UNIT 3

Lead-in Leadin

1 Use the mixed up letters to write the words for the given defi nitions.

1

osaerfwt – different types of programmes and data which enable computers to work. __________________ 2 lawelfri – a security system designed to prevent hackers from accessing your private network __________________

3

ttennrai – an internal network assessible only to authorised users __________________

4

kpucba –an extra copy of computer files or data stored separately and used in case the original is destroyed or lost __________________

5

niihhpgs –an act of gaining personal information (ID or social security numbers, credit card data, etc.) by sending false emails that appear to come from well-known organisations __________________ 6 apsm – unwanted online messages, usually commercial advertising, sent to a great number of

Internet users __________________

7

yikenhprl – a highlighted word, icon, phrase, etc. in a text or web page that a user can click on in order to access another electronic document __________________

8

9

ttgniimlusak – the ability of a computer to perform several tasks simultaneously __________________ aaesbtad – a considerable amount of data stored in a computer and easily used __________________

Reading

1 Circle the word that best suits the meaning of the sentence.

1 They saw things different / differently and contributed to a huge change in the world / Europe. 2 Steve Jobs was fi red from / of Apple, the company he imagined / created. 3 He was an innovative thinker / magician. He improved the existing technology in many ways. 4 Mark Zuckerberg invented a new profile / way of interacting and connected / divided the whole world. 5 Jobs suffered of / from pancreatic cancer / fl u. 6 He aspires to get every person in the world offline / online.

2 Circle the correct option.

1 Steve Jobs was a visionary who who____________________ the existing technology. a) founded b) improved c) invented d) created 2 None of them ____________________ university even though they brought about a revolution in technology. a) studied from b) learned from c) graduated from d) taught from 3 Mark Zuckerberg is the ____________________ of the social-networking website Facebook. a) founder b) innovator c) entrepreneur d) co-founder 4 By investing ________ research, a small company of just 30 people turned into a global force that employs more than 120,000 people. a) on b) in c) at d) from 5 Mark Zuckerberg is a computer _______________, Internet entrepreneur and the co-founder and CEO of the social-network Facebook. a) scientist b) programmer c) inventor d) thinker 6 After a dispute with Apple’s Board of Directors, he was fi red _________ the company. a) off b) of c) from d) with 7 Apple released the Macintosh computer, which ____________________ the way for personal computers. a) paved b) iced c) followed d) lost

3 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the words in CAPITALS. Add the appropriate suffi x (-er, -or, -ist, -ian, -ant) to the words.

1 They write programmes for computers. They are ____________________ s. 2 Lucy is a ____________________. She is a real expert in mathematics. 3 My brother is the ____________________ manager. 4 ____________________s are scientists or engineers who specialise in technology. 5 This is the ____________________ I was telling you about.

He acts in my favourite TV series but I can’t remember his name. 6 ____________________s study or write about past events. 7 Innovative ____________________s are people who can change the world. 8 My uncle is a ____________________ when it comes to technology. 9 A large number of ____________________s took part in the discussion. 10 His mum is a ____________________ in a big international company.

PROGRAMME MATHEMATICS ASSIST

TECHNOLOGY

ACT HISTORY THINK MAGIC PARTICIPATE CONSULT

4 Write a suitable refl exive pronoun.

1 I play online games till late at night. I really can’t control ___________________ . 2 Mr Arrington is a great man. He should be proud of ___________________ . 3 People around the world get ___________________ connected via the Internet. 4 My friend Lyn is a blogger. She writes blogs about ___________________ . 5 My brother and I always repair our laptop by ___________________. We don’t need any help. W d ’ d h l 6 When someone attacks you, you must defend ___________________ .

Grammar Modal Verbs for Speculation in the Present

1 Look at the four presents. What do you think they are? Use must, might or could to guess what is inside. Be creative!

1 2

3 4

2 Read the dialogue and circle the correct option.

Mum: Jane, where is Josh? I can’t reach him on his mobile phone!

Jane: Have you tried phoning him at home?

Mum: Yes, but he could / can’t be at home because no one is answering the phone. I wonder where he is.

Jane: I don’t know. He could / couldn’t be in his room playing video games with the headphones on. You know he does that all the time.

Mum: He has an appointment at the dentist’s at 5 o’clock and I wanted to remind him about it.

Jane: Don’t worry, Мum. I’m on my way home. I’m sure he might / must be in his room playing. I’ll give you a ring as soon as I check on him.

Mum: OK, he might / must feel less scared at the dentist’s after playing a game. You know how he gets when he has to visit a dentist!

3 Find the incorrect word in each sentence and correct it. Use can’t and must and a suitable word in the box.

mathematician programmer hacker scientist

He is a teacher who has launched a new computer programme. He can’t be a teacher. He must be a programmer.

1 Unfortunately, Paul’s brother is an inventor who steals other people’s identities on the Internet. He ___________________________________________________________________________ . 2 Neil’s sister Amy is a technician. She has always been good with numbers. She __________________________________________________________________________ . 3 He is a magician. He always does some research. He ___________________________________________________________________________ .

Vocabulary and Listening

1 Circle the correct option.

1 We must take a ____________________ against bullying! a) look b) photo c) risk d) stand 2 Adults need to step in and help us sort ____________________ such problems. s. a) on b) out c) of d) off

3

____________________ to your senses, girl! Don’t believe everything you hear. ar. a) Arrive b) Take c) Come d) Go 4 They have focused ____________________ poverty and disease around the world. orld. a) at b) in c) on d) of

2

2.05

Listen and circle the odd one out in each column.

/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /ɪə/ /ʊə/ /eə/ /aʊ/ /əʊ//aʊ/ /əʊ/

may animated enjoy idea where software louder upload Facebook iconic proud fear pure chairman Windows own create design toy seat endure aspire founder videos giant Microsoft join years cure their how without

Diphthongs consist of more than one sound.

3

2.06 Listen and complete some useful pieces of advice about

what to do if you are cyberbullied.

If you are cyberbullied, this is what to do:

1

______________________ the cyberbully. This can quite discourage e the bullies.

2 If the harassment continues, ______________________ . 3 Block or ______________________ the person. Also block emails from specific email addresses. 4 If someone continuously sends you messages that you don’t like,

consider changing your ______________________ address or

______________________ . 5 If someone has hacked into your profi le, change your ______________________ . 6 If someone creates a false profile pretending to be you, contact the company that runs the ______________________ to remove the profile or posted comments.

7

______________________ to someone you trust. When ______________________ gets out of control, talking to an adult can be very helpful, especially if you feel upset and scared. If you feel uncomfortable talking to a parent, you can talk to a teacher, coach, or other ______________________ family member such as an uncle or an aunt. You don’t need to feel like you are alone in this.

D

Grammar Past Modals

1 Circle the correct option.

1 We __________ interrupt the back-up process because it wasn’t over yet. a) was able to b) were able to c) couldn’t d) could 2 Simon __________ get up early yesterday morning because he had an appointment at 8 a.m. a) had to b) had c) has to d) have to 3 Anne __________ do her maths assignment by herself because it was very easy. a) wasn’t able to b) was able to c) were able to d) couldn’t 4 I’m so sad! I lost my mobile phone yesterday, I __________ find it anywhere. a) had to b) didn’t have to c) could d) couldn’t 5 My parents __________ use my laptop because I told them my password. a) wasn’t able to b) were able to c) should d) couldn’t 6 I __________ finish the project yesterday because the teacher postponed the deadline. a) had to b) didn’t have to c) should d) shouldn’t

2 Cross out the incorrect option in each sentence.

1 My cousin was able to / could fix my computer when it broke down. 2 Karen’s parents were / weren’t able to reach her on her mobile phone because she was in class. 3 Sean could / couldn’t write software when he was only 12 years old. 4 Were / Was Professor Wilson’s students able to prepare the presentation on time? 5 Our dad didn’t have to / had to go to work yesterday because he had a day off. 6 My uncle could / was able to save all the data when his computer crashed. 7 We had to / didn’t have to hurry up because we were late for our class. ss.

3 Complete sentences about yourself when you were fi ve years old.

When I was fi ve years old ...

1 I could _______________________________________________________________________ . 2 I couldn’t _____________________________________________________________________ . 3 I was able to ___________________________________________________________________ . 4 I wasn’t able to _________________________________________________________________ . 5 I had to _______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ . . 6 I didn’t have to _________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 6 I didn’t have to __________________________ . .

4 Write a sentence with should have for each picture. Use the words in brackets.

1 (close / the window) She ________________________. ____________________________. 2 (wear / warmer clothes) He _________________________ ____________________________.

1

3 (use / public transport) They ________________________. ____________________________. 4 (go / to bed earlier)

My dad ______________________. ____________________________.

2 3 4

5 Choose and tick the sentence a) or b) that has a similar meaning to the model sentence.

1 Why didn’t Alex come to the café last night? – I think he might have forgotten. a) I’m sure he forgot all about it. ______ b) Perhaps he forgot all about it. ______ 2 They can’t have done it. a) It’s possible that they did it. ______ b) It’s impossible that they did it. ______ 3 Kate must have ordered these books via Internet. a) We are quite certain that she did. ______ b) It’s impossible that she did. ______ 4 She could have told her parents about cyberbullying on Facebook but she was embarrassed to do so. a) She told her parents about it. ______ b) She didn’t tell her parents about it. _____

6 Complete the dialogue. Use might / must / shouldn’t have + past participle of the verb in brackets.

A

Look, there’s a parcel in front of the door. The postman ___________________________ (leave) it there.

B

A B A B

He ___________________________ (leave) it there. He is not allowed to do that. A passer-by ___________________________ (take) it. You ___________________________ (be) out when he came. That’s impossible, I haven’t been out all day. Is it possible that you didn’t hear the doorbell? Well, yes. I ___________________________ (be) in the bathroom, taking a shower.

Across Cultures

1 Write the numbers. Don’t forget commas and decimal points.

1 a hundred thousand

2

five hundred and fi fty-fi ve __________________ 3 two point nine 4 the forty-third 5 a quarter 6 eight million 7 one third

8 nine billion

2 Fill in the gaps with a suitable word. The fi rst letter of each word is given.

1

H __________________________ cities are centres of innovation and technological development.

2 Amsterdam is usually called ‘V __________________________ of the North.’

3 Some people call S __________________________ a city reaching for the clouds because its skyscrapers are among the tallest in the world.

4 Burj Khalifa, the tallest s __________________________ in the world, is situated in Dubai.

5 Singapore implemented a high-tech system for charging vehicles on main roads to avoid traffi c j__________________________ during rush hours.

6 Tokyo is the c __________________________ of Japan.

7 The D __________________________ built the IJburg District where people live in floating homes on water.

3 Correct the italicised word collocations in the sentences.

Write the correct ones on the lines provided.

1 There are fewer fuel jams in the streets of Singapore due to a system for charging vehicles on main roads. __________________________ _ _______ 2 Neon energy can save money and improve our environment. __________________________ 3 Urban charging is concerned with improving ng quality of life in urban areas through development of infrastructure. __________________________ 4 A lot of people get caught in the afternoon bustling hour on their way home from work. k. __________________________

4 Write the appropriate noun from the adjectives in CAPITALS.

1 The total ____________________ of Burj Khalifa in Dubai is 829.8 metres. 2 The ____________________ of Shanghai Metro is 676 kilometres.

3

The ____________________ of 9 de Julio Avenue in Buenos Aires is 140 metres which makes it the widest street in the world.

4 The ____________________ of North Korea’s Pyongyang Metro is 110 meters.

HIGH

LONG

WIDE

DEEP

Writing A Formal Letter of Complaint

1 Read the advertisement and write a formal letter of complaint using the given notes. Read the model letter in the student’s book, p. 46 and the writing guide to help you.

Writing guide

These are some common phrases you can use when writing a formal letter of complaint:

Reason for writing  I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with ...; I am writing to complain about ... First complaint  Firstly; My fi rst complaint is ... Further complaints  Secondly; Also; In addition to this; To make matters worse; Furthermore, ... Mentioning negative consequences  I'm afraid that ...; Unfortunately, ... Expressing dissatisfaction  I feel it is absolutely unacceptable ...; I am disappointed because ... Demanding action  I therefore suggest that you ...; I would like to request that ...; I would be grateful if you could replace the item; I demand a full refund. Ending the letter  I look forward to hearing from you; I look forward to receiving a full refund; I look forward to your reply and a resolution to my problem; Thank you in advance.

slow response response

it overheats it overheats

missing

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Dear Sir / Madam,