the German naval officers. Two size, shape and proportions of the jewellery. thousand watches were ordered by the German Kaiser Wilhelm I. This represented the first mass production and sale of wristwatches recorded.

 In Hindu tradition, Navaratna jewellery features nine different gemstones, each representing a celestial body and associated with specific attributes. Wearing them together is believed to bring harmony and good fortune.

 Some horological smartwatches use hybrid technology that integrates smart sensors into the mechanical case, making the watch appear completely traditional. These watches can sync with your smartphone for notifications, fitness tracking and more, but without visible "smart" elements like a digital screen or charging ports

32

 Scientists believe that huge diamond planets may exist in the distant reaches of space! One example is the exoplanet 55 Cancri e, which is thought to be largely composed of diamond due to its carbonrich atmosphere and extreme pressure conditions. This has led to speculation that diamond rain could occur on these planets, a spectacular phenomenon where diamonds precipitate from the atmosphere as liquid or solid droplets.

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

Monthly educational insert FEATURE ARTICLE

Gems & Gemology

DIAMOND REFLECTIONS Eclogite: Diamond-Encrusted Ancient Seafloor Evan M. Smith and Matthew F. Hardman

SPONSORED BY

ISSUE ISSUE 21 12

The Link Between Eclogite and Diamonds Earth’s surface is divided into tectonic plates, and the ones that make up the ocean floor are destined to sink. Sheets of oceanic crust typically bend and sink down into Earth’s interior at so-called subduction zones. Occasionally these banished slivers of ancient seafloor may become a sort of unexpected canvas to be painted with a sparkling sea of diamonds. In fact, ancient seafloor rocks that have been incorporated into old and thick parts of continents are one of the most important mantle substrates or “host rocks” for diamond growth (Stachel et al., 2022a). This particular host rock, known as eclogite, can be found as distinct fragments, called xenoliths, at some diamond mines and is also represented by mineral inclusions in diamonds (figure 1). Our current understanding of where and how diamonds crystallize is largely based on mineral inclusions trapped inside them. The diamonds we mine were brought up to Earth’s surface by kimberlites and related magmatic rocks, but they did not crystallize directly from this magma. Rather, the diamonds formed by independent processes and are usually millions or billions of years older than the kimberlitic magmas that inadvertently swept them up to the surface. Most diamonds (~98%) were formed at a depth of about 150–200 km within the continental lithosphere, essentially in old and thick parts of continents. Based on the relative abundance of mineral inclusions in a studied set of 2,844 diamonds, the three principal mantle host rocks here are peridotite (65%), eclogite (33%), and websterite (2%) (Stachel and Harris, 2008). Eclogitic diamonds constitute a significant portion of the gem diamond market, and their features embody the dynamic processes unique to Earth.

What Is Eclogite?

Typically, eclogite refers to a colorful red and green metamorphic rock that is made up of two key minerals: grossular-almandinepyrope garnet and omphacitic clinopyroxene (figure 2) (Winter, 2010). Additional minerals sometimes present include rutile, coesite, kyanite, and iron-rich sulfides. All of these can be encountered as mineral inclusions in diamond. Eclogite can form in several ways, but the dominant process involves oceanic crust sinking down into the mantle (by subduction).

The basalt and gabbro that make up oceanic crust undergo a transformation, known as metamorphism, as a result of changes in pressure and temperature that cause some minerals to break down and new ones to form.

Figure 1. Mineral inclusions in diamond. This connected pair of green clinopyroxene and orange garnet indicates that diamond growth occurred within an eclogitic mantle host rock. Photomicrograph by Nathan Renfro; field of view 2 mm.

Metamorphic rocks are sometimes classified into groups, called metamorphic facies, based on the pressure and temperature conditions at which they formed. One of these groups is known as eclogite facies. Any given metamorphic facies encompasses metamorphic rocks that form under the same range of pressure and temperature conditions, regardless of what the exact starting rock, or protolith, might have been. Figure 3 shows where the eclogite facies and other metamorphic facies fall within a pressure vs. temperature diagram. When basalt or gabbro from the oceanic crust get subducted, they metamorphose through zeolite and blueschist facies before transforming into eclogite at depths of about 50 km.

If the eclogite were carried deeper still, the clinopyroxene would begin to break down between 300 and 400 km, followed by the appearance of a new phase, stishovite (SiO2) (Irifune and Ringwood, 1987). At this point, it would technically not be eclogite but could be described by the more general terms metabasalt or metagabbro. With varying pressure and temperature, the mineralogy can change drastically, even if the bulk composition of the rock remains unchanged.

Ancient Seafloor and the Process of Subduction Inclusions (figure 1) and xenoliths (figure 2) show that eclogite has served as a host rock for diamond growth at depths of about 150–200 km. But that eclogite has actually travelled a

Editor’s note: Questions or topics of interest should be directed to Evan Smith (evan.smith@gia.edu).

GEMS & GEMOLOGY, VOL. 59, NO. 3, pp. 380–386. © 2023 Gemological Institute of America

AN INTRODUCTION ISSUE TO 21 GEMSTONES

Figure 2. Polished slice of an eclogite xenolith. This backlit specimen shows the typical orange garnet and green clinopyroxene that make up eclogite.

Recovered from the Roberts Victor mine in South Africa, this eclogite xenolith (sample JJG-243) is part of the Mantle Room collection curated by the University of Cape Town.

Photomicrograph by Evan M. Smith; field of view approximately 5 cm.

M ETAMORPHIC FACIES DIAGRAM TEMPERATURE (°C) 200

400

600

800

1000

0 Hornfels 0.2 10

Zeolite 0.4

PrehnitePumpellyite

Greenschist 20

0.8

1.0

Granulite 30

Blueschist

n ce

o

1.4

of

1.2

DEPTH (km)

Amphibolite

tio

PRESSURE (GPa)

0.6

c du

Subduction is the process by which a plate on the earth’s surface moves beneath another and sinks into the mantle.

During subduction, oceanic crust undergoes a progressive sequence of metamorphic reactions as pressure and temperature increase with depth (figure 3). This increases the density of the rock, which may continue to subduct until it transforms into eclogite. Occasionally, subducted eclogite is incorporated into the deep roots beneath continents, where the majority of diamond formation occurs, as shown by the green and orange lenses in figure 4.

S ub

long way from its birthplace. Those same eclogitic inclusions and xenoliths have chemical and isotopic characteristics indicating that the protolith originated at Earth’s surface as oceanic crust.

Present-day ocean floors are composed of oceanic crust with an underlying layer of mantle peridotite, which together form a rigid plate called lithosphere that “floats” upon the convecting upper mantle because it is less dense (figure 4). Oceanic crust is generated at mid-ocean ridges, where the two plates on either side of the ridge spread apart from one another. The gap left between the diverging plates is filled by rock that flows up from beneath and partially melts, producing the magma that will make up newly formed crust. When these magmas erupt at the seafloor, they cool quickly and form a dark, fine-grained rock called basalt. At deeper levels within a mid-ocean ridge, the magma cools slowly and crystallizes as coarser-grained rocks, chiefly gabbro. Oceanic crust is produced continuously at mid-ocean ridges on the ocean floor. Old crust is pushed farther from the ridge as new crust is produced. Old oceanic crust will cool, increasing its density. After millions of years, and driven by continual mid-ocean spreading, the oceanic crust will eventually collide with continental crust, which is generally much less dense due to its different mineralogy and elemental composition. When the oceanic crust collides with continental crust, the large difference in density leads the oceanic crust to subduct into the upper mantle beneath the continental crust (figure 4).

an ic cru s

40 t

Eclogite

50

1.6

Figure 3. Metamorphic facies diagram. Each fi eld in this pressure vs. temperature chart represents a group of metamorphic rocks that share similar characteristics. Eclogite is a high-pressure metamorphic facies as well as a rock name. The orange line gives a hypothetical pathway for the subduction of oceanic crust. Boundaries are gradational and do not actually exist as sharp divisions in P-T space. Adapted from Winter (2010).

ISSUE 21

APPROXIMATE DEPTH BELOW SEA LEVEL (km)

Mid-ocean ridge axis

Oceanic crust

Accretionary wedge

Volcanic arc

Kimberlite

Continental crust

0 50 100 150

Graphite stability Upper mantle upwells and melts

Diamond stability

Oceanic mantle

Continental lithospheric mantle

Asthenosphere (Convecting mantle)

200 250

Diamond Continental mantle peridotite Mantle eclogite

Figure 4. Diagram of a mid-ocean ridge and subduction zone. At mid-ocean ridges, the upper mantle upwells and melts, and the melts crystallize as oceanic crust. The oceanic crust spreads away from the ridge and subducts into the mantle beneath continental crust, which is more buoyant. Diamonds may be stable in the deep roots of continents, within the continental lithospheric mantle. They may form in association with mantle peridotite or eclogite. Kimberlite may rip diamond and mantle rocks from these deep roots as they erupt to the surface.

Eclogites also have relatively high concentrations of sodium compared to many other mantle rocks. This sodium comes from plagioclase in the oceanic protoliths, but during subduction the plagioclase becomes unstable and breaks down, with its constituent elements—including sodium—redistributed to new minerals formed during metamorphism.

With the proper analytical equipment, elements with extremely low abundance (e.g., concentrations at the parts per million or billion level) can be measured in eclogite minerals.

Among these are the rare earth elements (REE), which are a group of 17 elements including the lanthanides (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium) plus scandium and yttrium.

Slight differences in the behavior of these elements during

geological processes can lead to changes in their relative concentrations, imparting a sort of chemical imprint of a rock’s history. REE concentrations in igneous rocks can be inherited from their magmatic sources and subsequently modified by melting and other processes in the earth.

In many mantle rocks, REE patterns will have a smooth trend, with the concentration of europium being intermediate to the elements samarium and gadolinium (figure 5). Some eclogites, however, may have a positive or negative europium “anomaly” when compared to samarium and gadolinium (figure 5). The

REE PATTERNS 100

CONCENTRATION NORMALIZED TO CHONDRITE

Geoscientists can inspect aspects of eclogite geochemistry and isotopic composition to reconstruct its history. For example, when basalt forms at a mid-ocean ridge, it has an oxygen isotope composition that is similar to the upper mantle source region from which it was derived. When seawater interacts with oceanic crust, however, it can change the oxygen isotope composition of the rock, shifting it away from the original mantle-like value. Oxygen isotope compositions of minerals in eclogite that are outside the range of the typical ambient mantle are considered evidence that the eclogite had a protolith that was exposed to seawater prior to subduction (Jacob, 2004; Korolev et al., 2018, and references therein).

10

1

0.1

Negative Eu-anomaly No Eu-anomaly Positive Eu-anomaly

0.01 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Figure 5. REE patterns for three eclogites with different europium anomalies.

The concentrations of all elements are normalized to the elemental concentrations in chondritic meteorites (McDonough and Sun, 1995).

ISSUE 21

photosynthesis favors 12C. As a result, plants are enriched in 12 C (and depleted in 13C) relative to the initial carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Scientists can gain insight into many carbonbearing materials by measuring the relative proportions of 12C and 13C. For any measurement, the 13C/12C ratio is reported in terms of how different it is from an agreed-upon standard (a reference known as the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). This deviation is written as δ13C (pronounced “delta C thirteen”) expressed in parts per thousand (per mille, ‰) and is calculated as δ13C = [(13C/12C)sample/(13C/12C)standard−1]×1000.

CARBON ISOTOPE HISTOGRAMS Peridotitic diamonds 400

FREQUENCY

200

0 300

Eclogitic diamonds

200 100

0 -40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

δ13C OF DIAMOND (‰)

Figure 6. Carbon isotope histograms for peridotitic and eclogitic diamonds.

While both histograms show a mode centered near –5‰ that corresponds to mantle carbon, eclogitic diamonds have a tail of negative values stretching beyond –40‰ that is thought to refl ect subducted organic carbon. Data are from Stachel et al. (2022b).

mineral plagioclase tends to have strong positive europium anomalies, as europium incorporates into plagioclase very strongly relative to other REE. Consequently, an igneous rock that accumulates plagioclase (such as gabbro in oceanic crust) may inherit a positive europium anomaly. A rock that forms from a magma that previously crystallized plagioclase (such as an oceanic lava) will have a negative europium anomaly. As plagioclase is only stable in the shallow portions of the earth (<30 km, approximately), eclogites with detectable europium anomalies are generally inferred to have protoliths that formed at shallow depths. Seeing this signature in mantle-derived rocks, such as eclogite xenoliths at a diamond mine, requires that those rocks formed near the surface and were carried down into the mantle by subduction (and in the case of xenoliths, these rocks have been brought back up again by kimberlites).

Eclogite xenoliths really have come a long way.

Recycled Carbon and Its Contribution to Diamond Growth Not all carbon atoms are identical. By paying close attention to differences in their mass (carbon isotopes), geologists have observed that diamonds formed in eclogite are distinguished by an unusual signature (figure 6). The signature suggests that eclogitic diamonds contain “recycled” carbon that was subducted from Earth’s surface down into the mantle, where diamond growth occurred (figure 4). A typical carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus, which sum to give its atomic mass, 12. Carbon-12 (12C) is the most common isotope of carbon. About 1% of naturally occurring carbon atoms have an extra neutron and therefore a mass of 13. Carbon-13 (13C) is the second-most abundant isotope of carbon. Given that 12C and 13C have different masses, they behave slightly differently during chemical reactions. When plants grow, for example,

Figure 6 shows δ13C values for peridotitic and eclogitic diamonds. The histograms convey information about sources of carbon and potentially about the chemical process of diamond formation as well. In both histograms, the large peak centered at –5‰ corresponds to the average composition of carbon spread throughout the mantle (Cartigny, 2005). Eclogitic diamonds, however, possess a conspicuous tail of negative values or “light” isotopic compositions. These negative values are one of the most debated features of diamond geology, with no firm consensus on the exact processes at play (Cartigny, 2005).

The most accepted general view is that the negative isotopic trend of eclogitic diamonds stems from subducted carbon (Li et al., 2019; Stachel et al., 2022b). Subducted carbon is thought to mix with the ambient carbon already present in the mantle to give the range of observed carbon isotopic characteristics in eclogitic diamonds (figure 6). The recycled carbon could come in the form of sediments and altered oceanic crust containing organic matter and carbonates (biogenic and abiogenic) (Li et al., 2019). Taking into account the covariations in nitrogen concentration and isotopes suggests that eclogitic diamond formation involves multiple subducted ingredients that mix in complex ways during the process (Stachel et al., 2022b).

Although there are unresolved details, the evidence is strong that a portion of the carbon in eclogitic diamonds is subducted.

These diamonds are a physical manifestation of the deep and ancient geological carbon cycle.

Eclogitic Diamond Ages Through the incredible phenomenon of radioactive decay, many rocks and minerals have a sort of built-in natural clock.

Radioactive decay is the process whereby unstable radioactive elements break down over time, with different elements each having a predictable decay rate. Several decay systems apply to various types of inclusions in diamonds, and their analysis has led to our understanding that diamonds are millions to billions of years old (Smit and Shirey, 2019). The oldest diamonds are 3.5 billion years old, and diamonds have been forming episodically

ISSUE 21

Present-day erosive surface Lake Crater zone

Sedimentary rocks

Diatreme zone Metamorphic rocks Volcanic rocks

Figure 7. Diagram of a hypothetical kimberlite pipe. The kimberlite erupts through existing rocks and geologic formations (“country rock”).

The shape, size, and distribution of rocks within a kimberlite pipe are highly variable from occurrence to occurrence. The country rock is arbitrary in this diagram and will vary based on the local geology into which the kimberlite erupts. The majority of kimberlites are not diamond-bearing (Kjarsgaard et al., 2022).

Root zone

Diamond Continental mantle peridotite Mantle eclogite Archean basement

50 m

since that time, spanning three-quarters of Earth’s history.

Their antiquity combined with their deep mantle origin makes diamonds a unique record of large-scale geological evolution.

For example, diamond ages may provide a time stamp to mark the beginning of modern-style plate tectonics. Many of us are at least vaguely familiar with the notion that roughly 200 million years ago, the continents to the east and west of the Atlantic Ocean were nestled together in the supercontinent Pangaea.

The Atlantic grew and opened up as Pangaea broke apart.

The subduction zone and mid-ocean ridge spreading center depicted in figure 4 are integral mechanisms that explain how tectonic plates move, how new oceans form, and how old ones close and vanish. This dynamic surface structure is unique to Earth. Our planet did not always have plate tectonics, however, and at one point, its surface was a giant magma ocean. So when exactly did things change and the processes we observe today take hold?

Geologists have used several methods to constrain the timing of when plate tectonics began, including clues from diamonds. Comparing samples of different ages reveals that they are not all equal across time. Diamonds older than 3.0 billion years are exclusively peridotitic, whereas eclogitic diamonds only become prevalent among those younger than 3.0 billion years. This change arguably marked the first major

episode of subduction of oceanic crust beneath a continent and the onset of the Wilson-cycle style of movements that characterize modern plate tectonics (Shirey and Richardson, 2011). Effectively, this model suggests there are no eclogitic diamonds older than 3.0 billion years because oceanic crust was not yet being subducted and incorporated as eclogite into the continental lithospheric mantle.

Economic Importance of Eclogitic Diamonds Finding an economic diamond deposit is no trivial matter. Even after locating one or more kimberlites (figure 7) or lamproites, it is a challenging exercise to evaluate the quantity and quality of diamonds. A key variable that can make or break a potential mine is the presence of eclogitic diamonds. In some deposits, eclogitic diamonds are much more abundant than might be expected based on the relatively small amount of eclogite in the mantle.

Most of the continental lithospheric mantle is made up of peridotite (>95 vol.%; figure 4). Conversely, eclogite has a low global abundance (<5 vol.%) (Dawson and Stephens, 1975; Schulze, 1989), yet some mines can contain much higher abundances of eclogitic diamonds, to the point where they dominate the diamond population, such as at Koidu (Sierra Leone) and Orapa (Botswana). One in three diamonds have eclogitic vs. peridotitic mineral inclusions, indicating a relatively

ISSUE 21

Figure 8. Broken-up sample of kimberlite from the Ekati diamond mine in northern Canada featuring colorful mantle indicator mineral grains. The bright green diopside and purple garnets are from peridotite, and the orange garnets (indicated by arrows) are from eclogite. Photo by Evan M. Smith; field of view approximately 2 cm.

large proportion of diamonds are associated with eclogite (Stachel and Harris, 2008). While not all eclogites are associated with diamond, small volumes of eclogite in some kimberlites could be indicative of diamond-rich deposits.

Kimberlites can be very small (as small as 50 m across) and show very little topographic relief, making them difficult to find. Over millions of years, these sites may become completely covered by vegetation or water (forming lakes).

In these cases, kimberlites can be located by exploiting their physical properties, as they erupt through existing rock and may have different magnetic or gravimetric properties from the surrounding material. Aerial surveys that passively examine the landscape, searching for gravitational or magnetic anomalies, could potentially identify a kimberlite. A more direct approach is to use kimberlite indicator minerals (figure 8). Even in kimberlites that are diamond-bearing, diamonds may be present in abundances at the parts per million level.

Conversely, rocks that are associated with diamonds are generally much more abundant and easier to locate. Minerals in these rocks commonly have elemental compositions that

reflect the rock from which they derived and, occasionally, an association with diamond itself. For example, there is an observed association between diamond and mantle peridotites that are very chemically depleted (i.e., experienced substantial melting in the mantle, removing elemental components from their structure) (Gurney, 1984). The compositions of the garnets in these peridotites are characterized by low calcium contents and high chromium contents (Grütter et al., 2004). Garnets in eclogite are very different and instead have low chromium contents and variable calcium (Grütter et al., 2004). Given the disproportionate number of eclogitic diamonds compared to the global abundance of eclogite, even a small number of eclogitic garnets, such as the orange grains in figure 8, may indicate an economically valuable deposit.

Minerals within kimberlite can be redistributed by rivers or glaciers, so if a garnet with composition similar to those associated with diamond is found in stream sediment or glacial till, this could indicate that a kimberlite deposit—possibly a diamond-bearing one—occurs up-stream. When identified, a kimberlite deposit could one day be developed into an operating diamond mine.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr. Evan M. Smith is a senior research scientist with GIA in New York, and Dr. Matthew F. Hardman is a research scientist at GIA in Carlsbad, California.

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DIAMONDS

De Beers delivers promising progress with Angola exploration De Beers has wasted no time getting its exploration work in Angola up to speed, with CEO Al Cook telling delegates at the Angola International Diamond Conference that the group has so far identified eight “high potential kimberlite targets” THE DE BEERS GROUP HAS PROVIDED AN update on its diamond exploration activity in Angola, with CEO Al Cook highlighting that eight high-potential kimberlite targets have already been identified as a result of the group’s airborne magnetic surveying work, when presenting at the Angola International Diamond Conference.

In the first half of 2024, the group completed all planned airborne electromagnetic surveys across both of its exploration concessions in Angola, while also commencing the airborne magnetic survey activity, discovery drilling and ground geophysics in its concession in Lumboma in the Lunda-Norte province.

Since then, De Beers has also carried

out airborne magnetic surveys in its other exploration concession – Muconda, located in Angola’s Lunda-Sul province – and intends completing the airborne magnetic surveys in Lumboma in the coming months. This critical activity, which involves two survey aircraft supported by a helicopter, enables the acquisition of the data required to identify kimberlite targets for further assessment.

Discovery-phase drilling activity, focused on assessing the potential of identified targets, is now fully operational and will continue on the targets with the highest geological potential.

“As we continue putting our Origins strategy into action, we’re making good progress with our diamond exploration in

Angola – the world’s most prospective region for new diamond deposits,” said Cook.

“Alongside this, we’re working hard with our partners in government, both in enhancing the environment for long-term investors in the nation and in ensuring that we have all the tools in place to realise the socio-economic benefit of diamonds for the country.”

At the conference, which ran from 23-24 October, Cook also highlighted De Beers’ continuing progress in working with the authorities in Angola to advance preparations for the sustainable development of the national diamond sector, in line with the memorandum of understanding signed in February 2024.

De Beers Group CEO Al Cook highlighted that eight highpotential kimberlite targets have already been identified as a result of the group’s airborne magnetic surveying work.

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JEWELLERY MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AFRICA

E-mail: barend@autraders.co.za; jacqui@autraders.co.za Website: www.autraders.co.za AUGENTA JEWELLERS Tel: 021 883 8288 E-mail: dylan@augenta.com

ADELE’S MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS Tel no: 082 595 3868/083 227 6550 E-mail: adele@amj.co.za ADJANI SCHOEMAN T/A ADJANI DESIGN STUDIO Tel no: 083 460 7334 E-mail: info@adjani.co.za Website: www.adjani.co.za AFRICAN TRADE BEADS JEWELLERY COLLECTION Tel no: 082 905 1736 / 011 726 7643 E-mail: tamiko@zazenconsulting.com Website: https://www.atbjc.com/about-us/ AFROGEM Tel no: 021 424 0848 E-mail: info@afrogem.co.za AKAPO JEWELS Tel no: 011 038 3130 E-mail: wumba@akapo.co.za; labi@akapo.co.za Website: www.akapojewels.co.za ALBO VAN DYK MANUFACTURING Tel no: 044 873 0567 E-mail: albo@telkomsa.net Website: http://www.albovandyk.com/ ALL BLING CREATIONS (PTY) LTD Tel no: 079 744 0971 E-mail: allblingcreations00@gmail.com; mmeshi.nkadimeng@gmail.com ALLOY JEWELLERY GALLERY (PTY) LTD Tel no: 073 92 45254 E-mail: edna@alloygallery.co.za Website: www.alloygallery.co.za ALTIN JEWELLERS Tel no: 012 998 0141 E-mail: info@altin.co.za Website: www.altin.co.za AMBER & FORGE (PTY) LTD T/A SCHERMANS Tel: 072 928 0385 E-mail: info@schermans.co.za

AURUM DESIGN Tel no: 021 423 6590 E-mail: aurum@worldonline.co.za; adela@aurumdesign.co.za Website: www.aurumdesign.co.za AURUM MANUFACTURING (PTY) LTD Tel: 083 475 7891 E-mail: info@aurummanufacturing.co.za; oliver@aurummanufacturing.co.za; karina@aurummanufacturing.co.za AUTHOR BY KATHLYN ALLAN Tel no: 084 247 0358 E-mail: mail@worldofauthor.com AZTEC MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS RIVERSIDE LIFESTYLE CENTRE Tel: 013 757 0827 E-mail: ron@aztecjewellers.com; kyle@aztecjewellers.com Website: www.aztecjewellers.com AZTEC MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS VALLEY HYPER Tel: 013 757 0827 E-mail: Ron@aztecjewellers.com Website: www.aztecjewellers.com

AU TRADERS AND REFINERS (PTY) LTD Tel no: 011 334 7607/8

CARESS JEWELLERS UITENHAGE CC Tel no: 041 992 4421 E-mail: eben-caress@mweb.co.za

CHARLES NORMAN DIAMONDS (PTY) LTD Tel: 083 557 3252 E-mail: rishan@charlesnormandiamonds.com

BEN & CO DESIGNS (PTY) LTD Tel no: 072 056 2156 E-mail: bheki@ben-codesigns.com; info@ben-codesigns.com Website: www.ben-codesigns.com

CHARLENE NEL T/A BELLA COSA Tel no: 021 975 5097 E-mail: charlene@bellacosa.co.za

BO KOOK HANDMADE JEWELLERY Tel: 079 560 5064 E-mail: info@bokook.co.za

ASSIQUE MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS Tel no: 021 706 3629 E-mail: hashiem@telkomsa.net

CAPE PRECIOUS METALS PE/GQEBERHA Tel no: 041 365 1890 E-mail: renee@capepreciousmetals.co.za Website: www.capepreciousmetals.co.za

BEAUTIFUL SELECTION (PTY) LTD Tel no: 072 658 0166 E-mail: admin@beautifulselection.co.za

ANASTASIA JEWELLERS Tel no: 031 507 5561 E-mail: bazil.heeralall@gmail.com Website: www.anastasiajewellers.co.za

ASHOK JEWELLERS DESIGNERS & MANUFACTURERS Tel: 031 566 5046 E-mail: info@ashokjewellers.co.za; 5665046@gmail.com

CAPE PRECIOUS METALS – GERMISTON Tel no: 011 334 6263 E-mail: shannon@cpmjhb.co.za Website: www.capepreciousmetals.co.za

CHARL DE BEER Tel no: 012 440 7693 E-mail: leatherw@mweb.co.za; charldebeer@hotmail.com

BIJOU EXQUISITE JEWELLERS Tel no: 041 450 4320 E-mail: marnic@bijoujewellery.international Website: https://www.bijoujewellery.international/

ANTONICORNELLIS JEWELLERY ENTERPRISE Tel no: 074 758 1014 E-mail: antonicornellius.nhlapo@gmail.com

CAPE PRECIOUS METALS – DURBAN Tel no: 031 303 5402 E-mail: malcolm@cpmdbn.co.za Website: www.capepreciousmetals.co.za

BEAUDELL DESIGNS (PTY) LTD Tel no: 082 885 8303 E-mail: esther@beaudell.co.za Website: www.beaudell.co.za

ANACZYNSKI JEWELLERY Tel no: 082 934 5682 E-mail: anaczynski@gmail.com Website: www.anaczynski.co.za

ANNELLE MURRAY GOUDSMID Tel no: 082 956 7747 E-mail: annellemurray@exclusivemail.co.za

CAPE PRECIOUS METALS – CAPE TOWN Tel no: 021 551 2066 E-mail: sharon@cpmct.co.za Website: www.capepreciousmetals.co.za

CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FREE STATE – WELKOM Tel no: 051 507 4044 E-mail: eholmes@cut.ac.za; nmphore@cut.ac.za Website: www.cut.ac.za

AMBIGO JEWELLERS Tel: 062 282 6924 E-mail: ntobekobasil@gmail.com

ANNA ROSHOLT JEWELLERY DESIGN Tel: 061 080 6481 Email: anna@annarosholt.com

CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Tel no: 021 460 3632 E-mail: konstandakellisv@cput.ac.za; camerondowl@cput.ac.za Website: www.cput.ac.za

BEADZ BY FLEX Tel no: 083 967 3264 E-mail: info@beadzbyflex.co.za Website: www.beadzbyflex.co.za

BERNARD’S JEWELLERY DESIGN & MANUFACTURE Tel no: 032 586 0889 E-mail: bernard@bernardsjewellery.co.za Website: https://watchesforsale.co.za/

ANDREAS SALVER MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS Tel no: 011 706 6828 E-mail: andreas@andreassalver.com Website: www.andreassalver.com

CAPE DIAMONDS Tel no: 021 421 5364 E-mail: joelgraham@capediamonds.co.za Website: www.capediamonds.co.za

BRAND ATHENA A Tel: 072 272 3089 E-mail: info@brandathenaa.co.za BRETTLAND POULSEN DESIGNER GOLDSMITH Tel no: 031 562 8009 E-mail: bretland@iafrica.com Website: www.brettlands.co.za BRIAN BOSMAN GOLDSMITH STUDIO Tel no: 011 616 5328 E-mail: divagoldsmith@yahoo.com BRONSKI JEWELLERS Tel no: 021 852 7891 E-mail: seanscrase@hotmail.com BROWNS THE DIAMOND STORE – WORKSHOP Tel no: 011 438 7920 E-mail: albert@brownsjewellers.com Website: www.brownsjewellers.com BULLION STAR (PTY) LTD Tel: 011 202 5021 E-mail: bullionstr@gmail.com CADTOCRAFT (PTY) LTD Tel no: 011 781 0303 E-mail: johanwessels12@gmail.com

CHATEAU D’OR CC Tel no: 011 728 3741/3723 E-mail: denlincoln@mweb.co.za Website: www.chateaudorjewellers.com CORNERSTONE MANUFACTURING (PTY) LTD Tel no: 082 599 5919 E-mail: cornerstonelof@gmail.com CREATIVE DESIGN MANUFACTURERS (PTY) LTD Tel no: 031 563 3987 E-mail: goldlink@iafrica.com D FABRIK (PTY) LTD Tel: 011 327 7926 E-mail: deon.denysschen@gmail.com DABERON MANUFACTURING (PTY) LTD Tel no: 011 334 8841 E-mail: daberon1@gmail.com DALEEN BRUWER JEWELLERY DESIGN & GOLDSMITH Tel no: 023 342 7808 E-mail: db@xsinet.co.za DANIEL JACOBS JEWELLERY DESIGN CC Tel no: 021 880 1026 E-mail: djjd@mweb.co.za DAVID BOLDING GOLDSMITH Tel no: 021 418 1049/1612 E-mail: david@dbgold.co.za; marele@dbgold.co.za DC JEWELLERS Tel no: 044 691 3692 E-mail: dcjewel@mweb.co.za DEGLON JEWELLERY STUDIO Tel no: 021 851 3182 E-mail: waynedeglon@telkomsa.net Website: www.waynedeglondesign.withtank.com DEON SMITH JEWELLERY Tel: 083 454 2161 E-mail: deonsmithjewellery@gmail.com; drdwsmith63@gmail.com; deon@deonsmithjewellery.com

JEWELLERY MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AFRICA

DESIGNER GOLD BUSINESS TRUST Tel no: 043 726 2291 E-mail: info@designergold.co.za Website: www.designergold-el.co.za

FERROS JEWELLERS Tel no: 041 363 1881 E-mail: alex@ferrosjewellers.com Website: www.ferrosjewellers.com

IMFUNDISO SKILLS DEVELOPMENT Tel no: 012 734 0245 E-mail: imfundiso@mweb.co.za Website: www.imfundiso.com

DIA-KIM DIAMONDS T/A CHRISTOPHER REID Tel no: 021 418 4484 E-mail: nick@christopherreid.co.za Website: www.christopherreid.co.za

FINEGOLD LABORATORY SERVICES Tel no: 021 511 6237 E-mail: admin@finegold.co.za Website: www.finegold.co.za

IMPILO COLLECTION Tel no: 010 0210441 E-mail: ayeung@impilocollection.co.za Website: www.facebook.com/impilocollection

FOREVER JEWELLERY MANUFACTURERS Tel no: 031 564 9006 E-mail: fj@3i.co.za

INGE SCHOLTZ JEWELLERYDESIGNER & MANUFACTURER Tel no: 073 271 3789 E-mail: admin@csvaluers.co.za

DIAMANTE ANTWERP Tel: 072 830 5656 E-mail: info@diamanteantwerp.com DIAMONDS4EVER Tel no: 082 786 7677 E-mail: info@diamonds4ever.co.za Website: www.diamonds4ever.co.za

FRANKLI WILD Tel no: 011 483 2620 E-mail: kgf@frankliwild.com Website: www.frankliwild.com

DIDIDESIGN Tel no: 011 784 0369 E-mail: didi@dididesign.co.za Website: www.dididesign.co.za

G HARRIS DESIGN STUDIOS CC Tel no: 021 555 1437 E-mail: harrisjewellers@telkomsa.net; gharris@telkomsa.net Website: www.harrisjewellers.net

DLR JEWELLERS Tel: 057 101 0359 E-mail: carol@dlracc.co.za

GATTOO JEWELLERY DESIGN STUDIO Tel no: 011 852 2046 E-mail: gattoosdesign@gmail.com

DR ESME SPICER Tel no: 073 239 9983 E-mail: esme.spicer@gmail.com

GAUTA REFINERIES (PTY) LTD Tel no: 012 753 3304 E-mail: rudi@gautarefinery.com Website: https://www.gautarefinery.com/

DURBAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Tel no: 031 373 6673/6 E-mail: chrisdb@dut.ac.za; samanthav@dut.ac.za Website: www.dut.ac.za ECO CHIC JEWELLERY Tel no: 021 553 0332 E-mail: e.m.duplooy@gmail.com EDEL DESIGNER JEWELLERY Tel no: 072 636 0213 E-mail: edeldesignerjewellery@gmail.com EKURHULENI JEWELLERY PROJECT Tel no: 011 825 5822 E-mail: colin@ejewellery.org.za Website: www.ejewellery.org.za ELEMENTAL STUDIO Tel no: 084 507 7777 E-mail: lezamcleod@icloud.com Website: www.elementalstudio.co.za EMBER MANUFACTURING & DESIGN (PTY) LTD Tel no: 083 557 5190 E-mail: info@ember.co.za Website: www.ember.co.za ENZA MANAGEMENT SERVICES Tel no: 031 824 9427 E-mail: khulile@imarajewellery.com EON HOON JEWELLERY DESIGN Tel no: 083 578 7447 E-mail: eon@eonhoon.com Website: www.eonhoon.com ERICA STRAUSS DESIGNER JEWELLERY STUDIO Tel no: 021 851 8120 E-mail: artwear@telkomsa.net ETERNITY ENTERPRISE (PTY) LTD Tel no: 018 290 5722/3 E-mail: info@eternityenterprise.com; daleen@eternityenterprise.com Website: www.eternityenterprise.com EVERTRADE 142 (PTY) LTD T/A D’OURO JEWELLERS Tel no: 011 615 3402 E-mail: dourojhb@vodamail.co.za; a.veloso@dourojewellers.co.za Website: www.dourojewellers.co.za FACET JEWELLERY Tel no: 073 397 8820 E-mail: catherine@facetjewellery.co.za FARIED JEWELLERY DESIGN Tel: 021 671 5529 E-mail: insaaf.achmat@gmail.com; fachmat@gmail.com FEMKE KLEISEN DESIGNS (PTY) LTD Tel no: 083 787 6120 E-mail: femkekleisen@webafrica.org.za Website: www.femkekleisen.co.za

GEM AFRIQUE Tel no: 062 050 6479 E-mail: soni2.goldsmith@gmail.com GERHARD MOOLMAN FINE JEWELLERY Tel: 021 914 0838 E-mail: gerhard@gmfinejewellery.co.za GLOBAL JEWELLERY ACADEMY Tel no: 082 337 6428 E-mail: robertb@globaljewelleryacademy.co.za Website: www.globaljewelleryacademy.co.za GOLD AND I (PTY) LTD Tel no: 084 360 6762 E-mail: info@goldandi.co.za Website: www.goldandi.co.za GOLDFASHION JEWELLERS CC Tel no: 021 931 1319 E-mail: mhendricks@wsnet.co.za; goldfashion@telkomsa.net GOUDSMID TEHILA VAN ENGELENHOVEN Tel no: 082 674 4410 E-mail: tehila@absamail.co.za GRYPHON MOSS Tel: 082 049 2488 E-mail: kate@gryphonmoss.co.za HAUPT JUWELEN (PTY) LTD Tel: 072 587 0055 E-mail: info@hauptjuwelen.co.za HAVILAH GOLD CREATIONS Tel no: 041 581 1942 E-mail: design@havilah.co.za; carol@havilah.co.za Website: www.havilah.co.za HEATHER JANE SMITH CERAMICS & PORCELAIN Tel no: 064 915 4282 E-mail: ladyheatherette@gmail.com HELEN MICHALETOS Tel: 082 342 1577 E-mail: helen.michaletos@gmail.com HESTI PRINSLOO T/A FETTER-AND-THREE Tel: 082 855 9088 E-mail: hesti@fetter-and-three.co.za

ISA B JEWELLERY DESIGNS E-mail: bothmaisabel09@gmail.com ISABELLA JEWELLERS & REFINERS CC Tel no: 011 334 5919 E-mail: isabella@isabella-refiners.co.za Website: www.isabella-refiners.co.za J HIND JEWELLERS Tel no: 031 306 1330 E-mail: jhindrajesh@gmail.com Website: https://www.jhindjewellers.co.za/ JAGGATH JEWELLERS Tel no: 031 307 7790 E-mail: navinjagath372@gmail.com JANINE BINNEMAN JEWELLERY DESIGNS Tel no: 021 715 6178 E-mail: info@janinebinneman.com Website: https://janinebinneman.com/ JEWEL CRAFT – BRANDHOF Tel no: 051 444 3449 E-mail: rean.p@mweb.co.za Website: www.jewelcraft.co.za JEWELLERY CONNECTION Tel no: 011 728 6800 E-mail: vmagnes@netactive.co.za JEWELLERY CONSULTANCY Tel no: 083 581 1513 E-mail: md.jewelleryconsultancy@gmail.com Website: www.jewelleryconsultancy.co.za JOHANNA VAN ZYL Tel no: 082 778 5846 E-mail: jo@johannavanzyl.co.za Website: www.johannavanzyl.co.za JOHN 3 JEWELLERY Tel no: 076 822 8783 E-mail: john3jewellery@gmail.com JOHN STEDMAN T/A ELEMENTAL DESIGN Tel no: 031 572 2902 E-mail: john@elementaldesign.co.za Website: www.elementaldesign.co.za JOHREN MANUFACTURING CC T/A THE JEWELLERY SHOP Tel no: 046 624 3748 E-mail: johren@telkomsa.net JOY MASSYN JEWELLERY (PTY) LTD Tel no: 012 662 2861 E-mail: joy@joymassyn.co.za Website: http://www.joymassyn.com/ JUPITER'S JUNGLE (PTY) LTD Tel no: 061 503 6561 E-mail: admin@jupitersjungle.com Website: www.jupitersjungle.com/www.ginawhite.com JYARAS JEWELLERS (PTY) LTD Tel no: 067 397 6373 E-mail: admin@jyarasjewellers.co.za Website: https://jyarasjewellers.co.za/contact/

HOLLY CROSS JEWELLERY Tel: 079 477 2729 E-mail: vhaswayouth@gmail.com

K2 DESIGN STUDIO Tel no: 031 940 1274 E-mail: khanyisile@k2designstudio.co.za Website: www.k2designstudio.co.za

ICKINGER JEWELLERS Tel no: 015 307 4448 E-mail: jacques@ickinger.co.za Website: www.ickinger.co.za

KARLIEN DESIGNS CC Tel no: 083 659 2607 E-mail: karlien@karliendesigns.co.za Website: www.karliendesigns.co.za

iKE YKE Tel: 083 225 0425 E-mail: michael@eqimpact.co.za

KARLSEN JEWELLERY CO Tel no: 033 386 7872 E-mail: karlsen@jewelleryco.co.za

JEWELLERY MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AFRICA

KATANNUTA DIAMONDS CC Tel: 082 451 9429 E-mail: clare@katannutadiamonds.co.za; info@katannutadiamonds.co.za

MAGMA METAL RECOVERIES Tel no: 031 702 4422 E-mail: edwards@astronet.co.za

KAYRO JEWELLERS Tel no: 041 585 4842 E-mail: slaide.kayro@mweb.co.za

MAPULA DESIGNER JEWELLER (PTY) LTD Tel no: 083 641 2724 E-mail: mapuladesigner@gmail.com Website: www.mapuladesignerjeweller.com

KEA-NTHABI’S AFRICAN DESIGN Tel: 083 350 2737 E-mail: keanthabi1@gmail.com

MARINE GOLD CC Tel no: 021 424 0077 E-mail: stephen@marinegold.co.za

KHONJE DESIGNS Tel: 012 460 1569 E-mail: info@khonjedesigns.com

MARION’S JEWELLERY STUDIO Tel no: 041 368 4582/3 E-mail: marionsstudio@mweb.co.za

KIM CLOETE JEWELLERY DESIGN Tel no: 021 531 9082 E-mail: kim@kimcloetedesign.co.za Website: http://www.kimcloetedesign.co.za/

MARK WHITEHORN GOLDSMITH Tel no: 083 271 6065 E-mail: info@markwhitehorn.co.za Website: https://markwhitehorn.co.za/

KINKEL JEWELLERY Tel no: 021 786 1549 E-mail: info@kinkeljewellery.co.za Website: www.kinkeljewellery.co.za

MARTIN MILLS GOLDFIELDS Tel: 0727167632 E-mail: mmillsgoldfields@gmail.com

KNIGHT OF GREY T/A ELEGANTE Tel: 011 825 5822 E-mail: elegantemagnificent@gmail.com KRISTEN MALAN CC Tel no: 011 880 1866 E-mail: kristen@merindol.com; john@merindol.com KUSASA REFINING (PTY) LTD Tel: 010 001 6284 E-mail: greg.magid@kusasarefining.co.za; info@kusasarefining.co.za LADY PECULIAR Tel no: 021 886 8868 E-mail: info@ladypeculiar.co.za Website: www.ladypeculiar.co.za L’AUTRICHE FINE JEWELLERY Tel no: 011 883 4021 E-mail: ernst@lebijoux.co.za Website: www.lautrichefj.co.za LEOPOLDINE DESIGNS Tel no: 076 586 3820 E-mail: info@leopoldinedesigns.co.za LILLY FRIEDLAENDER CC Tel no: 021 887 1655 E-mail: lilly.f@wol.co.za LIMPOPO JEWELLERY BUSINESS INCUBATOR Tel no: 015 293 0214 E-mail: tessa@ljbi.org.za; mabatho@ljbi.org.za; siphelele@ljbi.org.za; admin@ljbi.org.za; shokky@ljbi.org.za LORIEN MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS Tel no: 011 967 1700 E-mail: heather@allanybrink.co.za LOTTI JEWELLERY Tel no: 079 386 1079 E-mail: info@lottijewellery.co.za

MASELESELE JEWELLERS Tel no: 012 734 0245 E-mail: imfundiso@mweb.co.za; imfundisojewellers@mweb.co.za Website: www.imfundiso.com MEDITERRANEAN JEWELLERS Tel no: 082 689 0630 E-mail: panayiotis@mmjewellers.co.za Website: http://www.mmjewellers.co.za/ METAL CONCENTRATORS SA (PTY) LTD – OR TAMBO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT SEZ Tel no: 012 000 4440 E-mail: info@MetCon.co.za Website: www.MetCon.co.za METAL CONCENTRATORS SA (PTY) LTD – CAPE TOWN Tel no: 021 510 0770 E-mail: salesct@MetCon.co.za Website: www.MetCon.co.za METAL IMAGE Tel no: 021 447 6600 E-mail: mi_greg@iafrica.com; mi_accounts@iafrica.com Website: www.metalimage.co.za MG IVORY Tel no: 011 788 1018 E-mail: mgivory@netactive.co.za MICHAEL J SOLOMON MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS (MJS) Tel no: 011 792 5292 E-mail: ms@absamail.co.za MICHL CONTEMPORARY FINE JEWELLERY Tel no: 021 913 3944 E-mail: michelleliaosa@gmail.com Website: www.michljewellery.com MINITZA Tel: 082 77 29812 E-mail: info@minitza.co.za

NILU ENGRAVING & JEWELLERY (PTY) LTD Tel no: 083 384 7792 E-mail: laser@nilu.co.za Website: www.nilu.co.za/ NINA BOSCH PORCELAIN Tel: 079 891 7240 E-mail: info@ninabosch.co.za NOVUS DESIGN STUDIO Tel no: 012 332 5850 E-mail: info@novusdesign.co.za Website: http://www.novusdesign.co.za/ NQ JEWELLERY DESIGN SERVICES Tel no: 073 700 6225 E-mail: nq2jewel@gmail.com Website: www.nqjewellery.co.za NV DESIGN COMPANY T/A BY NANETTE Tel no: 021 883 3856 E-mail: nanette@bynanette.com Website: www.bynanette.com ORO AFRICA (PTY) LTD – CAPE TOWN Tel no: 021 480 9860 E-mail: sharin@oroafrica.com Website: www.oroafrica.com OSMOND’S Tel no: 021 559 8277 E-mail: osmond@telkomsa.net PAUL GALLIAS Tel no: 073 194 2415 E-mail: pgallias@hotmail.com PEARL AND DIAMOND STUDIO Tel no: 011 678 0595/6 E-mail: pearldiamond@mweb.co.za Website: https://www.pearlanddiamond.co.za/ PETRA JEWELLERY DESIGN Tel: 021 789 0312 E-mail: info@petrajewellery.co.za PHATSIMA JEWELLERY DESIGNS Tel no: 072 739 6800 E-mail: phatsimantando@gmail.com; orders@phatsimajd.com Website: www.phatsimajd.com PHILIP ZETLER JEWELLERS Tel no: 021 423 2771 E-mail: pzetler@mweb.co.za Website: www.philipzetlerjewellers.co.za PHOENIX MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS Tel no: 012 549 4966 E-mail: jack@phoenixjewellers.co.za Website: www.phoenixjewellers.co.za PICCOLO FINE DESIGNER JEWELLERY Tel no: 083 396 6178 E-mail: suvette@piccolo-jewellery.co.za Website: http://piccolo-jewellery.co.za/ PIYUVE JEWELLERS CC Tel no: 031 301 3963 E-mail: aroon@piyuvejewelers.co.za; shashi@piyuvejewelers.co.za Website: www.piyuvejewelers.co.za

LOVI JEWELLERY DESIGN Tel no: 011 882 3272 E-mail: lovijewellery@gmail.com

MIRKO JEWELLERY Tel no: 021 886 8296 E-mail: mirinda@mirkojewels.co.za Website: http://mirkojewels.co.za/

LYNDA MARION JEWELLERY Tel no: 082 651 8145 E-mail: silver@lyndamarion.com

MOON INVESTMENTS Tel: 021 551 2066 E-mail: invest@mooninvest.co.za

PNEUMA JEWELLERS CC Tel no: 011 702 1462 E-mail: admin@pneumajewellers.com Website: www.pneumajewellers.co.za

M2 JEWELLERS CC Tel no: 012 460 6793 E-mail: maryna@m2jewellery.com Website: www.m2jewellery.com

MUGA MUGA HANDMADES Tel no: 072 299 7148 E-mail: info@mugamuga.co.za Website: www.mugamuga.co.za

POPULAR DIAMOND JEWELLERY MANUFACTURING CC Tel no: 011 484 7044 E-mail: pop@tiscali.co.za

MADELIEF DESIGNER JEWELLERY Tel no: 083 453 7018 E-mail: madeliefjewellery@gmail.com

MZANTSI DIAMOND MERCHANTS (PTY) LTD Tel: 041 379 1162 E-mail: mzantsidiamonds@gmail.com

PRECIOUS ONE JEWELLERY Tel no: 056 212 1229 E-mail: antonjewels@yahoo.com

MADELINE’S TEMPTATIONS Tel no: 083 305 2798 E-mail: info@madelinestemptations.co.za Website: www.madelinestemptations.co.za

N.N JEWELLERS Tel: 082 081 8179 E-mail: nico.nieuwoudt.nn@gmail.com

PRECISION SETTERS Tel no: 011 484 7803/4 E-mail: julian@precisionsetters.co.za

NEWMAN JEWELLERY DESIGN Tel no: 012 329 9600 E-mail: nina@newmandesign.co.za; dave@newmandesign.co.za

PRETTY FOUND THINGS Tel no: 083 651 9042 E-mail: prettyfoundthings@gmail.com Website: www.prettyfoundthings.co.za

MAGGIE AFRICA Tel no: 072 882 2586 E-mail: maggieroodt@telkomsa.net

JEWELLERY MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AFRICA

PREVIDA & CO Tel no: 011 701 5074 E-mail: previda@previdaandco.com

SHADOW JEWELLERS Tel no: 082 689 8297 E-mail: shadrackmogoane@yahoo.com

PRINS & PRINS DIAMONDS Tel no: 021 422 1090 E-mail: petre@prinsandprins.com; riana@prinsandprins.com Website: www.prinsandprins.com

SHANI D JEWELLERY DESIGN (PTY) LTD Tel no: 082 308 2111 E-mail: diamondshani@gmail.com Website: http://www.shanidjewellery.co.za/

QUICKSET JEWELLERS Tel no: 031 468 9236 E-mail: qsjewel@telkomsa.net; osjewel@telkomsa.net Website: www.quicksetjewellers.co.za RAMSDEN DIAMONDS T/A OLYMPIA AVENUE MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS Tel: 011 404 5010 E-mail: info@olympia-avenue.co.za RAND REFINERY LIMITED Tel no: 011 418 9000 E-mail: nicolab@gold.co.za Website: www.randrefinery.com RARE EARTH CREATIONS Tel no: 011 326 1727 E-mail: noloyiso@rarearth.co.za Website: https://www.rareearth.co.za/ REC SET & ENGRAVE (PTY) LTD Tel no: 011 326 1727 E-mail: neil@rarearth.co.za; noloyiso@rarearth.co.za RICHLINE SA (PTY) LTD Tel no: 011 418 1600 E-mail: johan@richlinesa.co.za; marco@richlinesa.co.za Website: www.richlinegroup.co.za RITCO MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS Tel no: 041 374 2101 E-mail: sales@ritco.co.za Website: www.ritco.co.za

SIBAHLE JEWELLERY (PTY) LTD Tel no: 011 049 3933 E-mail: nthabiseng@sibahlejewellery.co.za Website: www.sibahlejewellery.co.za SILK ROUTE GOLD (PTY) LTD Tel no: 011 450 3192 E-mail: info@silkroutegold.com Website: www.silkroutegold.com SIMON EFUNE MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS Tel no: 011 334 4529 E-mail: simon.efune@mweb.co.za SIRKEL JEWELLERY Tel no: 011 726 2365 E-mail: sirkeldesign@gmail.com Website: www.sirkeljewellery.co.za SL HERMAN MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS Tel no: 012 460 6771 E-mail: slhj@telkomsa.net Website: www.hermanmanufacturingjewellers.co.za SMITH JEWELLERY Tel no: 071 313 8649 E-mail: info@smith-jewellery.com Website: www.smith-jewellery.com STARBRIGHT JEWELLERY Tel no: 083 775 9995 E-mail: megan@starbrightgirl.com Website: https://www.starbrightgirl.com/

RODNEY CHANDLER JEWELLERS (PTY) LTD Tel no: 082 606 0493 E-mail: mcjewel@netactive.co.za

STUDIO 1980 (PTY) LTD Tel no: 083 379 0171 E-mail: info@studio1980za.com Website: https://studio1980za.com/

ROHAN CHERRY DESIGNS Tel no: 082 974 4566 E-mail: info@rcdesigns.co.za Website: www.rcdesign.co.za

STUDIO 39 JEWELLERY DESIGN Tel no: 031 764 3000 E-mail: studio39@telkomsa.net Website: www.studio39.co.za

ROK ORIGINALS Tel no: 072 203 3288 E-mail: info@rokoriginals.com Website: https://www.rokoriginals.com/

STUDIO C MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS Tel no: 011 642 7826 E-mail: chris@studioc.co.za; peggy@studioc.co.za Website: www.studioc.co.za

ROMANELLI DESIGNS (PTY) LTD Tel no: 011 794 1666 E-mail: bling@romanellidesigns.co.za Website: https://romanellidesigns.co.za/

STUDIO LOUBSER Tel no: 011 782 4051 E-mail: liz@lizloubser.com; info@studioloubser.com Website: www.studioloubser.com

RUTH PROWSE SCHOOL OF ART Tel no: 021 447 2492 E-mail: admin@ruthprowse.co.za Website: www.ruthprowse.co.za

SUGARBUSH CREATIONS Tel no: 015 293 2358 E-mail: sugarbushcreations@gmail.com

SATHKAAR JEWELLERS C.C Tel no: 031 306 4921 E-mail: sathkaar@gmail.com SANDHAVON DIAMOND CUTTING WORKS Tel no: 083 233 0910 E-mail: kevin@lutrin.co.za SAVAGE JEWELLERY Tel no: 082 902 2302 E-mail: nicola@savagejewellery.com SCANT DESIGN Tel: 072 339 1885 E-mail: as@scant.co.za SCARAB JEWELLERY STUDIO CC Tel no: 021 683 4646 E-mail: janine@scarabjewellery.co.za; tanya@scarabjewellery.co.za Website: www.scarabjewellery.co.za SEA & SHORE Tel: 082 742 5343 E-mail: seashore.resin@gmail.com SERAGLIO JEWELLERS Tel no: 011 783 8301 E-mail: rolling.albert@yahoo.com Website: www.seragliojewellers.com

SURITA DU TOIT FINE JEWELLERY (PTY) LTD Tel: 082 779 7084 E-mail: info@suritadutoit.com TASHA SWART CREATIONS Tel: 082 523 9982 E-mail: tashaswart.creations@gmail.com THATO RADEBE JEWELLERY E-mail: thato@thatoradebejewellery.co.za Website: https://thatoradebejewellery.co.za/ THE BERA DIAMOND ACADEMY Tel no: 011 854 4556 E-mail: mmbera@gmail.com; muhammad.bera@absa.co.za Website: http://www.benefittohumanity.com/

E-mail: info@themakerycollection.com Website: www.themakerycollection.com THE PLATINUM INCUBATOR Tel no: 014 597 0736 E-mail: sibongile@tpi.org.za Website: www.tpi.org.za TINSEL GALLERY Tel no: 011 782 4051 E-mail: geraldine@tinsel.co.za Website: https://tinselgallery.com/ TIP TOP JEWELLERS Tel no: 044 873 3048 E-mail: tiptop@lantic.net TRIMALCHIO Tel no: 012 346 6874 E-mail: casanra@mweb.co.za TRISLO (PTY) LTD Tel no: 012 259 0100 E-mail: info@trislo.co.za Website: www.trislo.co.za TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Tel no: 012 382 6007 E-mail: newmand@tut.ac.za Website: www.tut.ac.za UNCUT JEWELLERS Tel no: 083 225 8221 E-mail: mark@uncutjewellers.co.za Website: www.uncutjewellers.co.za UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG Tel no: 011 559 1129/1125 E-mail: fnazier@uj.ac.za Website: www.uj.ac.za UNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH Tel no: 021 808 3047 E-mail: ct@sun.ac.za; Joani@sun.ac.za Website: www.sun.ac.za/english/faculty/arts/visual-arts/ VAN DEIJL MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS Tel no: 021 914 2192 E-mail: info@vdmj.co.za VAWDA GOLD GEM JEWELLERS Tel no: 031 208 9142/3 E-mail: info@vawdagoldgem.co.za Website: www.vawdagoldgem.co.za VICTORIA ORPEN JEWELLERS Tel no: 011 615 4758 E-mail: victoriaorpensa@gmail.com; roxanne.campbell07@gmail.com VIJAY SHAH CONCEPTS Tel no: 031 564 2948 E-mail: vijayshah@telkomsa.net; nihalshah23@gmail.com Website: www.vijayshahjewellers.co.za VK JEWELLERY Tel no: 082 789 4498 E-mail: vivek@vkjewellery.co.za Website: www.vkjewellery.co.za WAINWRIGHT JEWELLERS Tel no: 021 554 1169 E-mail: info@wainwrightjewel.co.za Website: www.wainwrightjewel.co.za WOOSH DESIGNS JEWELLERY STUDIO Tel no: 011 318 1340 E-mail: wooshen@wooshjewellery.co.za Website: www.wooshjewellery.co.za YOL NOMADIC JEWELLERY Tel no: 074 136 3633 E-mail: yol_lu@yahoo.fr

THE JABULANI CHARITABLE TRUST Tel: 031 303 2396 E-mail: paula@jabulanijewellery.co.za; colleen@jabulanijewellery.co.za

ZION PRECIOUS METALS (PTY) LTD Tel: 010 109 2057 E-mail: compliance@zionpreciousmetals.com; depot@zionpreciousmetals.com

THE JEWELLERY HUB Tel no: 083 326 5746 E-mail: ian@worldofdiamonds.co.za; yolandi@worldofdiamonds.co.za Website: www.worldofdiamonds.co.za

ZULU MIEN Tel: 0823344426 E-mail: zulumien@gmail.com

THE MAKERY Tel no: 082 600 7142

ZUREL BROTHERS SA (PTY) LTD Tel no: 015 293 2306/58 E-mail: zurelpolokwane@telkomsa.net; zurelqms@gmail.com Website: www.zurel.co.za

B R A N D S U PP O R T E R S

Brand supporters ANNA-B JEWELLERY www.annab.co.za orders@annab.co.za 071-843-2452

AFRASIAN DIAMONDS www.afrasiandiamonds.com info@afrasiandiamonds.com (011) 268-6980

AJANTA AFRIKA www.ajantaafrika.com gems@ajanta.co.za (021) 422-4677

BRYTE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED www.brytesa.com natasha.maroun@brytesa.com robyn.lambert@brytesa.com (011) 370-9111

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BYL DIAMONDS www.byldiamonds.com orders@byldiamonds.com (021) 419-2000

ISIKHOVA MEDIA thuli@jewellery.org.za (011) 883-4627

JEWELLERY COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA (JCSA) www.jewellery.org.za lornal@jewellery.org.za (011) 484-5528

JZA – YOUR JEWELLERY MAGAZINE jza@isikhova.co.za (011) 883-4627

Di amon d M an ufac t ur er s , I m p ort er s & E x p ort ers

KRISHA GEMS krishagems.sa@gmail.com 083-275-6106

PICCOLO FINE DESIGNER JEWELLERY www.piccolo-jewellery.co.za info@piccolo-jewellery.co.za 083-396-6178

PRECIOUS METALS TSWANE www.preciousmetalstswane.co.za info@preciousmetalstswane.co.za (012) 035-0260

SM WATCH www.smwatch.co.za smwatch@iafrica.com (012) 326-5996

SA JEWELLERY NEWS - HOLIDAY ISSUE 2024

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