SA Jewellery News (SAJN) • March 2024

SA jewellerynews

WE LOOK AT

Meaningful progress: MineShift 70 years of Vicenzaoro

Back to basics to fix issues

From the JCSA’s office

Design to deliver high quality trade services

Price List 2024 | All prices excluding 15% VAT

CAD DESIGNS

R 450.00 | R 575.00 | R 700.00

Design Changes - R 100.00

WAX

PRINTING

R 0.65/mm3

GOLD CASTINGS

925 | 9ct | 14ct | 18ct | 22ct

Casting Fee Per Flask - Small R160.00 | Medium R 320.00 | Large R 500 |

Sprue-up Fee R 50.00

PLATINUM CASTINGS

PtAu | PtCu R 75.00/g

FINISHING SERVICES

925 | 9ct | 14ct | 18ct | 22ct

Semi-Finishing Fee - R 70.00/g

PtAu | PtCu

Semi-Finishing Fee - R 100.00/g

925 | 9ct | 14ct | 18ct | 22ct

Full Finishing Fee - R 160.00/g | 200.00/g | R 215.00/g | 230.00/g | 250.00/g

PtAu | PtCu

Finishing Fee - R 250.00/g

SETTING SERVICES

From R 35.00/stone |

Removal of Stones R 15.00/stone

info@piccolo-jewellery.co.za | 083 396 6178

contents

8. NEWS

• WFDB commends French government on labgrown term ban

• Priceless treasure trove of Elton John items up for auction

• Botswana assigns US$65 million for stake in Belgian manufacturer

• JCSA recommended practices for lab-grown diamonds

• Cape Precious Metals celebrates 30 years

• MQA jewellery skills development initiatives

13. FROM THE JCSA’S OFFICE

Jewellery Council of SA update

14. MINESHIFT: CELEBRATING AFRICA

On the evening of 4 February 2024, the inaugural MineShift event offered esteemed guests the opportunity to witness Africa’s manufacturing expertise and artisanal excellence through an immersive experience

18. LOOKING FORWARD: SA’S BUDGET 2024

Godongwana teetering on the highwire

22. BACK TO BASICS TO FIX MINING ISSUES

Webber Wentzel’s mining experts stress the need for a clear and action-orientated plan that practically addresses critical, yet fundamental issues

26. 70 YEARS OF VICENZAORO

Vicenzaoro returned from 19-23 January to celebrate its 70th anniversary

28. COVER FEATURE

Harnessing the richness of South Africa

31. EDUCATIONAL INSERT

Coloured stones unearthed: gems recovered from sedimentary rocks

40. DE BEERS EXTENDS PARTNERSHIP TO EMPOWER FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS

The De Beers Group and United Nations (UN) Women have announced a three-year extension of their partnership to empower women entrepreneurs in southern Africa at a ceremony in Gaborone, Botswana

42. BORN IN AFRICA

A comprehensive directory featuring information and contact details of all members of the Jewellery Manufacturing Association of South Africa

Editor: Adri Viviers

Tel: +27 (0)11 883-4627

Cell: 084-261-1805

E-mail: adri@isikhova.co.za

Managing Director: Imraan Mahomed

E-mail: imraanm@isikhova.co.za

Design and layout: Joanne Brook

E-mail: joanne@isikhova.co.za

Operations Director: Thuli Majola

Tel: +27 (0)11 883-4627

E-mail: thuli@isikhova.co.za

Advertising Sales:

Tel: +27 (0)11 883-4627

Cell: 083-450-6052

Copy Editor: Anne Phillips

Distribution: Ruth Dlamini

SA

Website:

IT IS NOT ALWAYS EASY GETTING THE balance right when putting together a trade publication with as many diverse sectors as our own. In an industry which consists of retailers, wholesalers, manufacturers, refineries, watch and clock distributors, mining houses, diamond dealers and diamond grading labs, to name but a few, getting the balance right can be very difficult. Last year, we tried a different approach by dedicating each issue to a specific industry sector. We are not sure whether that was the right solution, but so we learn, through trial and error. At SAJN, we strategise and re-strategise. We are here to serve and support our industry and have to evaluate constantly how to do so better.

We are excited to share some of our ideas with you, from which we hope to receive your feedback. Two years ago, we launched our Cover of the Year competition, as voted for by the SAJN readers. We want to re-introduce the Cover of the Year and also award our local industry’s Newsmaker of the Year and Industry Ambassador of the Year during a cocktail evening where the recipient will receive a prize, as well as a floating trophy.

We also want to introduce a letters section in the magazine, giving you, the

reader, the opportunity to express your ideas and thoughts on the industry, so please share these with us.

We are also in the process of setting up a new website for SAJN and will let you know as soon as it is up and running. You will also see on our social media platforms and in this issue that we are seeking a new advertising sales representative who is dynamic and motivated. If you know of such a professional, please tell them we want to hear from them!

As SAJN celebrates 96 years this year, I have been thinking a lot about what has made it so special over the decades. At least part of it, I believe, is because of our relationship with our readers.

The support our readers have given us over the years has been phenomenal and we will do all we can to keep earning it. Please let us know your ideas or suggestions for the magazine, as we are here to serve and support you, so that we can grow together.

We foresee a new horizon, filled with excitement and success!

Adri Viviers

JCSA’s recommended practices for labgrown diamonds

The Jewellery Council of SA (JCSA) has formulated guidelines for recommended trade practices for laboratory-grown diamonds and has circulated it to all its members. The purpose of the guidelines is to promote consumer confidence by ensuring that consumers receive complete and unambiguous information about what they are buying and to ensure that the jewellery industry’s reputation is safeguarded.

The document was prepared by a group of industry experts with the council’s main source of guidance being the CIBJO Laboratory-Grown Diamonds Guidelines. CIBJO, established in 1926, is the World Jewellery Confederation, the primary international jewellery, gemstones and precious metals association, representing the interests of all individuals, organisations and companies involved in mining, processing, manufacturing and trading these products. The JCSA is a non-executive member of CIBJO.

Industry members should note that it is a working document which will be revised, with consultation, when required. Contact the JCSA at: lornal@jewellery.org.za or: elsad@jewellery.org.za for a copy of the guidelines.

Members are also invited to share their thoughts and suggestions regarding the document.

Jewellery Council releases annual report

The Jewellery Council of SA (JCSA) has released its annual report, which outlines its project successes and plans and campaigns for 2024.

The report can be viewed online at: https://www.jewellery.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/JCSA-Annual-Report-2023.pdf

The council has invited industry members

Priceless treasure trove of Elton John items up for auction

Christie’s presented the iconic property from music legend Elton John’s former Atlanta, USA home in a series of landmark sales at Christie’s Rockefeller Centre. Beginning with an evening sale on 21 February, the series comprised eight sales in total, both live and online. The auctions of this extraordinary collection represented a turning point in the celebrated singer’s personal journey and offered collectors a rare opportunity to own a piece of its rich history.

Over the years, John assembled a distinctive collection of works of art, objects and memorabilia, many of them crafted specifically for his home on Peachtree Road. Fans gained an in-depth look at his deep passion for photographs, which he began

to send questions and ideas which they feel should be addressed this year to CEO Lorna Lloyd at: lornal@jewellery.org.za, Executive PA and Project Manager Elsa da Silva at: elsad@jewellery.org.za or

collecting avidly in the 1990s. Creating a gallery-like atmosphere, he adorned the walls of his residence with pieces by pioneering artists such as Andy Warhol, Helmut Newton, Robert Mapplethorpe, Peter Beard, Herb Ritts and Richard Avedon, among others.

The sale also highlighted a selection of jewellery and fashion pieces from John’s dazzling stage wardrobe, including a noteworthy ivory and gold ensemble designed by Annie Reavey in circa 1971.

Online sales opened for bids on 9 February and closed respectively on 27 February with Elton’s Versace, Honky Château and The Jewel Box. The second day of online sales ended on 28 February with Love and Lust, Elton’s Superstars and Out of the Closet.

(Left, from far left): A Cartier 18ct gold asymmetrical wristwatch with “crash” deployant. Limited edition of 400 pieces; diamond pendantnecklace,”The bitch is back” and a pair of silver leather tall platform boots with red leather letters “E” and “J” on the sides and red and white stripes, worn during numerous performances throughout the 1970s.

Bookkeeper and Administrative Assistant Dante Bertani at: danteb@jewellery.org.za.

Cape Precious Metals celebrates 30 years

Precious metal refinery CPM celebrated its pearl anniversary on 14 February. It specialises in the recycling of precious metals and utilises modern techniques for maximum recovery and returns. It refines all jewellers’ waste, including sweeps, filings, polishings, old jewellery solids and (the little-known) sludge. It also recovers silver from a wide variety of photographic

material, including x-rays.

“We thank all our loyal customers and suppliers for their continuous support throughout the years,” says the refinery.

“Here’s to the next 30 years!”

CPM operates within a socially responsible and sustainable framework and is a member of the JCSA.

WFDB commends French government on lab-grown term ban

The World Federation of Diamond Bourses (WFDB) has commended the French Ministry of Economy & Finance for its decision to ban the use of all terminology other than synthetic for non-natural diamonds. The decision means that the use of the terms “laboratory-grown” or “cultivated diamonds” will not be legal in France.

“We praise the decision of the French government to insist that all stones other than natural diamonds be called ‘synthetic’. This is

an important step in confirming the inherent value of natural diamonds and in enhancing consumer confidence,” said Yoram Dvash, President of the WFDB.

The WFDB, the umbrella organisation of 27 major diamond bourses worldwide, has acted to support the growth of the natural diamond industry. They commended De Beers on its marketing campaign for natural diamonds before the 2023 Christmas holidays.

The WFDB has also partnered with the Natural Diamond Council (NDC) to support the growth of the natural diamond industry. In addition to making an initial financial investment, the bourse is working together with the NDC to identify ways in which the values of natural diamonds can reach more consumers more frequently, through the direct reach of the WFDB, its member bourses and their individual members.

WE'RE HIRING

Isikhova Media is looking for a dynamic and motivated Advertising Sales Representative from the Johannesburg area to sell on our well-established B2B jewellery publications.

The ideal candidate must:

• have reliable transport and a valid driver’s licence as he/she will be expected to visit clients on a daily basis;

• have a minimum of 3-5 years of sales experience;

• be high-energy, positive and have excellent verbal/written communication skills.

The successful candidate will service and maintain existing business while developing a new advertising base.

We offer a basic salary and strong commission compensation package.

If you are a results-driven sales professional, we want to hear from you!

To apply, please send your resumé and a cover letter to jobs@isikhova.co.za

Botswana assigns US$65 million for stake in Belgian manufacturer

Botswana has designated BWP890 million from its new fiscal 2024/25 budget for the purchase of a 24% stake in Belgian manufacturer HB Antwerp.

The deal, which it first announced in March, calls for the African country to supply rough from the state-owned Okavango Diamond Company (ODC) to HB Botswana for five years. The partnership would operate in a similar fashion to HB’s previous supply deal with the Lucara Diamond Corporation, enabling Botswana to retain a share of the polished profits.

Lucara terminated its rough-supply agreement with HB in September, citing a “material breach of financial commitments” by the Belgian manufacturer as the reason for the split. That decision came on the heels of HB’s departure from co-founder and Managing Partner Oded Mansori, whom it has since reinstated to his original role.

There was media speculation late last year that the Botswana government was pressurising Lucara to reconnect with HB and that the split could affect Botswana’s interest in the manufacturer. Lucara owns the Karowe mine in Botswana. The miner has since announced that it plans to form new supply deals with other vendors. – Rapaport

GIA expands with state-of-the-art laboratory in Dubai

The global diamond industry now has a new, state-of-the-art option for meeting the need for science-based diamond grading services. The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) has opened the GIA Laboratory DMCC (Dubai Multi Commodities Centre) in Dubai on 19 February.

“Opening a GIA laboratory in the important global diamond centre of Dubai is a significant step in expanding our services to advance our important consumer protection mission and meet the needs of the industry,” said Tom Moses, GIA Executive Vice-President and Chief Laboratory and Research Officer.

“As an industry leader for research, education and grading, we're delighted that the GIA now becomes an integral part of the new silk route in the global diamond supply chain, further highlighting the strategic role Dubai plays within it,” said Ahmed bin Sulayem, DMCC Executive Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer. “The establishment of the GIA DMCC Laboratory at Uptown Tower adds significant value not only for our free zone members, but also for the wider industry, particularly when it comes to speeding up cycle times.”

The new GIA location will be limited to servicing only clients operating in the Dubai free trade zones and cannot accept submissions from other locations in Dubai, but will soon be able to accept intake from other countries. Services performed in Dubai will be for D-to-Z diamonds weighing up to 3,99ct.

Clients must have a reserved and approved appointment prior to submission. For further details and to make an appointment, please e-mail: dubailab@gia.edu.

Located in a custom-designed space on two floors in a premier location in the newly constructed Uptown Tower and operating under the Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC) authority, the GIA Laboratory DMCC is designed for maximum efficiency.

MQA jewellery skills development initiatives

The Mining Qualification Authority (MQA) has requested the JCSA’s assistance in encouraging jewellers to develop skills programmes for the jewellery industry.

“No participation from the sector will result in no new programmes and the old programmes will be deleted from SAQA at the end of June 2024,” the council stated. “We therefore can’t express enough how important this is for the jewellery industry.”

Interested parties are requested to contact Thandabantu Mpungose (ThandabantuM@ mqa.org.za) and copy Faldilah Garrett (Faldilah@cbasfacilitation.com).

Below is a list of the programmes which the MQA is planning to develop or has already started developing. The authority needs technical experts to attend these sessions.

Jewellery sector:

• Castings cleaner

The members of the Diamond Dealers Club of South Africa Comprises of South Africa’s leading diamond manufacturers, dealers in diamonds and precious stones and jewellers.

WHAT DOES ALL THIS MEAN TO YOU?

• Basic jewellery manufacturer

• Jewellery design, quoting and pricing

• Gemstone grader

• Lapidary

• Jewellery mould-maker

• Tube gemstone-setter

• Channel gemstone-setter

• Pavé gemstone-setter

• Casting mould-maker

• Wax injector

•

•

•

Africa’s Premier Jewellery and Watch Showcase

DATES: Sunday, 8th September & Monday, 9th September 2024

VENUE: The Wanderers Club, 21 North Street, Illovo, Johannesburg

BOOKINGS: elsad@jewellery.org.za or lornal@jewellery.org.za

Jewellery Council of SA update

IN 2023, ARISING OUT of the Jewellery Council’s need to become more financially viable, increase its resources and become more sustainable, the board embarked on a restructuring process.

As government already recognises the Jewellery Council as the representative body and voice of our industry, our continued existence is crucial for the role we will be required to play in the many legislative changes in the pipeline that will be affecting our sector.

The council must have the capacity to direct and drive policy change to improve the dire situation in our industry in areas relating to SARS, the SADPMR, the Precious Metals Act, labour issues and employment equity laws, the DRC, FICA and others.

We are in the process of increasing the scope of the council to incorporate a broader selection of companies into its membership base.

To provide members with the most efficient and professional services, the council must increase its staffing resources, as well as invest in expert legal, tax and other advice. This will require significant additional funding.

In this regard, the council has increased its fees substantially, but instead of charging an annual fee, we have introduced a monthly membership fee.

We are in the process of consulting members in this regard.

The Jewellery Council published its annual

report of 2023 and plans for 2024 earlier this year, both of which are available on our website: www.jewellery.org.za.

The most important conversations we have had with members over the past months have related to the Domestic Reverse Charge (DRC) and submissions to government to exclude insurance companies from this legislation, as well as to remove the exclusion of “goods produced from raw materials” by any “holder” from the regulations.

We have assisted members to become compliant with the FIC Act. To date, an inadequately low number of entities in the jewellery industry have submitted their Risk and Compliance Returns (RCRs) and jewellers have

been urged to get their houses in order or face administrative sanction notices from the FIC.

Recently, the council approached SARS regarding VAT refunds for sales of jewellery to tourists. We addressed the issue of the additional goalposts set by the new VAT Refund Agency requiring additional documentation to be submitted to qualify for claims.

The Jewellery Council has formulated guidelines for recommended trade practices for laboratory-grown diamonds, the purpose of which is to promote consumer confidence and to ensure that the jewellery industry’s reputation is safeguarded. The document was drafted by a group of industry experts and our main source of guidance were the CIBJO Laboratory-Grown Diamond Guidelines.

The guidelines, which were circulated to the industry, were published in February and are available on request.

Any association is only ever as strong as the total sum of its members. We therefore encourage you to participate in and make use of the opportunities offered by the Jewellery Council. We welcome and encourage members to take the initiative to work with the council to get the most out of the relationship.

For more information on the council, its activities and how to become a part of a responsible jewellery community, contact us on tel: 011-484-5528, e-mail us on: admin@jewellery.org.za or visit our website at: www.jewellery.org.za.

Lorna Lloyd, Chief Executive Officer

MineShift: Earth to Art

AFRICA, WHICH HAS ABUNDANT NATURAL beauty and resources, has long been the treasure trove of the world’s most coveted minerals. Extracting these minerals through mining enables a wealth of opportunity for the continent, its economy and its people.

Beyond mining, Africa is equally abundant in manufacturing expertise and artisanal excellence – transforming these precious minerals into world-class jewellery, investment products, art and more. Embracing this potential offers Africa the chance to elevate the value of its minerals through beneficiation.

The inaugural MineShift event was hosted by leading local refinery and beneficiator of precious metals, MetCon and bespoke

During February, the inaugural MineShift event offered esteemed guests the opportunity to witness Africa’s manufacturing expertise and artisanal excellence through an immersive experience at one of Cape Town’s most exclusive locations – the Zeitz MOCAA Museum of Contemporary Art.

(Above): Minister Gwede Mantashe (Above): Jewellery by Uwe Koetter

MEANINGFUL PROGRESS

jewellery brand, Gina White. Key partners to the event included Absa, Amplify Africa, Anglo American, Brinks, the De Beers Group, StoneX and the SA Diamond and Precious Metals Regulator.

MineShift was created with the purpose of celebrating the artistry and innovation of African jewellers, artists and manufacturers, offering a platform that underscores the craftsmanship and talent of the industry, promoting the expansion and advancement of beneficiation in Africa. The exclusive one-night-only event blended enjoyment, art, influential networking and a deep commitment to meaningful progress.

The evening included interactive live jewellery-making demonstrations featuring gold and diamonds from Africa. Guests could learn about the complete jewellery-crafting process and some could even try their hand at finishing a piece.

Guests could engage with a dazzling display of art in the form of jewellery, sculptures and wealth products, all demonstrating the potential of Africa’s gold, platinum, silver, diamonds and gems. This included pieces from BEN & Co, Bullion Mint & Refinery, De Beers Shining Light Awards, the Free State, Gina White, Jack Friedman’s Treasures of Africa, Janine Binneman, MetCon, Nebü, Nic Bladen, Nkulu, Patrick Mavros, The Platinum Incubator, PlatAfrica, Platandia, Prins & Prins, StoneX, Uwe Koetter and Vijay Shah Concepts.

Every detail from the dining menu to the artisanal refreshments and special AI animated integrations offered a unique, immersive experience, inspired by the theme “Earth to Art”.

The evening also marked a special moment in history. The SA Diamond and Precious Metals Regulator launched the

Every product on display here isn’t just made in Africa – it’s the embodiment of African excellence. The items are extraordinary, world-class and deserve to be celebrated alongside our miners.

(Above): Grant Crosse

(Above): Gina White

Gina White Collection

SA Platinum Centenary Commemoration, celebrating 100 years since famed geologist Dr Hans Merensky discovered the Platinum Group Metals deposits in the Bushveld Igneous Complex in 1924.

MineShift brought together business, SMMEs, government, artists and industry influencers – all sharing in the vision to elevate Africa’s resources.

Grant Crosse stressed the importance of a downstream economy and elevating Africa’s resources before they leave our continent. “We need to believe in local value-added products so that we can bring these jobs home to Africa and support economic growth,” he said.

MEANINGFUL PROGRESS

He added that the work on display that evening was proof that Africa could do more with its minerals. “Every product on display here isn’t just made in Africa – it’s the embodiment of African excellence. The items are extraordinary, world-class and deserve to be celebrated alongside our miners,” he said.

Gina White, founder of the Gina White Collection, shared insights into the impact of jewellery on the industry and the lives of the jewellers who created it. “In a world where mass production and uniformity often overshadow the unique and the handcrafted, these demonstrations serve as a powerful reminder of the artistry and dedication that underpin every intricate detail. As we watch the artisans at work, shaping precious metals

and setting glistening stones, we’re invited to appreciate not only the final creations, but also the labour of love and expertise that bring them into being,” she said.

Minister of the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Gwede Mantashe, also took to the stage, encouraging enterprises to invest in the many possibilities of adding value to the continent’s resources, such as platinum, gold and diamonds. “We must mine, we must produce and add value here and not wait to go somewhere else to succeed,” he said.

MineShift was a key starting point in shifting mindsets for the future of Africa’s minerals, allowing all Africans to share in the riches of our continent.

In a world where mass production and uniformity often overshadow the unique and the handcrafted, these demonstrations serve as a powerful reminder of the artistry and dedication that underpin every intricate detail.

Nebü Nic Bladen Janine Binneman

MetCon

Patrick Mavros

BEN & Co

SA’s Budget Speech 2024: Godongwana teetering on the highwire

The 2024 Budget Speech presented by Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana painted a picture of cautious optimism amid lingering challenges. While acknowledging the calls for fiscal discipline, the budget demonstrated a commitment to

both stabilising the debt burden and addressing critical social needs.

JOON CHONG, PARTNER AT WEBBER WENTZEL, outlines the key takeaways from the 2024 Budget Speech with a forward-looking lens:

Fiscal consolidation: A balancing act

The budget prioritises reining in the ballooning deficit, aiming to reduce it from 4,9% to 3,3% of GDP by 2026/27. This commendable ambition comes with a balancing act. Non-interest expenditure is slated for an R80,6 billion reduction, raising concerns about potential impacts on crucial public services. However, the allocation of 60% of non-interest spending to the social wage, alongside increased funding for critical sectors like healthcare and education, signals a commitment to social justice.

Debt relief and infrastructure development: A legal dance

The proposed amendments to the Gold and Foreign Exchange Contingency Reserve Account and the R2 billion grant for smart pre-paid meters showcase government’s willingness to leverage innovative financial instruments and technology to address

infrastructural challenges. However, the legality and effectiveness of these measures will depend on their meticulous design and implementation, adhering to strict legal frameworks and ensuring accountability.

Taxation: Balancing revenue needs and equity

The proposed tax increases, particularly on alcohol, tobacco and vapes, aim to raise R15 billion in additional revenue. While understandable in the current fiscal climate, these measures raise concerns about potential regressivity and their impact on lower-income groups. The legality of these measures will hinge on their compliance with constitutional principles of fairness and non-discrimination.

Looking forward: A legal lens on sustainable growth

The budget’s emphasis on renewable

energy, green incentives and public-private partnerships signals a recognition of the need for sustainable and inclusive growth. However, legal clarity and a robust regulatory framework remain crucial for attracting private-sector investment and ensuring the legitimacy and effectiveness of these initiatives.

The 2024 budget navigates a complex landscape of economic challenges and social imperatives. While its commitment to fiscal discipline and social investment is commendable, it is crucial to carefully consider the legal implications to ensure success. By adhering to sound legal principles and promoting open and accountable implementation, South Africa can navigate these financial realities and pave the way for a more equitable and sustainable future.

The proposed amendments to the Gold and Foreign Exchange Contingency Reserve Account and the R2 billion grant for smart pre-paid meters showcase government’s willingness to leverage innovative financial instruments and technology to address infrastructural challenges.

DID YOU KNOW?

Interesting facts

 On 13 October 2010, 33 miners in northern Chile were rescued after spending more than two months underground. The copper and gold mine collapsed on 5 August and they were trapped for 69 days – nearly half a mile underground

The “Welcome Stranger” was the largest gold nugget ever found, weighing 2 315,5 troy ounces when it was discovered in Moliagul, Australia in 1869.

John and Daniel Murphy arrived in the Sierra Nevada in 1848 and struck gold within days. In a year, they mined $1,5 million worth of the precious metal, about $40 million today. (The town of Murphys, California, is named for them today.)

 Gold is a "noble" metal, meaning that it does not rust or lose its shine. Other noble metals include ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, mercury, rhenium and copper.

 As of 2022, the mining industry contributed R493,8 billion to the country's GDP and employed a total of 475 561 people.

 The mines of Paris (French: carrières de Paris – "quarries of Paris") comprise a number of abandoned, subterranean mines under the city, connected by galleries. Exploring the mines is prohibited by the prefecture and penalised with large fines. Despite restrictions, Paris's former mines are frequently toured by urban explorers known popularly as cataphiles.

 Modern electronic devices such as smartphones and computers use more than 35 different minerals to function properly. As you hold your smartphone, you are grasping some of the world’s most precious mineral resources in your hands: gold, silver, copper, tellurium, lithium, cobalt, manganese, tungsten and zinc are just a few essentials in the mix.

 One gram of gold can be flattened down to a square metre sheet, which is so thin that light passes through it. Because of this it has been used as a protective film on visors in space suits.

DID YOU KNOW?

 Painite holds the Guinness World Record for the rarest mineral – and gemstone – on earth. Discovered in 1951 in Myanmar, there were only two more specimens unearthed up until 2001. Today, fewer than 1 000 of the precious stones have been found, despite two dedicated mines in Myanmar. Considered the ‘Holy Grail’ of rare gemstones, it is valued at US$50 000-60 000 per carat.

 Uranium is the heaviest of all the naturally occurring elements. Its most common isotope, uranium 238, has a nucleus containing 92 protons and 146 neutrons. It was discovered by Martin Klaproth (Germany) in 1789, who named it after the planet Uranus, which had been discovered just eight years previously.

 In 2014, platinum industry workers went on a strike that lasted five months. It was the longest strike in the history of South African mining.

The Minerals Council SA has 73 members. representing 90% of the country's mineral production that was valued at R1,1 trillion in 2023.

 Located near Salt Lake City in Utah, USA, the Bingham Canyon Mine is the world’s deepest man-made open-pit excavation site. Spanning an immense 4,5 km wide and 1,2 km deep, the mine is so large that it can be seen from outer space.

 Industrial-scale mining in South Africa began in the 1850s with the establishment of the first copper mine.

 The birthstone of March is aquamarine. The largest and most important commercial producer of gem-quality aquamarine is undoubtedly Brazil. Mines in the states of Bahia, Espirito Santo, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceara and Minas Gerais have yielded aquamarines for 300 years. More than 20 active aquamarine sources are in operation across Brazil. The name "aquamarine" is derived from a combination of two Latin words: aqua, meaning "water", and marina, meaning "the sea" (ie the colour of the sea).

 The Bagger 288 excavator (Built by Krupp, now ThyssenKrupp) is the world's largest land vehicle and was designed to work in open-pit coal mines in Germany. If it crosses a highway, as it has done on rare occasions, the roadway must be fully rebuilt as the sheer weight crushes the cement and anything else in its path.

The Big Hole of Kimberly was dug by hand, using picks and shovels.

Back to basics to fix mining issues

Webber Wentzel’s mining experts stress the need for a clear and action-orientated plan that practically addresses critical, yet fundamental issues and say that Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy Gwede Mantashe must address key areas of concern.

THIS YEAR MARKS THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY of the implementation of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (MPRDA), the keystone legislation governing mining in South Africa. Despite the promise of transformation, increased investment, growth of subsidiary industries and wider exploration, poor implementation of the MPRDA and policy uncertainty over the past two decades have resulted in a gradual tapering-off of investment in the mining industry in SA. Mining's contribution to GDP has accordingly fallen dramatically, with concomitant negative consequences for, among others, the growth of the economy, the fiscus and employment opportunities. Investors are withholding their investments for exploration, mine expansions and the development of new mines.

Webber Wentzel’s mining experts stress the need for a clear and action-orientated plan that practically addresses critical, yet fundamental issues and want Minister

of Mineral Resources and Energy Gwede Mantashe to address key areas of concern.

Consequences of poor policy implementation

While noting some recent positive changes to the mining environmental laws, a perpetual problem we see is inconsistent policy implementation. Over the past three years, numerous policy statements have been made, but not implemented. These include the critical exploration policy and the much-anticipated mining cadastre system lauded by the minister. President Cyril Ramaphosa reiterated the matter in his address at last year’s Mining Indaba. However, 12 months later, nothing appears to have been done about the required administrative changes within the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE).

According to Mantashe, the implementation of the new cadastre system has been imminent for months,

yet the DMRE has only very recently announced the appointment of the winning bidding consortium which will build the new system. While this is a welcome announcement after previously missed deadlines, action and proper implementation of it are now essential. At a minimum, if the minister could roll out a reliable and efficient licensing system, major issues would be resolved. This lack of delivery and inconsistent policy application is certainly a risk factor in the minds of investors.

While Mantashe has responded to concerns about the DMRE’s lack of capacity by saying that hundreds of applications have been processed for mining permits, etc, there is little evidence of progress in addressing the administrative challenges, which is concerning for the development of new mines. There is minimal progress, but also no discernible co-ordination within the presidency, the DMRE and the Department

of Trade, Industry and Competition –something which urgently needs to be addressed. It would be encouraging to hear of (and witness in action) plans for the capacitation of the DMRE health and safety inspectorate, particularly in matters relating to full and proper investigations into work-related fatalities, which sorely require clear and consistent procedural processes, timelines and delivery on outcomes. This approach will not only drive real learning from accidents across the industry, but also enable the fair and just accountability of responsible persons.

However, there does seem to be movement around the MPRDA, with plans to introduce a Bill this year with proposed changes to the Act. Yet with Parliament set to be dissolved with the upcoming election, it is unlikely to result in a substantive amendment, as legislation generally does not go through in an election year. Additionally, there are real concerns about whether amendments will be business-friendly or simply create more red tape and difficulty for the industry, resulting in a hostile environment for foreign direct investment. There has also been very little movement on the finalisation of the amendments to the Mine Health and Safety Act since the closure of the period for public comments in July 2022.

Ultimately, we cannot stick to the old ways of doing things. To encourage exploration, it is essential to create a more accessible system that invites investment in SA. This can be achieved by providing certainty on the country’s future mining legislation.

Poor policy implementation has a direct impact on the “investability” of a jurisdiction. As our neighbouring countries become increasingly attractive for investment, particularly with the rising demand for critical minerals, SA must swiftly address its shortcomings. As a start, it is imperative that we review our regulatory environment and enact market-leading legislation that will encourage investment in this country.

Increased investment will quickly drive growth in SA’s GDP, financial flows to the fiscus, employment opportunities, SMME growth and development and numerous other multipliers empowering government to pursue its transformational agenda. Stifling the industry with ever more onerous regulations and inconsistent policy implementation renders the SA mining industry uninvestable. The money, as it has already done for many years, will simply flow elsewhere, no matter how attractive we believe our mineral endowment to be.

SA cannot afford to persist with a system that clearly negatively impacts investment in the industry and the country. If we are going to get this country back on a positive trajectory and increase GDP, we need to do whatever we can to get the mining industry back on its feet. It is the one place where we can increase foreign investment and earnings, and quickly increase employment opportunities.

A high-functioning mining industry, as opposed to a fiscally stretched and regulatoryburdened one, can work collaboratively with government to create an environment in which all elements of our society benefit.

A high-functioning mining industry, as opposed to a fiscally stretched and regulatoryburdened one, can work collaboratively with government to create an environment in which all elements of our society benefit.

Energy

The DMRE is to be commended for its 2021 amendment of the Electricity Regulation Act, which exempts electricity generators of any size that sell electricity to mines and other private sector off-takers from the need to obtain a generation licence from the National Energy Regulator of SA. This has enabled the mining industry to procure electricity on a large scale from independent power producers, where Eskom can no longer be relied upon.

The DMRE has also promulgated legislation enabling a proliferation of new electricity traders to enter the SA market, allowing for increasingly flexible energy solutions for the mining industry.

However, it is a big drain on investment in the mining industry in this country that mining companies have to source their own power, necessitating the diversion of hundreds of millions (if not billions) of rand from mining expansions, mine growth, etc.

SA’s constrained transmission grid and a lack of co-ordinated municipal

policies and rules for wheeling electricity through municipal distribution systems are major stumbling blocks. The DMRE has announced its intention to procure privatesector investment in our transmission and distribution grid and this needs to be urgently prioritised. The DMRE also needs to expedite the finalisation and implementation of clear rules on grid allocation and curtailment of electricity generation to create grid capacity in the most grid-constrained parts of SA.

The formulation of the Integrated Resource Plan for electricity generation in SA (IRP2023) has been controversial and, in finalising this plan, the minister should opt for a costeffective, sustainable solution for the country’s electricity needs.

The challenges surrounding the economy, energy, rail, employment and taxation underscore the need for transformative initiatives.

Rail

In the context of rail (particularly freight rail), government has done well in formulating a detailed and coherent new policy, the first critical step to a liberalised rail sector. This is characterised by open/third-party access, the introduction of private train-operating companies on the network and independent economic regulation – all key ingredients of a vibrant and productive freight rail sector. Critical right now are execution and implementation. Good policy is of little value unless it is properly implemented. Time is of the essence. We have already witnessed a failed slot sales pilot project.

Employment

Given the current platinum group metal prices and outlook, the already stagnant employment opportunities may become more limited, or even reduced, with many employers tightening their belts further. The minister should

prioritise job loss prevention, specifically in an election year. He needs to proactively engage with employers and help them attain this goal. Reactive punitive measures will only aggravate the already difficult situation. Given the general strain on the economy, employee dissatisfaction will continue to relate to cash in hand and we may see more work stoppages relating to share scheme payouts and salary increases. A trend of underground sit-ins has developed, with trade unions losing control of their members' conduct in such situations. This year will require proactive co-operation between employers, trade unions and Mantashe to prevent job losses.

Tax

The overall impact of load-shedding and failing infrastructure continues to hamper the collection of tax revenue from commodity sources,

including income tax and mining royalties, as well as value-added and export taxes. Ultimately, the fiscal loss SA sustained by being unable to export coal at a sufficiently rapid rate reduced the fiscal pot by billions. While this has been well documented, the losses continue to be sustained as a result of poor and failing infrastructure that hampers meaningful participation in commodity booms. Improving the infrastructure to allow for efficient and effective exports would greatly reduce the sustained losses suffered by our state coffers.

Mining is also a highly specialised area of industry and with the erosion of capacity from within the ranks of the SA Revenue Service (SARS), much of the up-and-coming commercial and legal mining knowledge was also lost. It would be enormously helpful to have collaborative training and support from the minister to SARS to reinstall some of the mining knowledge.

Minister Mantashe, urgent action is required!

This ranges from regulatory consistency to preparing the DMRE health and safety inspectorate. The challenges surrounding the economy, energy, rail, employment and taxation underscore the need for transformative initiatives. Reforms that will revitalise the industry and lead SA to fiscal stability and economic expansion are essential. Rhetoric is no longer acceptable; real, significant change is required.

THIS YEAR’S VICENZAORO

January marked an important milestone for an event that has remained contemporary for seven decades, where the latest offerings can be discovered and styles and designs explored.

Known as the “Jewellery Boutique Show”, the event anticipated the trends of 2024, providing a unique opportunity for networking and inspiration through meeting the industry’s most cutting-edge designers.

The event, which covered the entire production chain, was held in conjunction with T.GOLD, the international show dedicated to machinery and offering a comprehensive overview of the most advanced manufacturing and processing technologies for the goldsmithing industry.

After the close of the January edition, IEG started significant work on the renovation of the old “spiral” (Hall 2) and Hall 5 to build a new, more functional pavilion that will redesign and expand the exhibition capacity of the district.

Vicenzaoro 1954-2024:

The heritage for tomorrow

The claim of this edition of Vicenzaoro, “The Heritage for Tomorrow”, highlights the event's growth over the years to become one of the world’s most important B2B jewellery fairs. The celebrations will include an exhibition divided into seven stages, one for each decade, tracing the themes, places

Seventy years of Vicenzaoro

Vicenzaoro returned from 19-23 January, celebrating its 70th anniversary.

and personalities that have contributed to Vicenzaoro’s iconic success, from the pibe de oro (“golden kid”), footballing legend Diego Armando Maradona, to former President of the Republic Francesco Cossiga. The appointments of the various editions of Vicenzaoro will also be pieces of the narrative, paying homage to the fair

and the evolution of jewellery, with the involvement of young talents and the in-depth examination of themes such as sustainability, innovation, training and international standards. A celebratory logo characterises all communication, along with online content accessible to the entire community.

From local excellence to global leadership

Over the decades, the fair – born in 1954 from the trade fair of territorial excellence and baptised Vicenzaoro in the 1980s – has built a wealth of relationships, skills and values that have made it the platform of reference for the global industry. Such an important anniversary fully expresses the consolidation of its strategic market leadership and enhances its international reach.

The link with the gold district and the city of Vicenza

Vicenzaoro’s 70th anniversary told the story of the entrepreneurial expression of one of the region’s most important manufacturing sectors and celebrated its fundamental role in its host territory.

The heart of the city is home to numerous realities closely linked to the goldsmith world, including historic goldsmith stores, the Museum of Jewellery and a gold “street” that runs through the centre.

During the days of the fair, the city was the protagonist and voice of this 70th anniversary with a number of “showcases” in the centre that told the story of VO70 and goldsmithing.

Vicenzaoro is the longest-running B2B event in the sector. It is a business, network, training and information platform which is increasingly central to the global gold and jewellery industry agenda, capable of representing the entire supply chain, thanks to the original format of the Jewellery Boutique Show.

Known as the ‘Jewellery Boutique Show’, the event anticipated the trends of 2024, providing a unique opportunity for networking and inspiration through meeting the industry’s most cuttingedge designers.

SA’s Vijay Shah at Vicenzaoro

Multi-award-winning South African jewellery designer and manufacturer Vijay Shah exhibited his latest collection in partnership with leading local refinery MetCon at this year’s Vicenzaoro.

His design included the Afri-Talian range – a reversible pendant and earrings. The inspiration for the design came from Murano and stained glass, renowned for its use in jewellery, glassware, ornaments and windows in Italy. The technique and colours reflect additional inspiration from African Ndebele prints, revealing a unique Afri-Talian fusion. As an added surprise, these reversible earrings boast a different colour palette on each side. Shah’s designs also included an iconic zebra print-inspired brooch called “Idube”.

The pieces were created using Invicon colour technology combined in beautiful South African platinum.

“I seek inspiration from nature and my surroundings,” says Shah. “I continuously strive to improve myself and my design concepts.I find joy in working with colour, as it symbolises passion, joy, growth, abundance and prosperity. Colour has positive energy.”

Invicon’s colour design systems, HyCeram, LuxArt and Luxon, offer a variety of solutions to create spectacular works of art and are available from MetCon.

THE JOURNEY FROM PMT’S INCEPTION TO the present is a testament to the dedication of its talented staff, the loyalty of its clients and a shared vision with relevant stakeholders to create opportunities for employment and creating value through metal beneficiation.

The company expresses deep gratitude for the dedication and hard work of its team and the trust bestowed in it by its clients. Despite the unforeseen challenges the industry faced, such as the impact of Covid-19 and legislative changes, PMT managed to forge ahead, showcasing resilience and adaptability.

In response to the dynamic needs of jewellers and goldsmiths, PMT’s diamond and moissanite dealing encompasses an extensive range of products. In addition to traditional diamonds, the company has expanded its offerings to include lab-grown diamonds and moissanites, from melee (0,8-4 mm) to certified diamonds sourced from local to international laboratories. While coloured stones are not stocked, the company facilitates their acquisition, providing clients with a comprehensive selection. In addition to having access to a variety of stones, PMT offers jewellery manufacturing and findings, making it a one-stop shop for clients.

Jewellery manufacturing at PMT has seen remarkable innovations aimed at making the client’s experience seamless and convenient. New products, such as light, but durable tennis bracelets, have been introduced, ranging from 1,9-4,0 mm mounts in metals such as 9ct and 18ct in white, red and yellow gold. The company has expanded its offerings to include mounts from eternity and solitaire to cluster and halo rings, catering to diverse preferences. The metal office also stocks findings, solder, alloys and more, providing clients everything

Harnessing the richness of South Africa

The vision of Precious Metals Tswane (PMT) to harness the richness of South Africa and create value that enriches the lives of all its citizens through passion, innovation and integrity has seen the company become a beacon of refinement and innovation in the industry of precious metals.

talent, processes and products to beneficiate its products and services. “Our country’s blessed with abundant natural resources and a rich heritage of minerals and talented individuals,” it points out. It actively participates in initiatives that promote SA’s standing in the global market, working towards making the nation a powerhouse in the precious metals industry. It aims to continue investing in local talent and enterprises.

In addition to investing in SA, PMT actively pursues governance excellence in all its processes and practices. Ethical sourcing is not just a practice; it is a commitment that resonates through every aspect of the business. Great care is taken in the “Know Your Customer” and counter-party process and in supplier and client enrolment. PMT understands the importance of ensuring that every step of the supply chain adheres to the highest ethical standards, creating a chain of trust from source to final product.

Its dedication to collaboration, industry partnerships, continuous training and ethical sourcing reflects not only its commitment to excellence, but also its vision for a stronger, more competitive and sustainable precious metals industry. As the company continues to forge ahead, it invites industry players to join hands in a collective effort to uplift, innovate and thrive on the global stage.

from cast-only services to a full offering of design, casting, setting and finishing.

In keeping up with the trends in the industry, PMT also provides its clients with a wide range of minted bars in silver, along with minted medallions in various precious metal options.

“Our trade clients also receive daily updates on metal and mount prices, as well as bi-monthly updates on diamond, moissanite and lab-grown diamond prices and stock lists. This level of transparency and communication aims to offer clients the ultimate convenience in their decision-making process,” says the company.

PMT has always believed in harnessing South African

PMT’s dedication to collaboration, industry partnerships, continuous training and ethical sourcing reflects not only its commitment to excellence, but also its vision for a stronger, more competitive and sustainable precious metals industry.

The Jewellery Council of South Africa is a voluntary, Non Profit Company that represents the interests of Jewellery Manufacturers, Retailers, Refiners, Wholesalers and Service Members.

For further information on membership benefits visit: www.jewellery.org.za

Inquiries: Dante Bertani on danteb@jewellery.org.za

Tel:

5528 • E-mail: admin@jewellery.org.za

Monthly educational insert

Sedimentary rocks such as shale, limestone, and sandstone are among the most common rocks exposed on the earth’s surface (figure 1). In actuality they represent only a thin covering of the crust, which mainly consists of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Despite their relatively insignificant volume, many of the major geologic events in the earth’s history are more accurately documented and age-dated by their scientific study. In addition to having economic deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and certain heavy minerals such as gold and platinum, sedimentary rocks also host important primary and secondary occurrences of many gemstones (Dill, 2018).

The occurrences of gems in sedimentary rocks result from two different geological processes. Opal and turquoise, for example, can form in voids or empty spaces by precipitation from water or mineralized solutions, respectively (figure 2). In contrast, other gems such as diamond and sapphire were weathered out of their original igneous or metamorphic host rocks and then carried away by erosion to be later trapped in sediments. Their hardness and resistance to mechanical abrasion allowed these minerals to be transported and then deposited by moving water to create alluvial or placer gem deposits (figures 3 and 4). Both categories of gems in sediments will be discussed in this column.

Sedimentary Rock Formation

A three-step sequence of geologic processes results in sedimentary rocks forming on or near the earth’s surface. The first step is termed weathering – the physical, chemical, and biological decomposition of preexisting rocks of all kinds to form finer-sized particles. These particles accumulate and compact in geological basins over time to form new sedimentary rocks. Weathering involves the combined actions of air, water, chemical salts and/or solutions, freezing and thawing temperature cycles, and the effects of plants and animals on rocks.

The change in relative abundance of the various minerals from the original rock to the final sedimentary products is a measure of their comparative resistance to weathering. In our Winter 2022 column, titled “Gems Formed in Magmatic Rocks,” we discussed the concept of “Bowen’s reaction series” (figure 7 in Palke and Shigley, 2022). Based on field

Editors’ note: Questions or topics of interest should be directed to Aaron Palke (apalke@gia.edu) or James Shigley (jshigley@gia.edu).

GEMS & GEMOLOGY, VOL. 59, NO. 4, pp. 510–523.

© 2023 Gemological Institute of America

observations of rock relationships and experimental studies of their formation, this concept describes the sequence of formation of the common rock-forming silicate minerals at specific decreasing temperatures from a cooling magma.

In a similar way, geologists have recognized a “mineral dissolution series” of the relative stability (or “resistance to weathering”) of common minerals at the earth’s surface (figure 5). This dissolution series is also based on several other factors, including the extent of bonding of silica tetrahedra in the mineral’s crystal structures, as well as the relative resistance of their chemical elements to leaching by water. Minerals that are

Figure 2 (left). The gems shown here formed in sediments by the evaporation of water or from mineralized solutions (amber is solidified tree resin). From left to right and top to bottom: 59.88 ct turquoise, Turkey; 75.30 ct chrysoprase, Queensland, Australia; 67.79 ct malachite, Democratic Republic of Congo; 19.56 ct opal, Brazil; 14.67 ct amber, Poland; and 28.14 ct rhodochrosite, Argentina. Composite image by Robert Weldon.

Figure 1. Sedimentary rocks are among the most common rocks exposed on the earth’s surface. This image shows multicolored sandstone layers known as “The Wave” that have been eroded and sculpted by winds to form a swirling pattern of rock strata in the Coyotes Buttes North wilderness area along a portion of the Arizona/Utah border. Photo by Greg Bulla.

Figure 3 (right). Alluvial gems that can more commonly be found in sediments. From left to right and top to bottom: 16.94 ct grossular, Tanzania; 9.72 ct jadeite, Myanmar; 13.52 ct spinel, Sri Lanka; 4.86 ct sapphire, Myanmar; 4.43 ct rhodolite, Tanzania; 2.53 ct rhodolite, Tanzania; and 2.21 ct ruby, Myanmar. Composite image by Robert Weldon.

more resistant to weathering and dissolution are more likely to be retained in sedimentary environments and concentrated in alluvial deposits. The next step is erosion – the process by which solid or dissolved products are transported various distances from the weathering site and are eventually deposited elsewhere as loose, unconsolidated sediments. Erosion acts to lower the overall topography of the land surface. Flowing water is the most important transporting agent for sediments, which can result in the breakage, abrasion, chemical alteration or dissolution, and sorting by size and/or shape of rock fragments and particles. This transport occurs when the velocity of the water overcomes the downward pull of gravity, and the water moves the suspended material. Sediments can also be transported by winds (as volcanic ash or fine-grained sand), by the movement of glacial ice, and by gravity (downslope sliding) – these situations, however, are less important for the creation of alluvial gem deposits.

After the deposition of sediments, the final step is termed lithification. Sedimentary rocks form when layers or accumulations of clay, silt, sand, and other deposited materials

are compacted and cemented by the weight of overlying rocks (figure 6). Before, during, and after lithification, sedimentary rocks undergo physical and chemical changes due to heating, compaction, and reaction with groundwater. Biological agents, including small animals or microbial bacteria, can also be important, as can chemical agents brought in by flowing water or heated hydrothermal solutions. These changes are collectively called diagenesis, and they can be described as grading into a low temperature and pressure form of metamorphism. Textural changes, including compaction and loss of pore space and trapped water, recrystallization, and the changing of fine-grained rocks into coarser ones, are all forms of diagenesis. During recrystallization, secondary minerals may precipitate in open spaces, and mineral cements such as calcite, silica, and hematite may develop – consequently, rocks become more resistant to erosion. With increasing burial conditions, sedimentary rocks become even more compacted as they are exposed to higher temperatures and pressures, which also results in the solid-state precipitation of low-grade

R ESISTANCE OF M INERALS TO WEATHERING

Most weathering resistant

Least weathering resistant

Primary minerals

Zircon

Rutile

Tourmaline

Ilmenite

Garnet

Quartz

Epidote

Titanite

Muscovite

K-feldspar

Plagioclase

Hornblende

Chlorite

Augite

Biotite

Serpentine

Volcanic glass

Apatite

Olivine

Secondary minerals

Anatase

Gibbsite

Hematite

Goethite

Kaolinite

Clay minerals

Calcite

Gypsum

Pyrite

Halite

Figure 4. Alluvial gems that are less often found loose in sediments. From left to right and top to bottom: 14.41 ct andalusite, Brazil; 18.50 ct sinhalite, Sri Lanka; 13.00 ct sphene, Madagascar; 11.19 ct kornerupine, Sri Lanka; 2.62 ct sillimanite, Sri Lanka; 3.20 ct zoisite, Tanzania; 2.77 ct kyanite, Madagascar; 1.68 ct sapphirine, Sri Lanka; 0.29 ct grandidierite, Sri Lanka; and 1.23 ct taaffeite, Sri Lanka. Composite image by Robert Weldon.

Figure 5. A listing of various primary and secondary minerals and their relative resistance to weathering when exposed at or near the earth’s surface. Resistant minerals toward the top of the list are more likely to be preserved in sedimentary rocks. From Birkeland (1999).

metamorphic minerals such as chlorite. This sequence of changes by which sedimentary rocks form are described here as separate geological processes, but in actuality they merge into one another with no sharp boundaries between them.

Sandstone forms from quartz-rich sediments, whereas shale forms from those rich in clays. Limestone forms when calcite and aragonite precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium, or it forms from the accumulation of corals and shells on the sea floor. Compaction of mixtures of pebbles or fragments results in a conglomerate. Most sedimentary rocks contain predominantly quartz, calcite, and/or various clay minerals. Fossil plants and animals are found in sedimentary rocks which have experienced conditions favorable for their long-term preservation.

Sedimentary Rock Classifi cation

The nature of a sedimentary rock depends both on the source supply of the sediment as well as the depositional environment in which it formed (including continental, marine, and transitional

settings involving water) (figure 7). Most sedimentary rocks can be divided into several groups based on mineral compositions and geologic formation mechanisms.

Clastic rocks are composed of rock fragments of varying sizes that are cemented together. When transported by moving agents such as water or wind, sediments often become sorted by particle size before lithifi cation. These rocks include shale, claystone, mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate, with the difference between them being the increasing size of the particles from less than a millimeter to larger than a few centimeters. Most gem minerals discussed here occur in clastic rocks.

Biogenic rocks are formed by accumulations of skeletons of large or microscopic organisms or decomposed plant material. These rocks include limestone, dolostone, chert, diatomite, and coal.

Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed by inorganic constituents dissolved in and later precipitated from solution when it

Figure 6. Weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks produces rock particles and fragments which can be carried into bodies of water where they undergo deposition, compaction, and cementation to form new sedimentary rocks.

evaporates at normal surface temperatures. They include some limestone and dolostone (e.g., travertine), phosphorite, evaporates (such as halite), and banded iron-oxide formations.

Sedimentary Rock Textures

Sedimentary rock formations often display features related to their deposition environment, such as along a river channel or coastline where sediments are deposited. These conditions can result in coarse- or fine-scale layering, banding, or bedding structures. The rocks may also exhibit cross or graded bedding, ripple marks, and mud cracks. Layering, banding, or bedding structures are due to preferential particle orientation and packing, or to the concentration of mineral particles into distinct layers. Folding and faulting of rock layers resulting from local or large-scale deformation can occur after sediment deposition and before or after rock consolidation.

Sedimentary rocks themselves display various textures resulting from the size, shape, and arrangement (packing and orientation) of the constituent particles. Particle size is of particular importance for geologic field studies because it provides information on both the conditions of transportation, sorting, and deposition of the sediment, and the geologic conditions at the deposition site. Particle shape involves the overall shape, roundness or angularity, and surface texture.

Gems Formed in Sedimentary Environments

The formation of gem minerals in sedimentary rocks (table 1, left column; again, see figure 2) can be summarized as follows:

Opal is a hydrated form of amorphous silica produced by the deposition of spherical particles from silica-rich water fl owing through cracks, pores, and voids in sedimentary rocks during hotter months as the water itself evaporates. The process is repeated over long periods of time, with the silica particles settling out over time by gravity. These tiny particles arrange themselves into regular layered structures, and they range from about 150 to 400 nanometers in diameter. Opal can produce a “play of colors” appearance by light diffraction. Both gem and non-gem opal occur widely, with the most important sedimentary deposits being in Australia (Rey, 2013; Liesegang and Milke, 2014; Hsu et al., 2015). Fire opal forms by leaching followed by deposition of silica from water moving through cavities in porous volcanic rocks. Other opal sources include Ethiopia, Hungary, Mexico, and Nevada in the United States.

Turquoise is a hydrated copper phosphate that can form in more than one way. One process begins with copper sulfi de

ore minerals (such as chalcopyrite or bornite) being deposited by higher-temperature hydrothermal solutions to form a mineralized rock. The turquoise forms later when meteoric waters percolate through this rock, and dissolved oxygen in the water reacts with sulfi de minerals to produce soluble copper sulfates. The resulting acidic, copper-containing solution reacts with aluminum and potassium minerals in a host rock to produce turquoise that fi lls veins, seams, or fractures, sometimes forming nodular masses. It was among the fi rst gem minerals to be mined, beginning more than 2000 years ago in Egypt (Ovissi et al., 2017; Ardekani et al., 2020; Shirdam et al., 2021). Important current sources include Argentina, Armenia, Australia, China, Iran, Mexico, and the United States.

Chalcedony forms in volcanic rocks that contain gas cavities, which can then be partially or completely filled with cryptocrystalline silica material that precipitates from volcanic fluids from the walls of the cavity inward. Thus, most chalcedony is not considered a gem that forms in sediments. The one exception is the green chrysoprase variety, which forms as veins, fracture fillings, and nodules in sediments due to the weathering at shallow depths of nickel-bearing serpentinite rocks that are rich in iron and magnesium (Shigley et al., 2009; Sachanbiński et al., 2023). Chalcedony occurrences are found in many localities.

Malachite and azurite are copper carbonate hydroxides that precipitate from hydrothermal fl uids in fractures or underground spaces as secondary gems, followed by surface weathering and oxidation of a copper ore body. The two mineral aggregations form botryoidal, reniform, fi brous, or stalagmitic masses, with azurite sometimes also occurring as crystals. Malachite can display internal banding patterns. Both

Figure 7. Common geological environments where sedimentary rocks form and where alluvial gem minerals can be concentrated.

minerals have been used since antiquity as mineral pigments for decorative purposes, and both are mined by open pit and from underground workings. The major current source of malachite is the Democratic Republic of the Congo, while the less common azurite comes from various localities (Cook, 2001; Kampunzu et al., 2009; El Desouky et al., 2010; De Putter et al., 2010; Papineau, 2020).

Rhodochrosite is a less common manganese carbonate mineral that is found as distinct crystals or massive fracture- or veinfillings associated with some ore deposits. Larger transparent crystals are sometimes faceted as gems. In a few localities, the mineral forms from dripping water which creates stalactites and stalagmites (Marquez-Zavalia and Craig, 2022).

Turquoise is a hydrated copper phosphate that can form in more than one way. One process begins with copper sulfide ore minerals (such as chalcopyrite or bornite) being deposited by higher-temperature hydrothermal solutions to form a mineralized rock. The turquoise forms later when meteoric waters percolate through this rock, and dissolved oxygen in the water reacts with sulfide minerals to produce soluble copper sulfates. The resulting acidic, copper-containing solution reacts with aluminum and potassium minerals in a host rock to produce turquoise that fills veins, seams, or fractures, sometimes forming nodular masses. It was among the first gem minerals to be mined, beginning more than 2000 years ago in Egypt (Ovissi et al., 2017; Ardekani et al., 2020; Shirdam et al., 2021). Important current sources include Argentina, Armenia, Australia, China, Iran, Mexico, and the United States.

of sedimentation. Instead, it involved physical and chemical changes associated with diagenesis and possibly the action of circulating hydrothermal solutions to introduce the necessary components for gem mineral formation.

Rhodochrosite is a less common manganese carbonate mineral that is found as distinct crystals or massive fracture- or vein-fillings associated with some ore deposits. Larger transparent crystals are sometimes faceted as gems. In a few localities, the mineral forms from dripping water which creates stalactites and stalagmites (Marquez-Zavalia and Craig, 2022).

Gems Found in, but Not Formed in, Sedimentary Deposits

Amber is not a mineral but an organic fossilized resin that was exuded as a sticky substance from the bark of certain trees. Pieces of resin that dropped to the ground became covered by soil. When the trees fell, the resin-containing logs were carried by rivers and tides to coastal regions where they were buried by sediments. Due to the compression pressures and elevated temperatures from the overlying sediments, the pieces of resin were compacted and transformed over geologic time, first to copal and then to amber. While long used as a gem material, amber is important for the science of paleontology since it preserves a wide variety of animal and plant matter (Grimaldi, 2003; Penny, 2010; Ross, 2010). Amber is widely distributed in rocks of Cretaceous age or younger. Historically, the southern coast of the Baltic Sea extending from Poland to Latvia has been the world’s leading source of this material. Myanmar and the Dominican Republic are other current amber sources (Wolfe et al., 2009; Weitschat and Wichard, 2010; Leelawatanasuk et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2020).

Chalcedony forms in volcanic rocks that contain gas cavities, which can then be partially or completely filled with cryptocrystalline silica material that precipitates from volcanic fluids from the walls of the cavity inward. Thus, most chalcedony is not considered a gem that forms in sediments. The one exception is the green chrysoprase variety, which forms as veins, fracture fillings, and nodules in sediments due to the weathering at shallow depths of nickelbearing serpentinite rocks that are rich in iron and magnesium (Shigley et al., 2009; Sachanbiński et al., 2023). Chalcedony occurrences are found in many localities.

Malachite and azurite are copper carbonate hydroxides that precipitate from hydrothermal fluids in fractures or underground spaces as secondary gems, followed by surface weathering and oxidation of a copper ore body. The two mineral aggregations form botryoidal, reniform, fibrous, or stalagmitic masses, with azurite sometimes also occurring as crystals. Malachite can display internal banding patterns. Both minerals have been used since antiquity as mineral pigments for decorative purposes, and both are mined by open pit and from underground workings. The major current source of malachite is the Democratic Republic of the Congo, while the less common azurite comes from various localities (Cook, 2001; Kampunzu et al., 2009; El Desouky et al., 2010; De Putter et al., 2010; Papineau, 2020).

While being described here as “forming” in sediments, the occurrence of these gem minerals is not directly the result

Gems that formed in sedimentary environments

Amber, chalcedony (agate), chrysocolla, chrysoprase, malachite, opal, rhodochrosite, smithsonite, turquoise

The second category of gems occurring in sedimentary environments are those that formed originally in igneous and metamorphic rocks (again, see figures 3 and 4). After these host rocks weathered, their abrasion-resistant gems were transported and are found deposited along current and former stream and river channels, either in loose or more compacted sediments. These gem minerals were formed elsewhere and were transported and concentrated by moving water and other geological processes. A placer deposit is a natural concentration of heavy minerals in secondary sediments caused by the effect of gravity on moving particles. Alluvial or placer mineral deposits have been mined since ancient times. Because they occur at the earth’s surface, they were likely one of the earliest known types of economic ore deposit. They could be worked using simple traditional tools, and the deposits would provide an almost immediate economic reward to the miners. They continue to be significant sources of valuable metals such as gold and platinum (Ibrahim et al., 2020; Nikiforova, 2021; Cabri et al., 2022; Torvela et al., 2022).

Amber is not a mineral but an organic fossilized resin that was exuded as a sticky substance from the bark of certain trees. Pieces of resin that dropped to the ground became covered by soil. When the trees fell, the resin-containing logs were carried by rivers and tides to coastal regions where they were buried by sediments. Due to the compression pressures and elevated temperatures from the overlying sediments, the pieces of resin were compacted and transformed over geologic time, first to copal and then to amber. While long used as a gem material, amber is important for the science of paleontology since it preserves a wide variety of animal and plant matter (Grimaldi, 2003; Penny, 2010; Ross, 2010). Amber is widely distributed in rocks of Cretaceous age or younger. Historically, the southern coast of the Baltic Sea extending from Poland to Latvia has been the world’s leading source of this material. Myanmar and the Dominican Republic are other current amber sources (Wolfe et al., 2009; Weitschat and Wichard, 2010; Leelawatanasuk et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2020).

While being described here as “forming” in sediments, the occurrence of these gem minerals is not directly the result of sedimentation. Instead, it involved physical and chemical changes associated with diagenesis and possibly the action of circulating hydrothermal solutions to introduce the necessary components for gem mineral formation.

Gems Found in, but Not Formed in, Sedimentary Deposits

Placer deposits form as the result of the concentrations of “heavy minerals” in secondary sediments (Patyk-Kara, 2002; Garnett and Bassett, 2005; Stanaway, 2012; Niki-forova, 2021). These deposits are masses of unconsolidated or semiconsolidated clastic sediments, formed by surface weathering and erosion of primary rocks and subsequently transported by gravity, water, wind, or ice from their original source. The heavy gem minerals must be hard, durable, resistant to weathering and breakage during water transportation, have a high specific

The second category of gems occurring in sedimentary environments are those that formed originally in igneous and metamorphic rocks (again, see figures 3 and 4). After these host rocks weathered, their abrasion-resistant gems were transported and are found deposited along current and

Gems found in sedimentary environments that formed elsewhere

Apatite; beryl (aquamarine, morganite); chrysoberyl (alexandrite); corundum (ruby, sapphire); diamond; garnet (almandine, demantoid, hessonite, pyrope, rhodolite, spessartine, tsavorite); jade (nephrite, jadeite); kornerupine; olivine (peridot); pyroxene (diopside, enstatite); quartz (amethyst, citrine, chalcedony, agate, rose quartz, smoky quartz); sphene; spinel; topaz; tourmaline

COLORED STONES UNEARTHED

TABLE 1. Examples of gems found in sedimentary environments.

gravity (>2.58), and possess chemical stability to be hosted in placer deposits (Joshi et al., 2021).

During water transport, fractured or other poor-quality mineral crystals are often broken up and removed, so the final alluvial deposits often contain better-quality gem material. In some instances, the gem fragments being transported become waterworn or rounded by mechanical abrasion. All of these factors can result in economically valuable mineral concentrations. Such deposits are among the most important sources of a variety of gems including diamond, corundum, spinel, garnet, and quartz, as well as nephrite and jadeite jade (table 1, right column). Such deposits often occur along current or former river channels in unconsolidated or poorly consolidated sediments. In some cases, loose gem diamonds have been carried along by glaciers, which transport but do not sort or separate the placer minerals.

Types of Placer Gem Deposits

Placer deposits are classified by Dill (2018) based on the geological factors such as weathering, erosion, and local surface topography that created them (again, see figure 6).

Retained Deposits. Eluvial placer deposits are not transported and are located near the point of original gem formation in igneous or metamorphic host rocks. They are found on weathered hillslopes where lighter material has been weathered and/or carried away, but they are often not economically significant enough to support large-scale gem mining.

Transient Deposits. Colluvial deposits result from short-distance transport of material by gravity action downslope from the original gem host rock. These deposits can form at the base of steep hillsides, for example.

Alluvial deposits involve longer-distance transport mainly by water. The most significant alluvial deposits are located along bends in rivers, natural hollows, breaks in the slope of hillsides, or at the base of an escarpment or other natural barrier, and involve short- or long-distance transport of minerals by moving water. Because the transport ability varies approximately as the square of the velocity, the speed of the moving water plays an important role in deposit formation and the travel distance from the original source of the placer minerals. Thus, when the water velocity decreases, heavy minerals are deposited more quickly than the light ones. Placers can form whenever and wherever the water velocity remains below that required to transport the gems further, including bends in meandering streams, at the base of waterfalls, behind obstacles, and along

eroded or hollowed-out depressions at the base of riverbeds. Over time, stream flow can remove larger and lighter minerals thereby concentrating the heavier minerals. During transport by moving water, mineral crystals or rock fragments can become abraded and waterworn.

Terminal Deposits. Beach or delta deposits form along the edge of water bodies by wave action (such as sand deposits). Continent shelf deposits occur further offshore in shallow coastal environments. Examples of the latter include diamond deposits along the southern coast of South Africa and Namibia.

Each of these three types of placer gem deposits can reside long enough to be termed a “paleoplacer,” or an ancient sediment deposit that has been buried and/or lithified to rock. Examples include the extensive Witwatersrand in Southern Africa, and the Roraima Supergroup in northern South America, which are both known to host significant amounts of diamonds and gold, and the extensive sapphire and colored stone alluvial deposits at Ilakaka, Madagascar. It should also be mentioned that in many places there are no longer any geological signs of the ancient river systems that deposited the gem gravels.

The mining of gems from natural caves is another type of occurrence that does not fit into the above classification, with the best example being the recovery of ruby and spinel from caves found in marbles. In this case, caves act as a trap for gem minerals weathered out of the marbles during karstic processes forming the caves, as well as gem-bearing sediments that may be introduced from surface-reaching openings in the cave systems.

Examples of Important Alluvial Gem Deposits

Montepuez Ruby Deposit in Mozambique. The regional geology of the countries located along the east and southeast portions of Africa is dominated by the rocks of the East African orogeny. Ruby deposits are hosted in the Montepuez metamorphic complex, consisting of Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic granitic to amphibolitic orthogneisses (Boyd et al., 2010). Rubies are mined from both the host metamorphic rocks and in predominantly eluvial and colluvial type deposits derived from them. In this area, the primary ruby deposits are curiously easier to mine than secondary deposits because the metamorphic rocks have weathered predominantly to clays (Vertriest and Saeseaw, 2019).

Ilakaka Sapphire Deposit in Madagascar. Secondary deposits of sapphire and other gem minerals in the Ilakaka region include

extensive buried paleoplacers of the Triassic Isalo sandstones (figure 8). These alluvial deposits have concentrated highly productive gem-bearing, poorly consolidated terraces that contain cobble- to pebble-sized rounded lithic fragments of laterite, sandstone, quartzite, and schist. They are exploited using shafts extending down about 20 m, and sometimes in open pits which target potholes or meanders in current or former rivers (Rakontondrazafy et al., 2008).

Gem Occurrences in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is underlain by Archean metamorphic to Proterozoic migmatites and granitoid rocks. This assemblage is overlain by loosely consolidated alluvial sediments which have accumulated over millions of years. Concentrated deposits of many types of colored gemstones derived from the basement rocks occur in sediments in various areas of the central and southern portions of the island (Dissanayake and Rupasinghe, 1993; Gunatilaka, 2007) (figure 9).

Historical Diamond Deposits in Brazil. Alluvial diamonds in Brazil are recovered from rivers and streams or in nearby unconsolidated sediments. The most productive of regions in Brazil have been the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Mato Grosso. These deposits are part of a complex network of alluvial, colluvial, and eluvial deposits which vary in time and space. Compositionally, deposits are a mix of clay to sandsized sediments, containing rounded to angular pebbles and cobbles from the surrounding bedrock including kimberlites and diamondiferous conglomerates (Farrar, 2009; Svisero et al., 2017).

Alluvial Diamond Deposits along the Vaal and Orange Rivers, and Related Continental Shelf Marine Deposits along the Atlantic Coast of Southern Africa. Diamonds from restricted kimberlite

sources in the interior of Southern Africa were transported westward so that they are found along the Vaal and Orange River channels as well as underwater along an extended length of the continental shelf (Maree, 1987; Jacob et al., 1999; Moore and Moore, 2004; Wilson et al., 2006). The coastal diamond deposits of Namibia and South Africa are host to excellent gem-quality diamonds because most of the inferior stones would have been lost due to comminution during transport (Sutherland, 1982; Gurney et al., 1991; Corbett and Burrell, 2001; Bluck et al., 2005; Nakashole et al., 2018; Phillips et al., 2018; Jacob and Grobbelaar, 2019).

Sapphire Deposits in Montana. Sapphires are mined from secondary deposits in Montana at three locales: Rock Creek, the Missouri River, and Dry Cottonwood Creek (Zwaan et al., 2015; Hsu et al., 2017; Palke et al., 2023). These deposits are all related to Cenozoic volcanism, although the volcanic source rocks have not been clearly identified in all cases. The Rock Creek locality appears to be an eluvial or a colluvial deposit possibly related to rhyolitic volcanism and related ash or mudflows. Along the Missouri River, sapphires are found concentrated in gravel bars along the river banks. There is a large mining operation at Rock Creek as well as smaller artisanal operations along the Missouri River, all utilizing heavy machinery to enhance the volume processing of gravels and sapphire recovery.

Amber Deposits along the Baltic Sea Coastline. Baltic amber occurs in late Eocene to Oligocene glauconite-rich sediments (approximately 23–48 Ma in age) along the Baltic Sea coastline extending from Poland, Kaliningrad, Lithuania, and Latvia (Kasiński and Kramarska, 2008; Standke, 2008). Detailed study of the flora preserved in Baltic amber suggests a warm and temperate climate in the past. Glacial activity coincident with a marine transgression deposited amber into Pleistocene glacial tills, which are continuously eroded and deposited unto the Baltic Sea coastline (Weitschat and Wichard, 2010; Sadowski et al., 2017). Since ancient times, amber has been recovered by picking it up along the beaches (especially after storms), or by using nets and other tools to obtain it from shallow water.

Figure 8. Local people washing for sapphires in 2010 near the village of Ambalavy 50 km southwest of Ilakaka in south-central Madagascar.

Photo by Vincent Pardieu.

De Beers extends partnership to empower Southern Africa female entrepreneurs

The De Beers Group and UN Women have announced a three-year extension of their partnership to empower women entrepreneurs in Southern Africa.

IN A SIGNIFICANT STRIDE TOWARDS fostering economic empowerment and gender equality, the De Beers Group and UN Women announced a three-year extension of their collaborative initiative, the EntreprenHER programme, on 2 February in Gaborone.

Since 2017, the Accelerating WomenOwned Micro-Enterprises programme, which has been renamed EntreprenHER, has supported almost 2 500 women entrepreneurs of micro-enterprises in

Botswana, Namibia and SA to grow and formalise their businesses, create more jobs and generate more secure incomes.

Dignitaries at the event included First Lady of Botswana Neo Jane Masisi, Botswana Minister of Youth, Gender, Sports, Arts and Culture Tumiso Rakgare, Botswana Minister of Labour and Home Affairs Anna Maria Mokgethi, Namibian Deputy Minister of Gender Equality, Poverty Eradication and Social Welfare Bennadette Jagger, UN

Women representative of SA’s Multi-Country Office Aleta Miller, the UN Botswana Resident Co-ordinator Zia Choudhury, De Beers’ VicePresident of Corporate Affairs Otsile Mabeo and Chairperson of the National Gender Commission Joy Phumaphi.

The next phase of the programme will support an additional 1 500 women entrepreneurs across the three countries through capacity-building in areas covering business and life skills, networking and mentoring. Building on learnings to date, the programme will now include a greater focus on digital literacy and will also introduce small grants and loans for eligible businesses, as access to finance was ranked a key barrier to growth by past participants.

There will also be an enhanced focus on engaging women business-owners in traditionally male-dominated sectors such as car mechanics, carpentry and plumbing, as well as supporting women farmers to adopt climate smart agriculture technologies to improve productivity and resilience.

In Botswana and Namibia, the EntreprenHER programme is delivered in collaboration with each country’s gender ministries. Namibian First Lady Monica Geingos praised the programme for its ability to empower grassroots women entrepreneurs.

“This initiative aims to support the realisation of Sustainable Development Goals 1 (eradicating poverty) and 5 (achieving gender equality), as well as the government of Botswana’s focus on ensuring that noone’s left behind as we create a sustainable and inclusive economy,” said Masisi. “It’s inspiring that the government of Botswana, UN Women and De Beers collaborated to deliver an initiative that provides mentorship, business skills and a sustainable approach to develop women across various sectors.”

“Women-owned micro-enterprises play a vital role in communities throughout Botswana, Namibia and SA,” said Al Cook, CEO of the De Beers Group. “They represent diverse businesses ranging from farming to fashion design. However, these businesses are often informal and can lack access to markets, finance and skills to realise their full potential. The EntreprenHER programme provides training to support women entrepreneurs in achieving their goals, while also creating employment opportunities in their local communities. We look forward to continuing to work with UN Women in this next phase of the programme, which forms part of De Beers’ broader commitment to supporting gender equality in our host countries.”

According to Miller, if gender equality is to be achieved by 2030, women must be able to participate in the economy fully

and meaningfully. “UN Women is proud of the EntreprenHER programme, with a key focus on accelerating women-owned micro-entrepreneurs since 2018. By bringing valuable business management skills to women start-up entrepreneurs in townships and rural communities, EntreprenHER ensures that no woman is left behind. Phase III of the programme will incorporate fresh and new elements and equip women entrepreneurs in Botswana, Namibia and SA to start and run sustainable businesses that secure the livelihoods of their communities.”

“As government, we remain committed to gender equality and the empowerment of women,” said Rakgare. “Our efforts date as far back as the 1990s, when government made provision for technical and financial support to enable women to start small and medium enterprises. Over the years, various financial packages were made available, such as the Financial Assistance Policy, the Women’s Economic Empowerment Programme, the Poverty

Eradication Programme and Mabogo Dinku by the Citizens’ Entrepreneurial Development Agency. These initiatives have realised significant gains in improving the livelihoods of women and those who depend on them. Recently, government adopted legislative frameworks such as the Economic Inclusion Act of 2021, which promotes the effective participation of citizens in the growth and development of the economy.”

Since 2017, EntreprenHER has supported almost 2 500 women entrepreneurs of micro-enterprises in Botswana, Namibia and SA to grow and formalise their businesses, create more jobs and generate more secure incomes.

ADELE’S MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS

Tel no: 082 595 3868/083 227 6550

E-mail: adele@amj.co.za

ADJANI SCHOEMAN T/A ADJANI DESIGN STUDIO

Tel no: 083 460 7334

E-mail: info@adjani.co.za

Website: www.adjani.co.za

AFRICAN TRADE BEADS JEWELLERY COLLECTION

Tel no: 082 905 1736 / 011 726 7643

E-mail: tamiko@zazenconsulting.com

Website: https://www.atbjc.com/about-us/

AFROGEM

Tel no: 021 424 0848

E-mail: info@afrogem.co.za

AKAPO JEWELS

Tel no: 011 038 3130

E-mail: wumba@akapo.co.za; labi@akapo.co.za

Website: www.akapojewels.co.za

ALBO VAN DYK MANUFACTURING

Tel no: 044 873 0567

E-mail: albo@telkomsa.net

Website: http://www.albovandyk.com/

ALL BLING CREATIONS (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 079 744 0971

E-mail: allblingcreations00@gmail.com; mmeshi.nkadimeng@gmail.com

ALLOY JEWELLERY GALLERY (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 073 92 45254

E-mail: edna@alloygallery.co.za

Website: www.alloygallery.co.za

ALTIN JEWELLERS

Tel no: 012 998 0141

E-mail: info@altin.co.za

Website: www.altin.co.za

AMBER & FORGE (PTY) LTD T/A SCHERMANS

Tel: 072 928 0385

E-mail: info@schermans.co.za

AMBIGO JEWELLERS

Tel: 062 282 6924

E-mail: ntobekobasil@gmail.com

ANACZYNSKI JEWELLERY

Tel no: 082 934 5682

E-mail: anaczynski@gmail.com

Website: www.anaczynski.co.za

ANASTASIA JEWELLERS

Tel no: 031 507 5561

E-mail: bazil.heeralall@gmail.com

Website: www.anastasiajewellers.co.za

ANDREAS SALVER MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS

Tel no: 011 706 6828

E-mail: andreas@andreassalver.com

Website: www.andreassalver.com

ANNA ROSHOLT JEWELLERY DESIGN

Tel: 061 080 6481

Email: anna@annarosholt.com

ANNELLE MURRAY GOUDSMID

Tel no: 082 956 7747

E-mail: annellemurray@exclusivemail.co.za

ANTONICORNELLIS JEWELLERY ENTERPRISE

Tel no: 074 758 1014

E-mail: antonicornellius.nhlapo@gmail.com

ASHOK JEWELLERS DESIGNERS

& MANUFACTURERS

Tel: 031 566 5046

E-mail: info@ashokjewellers.co.za; 5665046@gmail.com

ASSIQUE MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS

Tel no: 021 706 3629

E-mail: hashiem@telkomsa.net

AU TRADERS AND REFINERS (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 011 334 7607/8

E-mail: barend@autraders.co.za; jacqui@autraders.co.za

Website: www.autraders.co.za

AUGENTA JEWELLERS

Tel: 021 883 8288

E-mail: dylan@augenta.com

AURUM DESIGN

Tel no: 021 423 6590

E-mail: aurum@worldonline.co.za; adela@aurumdesign.co.za

Website: www.aurumdesign.co.za

AURUM MANUFACTURING (PTY) LTD

Tel: 083 475 7891

E-mail: info@aurummanufacturing.co.za; oliver@aurummanufacturing.co.za; karina@aurummanufacturing.co.za

AUTHOR BY KATHLYN ALLAN

Tel no: 084 247 0358

E-mail: mail@worldofauthor.com

AZTEC MANUFACTURING JEWELLERSRIVERSIDE LIFESTYLE CENTRE

Tel: 013 757 0827

E-mail: ron@aztecjewellers.com; kyle@aztecjewellers.com

Website: www.aztecjewellers.com

AZTEC MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS -

VALLEY HYPER

Tel: 013 757 0827

E-mail: Ron@aztecjewellers.com

Website: www.aztecjewellers.com

BEADZ BY FLEX

Tel no: 083 967 3264

E-mail: info@beadzbyflex.co.za

Website: www.beadzbyflex.co.za

BEAUDELL DESIGNS (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 082 885 8303

E-mail: esther@beaudell.co.za

Website: www.beaudell.co.za

BEAUTIFUL SELECTION (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 072 658 0166

E-mail: admin@beautifulselection.co.za

BEN & CO DESIGNS (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 072 056 2156

E-mail: bheki@ben-codesigns.com; info@ben-codesigns.com

Website: www.ben-codesigns.com

BERNARD’S JEWELLERY DESIGN & MANUFACTURE

Tel no: 032 586 0889

E-mail: bernard@bernardsjewellery.co.za

Website: https://watchesforsale.co.za/

BIJOU EXQUISITE JEWELLERS

Tel no: 041 450 4320

E-mail: marnic@bijoujewellery.international

Website: https://www.bijoujewellery.international/

BO KOOK HANDMADE JEWELLERY

Tel: 079 560 5064

E-mail: info@bokook.co.za

BRAND ATHENA A

Tel: 072 272 3089

E-mail: info@brandathenaa.co.za

BRETTLAND POULSEN DESIGNER GOLDSMITH

Tel no: 031 562 8009

E-mail: bretland@iafrica.com

Website: www.brettlands.co.za

BRIAN BOSMAN GOLDSMITH STUDIO

Tel no: 011 616 5328

E-mail: divagoldsmith@yahoo.com

BRONSKI JEWELLERS

Tel no: 021 852 7891

E-mail: seanscrase@hotmail.com

BROWNS THE DIAMOND STORE – WORKSHOP

Tel no: 011 438 7920

E-mail: albert@brownsjewellers.com

Website: www.brownsjewellers.com

BULLION STAR (PTY) LTD

Tel: 011 202 5021

E-mail: bullionstr@gmail.com

CADTOCRAFT (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 011 781 0303

E-mail: johanwessels12@gmail.com

CAPE DIAMONDS

Tel no: 021 421 5364

E-mail: joelgraham@capediamonds.co.za

Website: www.capediamonds.co.za

CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Tel no: 021 460 3632

E-mail: konstandakellisv@cput.ac.za; camerondowl@cput.ac.za

Website: www.cput.ac.za

CAPE PRECIOUS METALS – CAPE TOWN

Tel no: 021 551 2066

E-mail: sharon@cpmct.co.za

Website: www.capepreciousmetals.co.za

CAPE PRECIOUS METALS – DURBAN

Tel no: 031 303 5402

E-mail: malcolm@cpmdbn.co.za

Website: www.capepreciousmetals.co.za

CAPE PRECIOUS METALS – GERMISTON

Tel no: 011 334 6263

E-mail: shannon@cpmjhb.co.za

Website: www.capepreciousmetals.co.za

CAPE PRECIOUS METALS PE/GQEBERHA

Tel no: 041 365 1890

E-mail: renee@capepreciousmetals.co.za

Website: www.capepreciousmetals.co.za

CARESS JEWELLERS UITENHAGE CC

Tel no: 041 992 4421

E-mail: eben-caress@mweb.co.za

CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FREE STATE – WELKOM

Tel no: 051 507 4044

E-mail: eholmes@cut.ac.za; nmphore@cut.ac.za

Website: www.cut.ac.za

CHARL DE BEER

Tel no: 012 440 7693

E-mail: leatherw@mweb.co.za; charldebeer@hotmail.com

CHARLES NORMAN DIAMONDS (PTY) LTD

Tel: 083 557 3252

E-mail: rishan@charlesnormandiamonds.com

CHARLENE NEL T/A BELLA COSA

Tel no: 021 975 5097

E-mail: charlene@bellacosa.co.za

CHATEAU D’OR CC

Tel no: 011 728 3741/3723

E-mail: denlincoln@mweb.co.za

Website: www.chateaudorjewellers.com

CORNERSTONE MANUFACTURING (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 082 599 5919

E-mail: cornerstonelof@gmail.com

CREATIVE DESIGN MANUFACTURERS (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 031 563 3987

E-mail: goldlink@iafrica.com

D FABRIK (PTY) LTD

Tel: 011 327 7926

E-mail: deon.denysschen@gmail.com

DABERON MANUFACTURING (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 011 334 8841

E-mail: daberon1@gmail.com

DALEEN BRUWER JEWELLERY DESIGN & GOLDSMITH

Tel no: 023 342 7808

E-mail: db@xsinet.co.za

DANIEL JACOBS JEWELLERY DESIGN CC

Tel no: 021 880 1026

E-mail: djjd@mweb.co.za

DAVID BOLDING GOLDSMITH

Tel no: 021 418 1049/1612

E-mail: david@dbgold.co.za; marele@dbgold.co.za

DC JEWELLERS

Tel no: 044 691 3692

E-mail: dcjewel@mweb.co.za

DEGLON JEWELLERY STUDIO

Tel no: 021 851 3182

E-mail: waynedeglon@telkomsa.net

Website: www.waynedeglondesign.withtank.com

DEON SMITH JEWELLERY

Tel: 083 454 2161

E-mail: deonsmithjewellery@gmail.com; drdwsmith63@gmail.com; deon@deonsmithjewellery.com

DESIGNER GOLD BUSINESS TRUST

Tel no: 043 726 2291

E-mail: info@designergold.co.za

Website: www.designergold-el.co.za

DIA-KIM DIAMONDS

T/A CHRISTOPHER REID

Tel no: 021 418 4484

E-mail: nick@christopherreid.co.za

Website: www.christopherreid.co.za

DIAMANTE ANTWERP

Tel: 072 830 5656

E-mail: info@diamanteantwerp.com

DIAMONDS4EVER

Tel no: 082 786 7677

E-mail: info@diamonds4ever.co.za

Website: www.diamonds4ever.co.za

DIDIDESIGN

Tel no: 011 784 0369

E-mail: didi@dididesign.co.za

Website: www.dididesign.co.za

DLR JEWELLERS

Tel: 057 101 0359

E-mail: carol@dlracc.co.za

DR ESME SPICER

Tel no: 073 239 9983

E-mail: esme.spicer@gmail.com

DURBAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Tel no: 031 373 6673/6

E-mail: chrisdb@dut.ac.za; samanthav@dut.ac.za

Website: www.dut.ac.za

ECO CHIC JEWELLERY

Tel no: 021 553 0332

E-mail: e.m.duplooy@gmail.com

EDEL DESIGNER JEWELLERY

Tel no: 072 636 0213

E-mail: edeldesignerjewellery@gmail.com

EKURHULENI JEWELLERY PROJECT

Tel no: 011 825 5822

E-mail: colin@ejewellery.org.za

Website: www.ejewellery.org.za

ELEMENTAL STUDIO

Tel no: 084 507 7777

E-mail: lezamcleod@icloud.com

Website: www.elementalstudio.co.za

EMBER MANUFACTURING & DESIGN (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 083 557 5190

E-mail: info@ember.co.za

Website: www.ember.co.za

ENZA MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Tel no: 031 824 9427

E-mail: khulile@imarajewellery.com

EON HOON JEWELLERY DESIGN

Tel no: 083 578 7447

E-mail: eon@eonhoon.com

Website: www.eonhoon.com

ERICA STRAUSS DESIGNER JEWELLERY STUDIO

Tel no: 021 851 8120

E-mail: artwear@telkomsa.net

ETERNITY ENTERPRISE (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 018 290 5722/3

E-mail: info@eternityenterprise.com; daleen@eternityenterprise.com

Website: www.eternityenterprise.com

EVERTRADE 142 (PTY) LTD T/A D’OURO JEWELLERS

Tel no: 011 615 3402

E-mail: dourojhb@vodamail.co.za; a.veloso@dourojewellers.co.za

Website: www.dourojewellers.co.za

FACET JEWELLERY

Tel no: 073 397 8820

E-mail: catherine@facetjewellery.co.za

FARIED JEWELLERY DESIGN

Tel: 021 671 5529

E-mail: insaaf.achmat@gmail.com; fachmat@gmail.com

FEMKE KLEISEN DESIGNS (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 083 787 6120

E-mail: femkekleisen@webafrica.org.za

Website: www.femkekleisen.co.za

FERROS JEWELLERS

Tel no: 041 363 1881

E-mail: alex@ferrosjewellers.com

Website: www.ferrosjewellers.com

FINEGOLD LABORATORY SERVICES

Tel no: 021 511 6237

E-mail: admin@finegold.co.za

Website: www.finegold.co.za

FOREVER JEWELLERY MANUFACTURERS

Tel no: 031 564 9006

E-mail: fj@3i.co.za

FRANKLI WILD

Tel no: 011 483 2620

E-mail: kgf@frankliwild.com

Website: www.frankliwild.com

G HARRIS DESIGN STUDIOS CC

Tel no: 021 555 1437

E-mail: harrisjewellers@telkomsa.net; gharris@telkomsa.net

Website: www.harrisjewellers.net

GATTOO JEWELLERY DESIGN STUDIO

Tel no: 011 852 2046

E-mail: gattoosdesign@gmail.com

GAUTA REFINERIES (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 012 753 3304

E-mail: rudi@gautarefinery.com

Website: https://www.gautarefinery.com/

GEM AFRIQUE

Tel no: 062 050 6479

E-mail: soni2.goldsmith@gmail.com

GERHARD MOOLMAN FINE JEWELLERY

Tel: 021 914 0838

E-mail: gerhard@gmfinejewellery.co.za

GLOBAL JEWELLERY ACADEMY

Tel no: 082 337 6428

E-mail: robertb@globaljewelleryacademy.co.za

Website: www.globaljewelleryacademy.co.za

GOLD AND I (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 084 360 6762

E-mail: info@goldandi.co.za

Website: www.goldandi.co.za

GOLDFASHION JEWELLERS CC

Tel no: 021 931 1319

E-mail: mhendricks@wsnet.co.za; goldfashion@telkomsa.net

GOUDSMID TEHILA VAN ENGELENHOVEN

Tel no: 082 674 4410

E-mail: tehila@absamail.co.za

GRYPHON MOSS

Tel: 082 049 2488

E-mail: kate@gryphonmoss.co.za

HAUPT JUWELEN (PTY) LTD

Tel: 072 587 0055

E-mail: info@hauptjuwelen.co.za

HAVILAH GOLD CREATIONS

Tel no: 041 581 1942

E-mail: design@havilah.co.za; carol@havilah.co.za

Website: www.havilah.co.za

HEATHER JANE SMITH CERAMICS & PORCELAIN

Tel no: 064 915 4282

E-mail: ladyheatherette@gmail.com

HELEN MICHALETOS

Tel: 082 342 1577

E-mail: helen.michaletos@gmail.com

HESTI PRINSLOO T/A FETTER-AND-THREE

Tel: 082 855 9088

E-mail: hesti@fetter-and-three.co.za

HOLLY CROSS JEWELLERY

Tel: 079 477 2729

E-mail: vhaswayouth@gmail.com

ICKINGER JEWELLERS

Tel no: 015 307 4448

E-mail: jacques@ickinger.co.za

Website: www.ickinger.co.za

iKE YKE

Tel: 083 225 0425

E-mail: michael@eqimpact.co.za

IMFUNDISO SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

Tel no: 012 734 0245

E-mail: imfundiso@mweb.co.za

Website: www.imfundiso.com

IMPILO COLLECTION

Tel no: 010 0210441

E-mail: ayeung@impilocollection.co.za

Website: www.facebook.com/impilocollection

INGE SCHOLTZ JEWELLERYDESIGNER & MANUFACTURER

Tel no: 073 271 3789

E-mail: admin@csvaluers.co.za

ISA B JEWELLERY DESIGNS

E-mail: bothmaisabel09@gmail.com

ISABELLA JEWELLERS & REFINERS CC

Tel no: 011 334 5919

E-mail: isabella@isabella-refiners.co.za

Website: www.isabella-refiners.co.za

J HIND JEWELLERS

Tel no: 031 306 1330

E-mail: jhindrajesh@gmail.com

Website: https://www.jhindjewellers.co.za/

JAGGATH JEWELLERS

Tel no: 031 307 7790

E-mail: navinjagath372@gmail.com

JANINE BINNEMAN JEWELLERY DESIGNS

Tel no: 021 715 6178

E-mail: info@janinebinneman.com

Website: https://janinebinneman.com/

JEWEL CRAFT – BRANDHOF

Tel no: 051 444 3449

E-mail: rean.p@mweb.co.za

Website: www.jewelcraft.co.za

JEWELLERY CONNECTION

Tel no: 011 728 6800

E-mail: vmagnes@netactive.co.za

JEWELLERY CONSULTANCY

Tel no: 083 581 1513

E-mail: md.jewelleryconsultancy@gmail.com

Website: www.jewelleryconsultancy.co.za

JOHANNA VAN ZYL

Tel no: 082 778 5846

E-mail: jo@johannavanzyl.co.za

Website: www.johannavanzyl.co.za

JOHN 3 JEWELLERY

Tel no: 076 822 8783

E-mail: john3jewellery@gmail.com

JOHN STEDMAN

T/A ELEMENTAL DESIGN

Tel no: 031 572 2902

E-mail: john@elementaldesign.co.za

Website: www.elementaldesign.co.za

JOHREN MANUFACTURING CC

T/A THE JEWELLERY SHOP

Tel no: 046 624 3748

E-mail: johren@telkomsa.net

JOY MASSYN JEWELLERY (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 012 662 2861

E-mail: joy@joymassyn.co.za

Website: http://www.joymassyn.com/

JUPITER'S JUNGLE (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 061 503 6561

E-mail: admin@jupitersjungle.com

Website: www.jupitersjungle.com/www.ginawhite.com

JYARAS JEWELLERS (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 067 397 6373

E-mail: admin@jyarasjewellers.co.za

Website: https://jyarasjewellers.co.za/contact/

K2 DESIGN STUDIO

Tel no: 031 940 1274

E-mail: khanyisile@k2designstudio.co.za

Website: www.k2designstudio.co.za

KARLIEN DESIGNS CC

Tel no: 083 659 2607

E-mail: karlien@karliendesigns.co.za

Website: www.karliendesigns.co.za

KARLSEN JEWELLERY CO

Tel no: 033 386 7872

E-mail: karlsen@jewelleryco.co.za

KATANNUTA DIAMONDS CC

Tel: 082 451 9429

E-mail: clare@katannutadiamonds.co.za; info@katannutadiamonds.co.za

KAYRO JEWELLERS

Tel no: 041 585 4842

E-mail: slaide.kayro@mweb.co.za

KEA-NTHABI’S AFRICAN DESIGN

Tel: 083 350 2737

E-mail: keanthabi1@gmail.com

KHONJE DESIGNS

Tel: 012 460 1569

E-mail: info@khonjedesigns.com

KIM CLOETE JEWELLERY DESIGN

Tel no: 021 531 9082

E-mail: kim@kimcloetedesign.co.za

Website: http://www.kimcloetedesign.co.za/

KINKEL JEWELLERY

Tel no: 021 786 1549

E-mail: info@kinkeljewellery.co.za

Website: www.kinkeljewellery.co.za

KNIGHT OF GREY T/A ELEGANTE

Tel: 011 825 5822

E-mail: elegantemagnificent@gmail.com

KRISTEN MALAN CC

Tel no: 011 880 1866

E-mail: kristen@merindol.com; john@merindol.com

KUSASA REFINING (PTY) LTD

Tel: 010 001 6284

E-mail: greg.magid@kusasarefining.co.za; info@kusasarefining.co.za

LADY PECULIAR

Tel no: 021 886 8868

E-mail: info@ladypeculiar.co.za

Website: www.ladypeculiar.co.za

L’AUTRICHE FINE JEWELLERY

Tel no: 011 883 4021

E-mail: ernst@lebijoux.co.za

Website: www.lautrichefj.co.za

LEOPOLDINE DESIGNS

Tel no: 076 586 3820

E-mail: info@leopoldinedesigns.co.za

LILLY FRIEDLAENDER CC

Tel no: 021 887 1655

E-mail: lilly.f@wol.co.za

LIMPOPO JEWELLERY BUSINESS INCUBATOR

Tel no: 015 293 0214

E-mail: tessa@ljbi.org.za; mabatho@ljbi.org.za; siphelele@ljbi.org.za; admin@ljbi.org.za; shokky@ljbi.org.za

LORIEN MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS

Tel no: 011 967 1700

E-mail: heather@allanybrink.co.za

LOTTI JEWELLERY

Tel no: 079 386 1079

E-mail: info@lottijewellery.co.za

LOVI JEWELLERY DESIGN

Tel no: 011 882 3272

E-mail: lovijewellery@gmail.com

LYNDA MARION JEWELLERY

Tel no: 082 651 8145

E-mail: silver@lyndamarion.com

M2 JEWELLERS CC

Tel no: 012 460 6793

E-mail: maryna@m2jewellery.com

Website: www.m2jewellery.com

MADELIEF DESIGNER JEWELLERY

Tel no: 083 453 7018

E-mail: madeliefjewellery@gmail.com

MADELINE’S TEMPTATIONS

Tel no: 083 305 2798

E-mail: info@madelinestemptations.co.za

Website: www.madelinestemptations.co.za

MAGGIE AFRICA

Tel no: 072 882 2586

E-mail: maggieroodt@telkomsa.net

MAGMA METAL RECOVERIES

Tel no: 031 702 4422

E-mail: edwards@astronet.co.za

MAPULA DESIGNER JEWELLER (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 083 641 2724

E-mail: mapuladesigner@gmail.com

Website: www.mapuladesignerjeweller.com

MARINE GOLD CC

Tel no: 021 424 0077

E-mail: stephen@marinegold.co.za

MARION’S JEWELLERY STUDIO

Tel no: 041 368 4582/3

E-mail: marionsstudio@mweb.co.za

MARK WHITEHORN GOLDSMITH

Tel no: 083 271 6065

E-mail: info@markwhitehorn.co.za

Website: https://markwhitehorn.co.za/

MARTIN MILLS GOLDFIELDS

Tel: 0727167632

E-mail: mmillsgoldfields@gmail.com

MASELESELE JEWELLERS

Tel no: 012 734 0245

E-mail: imfundiso@mweb.co.za; imfundisojewellers@mweb.co.za

Website: www.imfundiso.com

MEDITERRANEAN JEWELLERS

Tel no: 082 689 0630

E-mail: panayiotis@mmjewellers.co.za

Website: http://www.mmjewellers.co.za/

METAL CONCENTRATORS SA (PTY) LTD –

OR TAMBO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT SEZ

Tel no: 012 000 4440

E-mail: info@MetCon.co.za

Website: www.MetCon.co.za

METAL CONCENTRATORS SA (PTY) LTD –

CAPE TOWN

Tel no: 021 510 0770

E-mail: salesct@MetCon.co.za

Website: www.MetCon.co.za

METAL IMAGE

Tel no: 021 447 6600

E-mail: mi_greg@iafrica.com; mi_accounts@iafrica.com

Website: www.metalimage.co.za

MG IVORY

Tel no: 011 788 1018

E-mail: mgivory@netactive.co.za

MICHAEL J SOLOMON

MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS (MJS)

Tel no: 011 792 5292

E-mail: ms@absamail.co.za

MICHL CONTEMPORARY FINE JEWELLERY

Tel no: 021 913 3944

E-mail: michelleliaosa@gmail.com

Website: www.michljewellery.com

MINITZA

Tel: 082 77 29812

E-mail: info@minitza.co.za

MIRKO JEWELLERY

Tel no: 021 886 8296

E-mail: mirinda@mirkojewels.co.za

Website: http://mirkojewels.co.za/

MOON INVESTMENTS

Tel: 021 551 2066

E-mail: invest@mooninvest.co.za

MUGA MUGA HANDMADES

Tel no: 072 299 7148

E-mail: info@mugamuga.co.za

Website: www.mugamuga.co.za

MZANTSI DIAMOND MERCHANTS (PTY) LTD

Tel: 041 379 1162

E-mail: mzantsidiamonds@gmail.com

N.N JEWELLERS

Tel: 082 081 8179

E-mail: nico.nieuwoudt.nn@gmail.com

NEWMAN JEWELLERY DESIGN

Tel no: 012 329 9600

E-mail: nina@newmandesign.co.za; dave@newmandesign.co.za

NILU ENGRAVING & JEWELLERY (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 083 384 7792

E-mail: laser@nilu.co.za

Website: www.nilu.co.za/

NINA BOSCH PORCELAIN

Tel: 079 891 7240

E-mail: info@ninabosch.co.za

NOVUS DESIGN STUDIO

Tel no: 012 332 5850

E-mail: info@novusdesign.co.za

Website: http://www.novusdesign.co.za/

NQ JEWELLERY DESIGN SERVICES

Tel no: 073 700 6225

E-mail: nq2jewel@gmail.com

Website: www.nqjewellery.co.za

NV DESIGN COMPANY

T/A BY NANETTE

Tel no: 021 883 3856

E-mail: nanette@bynanette.com

Website: www.bynanette.com

ORO AFRICA (PTY) LTD – CAPE TOWN

Tel no: 021 480 9860

E-mail: sharin@oroafrica.com

Website: www.oroafrica.com

OSMOND’S

Tel no: 021 559 8277

E-mail: osmond@telkomsa.net

PAUL GALLIAS

Tel no: 073 194 2415

E-mail: pgallias@hotmail.com

PEARL AND DIAMOND STUDIO

Tel no: 011 678 0595/6

E-mail: pearldiamond@mweb.co.za

Website: https://www.pearlanddiamond.co.za/

PETRA JEWELLERY DESIGN

Tel: 021 789 0312

E-mail: info@petrajewellery.co.za

PHATSIMA JEWELLERY DESIGNS

Tel no: 072 739 6800

E-mail: phatsimantando@gmail.com; orders@phatsimajd.com

Website: www.phatsimajd.com

PHILIP ZETLER JEWELLERS

Tel no: 021 423 2771

E-mail: pzetler@mweb.co.za

Website: www.philipzetlerjewellers.co.za

PHOENIX MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS

Tel no: 012 549 4966

E-mail: jack@phoenixjewellers.co.za

Website: www.phoenixjewellers.co.za

PICCOLO FINE DESIGNER JEWELLERY

Tel no: 083 396 6178

E-mail: suvette@piccolo-jewellery.co.za

Website: http://piccolo-jewellery.co.za/

PIYUVE JEWELLERS CC

Tel no: 031 301 3963

E-mail: aroon@piyuvejewelers.co.za; shashi@piyuvejewelers.co.za

Website: www.piyuvejewelers.co.za

PNEUMA JEWELLERS CC

Tel no: 011 702 1462

E-mail: admin@pneumajewellers.com

Website: www.pneumajewellers.co.za

POPULAR DIAMOND

JEWELLERY MANUFACTURING CC

Tel no: 011 484 7044

E-mail: pop@tiscali.co.za

PRECIOUS ONE JEWELLERY

Tel no: 056 212 1229

E-mail: antonjewels@yahoo.com

PRECISION SETTERS

Tel no: 011 484 7803/4

E-mail: julian@precisionsetters.co.za

PRETTY FOUND THINGS

Tel no: 083 651 9042

E-mail: prettyfoundthings@gmail.com

Website: www.prettyfoundthings.co.za

PREVIDA & CO

Tel no: 011 701 5074

E-mail: previda@previdaandco.com

PRINS & PRINS DIAMONDS

Tel no: 021 422 1090

E-mail: petre@prinsandprins.com; riana@prinsandprins.com

Website: www.prinsandprins.com

QUICKSET JEWELLERS

Tel no: 031 468 9236

E-mail: qsjewel@telkomsa.net; osjewel@telkomsa.net

Website: www.quicksetjewellers.co.za

RAMSDEN DIAMONDS

T/A OLYMPIA AVENUE MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS

Tel: 011 404 5010

E-mail: info@olympia-avenue.co.za

RAND REFINERY LIMITED

Tel no: 011 418 9000

E-mail: nicolab@gold.co.za

Website: www.randrefinery.com

RARE EARTH CREATIONS

Tel no: 011 326 1727 E-mail: noloyiso@rarearth.co.za

Website: https://www.rareearth.co.za/

REC SET & ENGRAVE (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 011 326 1727

E-mail: neil@rarearth.co.za; noloyiso@rarearth.co.za

RICHLINE SA (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 011 418 1600

E-mail: johan@richlinesa.co.za; marco@richlinesa.co.za

Website: www.richlinegroup.co.za

RITCO MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS

Tel no: 041 374 2101

E-mail: sales@ritco.co.za

Website: www.ritco.co.za

RODNEY CHANDLER JEWELLERS (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 082 606 0493

E-mail: mcjewel@netactive.co.za

ROHAN CHERRY DESIGNS

Tel no: 082 974 4566

E-mail: info@rcdesigns.co.za

Website: www.rcdesign.co.za

ROK ORIGINALS

Tel no: 072 203 3288

E-mail: info@rokoriginals.com

Website: https://www.rokoriginals.com/

ROMANELLI DESIGNS (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 011 794 1666

E-mail: bling@romanellidesigns.co.za

Website: https://romanellidesigns.co.za/

RUTH PROWSE SCHOOL OF ART

Tel no: 021 447 2492

E-mail: admin@ruthprowse.co.za

Website: www.ruthprowse.co.za

SATHKAAR JEWELLERS C.C

Tel no: 031 306 4921

E-mail: sathkaar@gmail.com

SANDHAVON DIAMOND CUTTING WORKS

Tel no: 083 233 0910

E-mail: kevin@lutrin.co.za

SAVAGE JEWELLERY

Tel no: 082 902 2302

E-mail: nicola@savagejewellery.com

SCANT DESIGN

Tel: 072 339 1885

E-mail: as@scant.co.za

SCARAB JEWELLERY STUDIO CC

Tel no: 021 683 4646

E-mail: janine@scarabjewellery.co.za; tanya@scarabjewellery.co.za

Website: www.scarabjewellery.co.za

SEA & SHORE

Tel: 082 742 5343

E-mail: seashore.resin@gmail.com

SERAGLIO JEWELLERS

Tel no: 011 783 8301

E-mail: rolling.albert@yahoo.com

Website: www.seragliojewellers.com

SHADOW JEWELLERS

Tel no: 082 689 8297

E-mail: shadrackmogoane@yahoo.com

SHANI D JEWELLERY DESIGN (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 082 308 2111

E-mail: diamondshani@gmail.com

Website: http://www.shanidjewellery.co.za/

SIBAHLE JEWELLERY (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 011 049 3933

E-mail: nthabiseng@sibahlejewellery.co.za

Website: www.sibahlejewellery.co.za

SILK ROUTE GOLD (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 011 450 3192

E-mail: info@silkroutegold.com

Website: www.silkroutegold.com

SIMON EFUNE MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS

Tel no: 011 334 4529

E-mail: simon.efune@mweb.co.za

SIRKEL JEWELLERY

Tel no: 011 726 2365

E-mail: sirkeldesign@gmail.com

Website: www.sirkeljewellery.co.za

SL HERMAN MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS

Tel no: 012 460 6771

E-mail: slhj@telkomsa.net

Website: www.hermanmanufacturingjewellers.co.za

SMITH JEWELLERY

Tel no: 071 313 8649

E-mail: info@smith-jewellery.com

Website: www.smith-jewellery.com

STARBRIGHT JEWELLERY

Tel no: 083 775 9995

E-mail: megan@starbrightgirl.com

Website: https://www.starbrightgirl.com/

STUDIO 1980 (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 083 379 0171

E-mail: info@studio1980za.com

Website: https://studio1980za.com/

STUDIO 39 JEWELLERY DESIGN

Tel no: 031 764 3000

E-mail: studio39@telkomsa.net

Website: www.studio39.co.za

STUDIO C MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS

Tel no: 011 642 7826

E-mail: chris@studioc.co.za; peggy@studioc.co.za

Website: www.studioc.co.za

STUDIO LOUBSER

Tel no: 011 782 4051

E-mail: liz@lizloubser.com; info@studioloubser.com

Website: www.studioloubser.com

SUGARBUSH CREATIONS

Tel no: 015 293 2358

E-mail: sugarbushcreations@gmail.com

SURITA DU TOIT FINE JEWELLERY (PTY) LTD

Tel: 082 779 7084

E-mail: info@suritadutoit.com

TASHA SWART CREATIONS

Tel: 082 523 9982

E-mail: tashaswart.creations@gmail.com

THATO RADEBE JEWELLERY

E-mail: thato@thatoradebejewellery.co.za

Website: https://thatoradebejewellery.co.za/

THE BERA DIAMOND ACADEMY

Tel no: 011 854 4556

E-mail: mmbera@gmail.com; muhammad.bera@absa.co.za

Website: http://www.benefittohumanity.com/

THE JABULANI CHARITABLE TRUST

Tel: 031 303 2396

E-mail: paula@jabulanijewellery.co.za; colleen@jabulanijewellery.co.za

THE JEWELLERY HUB

Tel no: 083 326 5746

E-mail: ian@worldofdiamonds.co.za; yolandi@worldofdiamonds.co.za

Website: www.worldofdiamonds.co.za

THE MAKERY

Tel no: 082 600 7142

E-mail: info@themakerycollection.com

Website: www.themakerycollection.com

THE PLATINUM INCUBATOR

Tel no: 014 597 0736

E-mail: sibongile@tpi.org.za

Website: www.tpi.org.za

TINSEL GALLERY

Tel no: 011 782 4051

E-mail: geraldine@tinsel.co.za

Website: https://tinselgallery.com/

TIP TOP JEWELLERS

Tel no: 044 873 3048

E-mail: tiptop@lantic.net

TRIMALCHIO

Tel no: 012 346 6874

E-mail: casanra@mweb.co.za

TRISLO (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 012 259 0100

E-mail: info@trislo.co.za

Website: www.trislo.co.za

TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Tel no: 012 382 6007

E-mail: newmand@tut.ac.za

Website: www.tut.ac.za

UNCUT JEWELLERS

Tel no: 083 225 8221

E-mail: mark@uncutjewellers.co.za

Website: www.uncutjewellers.co.za

UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG

Tel no: 011 559 1129/1125

E-mail: fnazier@uj.ac.za

Website: www.uj.ac.za

UNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH

Tel no: 021 808 3047

E-mail: ct@sun.ac.za; Joani@sun.ac.za

Website: www.sun.ac.za/english/faculty/arts/visual-arts/

VAN DEIJL MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS

Tel no: 021 914 2192

E-mail: info@vdmj.co.za

VAWDA GOLD GEM JEWELLERS

Tel no: 031 208 9142/3

E-mail: info@vawdagoldgem.co.za

Website: www.vawdagoldgem.co.za

VICTORIA ORPEN JEWELLERS

Tel no: 011 615 4758

E-mail: victoriaorpensa@gmail.com; roxanne.campbell07@gmail.com

VIJAY SHAH CONCEPTS

Tel no: 031 564 2948

E-mail: vijayshah@telkomsa.net; nihalshah23@gmail.com

Website: www.vijayshahjewellers.co.za

VK JEWELLERY

Tel no: 082 789 4498

E-mail: vivek@vkjewellery.co.za

Website: www.vkjewellery.co.za

WAINWRIGHT JEWELLERS

Tel no: 021 554 1169

E-mail: info@wainwrightjewel.co.za

Website: www.wainwrightjewel.co.za

WOOSH DESIGNS JEWELLERY STUDIO

Tel no: 011 318 1340

E-mail: wooshen@wooshjewellery.co.za

Website: www.wooshjewellery.co.za

YOL NOMADIC JEWELLERY

Tel no: 074 136 3633

E-mail: yol_lu@yahoo.fr

ZION PRECIOUS METALS (PTY) LTD

Tel: 010 109 2057

E-mail: compliance@zionpreciousmetals.com; depot@zionpreciousmetals.com

ZULU MIEN

Tel: 0823344426

E-mail: zulumien@gmail.com

ZUREL BROTHERS SA (PTY) LTD

Tel no: 015 293 2306/58

E-mail: zurelpolokwane@telkomsa.net; zurelqms@gmail.com

Website: www.zurel.co.za

Brand

ANNA-B JEWELLERY 071 843 2452 orders@annab.co.za www.annab.co.za

AFRASIAN DIAMONDS www.afrasiandiamonds.com info@afrasiandiamonds.com (011) 268-6980

BYL DIAMONDS www.byldiamonds.com orders@byldiamonds.com (021) 419-2000

JEWELLERY COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA (JCSA) Jewellex365 www.jewellery.org.za lornal@jewelleyr.org.za (011) 484-5528

JZA –YOUR JEWELLERY MAGAZINE jza@isikhova.co.za (011) 883-4627

Diamond Manufacturers, Importers &

KRISHA GEMS krishagems.sa@gmail.com 083 275 6106

METAL CONCENTRATORS

www.metcon.co.za info@metcon.co.za (012) 000-4440

PICCOLO FINE DESIGNER JEWELLERY

www.piccolo-jewellery.co.za info@piccolo-jewellery.co.za 083-396-6178

+91

+91

PRECIOUS

www.preciousmetalstswane.co.za info@preciousmetalstswane.co.za (012)

SM

www.smwatch.co.za smwatch@iafrica.com (012) 326-5996

THE JEWELLERY HUB samantha@thejhub.co.za ian@thejhub.co.za 073-052-7587 / 083-326-5746

THE TANZANITE COMPANY

www.tanzanitecompany.co.za marilyn@tanzanitecompany.co.za warren@tanzanitecompany.co.za 082-601-3621 / 083-231-8919