Lets play English 1, енглески језик, уџбеник за први разред основне школе
Божидар Никић
OVER THE MOON 7
УЏБЕНИК
ЕНГЛЕСКИ ЈЕЗИК ЗА 7. РАЗРЕД
Главни уредник
Проф. др Бошко Влаховић
Одговорни уредник Доц. др Наташа Филиповић
Предметни уредник Наталија Кантар
Рецензенти Лара Штамбук, професор енглеског језика и књижевности, ОШ „Милан Ђ. Милићевић”, Београд
Гордана Ракић, професор енглеског језика и књижевности, ОШ „Милан Ђ. Милићевић”, Београд Татјана Ћосић, професор енглеског језика и књижевности, ОШ „Доситеј Обрадовић”, Београд
ChocolatePassive (Present Simple) Quantifiers Articles 1 Verbs of Sense
Forgotten by Time Passive (Past Simple) Used to Relative Pronouns Uncountable Nouns
Indoor and Outdoor Activities Countries and Nationalities A Polyglot
Quantity Expressions Types of Food and Nutrients
Preparing Food Tastes
Natural Disasters
The City and the Countryside
Healthy Eating
British and American English Numbers In the City
3 law and Order pages 39–52 Crime and Criminals Past Simple and Past Continuous Modal Verbs (Obligation, Permission, Prohibition) Reporting Commands and Requests Crime Bad Behaviour and Punishment Breaking the Rules
4 The Way We are pages 53–66 The Clothes We Wear
Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs Present Perfect One/ Ones / Another / Another one
5 Music to My Ears pages 67–80 Music(Not) as…as ■ Too ■ Enough Present Perfect and Past Simple Articles 2
6 planet Earth pages 81–94 Global IssuesFirst Conditional Future Forms (Will, Be Going To, Present Continuous)
7 Our Modern World pages 95–108
8 in My book pages 109–116
The World Wide Web
Indefinite Pronouns Gerunds and Infinitives Conditionals Passive Reflexive Pronouns
Book ReviewsTense Review Question Tags Will vs. May / Might
Phrasal Verbs
Appearance and Personality Clothes and Fabrics
Describing People
Musical Instruments
Similes (as + adjective + as) Types of Music, Musicians and Collocations
Adjectives Ending in -ed /-ing Adverbs of Degree Performing Music
The Environment Going Green Hobbies and Interests Green Schools Project
The Internet Negative Prefixes Holidays Modern Inventions
Literature Books and Films Antonyms
Books vs. Films
Talking about indoor and outdoor activities
Talking about countries and capital cities
Talking about chocolate
Talking about healthy food and cooking
Talking about eating out
Talking about food festivals
Talking about eating habits
Talking about life in the city / the countryside
Talking about past facts and habits
Talking about English
Talking about your town / city
Talking about crimes
Talking about bad behaviour, breaking the rules and punishment
Talking about obligations, permission and prohibition
Discussing unique schools and school rules
Talking about news stories
Talking about clothes and fashion
Discussing fashion trends, styles and ways of putting old clothes to good use
Comparing people, places and things
Describing people
Talking about shopping habits
Talking about national costumes
Talking about music and musical instruments
Discussing types of music and musicians
Talking about music festivals and carnivals
Talking about a favourite celebrity
Talking about the world’s most pressing issues
Discussing how to reduce carbon emissions
Talking about future plans and arrangements
Predicting the future
Talking about the Internet and social media
Talking about inventions
Talking about imaginary situations
Giving advice
Talking about hotels
Talking about
Comparing
Joining a Club
Welcome to the Club
Indoor and Outdoor Activities
1 Match the activities with the photos.
2 Talk to a partner.
What do you like doing in your spare time?
Have you tried any of the activities from ex. 1? Which one(s) would you like to try / take up?
Westgate Youth Club
3 Read the leaflet below and write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
1 Westgate Youth Club accepts children who are younger than 8.
2 It runs drama classes during the whole year
3 There is a swimming pool in the youth club.
4 The club is open every day.
5 You don’t have to pay to become a member.
Edukapromo
WESTGATE YOUTH CLUB
Are you looking for fun ways to spend your free time?
Do you enjoy doing creative and exciting things?
Would you like to make new friends?
If the answer to all these questions is YES, then you should come and join us.
Westgate Youth Club is open to all young people aged 8 to 19. It offers a wide range of indoor and outdoor activities throughout the year, from drama and dance classes to hiking and skateboarding. This summer we are organizing some special projects and activities, such as canoeing and orienteering, so don’t miss the opportunity to take part in at least one of them!
We’re open on all weekdays from 5 to 9 p.m. and on Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
There are no membership fees!
If you need further information, call us on 079514727332 or email info@wyx.com.
4 Match the words and phrases from the leaflet with their meanings.
1 Would you like to...? a want to find out more 2 offers b a lot of different 3 a wide range of c participate
opportunity d provides 5 take part E Do you want to...? 6 need further information F chance
Joining a Club
5 Match 1-6 with a-F.
1 first name a Miller 2 family name b chelsea_m@hmail.com
3 date of birth c 3rd July 2005
4 address d Chelsea 5 email E 077474233763
6 mobile phone F 124 Belsize Avenue
6 1.01 listen to a conversation in a youth club and complete the application form.
First name Adrian Family name Date of birth Address Email Mobile phone
Edukapromo
7 listen again and answer the questions.
1 Where does Adrian live?
2 How long is he staying in Westgate?
3 How did he hear about the youth club?
4 What would Adrian like to learn?
5 Which activity does he choose?
8 1.02 complete the sentences with the missing words. Then listen and check.
1 What is your _________ name? And your _________ name?
2 Sorry, how do you _________ that?
3 _________ you tell me your date of _________?
4 What is your _________?
5 Have you _________ an email?
6 Can I _________ your mobile phone number, _________?
7 So, which of our classes or activities _________ you like to take _________ in?
8 We’ll give you a _________ tomorrow and let you _________ when you are going to start.
9 Work in pairs. Take turns being a new member of the youth club and a receptionist. Use the activities from exercise 1 and the sentences from exercise 8.
What’s the Capital of Portugal?
Vocabulary
Countries and Nationalities
1 1.03 Complete the table with the missing words. Then listen and check.
countryThe capitalNationality
The UK
British
Washington D.C.American
FranceParis
AustriaVienna
BudapestHungarian
Portugal Portuguese
China Beijing
The Netherlands Dutch
CopenhagenDanish
2 Talk to a partner.
Have you ever been to any of the countries or cities from the table in exercise 1? When did you go there? What did you like best? Which countries or cities would you like to visit? Why?
Listening
A Polyglot
3 1.04 listen to an interview with a girl called anna. Which countries, cities and nationalities are mentioned?
4 listen again and choose the correct answers.
2 Anna thinks that she is ______________. a) talented
Edukapromo
1 A polyglot is ______________ several different languages. a) a person who understands b) a child who knows c) a person who speaks
b) lucky
3 Anna’s mother is ______________.
a) Austrian
c) special
b) Dutch c) German
4 Anna and her family are now living in ______________. a) Portugal
b) the Netherlands
5 Anna has French classes ______________ a week. a) once
c) Denmark
b) twice c) three times
6 She wants to write a ______________ in French. a) short story
b) poem
c) book
Present Tenses
5 Choose the correct verb forms.
1 Today we talk / are talking to a girl called Anna.
2 Anna is British. She comes / is coming from the UK.
3 At the moment she and her parents live / are living in Lisbon.
4 She doesn’t think / isn’t thinking that she is special.
5 Anna often reads / is often reading French magazines.
6 This week she writes / is writing a short story in French.
6 Look at the sentences from ex. 5 and complete the rules with the words in the box.
repeated around temporary verbs facts at
RUlEs
We use the present simple:
• for 1 ______________ and general truths (sentence 2);
• for routines and 2__________ actions (often with adverbs of frequency: always, usually, normally, often, sometimes, rarely, hardly ever, never) (sentence 5);
• with state 3 ______________ (be, believe, belong, hate, have (possession), know, like, love, mean, need, prefer, seem, suppose, think, understand, want, etc.) (sentence 4).
We use the present continuous:
• for actions happening 4__________ the moment of speaking (sentence 1);
• for actions happening 5__________ the moment of speaking (sentence 6);
• for 6__________ actions (sentence 3).
7 complete the sentences using the present simple or the present continuous.
1 My dad usually __________ (drive) to work, but today he __________ (take) a bus.
2 Look! They __________ (eat) ice cream in the middle of January! That’s weird!
3 I __________ (not mind) doing the washing-up, but I __________ (hate) ironing.
4 I __________ (study) a lot for my exam at the moment, but I still __________ (not, think) that I’ll get an A.
5 It’s 1 p.m. and my brother _________ (still, lie) in bed. He _________ (not want) to get up.
8 Tick the correct sentences and correct the wrong ones.
Edukapromo
1 'What are you doing?' 'I’m an engineer.'
2 James is a polyglot. He is speaking six languages.
3 I don’t often go to my local youth club.
4 They come from the USA, but they are now working in the Netherlands.
5 She is having tennis practice three times a week.
9 complete the questions using the present simple or the present continuous.
1 How often ______ you _______ swimming? (go)
2 _______ you _______ for a competition at the moment? (prepare)
3 How many languages ______ your best friend _______? (speak)
4 ______ you usually _______ your grandparents at weekends? (visit)
5 Who ____________ in front of you now? (sit) ask and answer the questions with a partner.
Food for Thought
Reading
Chocolate
Grammar
Passive (Present Simple)
Quantifiers Articles 1
Verbs of Sense
Vocabulary
Quantity Expressions
Types of Food and Nutrients Preparing Food Tastes
Listening
Healthy Eating
Speaking
Talking about chocolate
Talking about healthy food and cooking
Talking about eating out
Talking about food festivals
Talking about eating habits
Communication
Eating Out
Across Cultures
Food Festivals
Writing
Chocolate
1 Talk to a partner.
Do you like chocolate? How much and how often do you eat it?
Do you think it is healthy?
Do you know anything about the history of chocolate or how it is made?
2 1.05 Read and listen to the text. Which paragraph
1 explains how chocolate is made?
2 mentions different types of chocolate?
3 says that most people like chocolate?
4 mentions some benefits of dark chocolate?
5 gives a brief history of chocolate?
From bean to bar
There are a few things that almost everyone loves and chocolate is undoubtedly one of them. Today this cocoa-based product comes in different forms and flavours and it is used in many desserts such as cakes and ice cream. However, its history goes back a long way.
The first people who made chocolate were some of the ancient civilizations of Mexico and Central America, including the Aztecs and the Maya. They used the seeds from the cocoa tree to make a spicy, bitter drink called ‘xocolatl’. Cocoa beans were so precious that they were used as money and only the rich could afford to drink chocolate. When the first Spanish explorers came to Mexico in the early 16th century, they discovered chocolate, but they didn’t like its bitter taste. They brought it back to Spain and sweetened it by adding sugar. The Spanish kept it a secret for over a century before it reached the rest of Europe, where it soon became a very popular drink. However, it was only in 1847 that the first solid chocolate bar was made by an English company. A few decades later the Swiss created the first milk chocolate.
Chocolate is made from the seeds, or ‘beans’, of the cocoa tree, which grows only near the equator. Cocoa beans are found inside pods (oval-shaped fruits) which grow on trees. Each pod contains a white pulp and about 30-50 beans. The pods are cut off and split open to take out the beans. First the beans are fermented for several days and during this process the sugar in the pulp is transformed into alcohol. After the cocoa beans are dried, they are sent to chocolate manufacturers, where they go through many stages of processing before chocolate is produced.
The most common types of chocolate are dark, milk and white chocolate. Dark chocolate, also known as ‘plain chocolate’, usually contains more than 70 percent of cocoa and very little or no milk. White chocolate is not even real chocolate as it is made from sugar, milk and cocoa butter (which is fat extracted from cocoa beans), but has no cocoa solids.
Eating large amounts of chocolate is certainly bad for you. However, studies show that dark chocolate with a high percentage of cocoa has many health benefits. It is said to be good for the heart, blood circulation and brain and it also helps you feel happier. So, next time you are feeling down, have some chocolate, but be careful which type you choose and remember the long journey it has made from the simple bean to your favourite bar.
3 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 Who first made chocolate? What did it taste like?
2 When did the Spanish discover chocolate?
3 Where do cocoa trees grow?
4 What is fermentation?
5 What are the most common types of chocolate?
4 Write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
1 Cocoa beans were very valuable and they were used as money.
2 The English made the first chocolate bar in the 18th century.
3 Cocoa beans are first fermented and dried before they are sent to factories.
4 Milk chocolate is more popular than dark chocolate.
5 Not all dark chocolate is healthy.
5 Match the words from the text with their definitions.
1 undoubtedly a arrive somewhere
2 flavour b a company that makes goods in large numbers
3 contain c certainly, without doubt
4 reach d simple, without a lot of things added
5 manufacturer E how food or drink tastes
6 plain F to have something inside, to include
Vocabulary
Quantity Expressions
6 Look at the photos and complete the gaps with the words in the box.
Edukapromo
5
7 choose the correct words.
1 My family eats a loaf / bar of bread every day.
2 My mother usually has a bottle / cup of coffee after breakfast.
3 I often have a slice / loaf of pizza for dinner.
4 There is a jar / bowl of peanut butter in my kitchen cupboard.
5 My father always carries a can / bunch of keys in his pocket.
Talk to a partner. Which sentences are true for you?
Passive (Present Simple)
1 complete the sentences with the words from the text.
1 Chocolate ____ made from the seeds, or ‘beans’, of the cocoa tree.
2 After the cocoa beans are , they sent to chocolate manufacturers.
3 It is ____ to be good for the heart, circulation and brain and it also helps you feel happier.
Affirmative
Questions
active Farmers in hot countries grow cocoa beans. do they make chocolate in Ghana?
passive Cocoa beans are grown by farmers in hot countries. is chocolate made in Ghana?
2 Look at the table and the sentences from exercise 1 and choose the correct words in bold.
RUlEs
To form the present passive we use the verb be / have in the present and the past simple / past participle of the verb.
The subject / object of the active sentence becomes the subject / object in the passive. We use the passive when we know / don’t know or when it is / isn’t important who does the action. When we want to say who performs the action, we use the preposition from / by.
3 Choose the correct verb forms.
1 Cheese makes / is made from milk.
2 China produces / is produced lots of rice.
3 The cats feed / are fed twice a day.
4 English speaks / is spoken all over the world.
5 My parents drink / are drunk coffee every morning.
4 Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
1 People buy books online every day.
2 People drink tea all over the world.
3 They don’t serve lunch until noon.
4 People usually wear gloves in the winter.
5 Millions of tourists visit France every year.
5 Complete the questions with the passive form of the verbs in the box. Then match the questions with the answers.
sell borrow teach show make write
1 How ______ paper ________?
Edukapromo
2 Where ______ meat ________?
3 Where ______ films ________?
4 Who ______ books ________by?
5 Where ______ books ________ from?
6 Who ______ students at universities ________ by?
a Professors.
b At the cinema.
c Authors.
d Libraries.
E From trees.
F At the butcher’s.
6 Complete the questions with the passive form of the verbs in brackets. Then answer the questions in small groups.
1 What kind of food __________________ (usually eat) in a hurry?
2 Which fruit __________________ (grow) in your country?
3 What kind of drinks __________________ (usually sell) in bottles?
4 Which holidays __________________ (celebrate) in the winter?
5 Which team sports __________________ (often play) in your school?
Vocabulary
Healthy Eating
Types of Food and Nutrients
1 Match the words with the photos. cucumber yoghurt pork fig aubergine corn currant trout
2 complete the spidergram with the words from exercise
3 Read the definition and try to guess which word in the box is not a nutrient. nutrient /ˈnjuːtriənt/ = any substance in food that people, animals and plants need to live and grow protein mineral fat energy water carbohydrate vitamin
4 1.06 Read the sentences and discuss whether they are true or false. Then listen to the radio interview with a health expert and check your answers.
1 We need energy for everything we do.
2 The main sources of energy are carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.
3 You can live for many days without food, but not without water.
4 Healthy snacks include dark chocolate and nuts.
5 Fresh fruit and vegetables are always healthier than frozen ones.
5 listen again and choose the correct answers.
1 According to David, a lot of young people think / don’t think about the food they eat.
2 Butter and meat contain good / bad fats.
3 Calcium and iron are vitamins / minerals
4 David mentions an experiment to show that fizzy drinks have no nutrients / a lot of sugar
5 David says that you should sometimes / never skip breakfast.
6 Talk to a partner.
Do you have a balanced diet? Is there anything you never / rarely eat? Why? How often do your parents cook? Do you ever prepare food?
Quantifiers
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
few a few some many much a lot a little no plenty several
1 ____ ____ of people say that eating too ____ fat is not healthy.
2 How portions of fruit and vegetables should we have on a daily basis? It’s good to have ____ portions a day – ideally five.
3 That’s why you should drink ____ of water, about two litres a day.
4 You can always have ____ dark chocolate, ____ ____ fruit or ____ ____nuts.
5 They just grab something to eat which gives them energy but has ____ or ____nutrients.
2 Complete the table with the quantifiers from exercise 1.
Countable nounsUncountable nounsBoth countable and uncountable little any a _______ of / lots of _______ of
3 Look at the sentences below and match 1-4 with A-D.
If you are a bit hungry, take a little fruit or a few nuts
Few teenagers think about the food they eat. Their parents are often busy and have little time to cook.
1 a little a some, a small number (positive meaning / countable nouns)
2 little b some, a small amount (positive meaning / uncountable nouns)
3 a few c not much / almost nothing (negative meaning / uncountable nouns)
4 few d not many / almost none (negative meaning / countable nouns)
4 complete the sentences with little, a little, few or a few.
1 Luckily the children haven’t eaten the whole cake. There’s __________ bit left for you.
2 Sam has got __________ friends here. He’s quite lonely.
3 Can I ask you __________ questions? There is something I don’t understand.
4 Hurry up! We’ve got very __________ time before our plane leaves.
Edukapromo
5 choose the correct words.
1 It’s better to have several / lots small meals than two large ones.
2 You mustn’t have some / any chocolate after lunch because you’ve already eaten too much / too many sweets today.
3 We’ve got little / a little money left. Shall we buy some / any ice-cream?
4 ‘How much / many fruit shall I buy?’ ‘You can buy few / a few apricots and pears, but we need no / any oranges as we’ve already got a little / plenty.’
6 Talk to a partner.
Do you drink plenty of water? Do you eat too many sweets / too much chocolate? How many portions of fruit and vegetables do you have each day?
Grammar
Articles 1
7 Look at the sentences below and complete the rules with the words in the box.
Water is a nutrient Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are nutrients that give us energy. David is a health expert. He says that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. meals singular countable plural countable jobs uncountable
RUlEs
We use the indefinite article (a/an) with: We use no article with:
2 __________________ or professions. 4 __________________ nouns used in a general sense; 5 the names of __________________.
Vocabulary
Preparing Food
8 Write the verbs in the box under the photos. grate slice bake stir pour melt _______ the sauce _______ some water _______ the cake _______ the vegetables _______ the chocolate _______ the carrots
9 Complete the recipe. Choose the correct words and use the verbs from exercise 8.
Edukapromo
Courgette soufflé
ingredients
Method
courgettes First 1 _____________ several / plenty eggs
Heat some oil in a / – large saucepan and add little / a little garlic butter and the courgettes. Cook them and then remove them from the heat oil and season with some / any salt and pepper. flour
2_____________ the butter and then add some flour. milk Cook for a / an minute and then 3_____________ some hot milk. cheese 4_____________ the sauce well and add a few / few eggs. salt and pepper
5_____________ some cheese and add it to the mixture.
6_____________ in a / – preheated oven for about half a / an hour.
Eating Out
1 Talk to a partner.
How often do you eat out?
What kind of food do you usually buy / order?
Vocabulary
Tastes
2 Match the tastes with the types of food.
sweet a 90% dark
3 look at the menu and answer the questions.
1 Which food from the menu can you see in the photos?
2 Which dishes do you expect to be savoury / sweet / spicy?
3 Which drinks do you expect to be bitter / sour?
sidE disHEs
4 1.07 listen to a dialogue in a restaurant and complete the sentences with the missing words. Use one or two words.
1 Both the girl and the boy choose the ________________ for the starter.
2 The waiter recommends ________________ because it is fresh.
3 The girl has the ________________ for the main course.
4 The boy wants to drink _______________ juice and the girl orders only ______________.
Waiter: Are you ready to order?
girl: I think so. For the starter, I’d like the tomato soup, please.
boy: The same for me, please.
Waiter: And for the main course?
boy: Is there anything you would recommend?
Waiter: Grilled salmon is today’s special. It’s really fresh.
boy: That sounds good. I’ll have that and boiled potatoes, please.
Waiter: All right.
girl: And I’ll have the roast chicken, please.
Waiter: Would you like chips or rice with your chicken?
girl: Chips, please.
Waiter: What would you like to drink?
boy: I’ll have an orange juice, please. girl: And I’ll just have a glass of water.
boy: Oh, there’s my salmon. It looks yummy! girl: And my chicken smells so good! boy: I’m sure everything tastes delicious.
Waiter: Enjoy your meal!
Boy/Girl: Thank you!
Waiter: Would you like anything for dessert?
girl: No, thanks. This was lovely. boy: Could we have the bill, please?
Waiter: Of course. How would you like to pay?
boy: By credit card. It’s my treat today.
girl: Oh, thank you! That is very nice of you.
5 1.08 complete the sentences with the missing words. Then listen and check.
Waiter customer
Are you ready to 1________?
And for the main 3________?
→ I think so. For the 2 ________, I’d like the tomato soup, please.
→ Is there 4________ you would recommend?
Grilled salmon is today’s 5 → That 6________ good. I’ll have that and boiled potatoes, please.
What 7________ you like to drink? → I’ll 8 ________ an orange juice, please.
Would you like anything for 9________?
Of course.
How would you like to 11________?
→ No, thanks. This was lovely.
← Could we have the 10________, please?
→ By credit card.
6 1.09 listen to the questions and choose the appropriate responses.
1 a) I like vegetable soup. b) I want pork ribs. c) I’ll have the lamb curry, please.
2 a) Yes, please. b) Nothing, please.
3 a) A cappuccino, please. b) Tea.
4 a) Sure.
c) Rice, please.
c) I wouldn’t like anything.
b) It was delicious. c) So-so.
5 a) Cash. b) Credit.
Grammar
Verbs of Sense
c) No, thank you.
7 Look at the sentences below and complete the rule by choosing the correct word. That sounds good. It looks yummy! I’m sure everything tastes delicious.
RUlE
Edukapromo
We use the verbs look, feel, sound, smell and taste with an adjective / an adverb
8 Complete the sentences using the verbs and adjectives in the boxes. feel smell look sounds tastes tired strange relaxing safe wonderful
1 I can’t eat this cheese. I’ve tried it and it __________ a bit __________.
2 These flowers are beautiful and they _________ _________, too.
3 You __________ really __________! What time did you go to bed last night?
4 This music __________ so __________. I think I’m going to fall asleep soon.
5 I don’t __________ __________in the car with you. You should drive more carefully!
9 Work in pairs. Take turns being a waiter / waitress and a customer. Look at the menu and use the phrases from exercise 5. you may have to change some of the words in blue.
aCRoSS CULTUReS
Food Festivals
1 look at the photos on pages 20-21. What do you think happens at these festivals? What kind of food is eaten / used?
2 Read the text and match paragraphs a–F with photos 1–6.
amazing Food Festivals
Every year, hundreds of food festivals are held around the world. Here are some of the most interesting ones.
a Hokitika Wildfoods Festival
Held in mid-March in a small town of Hokitika on the west coast of New Zealand, the Wildfoods Festival is without doubt one of the world’s weirdest food festivals. Visitors can try a wide selection of unusual dishes and every year new wild foods are introduced. So if you’ve never tasted scorpions, wild pork or lambs’ tails, this is your chance! There are plenty of snacks on offer, from worms to grasshoppers, but the less adventurous don’t need to worry – there are always ‘normal’ dishes, which include frogs’ legs or snails in garlic.
b Moon Festival
The Moon Festival, also known as the MidAutumn Festival, is the second most important festival in China (after the Chinese New Year). Each year on the fifteenth day of the eight lunar month people gather to celebrate the year’s harvest and make sacrifices to the moon.
When the full moon appears, lanterns are lit and round pastries known as ‘mooncakes’ are eaten. They are usually filled with red-bean or lotus-seed paste, but they can also contain fruit, chocolate or savoury fillings.
c pizzafest
Pizzafest, the largest celebration of pizza, takes place in the city of Naples, which is believed to be the birthplace of Italy’s most famous food. It is organized every September and lasts for about a week. During that time you can enjoy a variety of unique pizzas made by the world’s top pizza makers. The festival features music and entertainment performances and a contest in which the world’s best pizza maker is chosen.
d chinchilla Melon Festival
Those who want to go skiing in the middle of summer should head to the Australian town of Chinchilla, where the Melon festival is held in February every second year. Over 20 tonnes of watermelons are donated by local farmers for this event. About 800 of them are eaten and even more are used for activities like watermelonskiing, chariot racing or a massive watermelon fight at the end of the festival.
E Fête du citron
Fête du Citron, or Lemon Festival, is a unique event which attracts over 200,000 visitors every year. It takes place in February in the town of Menton on the French Riviera. During the threeweek festival over 140 tonnes of oranges and lemons are used to build huge sculptures. Some of the creations include giant castles, dinosaurs, elephants and dragons.
F la Tomatina
Every August the Spanish town of Buñol is visited by tens of thousands of people who come from across the globe to take part in the world's biggest food fight. Trucks full of tomatoes drive into the town and the crowds go wild as they throw tomatoes at each other. There is one important rule, though. All the tomatoes must be crushed before they are thrown so that no one gets hurt.
5 includes activities in which a lot of food is wasted?
6 isn’t held in Europe?
5 Find the synonyms in the text for 1–5. 1 huge 2 available 3 around the world 4 choice 5 includes
6 Talk to a partner. Which festival(s) would you like to visit? Why? Are there any food festivals in your town / country?
PROJECT ■ A food festival
Write about a food festival from your / another country or invent your own food festival. Say:
• where and when it is held.
• how many people it is visited by
• what kind of food is eaten.
• what else is done during the festival. Find photos for your project.
A Report on a Survey
1 Read the text and write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
1 The report presents the results of a survey about eating habits.
2 Most pupils buy sweets every week.
3 Everybody drinks more than one glass of water a day.
4 There isn’t anybody who eats fish twice or three times a week.
5 Most students send text messages to their friends while having a meal.
Report ▪ Eating Habits
A group of ten students took part in a survey about eating habits. About 50% of them have a homemade meal every day. Almost all the students buy fast food every week, but very few of them have at least two portions of fruit and vegetables a day.
Most students drink a few glasses of water a day. Nobody drinks only one glass and a few of them drink at least a litre. More than half of the pupils eat fish once a week. A few of them eat fish once a month, but nobody eats it twice or three times a week.
50% of the students usually talk to their family while eating. A few of them watch TV and few text their friends while having a meal.
2 complete the survey.
SURVEY ▪ Eating Habits
Part 1
1 Do you have a home-made meal every day? yes No
2 Do you buy fast food every week? yes No
3 Do you have at least two portions of fruit and vegetables a day? yes No
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Part 2
1 How much water do you drink each day?
a) One glass.
b) A few glasses.
c) At least a litre.
2 How often do you eat fish?
a) Once a month.
b) Once a week.
c) Twice or three times a week.
3 What do you usually do while eating?
a) I talk to my family.
b) I watch TV.
c) I text a friend.
3 Match columns a and b.
1 All the students / Everybody a 0/10 (zero out of ten)
2 Nobody b 1,2/10
3 Almost all the (students) c 3,4/10
4 50% (of them) d 5/10
5 (Very) few students E 6/10
6 Most (pupils) F 7,8/10
7 More than half (of them) g 9/10
8 A few pupils H 10/10 (ten out of ten)
All the / Most / Few students + plural verb
Everybody / Nobody + singular verb
4 carry out a survey with ten students in your class. ask them the questions from exercise 2 and write the results in the table below.
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
5 Write a report on the survey.
Plan before you write.
paragraph 1
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Introduction and the results of Part 1 of the survey.
paragraph 2
The results of Part 2 of the survey (Questions 1 and 2).
paragraph 3
The results of Part 2 of the survey (Question 3).
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Fun Page
Riddles
a) What never asks questions but is often answered? b) What is black and white and red all over?
FOOd QUiz
1 People who don’t eat meat are called _____. a) vegetables b) vegetarians c) non-vegans
2 The rice dish ‘paella’ comes from _____. a) Italy b) France c) Spain
3 The most popular fruit in the world is _____. a) the apple b) the orange c) the banana
4 The world’s favourite ice cream flavor is _. a) chocolate b) vanilla c) strawberry
Food Idioms
Match the idioms with their definitions.
a not be the type of thing you like
b very little money
c full of energy
d have a lot of things or problems to deal with
E someone who spends a lot of time sitting and watching television
Jokes
Why did the students eat their homework? Because the teacher said that it was a piece of cake. Why do the French like to eat snails? Because they don’t like fast food!
5 A dried plum is known as a _____. a) prune b) raisin c) date
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6 ‘Maize’ is another word for _____. a) wheat b) corn c) barley
3 a couch potato 2 peanuts
complete the sentences with the food idioms
1 not be someone’s cup of tea
4 have a lot/too much on your plate
5 full of beans
1 These children are _________________. They got up early this morning and they are still playing outside.
2 I’ve had enough of this job. I work long hours and I am paid _________________!
3 The theatre is not _________________. I’d rather go to a football match instead.
4 Alan has become a real _________________. He just sits at home watching TV.
5 I’m working very hard and I have to take care of my grandma who’s ill. I’ve got _________________ at the moment.
Life in the Past
Reading
Forgotten by Time Grammar
Passive (Past Simple) Used to Relative Pronouns
Uncountable Nouns
Vocabulary
Natural Disasters
The City and the Countryside
British and American English Numbers
Listening In the City
Speaking
Talking about life in the city / the countryside
Talking about past facts and habits
Talking about English
Talking about your town / city
Communication
Talking About the Past
Across Cultures
The English Language
Writing
An Article About a Town or a City
A Reading
Vocabulary
Forgotten by Time
Natural Disasters
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. tsunami earthquake drought flood volcanic eruption
1 A _____________ is a very large amount of water that covers an area that was dry before.
2 An ____________ is a sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface.
3 A _____________ happens when magma (hot liquid rock) comes to the surface.
4 A _____________ is a series of waves caused by a violent movement of the earth under the sea
5 A _____________ is a long period with no or very little rain.
2 Look at the photos on pages 26 and 27. Where were these cities? Do you know anything about them?
3 1.10 Read and listen to the text and check the answers. Which natural disaster from exercise 1 isn’t mentioned?
Lost Cities Rediscovered
Machu Picchu
Often called ‘the Lost City of the Incas’, Machu Picchu was constructed around 1450 and abandoned only a century later as a result of the Spanish conquest of South America. Located in the mountains in the Cusco region of Peru, it was hidden to the outside world until 1911 when it was rediscovered by historian Hiram Bingham, who was actually looking for another ancient city.
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Built at the height of the Incan Empire, the city had a complex structure. There are different theories about what it was used for. Some historians believe that it was a holy temple, while others think that it used to be a prison. However, recent research shows that it probably served as an estate for an Incan emperor. Machu Picchu was included in the list of the New Seven Wonders of the World and was declared a *UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.
Pompeii
Located near modern-day Naples, Pompeii was an ancient Roman city which was destroyed after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
When the volcano Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD, it covered Pompeii and the neighbouring town of Herculaneum in several meters of ash and rock. Thousands of people were killed and their bodies were
* UNESCO – The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
frozen in time. The cities were abandoned and their names and locations were forgotten until they were accidentally found many centuries later.
The ruins at Pompeii were first discovered at the end of the 16th century by Italian architect Domenico Fontana. Some walls and frescoes were found, but they were soon buried again and serious excavation did not begin until 1748. The skeletons, material objects and architecture excavated at Pompeii and Herculaneum have been preserved for almost 2,000 years. They are now like a window into the past, showing us what life was like during the early Roman Empire.
Today Pompeii is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Petra
The city of Petra is located in Jordan, in the Middle East. Its name, which means ‘rock’in Greek, probably refers to hundreds of buildings, temples, baths, monuments and tombs that were carved into stone cliffs. It is often called ‘the Rose City’ for its red stone and ‘the Lost City’ because it was hidden to the outside world for centuries.
Built over 2,000 years ago by a tribe of Arab people called the Nabataeans, Petra was a major trading centre for spices, silk and incense. The Nabataeans were successful traders who managed to control floods by using dams and cisterns and store water for long periods of drought. Their ability to control the water supply and Petra’s geographical position were the main reasons for the city’s success. However, after a few earthquakes, Petra was abandoned in the the 6th century and forgotten in the Western world until it was rediscovered by a Swiss explorer in 1812.
In 1985 Petra was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and in 2007 it was named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
4 Find the verbs in the text that have the following meanings:
1 dig carefully in order to find things from the past
2 leave a place
3 put something in the ground or cover it completely so that it can’t be found
4 save something from being damaged or destroyed
5 state something publicly and officially
5 Answer the questions.
Which city
1 wasn’t destroyed by a natural disaster?
2 was rediscovered in the 19th century?
3 was buried in ash for centuries?
4 was abandoned for over 1,000 years?
5 is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World?
6 is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
6 Complete the table.
gR amma R
Passive (Past Simple)
1 Complete the sentences from the text with the missing words. Which lost cities do they refer to?
1 There are different theories about what it used for.
2 In 1985 it was a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
3 Thousands of people killed and their bodies were in time.
2 Look at the sentences from exercise 1 and complete the rule with the correct words.
To form the passive in the past we use was / _________ and the past _________ of the verb.
3 Complete the table with the missing words.
Active
Passive
Affirmative The Nabataeans built Petra over 2,000 years ago. Petra _______ built by the Nabataeans over 2,000 years ago.
Negative They didn’t discover it until 1812.It _______ discovered until 1812.
Questions Did they find any frescoes? _______ any frescoes found?
4 Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Machu Picchu ____________ (not destroy) by an earthquake.
2 It ____________ (hide) to the outside world until 1911.
3 The eruption of Mount Vesuvius ____________ (describe) in a letter which ____________ (write) by Pliny the Younger.
4 The cities ____________ (abandon) and their names and locations ____________ (forget).
5 The ruins at Pompeii ____________ (not discover) in the 15th century.
5 Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
1 Picasso painted Guernica after the Spanish Civil War in 1937.
2 Alfred Hitchcock didn’t direct The Godfather
3 They buried the Egyptian pharaohs in the pyramids.
4 Did France give the Statue of Liberty to the United States?
5 When did they make the first cars?
QUIZ K Ancient Rome
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6 Complete the questions using the past passive form of the verbs in the box. Then choose the correct answers. hold raise build murder found
1 How many hills ________ the ancient city of Rome _______ on? a) three b) five c) seven
2 Who ________ Rome ________ by? Twin brothers Romulus and _______. a) Remus. b) Roma. c) Rex.
3 Who ________the twin brothers ________ by? a) A she-bear. b) A she-goat. c) A she-wolf.
4 Where ________ gladiator fights ________? a) In the Pantheon. b) In the Colosseum. c) In Piazza Navona.
5 Which Roman emperor ________________? a) Claudius b) Hadrian c) Marcus Aurelius
Listening
Life in the City
1 Look at the photos. Where would you prefer to live? Why?
Vocabulary
The City and the Countryside
2 Match the words to form compound nouns.
1 traffic A mall
2 cycle B centre
3 railway C station
4 bus D transport
5 public E lane
6 city F stop
7 shopping G lights
4 1.11 Listen to four people talking about how their lives were different in the past.
Which speaker lived in
A a foreign country?
B a village?
C a small town? __________ D the centre of a big city?
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3 Are these words used to describe a city or a village? Write C (city) or V (village).
1 skyscraper 2 cottage
field 7 crowded
5 Listen again. Complete the sentences with the missing words.
1 Harry moved to the __________ of London two years ago. He didn’t do any sport in the past, but now he plays __________ and goes __________ a few times a week.
2 Carol’s family had a farm in __________. She now lives in a __________ in New York.
3 Jamie lived in the __________ until last year. He often rode a __________ there because there were a lot of cycle __________.
4 Lilly moved to __________ two years ago. Some of her friends’ parents are __________.
6 Talk to a partner.
What are the advantages or disadvantages of living in a big city / the countryside?
What do you like / dislike about living in your village, town or city?
1 Harry used to _________ in the heart of London, but now he lives in the suburbs.
2 Carol _________ use to have many neighbours, but she now shares a building with about two hundred other people.
3 Did Jamie _________ to do more sports when he lived in the Netherlands?
2 Look at the sentences from exercise 1 and choose the correct words in bold.
We use used to to talk about past facts or habits that are still true / that are no longer true.
3 Complete the table with the missing words.
Affirmative I used ____ live in the countryside.
Negative I didn’t ____ to live in a big city.
Questions ____ he use to work in a bank?
4 Complete the sentences using the correct form of used to and the verbs in brackets.
1 We all _______________ (drink) much more milk when we were children.
2 Pete _______________ (not get up) so early, but now he does as his work starts at 7 a.m.
3 I _______________ (not be) crazy about football when I was younger, but I now prefer tennis.
4 _________ you ___________ (have) a lot of toys when you were little?
5 Moira _______________ (not like) olives, but now she eats them almost every day.
5 Look at the pictures of William and Charlotte Spencer. Write five sentences about their lives in the past and now.
6 Work in groups. Write three sentences about what you used / didn’t use to do when you were seven years old. Two sentences should be true and one should be false. Your partners have to guess which sentence is incorrect. Ten years ago
They didn’t use to live in a house, but now they do. / They used to live in a building, but they now live in a house.
7
Talk to your partner about how your life used to be different when you were much younger. Use some of the verbs from the box.
be have live wear play like eat drink read listen to watch collect get up go to bed
Did you use to collect anything when you were younger?
grammar
Yes, I did. I used to collect stickers.
Relative Pronouns
8 Complete the sentences with the missing words.
What time did you use to go to bed?
1 I worked for a bank _________ was also in the city centre.
2 The town _________ I grew up is quite small.
3 I had lots of good friends there _________ I loved spending time with.
4 I have some really cool friends _________ parents are quite famous.
9 Complete the rules with the words in the box.
people places things possessions
1 We use who to talk about
2 We use which to talk about
3 We use where to talk about .
4 We use whose to talk about
I used to go to bed much earlier, maybe at about 8 p.m.
10 Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Use who, which, where or whose. Then compare your sentences with a partner.
1 _________________ is a person _________ job is to help people.
2 _________________ is a film _________ reminds me of my childhood.
3 _________________ is a place _________ you can buy some delicious food.
4 _________________ is someone _________ always makes me laugh.
5 _________________ is a game _________ I used to play when I was little.
QUIZ K Big Cities
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11 Complete the sentences using who, which, where or whose. Then choose the correct words.
1 The name of the country _______ capital city is Wellington is _______. a) Canada b) Australia c) New Zealand
2 The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in Paris _______ was built in _______. a) 1695 b) 1776 c) 1889
3 Peter Minuit is a man _______ bought the island of Manhattan in _______ from local Indians for goods worth $24 in 1626. a) Sydney b) New York c) Los Angeles
4 ______ is a city _______ more than 20 million people live. a) Beijing b) London c) Rio de Janeiro
5 Ho Chi Minh City, ______ used to be called Saigon, is the largest city in ______. a) Vietnam b) India c) Thailand
CommuniC ation Talking About the Past
1 Talk to a partner.
What do you think life used to be like fifty years ago? What do you think children and teenagers used to do in their free time? How were their lives different from those of young people today?
2 1.12 You are going to listen to a conversation between a couple of old friends. Tick the topics they talk about.
Childhood Films
Music Technology Food Transpor
Amelia: Did you enjoy spending time with your family last weekend, Jack?
Jack: I did, although my granddaughter was very disappointed because there was no wi-fi in the hotel. She wonders how I ever survived without the Internet when I was her age.
Amelia: These young people can’t understand we had fun even without mobile phones and all the other gadgets. I remember we used to play hide-and-seek and so many other games when we were children. The only thing they seem to be interested in these days is looking at one screen or another.
Jack: You’re right. The only screen we had was the TV, but we didn’t spend a lot of time watching it. As a child, I preferred playing outside, running around and digging holes in the garden.
Amelia: Why did you dig holes in the garden?
Jack: I wanted to be an archaeologist, you see. I liked to believe there was something buried near my house. It used to drive my mother crazy. What did you want to be when you were young, Amelia?
Amelia: When I was in primary school my dream was to become a teacher. Teachers were
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much more respected than they are now, don’t you think?
Jack: Absolutely Unlike many teenagers today, we used to listen to our teachers and parents.
Amelia: That’s true. I remember I always asked my parents for advice. Nowadays young people don’t talk to their parents any more. Instead they just text each other and share so much information online with friends and even strangers.
Jack: I couldn’t agree more. And not only do they spend most of their time on social media, but they are also too lazy to walk. When I was young I used to go to school on foot.
Amelia: Yes, but you used to live in a small town. I grew up in a city and I had to take a bus to school. However, there didn’t use to be so much traffic in those days.
Jack: Just listen to us, complaining about how life used to be better when we were young! I guess it just shows how old we are.
Amelia: Now, I totally disagree with that. I don’t think we’re old at all. I don’t know about you, but I still feel very young at heart.
3 Complete the sentences from the dialogue with the missing words.
1 I _______ we used to play hide-and-seek and so many other games when we were children.
2 The only thing they seem to be interested in _____ days is looking at one screen or another.
3 ______ a child, I _______ playing outside, running around and digging holes in the garden.
4 Teachers were much more respected than they are _____, don’t you think?
5 Unlike many teenagers _______, we used to listen to our teachers and parents.
6 __________ young people don’t talk to their parents any more.
7 There didn’t use to be so much traffic in _______ days.
4 Read the dialogue again and complete the gaps with the sentences in green.
5 Work in pairs or small groups. Prepare a short dialogue between two adults or an adult and a teenager. Use some of the highlighted words and phrases from exercise 3 and the phrases from exercise 4.
6 Talk to a partner. Do you agree or disagree with these statements? Give reasons to support your opinions.
1 It is always good to ask your parents for advice.
2 Young people spend most of their time on social media.
3 People nowadays share too much information online.
7 Look at the sentence below. Is information a countable or an uncountable noun? They share so much information online with friends and even strangers.
Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb.
The weather was good, so we decided to go to the beach.
All my homework is done, so I’m going to hang out with my friends this evening.
We can’t use a/an with nouns like information or advice, but we can use some / a piece of / a few pieces of.
My grandmother gave me some really good advice.
I would like to give you a few pieces of information that I found very useful.
1 Can you give me an advice please? I’m looking for accommodation, but I don’t know where to start.
2 I haven’t brought much luggage with me.
3 Our English teacher is very strict. He always sets a lot of homeworks.
4 Police are looking for information about a man who hit a pedestrian and drove away.
5 I haven’t heard from Brian since he moved away. Does anyone have a news about him?
aCRoss CuLtuRes The English Language
1 Talk to a partner.
Do you find learning English easy or difficult? Why? What is the hardest thing about learning English?
2 Before you read the text look at the sentences below and try to guess if they are true or false. Discuss in groups.
1 There are more than 1 billion people who are learning English.
2 Old English developed after the fall of the Roman Empire.
3 Vikings conquered England in the 12th century.
4 About 40% of the words in English come from French and Latin.
5 In the 19th century Britain ruled one third of the earth’s surface.
3 Read the text and check your guesses.
A Brief History of English
With more than 360 million native English speakers, a few hundred million people who speak it as a second language and over 1 billion of those who are learning it, English has no doubt become the world’s dominant language. But where did the English language come from and how did it develop?
Early inhabitants of Great Britain spoke Celtic, but when the Romans conquered England, they brought with them their language, Latin. After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, three Germanic tribes, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes arrived in Britain from Denmark and northern Germany. These tribes spoke similar languages which developed into what we now call Old English. It did not sound or look like English today, but many basic English words come from Old English, such as be, house, water, man and woman. The introduction of Christianity at the end of the 6th century and the influence of the church brought more Latin words into the English language. Two centuries later England was invaded by Vikings who brought Old Norse, also a Germanic language. Words derived from Norse include: sky, egg, cake, skin, leg and window
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In 1066 England was conquered by the Normans, who spoke a dialect of old French. Their language heavily influenced English, which during that time changed a lot. For about 300 years English was spoken only by lower classes; the upper classes spoke French, while Latin remained the language of the church and of learning. This explains why nearly 60% of the vocabulary in the English language comes from Latin and French. In the 14th century English became dominant again, but with many French words added. Some of the words of French origin include crown, parliament, court, beauty and art.
After the printing press was invented in the 15th century, books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Most publishing houses were located in London and as a result, the dialect which was spoken there now became the standard. During the English Renaissance many words from Greek and Latin entered English. This period, which lasted from the late 15th to the early 17th century, is also referred to as the age of Shakespeare or the Elizabethan era. In the 18th century England began the Industrial Revolution, which had a big influence on the language as it created the need for new words, such as train, engine, electricity, telephone and camera. The English language further spread with the growth of the British Empire in the 19th century, which at its height covered one quarter of the earth’s surface. The English moved across the world and their language adopted foreign words from many countries. However, the story of English doesn’t end there. Today the English language keeps changing and developing, with hundreds of new words arriving each year and more and more people all over the world using it in their daily lives.
4 Can you find at least three examples of words which 1 come from a) Old English?
b) Old Norse?
c) French?
2 were invented during the Industrial Revolution?
5 Can you guess which languages these loanwords come from?
1 French A opera, umbrella, paparazzi
2 Greek B judo, karaoke, tsunami
3 Italian C café, theatre, castle
4 Spanish D cannibal, chocolate, potato
5 Japanese E athlete, museum, democracy
6 Native American languages F guitar, tornado, mosquito
Loanword – a word taken from one language and used in another
6 Do you know what the difference is between a mobile phone and a cell phone / a shopping centre and a shopping mall?
7 Write the British English words in the box next to their American English equivalents. shop petrol car park motorway rubbish bin pavement
Vocabulary
1.13 Listen and repeat.
9 Match the words with the figures.
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PROJECT ■ English
Choose one of the topics: 1 Loanwords
(Find more loanwords in English. Which languages do they come from?)
2 British and American English (Find some other words which are different in British and American English.)
An Article About a Town or a City
1 Talk to a partner.
Where is your town (village, city) located? What do you know about its history?
What are the most famous places in your town? Are there any important events taking place in your town?
2 Do you know anything about Edinburgh?
Read the article and match headings 1–4 with paragraphs A–D.
Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, and the second largest city after Glasgow. It lies on the east coast of the country, where the River Forth flows into the North Sea.
Edinburgh started as a fort named Castle Rock. In the 7th century the English captured the fort and called it Eiden's burgh (‘burgh’ is an old word for fort). In the 10th century the Scots reclaimed the land and the fort; in the 12th century a castle was built and a small town started flourishing
With its rich history, Edinburgh is full of old buildings and monuments. Its main landmark is Edinburgh Castle, which witnessed many battles between the Scots and the English. Due to its position on the top of a steep hill, it played an important role in the War of Scottish Independence. The Royal Mile, Edinburgh’s most famous street, connects the castle with the 16th century Holyrood Palace, which was once the home of Scottish kings and is now the official Scottish residence of the British monarch. A short walk from Royal Mile is Holyrood Park and its highest point is
3 Find the words in the text that mean:
1 to take back something that was yours
2 very beautiful or impressive
3 a famous building that is easily recognized
4 because of
5 to take into one's possession by force
6 to develop well and be successful
Edinburgh Castle
Edinburgh
Arthur’s Seat, which offers stunning views of the city. Another hill with panoramic views is Calton Hill, which features Greek-inspired monuments, earning Edinburgh the nickname of Athens of the North.
The city is home to a number of worldfamous festivals, including the Edinburgh International Festival and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, the largest arts event in the world where thousands of performers put on shows to suit all tastes and ages. Edinburgh also hosts the biggest New Year street party in the world known as Edinburgh’s Hogmanay* .
* Hogmanay is a Scottish word for New Year’s Eve and the celebrations that happen at that time.
Royal Mile
Calton Hill
Fringe Festival
Arthur’s Seat
4 Write an article about a town or a city.
Plan before you write.
Paragraph 1
Where is the town / city located?
Paragraph 2
When was it founded? Mention a few historical facts.
Paragraph 3
What are the main landmarks? Why are they important?
Paragraph 4
What are the most important events (celebrations, festivals) that take place in the town?
1 A Florida man was arrested after stealing a silver 2016 Toyota
2 A 47-year-old man broke into the same house twice in one night. Darren
3 were caught while they were trying to smuggle drugs into the country
2 Complete the table with the missing words.
4 Last night a 82-year-old woman was attacked on Pemberton Road and her bag was stolen
5 A woman from Massachusetts was sentenced to 25 years in prison for killing
6 more than €21,000 from a bank in Madrid. He was carrying a shotgun when he
7 A teenage boy was caught stealing from a shop in
Crime Criminal Verb robbery 1 _______________to rob (someone, a bank / a shop)
2 _______________burglar to burgle / break into (a house) murder murderer to 3 _______________(someone)
4 _______________thief to steal (something from someone) mugging mugger to 5 _______________ (someone) shoplifting 6 _______________to shoplift / steal something from a shop
7 _______________smuggler to smuggle (drugs / weapons / immigrants)
3 Describe the pictures. What crime do you think was committed in each one?
4 1 2 3
4 Read the texts and check your guesses. Match pictures 1–4 with texts A–D.
On 19th July 2010 in San Francisco a 31-year old man on a motorbike snatched an iPhone out of a woman's hand and rode away. The woman wasn't holding just any iPhone, but a model equipped with GPS tracking software which she was demonstrating
to a group of people at the exact moment the phone was taken from her hands. The woman quickly returned to the office, called the police and gave them the precise location of the iPhone because the GPS tracking app was still running. 1
In 2007 a burglar got stuck in a chimney while he was trying to break into a house in Los Angeles. 2 ________ A Los Angeles judge jailed the unlucky burglar for two years and he was also ordered to pay the owners of the house $10,000 to repair the damage done when fire fighters freed him.
A 14-year-old Dutch boy was riding around on his bike when he was stopped by two men who took his mobile phone and all the money he had on him. The boy reported the incident to the police, but as there was no evidence and there were no witnesses, no arrests were made. Six months later, the boy was looking at the streets of his town on Google Street View when he suddenly saw an image of himself and his attackers. 3 __________ One of the muggers was
easily identified and it wasn’t hard to find the other one – he was the first man’s twin brother.
Back in 1992 two smugglers were flying over South Florida with more than half a ton of drugs when they noticed they were being followed by a U.S. Customs aircraft. Not knowing what to do, they started throwing the packages of drugs out of the plane. At the same time, the town’s chief of police was meeting a group of citizens and they were discussing how to keep their quiet neighbourhood crime-free. The chief was saying there was almost no crime in their peaceful town when they suddenly saw something falling down from the sky. 4 __________ After dropping at least 20 bundles of the drugs, the two smugglers landed at a nearby airport, where they were soon arrested.
5 1.14 There are four sentences missing, one from each text. Can you put them back where they belong? There is one extra sentence you do not need. Then listen and check.
A When he was caught, he told the police that he was doing construction work on the house.
B A few seconds later it hurtled into the ground next to them.
C The victim immediately called the police for help.
D The thief was arrested only ten minutes later
E The police contacted the company that was able to give them the original photo.
1 A __________ grabbed an iPhone out of the hands of a woman who was in the __________ of demonstrating the iPhone’s new GPS tracking software to a group of people.
2 The __________ who tried to break into a Los Angeles home was __________ to two years in prison.
3 The __________ reported the incident to the police, but the __________ weren’t caught as there was no __________ and there were no __________.
4 Two __________ were flying in a plane with half a ton of drugs when they realized a U.S. Customs __________ was following them.
7 Discuss.
Which criminals were in your opinion the unluckiest? What punishment did they deserve?
8 Talk to a partner.
Which crimes are common in your town / country?
Why do you think some people commit crimes? Which crimes are the most serious? Why?
Past Simple and Past Continuous
1 Read the sentences and choose the correct verbs.
1 A thief on a motorbike snatched / was snatching an iPhone out of a woman's hand and rode / was riding away. The woman didn’t hold / wasn't holding just any iPhone, but a model equipped with GPS tracking software.
2 A burglar got stuck / was getting stuck in a chimney while he tried / was trying to break into a house in Los Angeles.
3 A boy rode / was riding around on his bike when two men stopped / were stopping him.
2
We use the Past 1__________ to talk about finished actions in the past.
We use the Past 2__________ to talk about actions in progress at a particular time in the past.
We use the Past 3__________ for a longer action which was interrupted by a shorter action.
We often use 4_________ before the Past Simple and 5________ before the Past Continuous. The Past Continuous is formed from the past tense of the verb 6________ and the -ing form of the verb.
Complete the sentences with the Past Simple or the Past Continuous.
1 Mavis ___________ (pass) by her neighbour’s house when she ___________ (hear) someone shouting for help.
2 What _____ you _____ (do) when you ___________ (realize) your phone was missing?
3 When she ___________ (enter) the house, she ___________ (see) a burglar in the hallway. She ___________ (slam) the door behind her and ___________ (run) out of the house.
4 While the police ___________ (search) his house, the smuggler ___________ (be) already at the airport. He ___________ (wait) to board a plane to Hawaii.
5 The shoplifter ___________ (catch) by the security guard while he ___________ (try) to put a chocolate bar in his pocket.
4 Write three sentences about what you were doing at different times yesterday.
1 At 7 a.m. I was
2 At 4.15 p.m. .
3 At 10.30 p.m.
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5 Ask questions to find someone who was doing the same thing as you at the same time.
At 7 a.m. I was sleeping. What were you doing?
6 Find six differences.
I wasn’t sleeping. I was getting ready for school.
Student A: Go to page 117. Student B: Go to page 119.
7 Work with a partner.
Student A: Go to page 117.
Student B: Go to page 119.
When I saw you yesterday you were climbing up a tree. Why were you doing that?
I was climbing up a tree because I wanted to pick some cherries.
Listening Breaking the Rules
Vocabulary
Bad Behaviour and Punishment
1 Match 1–8 with A–H.
1 lying A classes
2 using B from another student
3 getting into a fight C to your parents
4 bullying D a test
5 skipping E with another student
6 vandalizing F your phone in class
7 cheating in G other students
8 copying homework H public property
2 Which examples of bad behavior from exercise 1 are illustrated in the photos?
3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. detention expelled grounded suspended
1 If you are ___________ from school, you can’t attend classes for a limited period of time because you have done something wrong.
2 If you get ___________, you have to stay at school after classes have ended.
3 If you are ___________, your parents punish you by not letting you go out, use your phone or watch TV.
4 If you are ___________ from school, you are forced to leave because of bad behavior. You can’t go back and you have to find another school.
4 Talk to a partner.
What punishment is there for breaking the rules in your school?
Do your parents ever punish you? If so, what for?
Have you ever done any of the things from exercise 1? What was the punishment?
1 Phoebe A got detention
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5 1.15 Listen to the conversation and match the people with the punishment they received.
2 Josh B was expelled from school
3 Tamsin C was suspended from school
4 Archie D was grounded
6 Choose the correct answers. Then listen again and check.
1 Phoebe can’t go out for a week because she __________.
a) didn’t pass the test
b) cheated in the test
c) didn’t revise for the test
2 Josh was given detention for ____________.
a) talking in class
b) using his mobile phone
c) lying to his teacher
3 Tamsin can’t _______________ for two weeks.
a) go to school
b) leave school
c) miss any classes
4 Josh’s cousin was punished for __________.
a) bullying other students
b) always getting into fights
c) vandalizing school property
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Modal Verbs
(Obligation, Permission, Prohibition)
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. couldn’t have to mustn’t had to doesn’t need to allowed to
1 I failed my French test and now I’m not __________ go out for a week. I __________ spend every evening at home.
2 Phoebe’s parents always say she ___________lie to them, but Josh thinks she __________ to tell them everything.
3 The last time I was grounded I __________ play any games or use my phone for two days.
4 Josh _________ stay at school for two hours after everyone else had left.
2 Read the sentences below. Then match the verbs with their synonyms.
You mustn’t walk on the grass. My teachers aren’t strict at all. We can even chew gum in class. You have to revise if you want to pass the exam. You don’t need to be 18 to take part.
1 mustn’t A must
2 can B can’t, aren’t allowed to 3 have to C don’t have to, needn’t 4 don’t need to D are allowed to
3 Complete the table with the verbs from exercise 2.
necessary)
4 Cross out the incorrect options.
1 You mustn’t / can’t / don’t have to talk loudly here. You have to / need / must be quiet.
2 You are allowed to / must / can borrow any book you want, but you can / must / have to return it within two weeks.
3 The students aren’t allowed to / needn’t / mustn’t cheat in tests. If they do, they will get suspended or even expelled from school.
4 You needn’t / can’t / don’t have to shout. I can hear you quite well.
5 Work in groups. Talk about the rules in your school using the words in the box and the verbs from the table in exercise 3.
run in the corridor switch off your mobile phone in class swear at your classmates skip classes drink water in class bully other students wear a school uniform leave the classroom during the break copy homework from other students
6 What can you see in the photos?
What do you think the text is about?
Read and check your guesses.
Certain countries have some strange laws that could get you in trouble, so you’d better become familiar with them before travelling to these places.
– Visiting St. Mark's Square is a must when travelling to Venice, but feeding pigeons is a no-no as you may have to pay a fine of up to $700.
– Greece wants to preserve its historic sites, so if you’re visiting the Acropolis, wearing high heels isn’t a good idea as they are not only uncomfortable, but also banned as they may cause damage to ancient monuments.
– If you are travelling to the United Arab Emirates, be careful as kissing, hugging and even holding hands can get you arrested and sent to prison.
– The city of Petrolia in Ontario doesn’t tolerate noise. On the town's website it says that ‘Yelling, shouting, hooting, whistling or singing is prohibited at all times.’
– If you ever find yourself on Virginia beach in the USA make sure you don’t use bad language. There is a no-cursing sign and the punishment is a fine of up to $250, although the law doesn’t specify which words are banned.
7 Read the text again and write true or false.
2 You mustn’t wear high heels in the Acropolis because it’s illegal.
1 You are not allowed to feed pigeons anywhere in Venice. ________
3 You can hold hands with your boyfriend/girlfriend in the United Arab Emirates.
4 You have to pay if you are caught swearing on Virginia beach in the USA.
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8 Complete the sentences using the past tense of the verbs in brackets.
1 I’m now allowed to stay up until midnight, but when I was ten I ____________ (have to) be in bed before 10 p.m.
2 It was Sunday, so I ____________ (not need to) get up early.
3 Toby was grounded for failing the test and he ____________ (can’t) watch TV or play any games for ten days.
4 After seeing two of her classmates get into a fight, Sophie felt she ____________ (must) report it to the teacher.
5 When we were children we ____________ (not be allowed to) argue with our parents.
9 Talk to a partner. Tell each other about something you: had to / didn’t have to do last week. were / weren’t allowed to do when you were 7 years old.
COmmuniC atiOn
Apologizing, Explaining and Criticizing
1 Talk to a partner.
How often do you apologize and what do you usually apologize for?
How often are you criticized by your parents / siblings? What for?
2 1.16 Listen to the dialogue between Martin and Jennifer and answer the questions. Who apologizes for:
1 being late?
2 not sending the other person the address of the café?
3 ordering something the other person isn’t allowed to drink?
Martin: I had to finish something in the office and then I got lost while I was coming here.
Jennifer: Oh, dear! It’s my fault because I didn’t send you the address of the café.
Martin: It’s OK. I knew the address, but my GPS wasn’t working. And when I finally got here I couldn’t find a parking space. I had to drive around for ten minutes! Sorry once again!
Jennifer: It doesn’t matter. You’re here now. I ordered the drinks while I was waiting. A glass of wine for me and a beer for you.
Martin: Actually, I mustn’t drink beer. I went to the doctor last week and he said I wasn’t allowed to drink any alcohol for a month.
Jennifer: Oh, sorry, I didn’t know.
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Martin: Don’t worry. I’ll go and order something else. Oops! Oh God!
Jennifer: My dress!
Martin: It was an accident. I don’t know how it happened.
Jennifer: Never mind. It’s black, so it’ll be fine.
Martin: I’m so sorry, Jennifer! Please forgive me!
Jennifer: Stop apologizing Martin! Can you please get me a napkin?
3 1.17 Complete the sentences with the missing words. Then listen and check.
Apology and explanation Response
I’m really 1 _________ I’m late. I had to finish something in the office.
It’s my 3 _________ because I didn’t send you the address of the café.
When I finally got here I couldn’t find a parking space. I had to drive around for ten minutes! Sorry 5 _________ again!
It was an 7 _________ . I don’t know how it happened.
4 Work in pairs. Apologize and respond to apologies.
Student A: Go to page 118. Student B: Go to page 120.
It’s all 2 _________, Martin.
It’s 4 ________. I knew the address, but my GPS wasn’t working. It doesn’t 6 _________. You’re here now.
Never 8 _________. It’s black, so it’ll be fine.
5 1.18 Listen to the dialogue. What is the relationship between Katie and Daniel?
Katie: Daniel! Daniel!
Daniel: Can you please stop shouting? I’m coming!
Katie: I asked you to lay the table ten minutes ago.
Daniel: Sorry! I had to finish the game.
Katie: Where were you playing the game?
Don’t tell me it was on my phone!
Daniel: It was just for 15 minutes! Why are you making such a fuss about it?
Katie: I told you not to use my phone! While I was making sandwiches for both of us, you were having fun. I didn’t ask you to mow the lawn or do the laundry, only to lay the table. Now how hard can that be? I can’t rely on you at all.
Daniel: And who did the shopping this morning? While you were sleeping, I was carrying heavy bags from the supermarket!
Katie: I wasn’t sleeping! I was studying. You know I need to revise for my exam and all
6 Match the verbs with the nouns to form collocations.
1 lay A the laundry
2 make B the lawn
3 mow C the table
4 do D a fuss
I do is spend time doing the housework and tidying up after you.
Daniel: Hey, don’t blame me for everything! It’s not my fault you can’t focus on your studies.
Katie: Don’t you worry about my focus! Mind your own business!
7 Which collocation from ex. 6 means:
1 cut the grass? ____________
2 wash the clothes? ____________
3 set the table? ____________
4 complain or be angry, especially when it is not necessary ___________
8 Do you remember who said these sentences – Daniel or Katie?
1 I asked you to lay the table ten minutes ago.
2 Sorry! I had to finish the game.
3 Why are you making such a fuss about it?
4 While I was making sandwiches for both of us, you were having fun.
5 I wasn’t sleeping! I was studying. You know I need to revise for my exam.
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grammar
Reporting Commands and Requests
9 Look at the sentences from the dialogue and and complete the rule with the correct words.
‘Can you lay the table?’ Katie asked Daniel to lay the table.
‘Don’t use my phone!’ Katie told Daniel not to use her phone. We usually use the verb ______ to report commands and _______ to report requests.
ask / tell + object + (not) + infinitive
10 1.19 Listen and report six more commands and requests using asked or told.
1 He asked Jennifer to forgive him.
11 Work in pairs or small groups. Prepare a short dialogue. Use some of the highlighted words and phrases from exercise 8.
aCROss
CuLtuRes
Unique Schools
1 Talk to a partner. What first comes to mind when you hear the word ‘school’?
2 Look at the photos. Why do you think these schools are different? Read the text and match paragraphs A–E with photos 1–5.
The World’s Most Unusual Schools
Classrooms with rows of wooden desks, whiteboards, homework and stacks of textbooks – these are some of the things that come to mind when we think of schools. However, there are a few unusual schools which are quite different from what we expect.
A Boat schools, Bangladesh
During the monsoon season Bangladesh experiences floods which leave millions of people without electricity and clean water. Many schools have to close down and students are unable to attend classes. In order to overcome this problem, a nonprofit organization came up with the brilliant idea of floating schools! Floating schools (or ‘boat schools’) pick students up from docks and after the lessons take them back to their homes. There are now about a hundred of these schools. Each of them is solar-powered and has a classroom equipped with a laptop, Internet access and a library. Unlike state schools which have a more theoretical approach, boat schools teach students about the environment and what they can do to protect it.
B Train Platform Schools, India
While travelling to work by train, a school teacher from India often saw children who were begging passengers for money at railway platforms instead of going to school. Knowing that it was almost impossible to take them to school, she decided to bring the school to the children and that is how the programme of ‘Train Platform Schools’ was born. The children gather at train platforms and learn how to read and write using flashcards, songs, music and drama. They are allowed to leave the programme and continue whenever they choose.
C Gulu Elementary School, China
In order to get to school, children living in Gulu village in China used to have to climb a mountain. Guru Elementary School, also nicknamed ‘the School in the Clouds’, was located halfway up a cliff. This means the journey to school did not only last long, but it was very dangerous, too. Back in the 1980s the school was in a bad condition and it was run by only one teacher. Years later he gathered the villagers and they managed to rebuild it with their own hands. Almost nobody outside the village knew about the school until an article appeared in a newspaper. People immediately started donating money, which helped settle children in schools in the town below the mountain. In 2011 the school closed down after serving the village for sixty years.
D Brooklyn Free School, USA
If you are not so keen on tests and grades, you might be interested to know that there is an ideal school for you. Founded in 2004, the Brooklyn Free School is a private, democratic school where classes aren’t compulsory. This means students are allowed to choose any classes they want, but they don’t have to attend any if they don’t feel like it. There is no curriculum and classes are frequently taught by students. They are also allowed to make the rules and decide on how the school is run. So what’s not to like?
E Telefonplan School, Sweden
Vittra, a Swedish free-school organization, opened its first classroom-free school called Telefonplan in Stockholm in 2011. What is unique about Telefonplan school is its design, which is intended to stimulate children’s ‘curiosity and creativity’. Instead of having traditional classrooms, this unusual school has large open spaces filled with colourful furniture. The students are taught in small groups according to their level, but they are also encouraged to learn independently using the latest technology. The school’s main aim is to create an inspiring environment in which the children can learn by having fun and develop the most important 21st century skills: communication, collaboration, creativity and critical thinking.
3 Read the text again. Which school
1 is no longer open?
2 encourages students to be creative?
3 was founded by a teacher?
4 was renovated by a teacher and some local residents?
5 was started in order to help students affected by a natural disaster?
6 doesn’t require students to attend classes?
4 Match the words from the text with their meanings.
1 access A often
2 compulsory B working together with someone to achieve something
3 curriculum C something that must be done because of a rule or law
4 frequently D the right or opportunity to use something
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5 collaboration E the subjects taught by a school and what each subject includes
5 Talk to a partner.
Would you like to go any of these schools? Why? / Why not?
What kind of rules would you like to have in your school?
PROJECT ■ A unique school
Create your own unique school. Say:
• in what ways it is different from other schools.
• what the rules in your school are.
Add photos or drawings.
A News Report
1 Talk to a partner.
Describe an interesting news story you have recently read or heard.
2 Look at the pictures and the title of the news report. What do you think happened? Then read the report and check your guesses.
Daring or Foolish?
A Chinese man fell from a cliff 1 _________ he was posing for photographs. Mr Du, who is a professional free climber, was hiking with a group of friends in Jigong mountain in southwest China 2 _________ the accident happened. The moment of his fall was captured on video. In the video Du was standing on a rock while trying to get the perfect photo. The 3 _________ moment he was hanging from a cliff and posing for the camera. All of a 4_________, he lost his grip and tumbled down. As soon as they saw him fall, the witnesses started screaming. At 5 _________ they thought he was dead. Miraculously, Du survived after landing in the mud and walked away with only a few cuts and bruises. He was 6 _________ taken to hospital and discharged the same day. The video went viral as 7_________ as it was posted online, receiving hundreds of comments in just one day. ‘It’s a relief to see he’s alive’, one user commented, 8 _________ another one said: ‘He risked life and limb for a photo. It was a crazy thing to do.’
3 Complete the text with the words in the box. first next later soon sudden when while whereas
4 Find the words in the text that mean:
1 fall down quickly and suddenly
2 put yourself in physical danger ______________
3 become popular and spread very quickly, especially on the Internet
4 record or take a picture of something using a camera
5 a feeling of happiness that something bad hasn’t happened or has ended
6 in a way that is completely unexpected and extremely lucky
7 to officially allow someone to leave an institution
8 a mark on your skin you get when you are hit or knock against something
5 Discuss.
What is your reaction to the story?
6 Write a news report.
Plan before you write.
Headline Give your news report a headline.
Opening sentence Summarize what happened in one sentence.
Paragraph 1 Where and when did the accident happen? What were the people doing?
Paragraph 2 What happened next? How did the story end?
Paragraph 3 How did people react? What did they say?
Use:
Past Simple and Past Continuous (Different) adjectives (daring, foolish, …) and adverbs (luckily, (un)fortunately, miraculously, surprisingly…) Linking words and conjunctions (at first, all of a sudden, as soon as, later, when, while, whereas, after…)
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Fun Page
Riddles
What is it that you must keep after giving it to someone?
A boy and an engineer were fishing. The boy is the engineer’s son, but the engineer isn’t the boy’s father. Then who is the engineer?
Crime and Punishment Idioms
Match the idioms with their definitions.
A accept the consequences of your actions
B catch someone doing something bad or illegal
C a very mild punishment
D make a lot of money for yourself using dishonest or illegal methods
E say or do something stupid or silly that causes problems for you
Joke
A woman was driving in her car on a narrow road. She was knitting at the same time, so she was driving very slowly. A man came up from behind and he wanted to pass her. He opened the window and yelled: ‘Pull over! Pull over!’ The lady yelled back: ‘No, it’s a sweater!’
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Complete the sentences with the crime and punishment idioms.
1 line your own pockets
1 John’s cousin was ________________ while he was trying to rob a jewellery shop.
2 Luckily Michael didn’t have to pay a fine. The police officer gave him only ________________ for speeding.
3 Joan ________________ because she didn’t want to sell the house for half a million and when the prices dropped no one wanted to buy it.
4 Dan’s failed all his exams. He didn’t study anything and now he has to ________________.
5 These politicians are so greedy. They are only interested in ________________.
Play ALIBI!
Student A: Go to page 117.
Student B: Go to page 119.
2 a slap on the wrist
3 catch someone red-handed
4 shoot yourself in the foot
5 face the music
The Way We Are
Reading
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The Clothes We Wear
Grammar
Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs Present Perfect One / Ones / Another / Another one
Vocabulary
Phrasal Verbs
Appearance and Personality
Clothes and Fabrics
Listening
Describing People
Speaking
Talking about clothes and fashion
Discussing fashion trends, styles and ways of putting old clothes to good use
Comparing people, places and things
Describing people
Talking about shopping habits
Talking about national costumes
Communication
Expressing Preferences
Across Cultures
National Costumes
Writing
A Description of a Person
Re A ding The Clothes We Wear
1 Talk to a partner.
What kind of clothes do you like to wear?
Do you care about fashion? Why? / Why not?
Have you got any clothes that you rarely or never wear?
What can you do with the clothes you no longer like or want?
2 Student A:
Read text 1 and choose the correct title – A, B or C. Student B:
Read text 2 and choose the correct title – A, B or C.
A Putting old clothes to good use
B Clothes make the man
C Keeping up with fashion
1
The clothes we wear can show our social status, interests and beliefs. They can help us express our individuality, but also give us a sense of identity, of belonging to a particular group.
Current fashions are changing more quickly than ever, but have you ever wondered why that is the case? One of the main reasons is probably that people’s tastes have changed over time as they are influenced by popular culture. Many teenagers look up to their favourite pop, film or sports stars and want to dress and look like their idols. Although there are always those who like to stand out from the crowd and have their own style, more often than not, what most teenagers want is to fit in and be accepted by their peers.
2
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There can sometimes be quite a lot of competition among teenagers about who has the best trainers or the fanciest mobile phone, which can put pressure on those who don’t possess designer brands or the latest gadgets. Unfortunately, peer pressure and celebrity culture can turn young people into fashion victims who keep up with the latest trends and care too much about possessions. That doesn’t mean following trends is necessarily a bad thing, but there are several reasons why you should think twice before wearing a pair of boots in July or only a dress and sandals in January. One is that it isn’t practical and you won’t be comfortable, but the most important reason is that it can cause some health problems. For example, clothes that are too tight can affect circulation and wearing high heels can lead to back pain.
Whether you follow fashion trends or not, remember that it’s better to have your own style which is unique and different from everyone else’s. Clothes don’t make the man, so let your personality, rather than your clothes, speak for you!
Nowadays we are buying more clothes than ever before. One of the reasons is that fashions come and go very quickly and another one that we can simply afford to buy more as clothes are getting cheaper. Most of us have T-shirts we’ve almost never worn or shoes we have forgotten about. As a result, we end up throwing away clothes that are still in good condition without realizing what impact this has on the planet. Not many people may know that in the United States alone about 13 million tons of clothing are thrown away each year and only 2 million tons are recycled. Probably even fewer are aware of the fact that it takes 2,700 litres of water to make just one cotton T-shirt. All this should make us think long and hard about what we can do to make the situation better.
First of all, we should try to change our shopping habits and buy only as many clothes as we actually need. Secondly, we could donate the items we don’t like or want anymore to charity shops that sell second-hand clothes at lower prices and give the money to people in need. Another idea worth considering is swapping clothes with your friends. That way you get rid of your unwanted items and at the same time you get something ‘new’ for free.
Finally, if nobody wants your old garments, you can always upcycle them. Upcycling means ‘changing something old in a way that makes it better and more valuable than it was before’. Jeans make great handbags and an old jumper could easily be turned into a pillow.
Extending the life of your clothes can save you some money, but more importantly, it will be good for the environment.
3 Answer the questions with another student A/B.
Text 1
1 Why are current fashions changing fast?
2 How can wearing some clothes lead to health problems?
3 What are the main messages of the text?
Text 2
1 Why are people buying more clothes than before?
2 What can we do with our old clothes?
3 What’s the main message of the text?
4 Talk to a student who has read a different text. Summarize your text using the questions from exercise 3.
5 1.20 Read and listen to both texts and write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
1 Teenagers often want to look different from their peers.
2 There are a lot of teenagers who are fashion victims.
3 Most people in the USA recycle their clothes.
4 We can save some money by selling our clothes to charity shops.
5 You have to learn how to upcycle old clothes.
Vocabulary
Phrasal Verbs
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6 Match the verbs from the text with their definitions.
1 look up to A be very easy to see or notice
2 stand out B change or develop into something different
3 fit in C be accepted by the other people in a group
4 keep up with D admire and respect someone
5 turn into E follow, stay informed about something
7 Discuss.
How important is it keep up with the latest fashion trends? Is it better to try to fit in or have your own style and stand out from the crowd?
Do you have any ideas how to upcycle your old clothes? What could you turn them into?
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Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
1 Complete the sentences from the texts with the missing words.
1 Current fashions are changing ___________ than ever.
2 There can sometimes be quite a lot of competition among teenagers about who has ___________ trainers or mobile phone.
3 Upcycling means ‘changing something old in a way that makes it and ___________ than it was before’.
2 Look at the sentences from exercise 1 and complete the tables with the correct words.
AdjectiveAdverb rarerarely simple necessary good fast hard early
AdjectiveComparativeSuperlative quickquicker thin the thinnest valuablemore valuable important the least important
AdjectiveComparativeSuperlative quickly most quickly successfullymore successfully well best badlyworse
3 Complete the sentences with the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives and adverbs.
1 I’m not a fan of black clothes. I think _______ (bright) colours suit me _______ (well).
2 Amy studied _______ (little) than the other students, but she got _______ (good) grade.
3 Can you please be __________ (loud)? I’m trying to concentrate.
4 I’m afraid I can’t understand what you’re saying. You have to speak __________ (clear).
5 Stephan is very shy. He speaks __________ (quietly) of all the people I know.
4 Work with a partner.
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Student A: Go to page 118. Student B: Go to page 120.
5 Complete the questions with the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives and adverbs.
1 What is ____________________ – trainers or flip-flops? (comfortable)
2 Who drives ____________________ – your mother or your father? (careful)
3 Who gets up ____________________ – you or your parents? (early)
4 Who’s ____________________ singer in the world? (good-looking)
6 Work in groups. Compare different people, places, food, drinks, crimes, languages and clothes.
Lis T ening
Vocabulary
Describing People
Appearance and Personality
1 Look at the photos and match 1–6 with A–F.
round
beady
2 Choose the odd one out.
4 1.21 Listen to four speakers describing different people. Who is each speaker talking about? There is one EXTRA option that you do not need.
A a sibling?
B a cousin?
C a teacher?
D a friend?
E a neighbour?
5 Listen again. Complete the sentences with the missing words.
1 Maisie thinks everything suits Ms Jenkins ________ because she is ________.
2 Ethan says Nolly is ________ and generous, but that she is sometimes lazy and________.
3 Jill and Mr O’Connor have lived in the same building for more than ________ decades. Jill finds him rude and ________.
4 Paul used to be ________ as a child. Robert thinks his cousin is very ambitious and ________.
6 Talk to a partner.
How would you describe your personality? What are your positive and negative traits? What qualities do you look for in a friend? Think of a neighbour or a family member. What does he/she look like? What is he/she like?
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Present Perfect
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. ever always for yet never since just still recently
1 Ms Jenkins has been in the school ________ only about a month. We ________ haven’t had time to get to know her better.
2 I’ve known Nolly ________ we started school. She definitely isn’t the hardest working person I’ve ________ met.
3 I’ve ________ met anyone so rude in my entire life as Mr O’Connor. Luckily I haven’t seen him ________.
4 Paul has ________ been very ambitious. I’ve ________ read his latest book of short stories. He hasn’t won the Nobel Prize ________, but maybe he will one day.
2 Look at the sentences from exercise 1 and complete the rules with the correct words.
RULES
The Present Perfect is formed from the present tense of the verb 1________ and the past 2________ of the verb.
We use the Present Perfect to talk about:
• something that started in the past and continues to the 3_________ (for, 4________);
• something that we expected that hasn’t happened. (still, 7________).
3 Match sentences 1–6 with A–F and complete the gaps with the Present Perfect. Use the short forms of have. Then match the pictures with the sentences.
1 I’m so exhausted now!
2 Look at the mess you ___________ (make)!
3 Someone ___________ (steal) my luggage!
4 I ___________ (eat) too much for dinner!
5 Alfie is so clumsy!
6 Yuck! This is gross!
A He ___________ (spill) coffee all over his new shirt!
B It’s a pigsty!
C I ___________ (never, try) anything so disgusting!
D It was here a minute ago and now it’s gone!
E But at least I ___________ (clean) the whole house.
4 Complete the gaps with the Present Perfect. Then talk to a partner. Which sentences are true for you?
1 I _______________ (already, drink) two glasses of milk today.
2 I know someone who _______________ (write) a book.
3 I _______________ (never, lose) my keys.
4 My mother _______________ (still, not return) home from work.
5 I _______________ (not draw) anything since last week.
6 We ______________ (have) the same history teacher for over two years.
5 Work in pairs. Write three sentences using the Present Perfect. Two sentences should be true and one should be false. Your partners have to guess which sentence is incorrect.
6 Find someone: who has never played badminton. who has seen the same movie at least three times. who hasn’t had breakfast yet. whose father has taken part in a sports competition. whose grandmother has lived in the same place/town all her life.
7 Put the questions in the correct order. Then write down the answers.
1 seen / good / you / lately / have / any / movies _____________________________________________? ________________________________.
2 you / long / friend / known / how / your / have / best _____________________________________________? ________________________________.
3 audience / have / of / sung / front / you / in / ever / an _____________________________________________? ________________________________.
4 person / ever / who / met / you / the / creative / is / have / most _____________________________________________? ________________________________.
5 that / sport / you / there / played / have / is / never / a _____________________________________________? ________________________________.
6 away / the / from / been / longest / home / is / you / what / have _____________________________________________? ________________________________.
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8 Play the game ‘Make me say Yes, I have.’
Work in teams of four. You must ask your teacher three questions starting with ‘Have you ever…?’ If the teacher answers ‘Yes, I have’, you win a point for your team.
Have you ever slept until 11 a.m.?
9 Play the game ‘Make me say No, I haven’t.’
Yes, I have.
Work in a group of four students. Ask your classmates three questions starting with ‘Have you ever…?’ If all of them answer ‘No, I haven’t’, you win one point.
Have you ever flown in a hot-air balloon? No, I haven’t.
CommuniCATion Expressing Preferences
Vocabulary
Clothes and Fabrics
1 Match the words with the photos.
a linen shirt
a woollen cap
a silk scarf
a denim jacket
a fur coat
a leather belt
a cotton T-shirt
polyester swimming trunks
2 Talk to a partner.
What is your favourite item of clothing? Has your taste in clothes changed in recent years?
How do you decide what clothes to buy? (quality, price, fabrics,...) Is it better to go shopping on your own or with friends / family? Why?
3
1.22 Listen to the dialogue in a clothes shop. Which clothes and fabrics from exercise 1 are mentioned?
Rosie: Have you found anything yet?
Chris: Yeah, I’ve bought this shirt.
Rosie: You’ve already bought it?! That was quick! Let me see…Hm…
Chris: What? Don’t you like it?
Rosie: Not really I’m not really keen on denim shirts. Did you at least try it?
Chris: I didn’t need to. It’s my size.
Rosie: Oh right, if you say so. Now look at this scarf! Isn’t it beautiful?
Chris: If you ask me, I think it’s too colourful. You know I don’t like spots or stripes. I prefer plain clothes. How about that one? It’s much more elegant.
Rosie: I can’t stand anything black. That colour simply doesn’t suit me. Anyway, I don’t really need a scarf, but I’d like to buy a T-shirt. Wait! I think I’ve just seen some really cool ones! Now, what do you think of this one?
Chris: I guess it’s all right.
Rosie: But it’s 70% polyester and I hate sweating. I’d rather buy a cotton T-shirt.
Chris: Come on, Rosie! We need to hurry up! It’s just a T-shirt, for God’s sake! You’re not buying a fur coat.
Rosie: You know I’d never wear a fur coat! Do you know how many animals are killed to make one?
Chris: That’s beside the point, Rosie. We’ve been here for more than half an hour. Can you please just make up your mind?
4
Rosie: All right, all right. Let me just try on another one. I won’t be long!
Chris: Take your time! I don’t mind standing here for another half an hour! (after 5 minutes)
Rosie: What do you reckon?
Chris: It really suits you well. It matches your eyes perfectly
Rosie: Thanks, Chris! I hope you’re not just saying it. I really like it, too, so I’ll take it!
Chris: Phew!
1.23 Complete the sentences with the missing words. Then listen and check.
Asking for opinions Giving opinions
Don’t you 1________it? → Not 2 ________. Isn’t it 3________? → If you ask me, I think it’s 4________ colourful. How 5________that one? → It is 6________ more elegant. What do you 7________ of this one? → I 8________ it’s all right. What do you 9________? → It really suits you 10 ________. It 11________ your eyes perfectly.
5 Do you remember who said these sentences – Chris or Rosie?
1 I’m not really keen on denim shirts.
2 You know I don’t like spots or stripes. I prefer plain clothes.
3 I can’t stand anything black.
4 I’d like to buy a T-shirt.
5 I hate sweating. I’d rather buy a cotton T-shirt.
6 I really like it, too, so I’ll take it!
6 Complete the gaps with the highlighted expressions from exercise 5. Likes: 1 _____________. Dislikes: 2 _____________. 3 _____________. 4 _____________. 5 _____________. Preferences: 6 _____________. 7 _____________. 8 _____________.
7 Complete the sentences with one, ones, another or another one.
1 I’d like to buy a T-shirt. I think I’ve just seen some really cool ________!
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2 Let me just try on ________. I won’t be long!
3 I’d never wear a fur coat! Do you know how many animals are killed to make ________?
4 I don’t mind standing here for ________ half an hour!
8 Work in pairs.
Student A: You want to buy some of the clothing items from exercise 1 (or any other clothes you want). Ask your friend's opinion. Use some of the questions from exercise 4 and expressions from exercise 6.
Student B: Your friend wants to buy some clothes. Tell him/her what you think. Use some of the sentences from exercise 4 and expressions from exercise 6. When you have finished swap roles.
ACRoss CuLTuRes National Costumes
1 Talk to a partner.
Does your country have a national costume?
Have you ever seen any folk costumes from other countries?
2 Look at the photos. Do you know what these traditional costumes are called? Which countries / What parts of the world did they originate from?
3 Read the text and check your guesses. Match paragraphs A–D with photos 1–4.
National Dress Around the World
National dress (costume) – the clothes traditionally worn by people from a particular country.
Many nations around the world have their own traditional costumes, which are often an important part of their national identity. Some of them are still in everyday use, while others are worn only on special occasions. Let’s have a look at some of the world’s most iconic costumes.
A Sari
One of the simplest yet most exotic items of clothing ever invented, the sari is a single piece of fabric usually five to nine metres in length and about a metre in width. This traditional Indian wear has been around for over fifty centuries and is worn not only by women in India, but also in several other Asian countries, such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Bangladesh and Nepal.
The word ‘sari’ or ‘saree’ comes from Sanskrit and means ‘a strip of cloth’. The sari does not cover the midriff because Hindus believe that the belly button is a source of life and creativity.
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Often worn with an underskirt and a tight top called a ‘choli’, the sari comes in a wide range of designs, colours and patterns. There are more than 80 ways to wear a sari, but the most common one is for it to be wrapped around the waist, with one end draped over the shoulder.
B Kilt
The kilt, which is the Scottish national dress, goes back to the 16th century when it was known as the great kilt, a full-length garment consisting of two parts. The upper part could be worn as a cloak draped over the shoulder or the head. The kilt as we know it today appeared in the 18th century and is the bottom part of the great kilt, covering the body from the waist down to the knees. Although it is essentially a skirt, the kilt is worn exclusively by men.
Today the kilt is one of the most recognizable symbols of Scotland. Traditionally it is made from pure wool and in a tartan pattern. Kilts are commonly worn at weddings and other formal occasions, but they are also becoming increasingly popular as a fashionable informal clothing item.
C Poncho
A simple garment made of a single piece of material with an opening in the middle for the head to go through, a poncho is essentially a blanket with a hole. The history of the poncho goes back to around 500 BC, but its origins are not known with certainty. What is well-known, though, is that ponchos were worn by native Americans of the Andes to keep their bodies warm while at the same time allowing them to move freely.
Although commonly associated with South America where it has become an important cultural icon, the poncho is now also a fashionable item available in different sizes, colours and designs. It can be made from cotton, wool, cashmere and many other fabrics, while rain ponchos are made from waterproof material and designed to keep you dry even in a downpour. Apart from protecting you from the rain, this practical and comfortable item of clothing can be used as an extra layer of warmth or a blanket you can sit on while having a picnic.
D Kimono
The word ‘kimono’, which originally meant ‘clothes’, today refers to traditional Japanese attire worn by men, women and children. The kimono is a robe with a collar and long, wide sleeves. It is wrapped around the body and tied using a sash called an ‘obi’. Traditional kimonos are made of silk, which makes them very expensive, but they can also be made of other fabrics, such as cotton, wool, linen or polyester.
Nowadays, the kimono is a much less common sight than it used to be. However, it is still worn on special occasions such as weddings, funerals or graduation ceremonies. Although its popularity has decreased in recent decades, the kimono remains an important part of Japanese culture as well as one of the world's instantly recognizable national costumes.
4 Which national costume
1 is mostly worn on special occasions?
2 can protect you from the cold?
3 was invented over 5,000 years ago?
4 isn’t worn as much as it used to be?
5 isn’t worn by both men and women
6 Discuss.
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Which national costume do you think is:
5 Look at the text again and answer the questions.
1 How many synonyms for the word ‘clothes’ can you find in the text?
2 Which fabrics are mentioned in the text?
3 What are the nouns of long, wide and warm?
4 Can you guess what the words in blue mean?
a) the most interesting? b) the most fashionable? c) the most practical?
Which one would you like to wear? Which one would you never wear? Why?
PROJECT ■ Traditional costumes from my country (region) / Unusual traditional costumes from around the world
Write about national costumes from your country/region or about unusual costumes from different countries. Find some photos for your project.
G WRiTing A Description of a Person
1 Talk to a partner.
Is there anyone that you particularly admire? Describe the person and say why you admire him/her.
2 Read the text and answer the questions.
1 How long has Chelsea known Joelle?
2 What does Joelle look like?
3 What is her profession?
4 What does Joelle do in her spare time?
5 Why does Chelsea admire her aunt?
Someone I Admire
One of the people I look up to most is my aunt Joelle. I’ve known her all my life and although she is fifteen years older than I am, we’ve always been very close. Joelle is 29 years old. She’s got shoulder-length, straight brown hair and brown eyes. She’s average height and very slim. I really like the way she dresses. She doesn’t spend a lot of money on clothes, but she looks gorgeous whatever she wears.
Joelle has been a music teacher since she graduated from university six years ago. She has taught hundreds of students how to play the piano, but she can also play the guitar and drums. She has a beautiful voice and once a week she sings with a band in a local bar. I still haven’t seen them perform live, but I hope I will soon.
In her free time Joelle does charity work for children, which is something she is very passionate about. She has taken part in various volunteer schemes and she truly enjoys working with children. Joelle can’t stand injustice and is very sensitive to other people’s needs. I think she’s the most selfless person I’ve ever met.
I admire my aunt for her generosity, selflessness, patience and the desire to improve the world we live in.
Chelsea, 14
3 Find the words in the text that mean:
1 able to understand other people’s feelings and problems
2 caring about other people’s needs and problems more than your own
3 very beautiful
4 a situation in which people are not treated fairly
5 a strong feeling that you want to have or do something __________
6 someone who is not paid for the work that they do
4 Write the nouns for the adjectives. 1
5 Write about a person you admire.
Plan before you write.
Plan before you write.
Paragraph 1
Who is the person? How old is he/she? How long have you known him/her? What does the person look like? What kind of clothes does he/she usually wear?
Paragraph 2
What does the person do? What has he/she done/achieved?
Paragraph 3
What is he/she like? What are his/her interests and hobbies / likes and dislikes?
Paragraph 4
Why do you look up to this person?
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ReVision
Units 3&4
Complete the crossword. What’s the mystery word? 1 Someone who breaks into people’s houses
Someone who steals money (from a bank)
Someone who takes something illegally from one country to another
Choose the odd one out.
1 slowly friendly rarely frequently
2 snub curly straight shoulder-length
3 mugger prison witness victim
4 lying cheating revising bullying
5 leather scarf denim silk
Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the words in CAPITALS.
1 This watch is one of my favourite ___________. I’ve had it for at least ten years. POSSESS
2 Just because it’s expensive doesn’t ___________ mean that it’s high quality. NECESSARY
3 The children thanked the volunteers for their kindness and ___________. GENEROUS
4 First we need to measure the length and ___________ of the room. WIDE
5 I can’t wear these shoes anymore. They’re so ___________. COMFORT
Choose the correct options.
1 You don’t need / needn’t worry about anything. Everything is under control.
2 The thief arrested / was arrested while he was trying / tried to escape from the mall.
3 I told him to not shout / not to shout at his little brother.
4 I’m a slow runner. I run more slowly / most slowly than all my friends.
5 These jeans don’t suit you very well. I think you should try another pair / one.
Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in brackets.
In this school all students must wear a school uniform. (have) In this school all students have to wear a school uniform.
1 Big cities are noisier than smaller towns. (noisy) Small towns ______________________________________________________________.
2 While he was mowing the lawn he spotted a snake in the grass. (when) He _____________________________________________________________________.
3 When I was a child we couldn’t stay up late. We had to go to bed at 10 p.m. (allowed) When __________________________________________. We had to go to bed at 10 p.m.
4 I haven’t decided what I’m going to do yet. (still)
5 I don’t like wearing hats. (keen)
Music to My Ears
Reading
Music
Grammar
(Not) as…as ■ Too ■ Enough Present Perfect and Past Simple Articles 2
Vocabulary
Musical Instruments
Similes (as + adjective + as) Types of Music, Musicians and Collocations
Adjectives Ending in -ed / -ing Adverbs of Degree
Listening
Performing Music
Speaking
Talking about music and musical instruments
Discussing types of music and musicians
Talking about music festivals and carnivals
Talking about a favourite celebrity
Communication
Talking About Recent Events
Across Cultures
Carnivals and Music Festivals
Writing
A Biography of a Famous Person
A
R E ading Music
1 Talk to a partner.
How often do you listen to music?
Are you good at singing? Can you play a musical instrument? In your opinion, what is the best way to listen to music?
2 Read the text quickly. Which paragraph is about
1 the evolution of music players?
2 the benefits of music?
3 the history of musical instruments?
The Evolution of Music
Music is as old as humanity and has always been a part of human culture and society. It is thought that the oldest instruments ever found were flutes made from animal bones which date back to at least 35,000 BC. 1 ______ The first drums were made from animal skin and used in religious ceremonies as well as a form of communication - to send sound signals over long distances. Similarly to drums, early trumpets were used as battle signals and were made from animal horns or conch shells. Later people started making them from wood and then brass, a metal made from copper and zinc. 2______ Egyptians played the harp as far back as 4,000 BC and less than a century later they developed the lyre, which became one of the most popular and widely used instruments in ancient Greece. For a long time the strings of harps, lyres and some other string instruments were of catgut – a strong cord made from the intestines of some animals, such as sheep (but certainly not cats).
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Over the centuries musical instruments have evolved and different musical styles have emerged. However, most of the music genres we are familiar with today didn’t appear until the 20th century. The introduction of recording technology at the end of the 19th century helped create many different genres but also revolutionized music and music performance. Martinville's phonautograph was the first device to record sound and Thomas Edison's phonograph the first one to play recorded sounds. The invention of the gramophone and radio allowed people to listen to music at home and since then further technological developments have radically changed the ways people experience music. 3 ______ Although not the first portable music device, the Walkman was the first one that enabled users to listen to music on the go. It wasn’t as tiny or light as the MP3 player which was invented two decades later, but it was small enough to fit in a pocket and allowed you to enjoy music without disturbing others. 4 ______ With online streaming websites music has never been cheaper and more accessible. At the same time, technology has also made music production and distribution easier. Talented yet unknown musicians can now share their music online and reach audiences around the world.
Although it has evolved over time, music remains a universal language. We don’t need to understand the lyrics or the message of a song in order to enjoy it. Sometimes nothing can express emotions as well as a piece of music. For many of us being able to hear and feel music is as important as having a sense of smell or taste. Music inspires us. 5______ It unites people.
Like any other product of human culture, music is constantly changing, but great music is timeless. 6
The evolution of music players
3
1.24 There are six sentences missing from the text. Can you put them back where they belong? There is one extra sentence you do not need. Then listen and check.
A Today, in the Internet era, we have access to more music than at any other time in history.
B It helps us communicate.
C String instruments have also been part of music history since ancient times.
D It lives on.
E Some of these early instruments were too heavy and not very well-designed.
F Percussion instruments, such as drums, were probably among the earliest instruments.
G The 1940s brought vinyl records, then came audio cassettes in the ’60s and compact discs in the ’80s.
4 Complete the sentences with the missing words.
1 Early _______ and _______ were used for sending sound signals.
2 Brass is a metal made from _______ and _______.
3 The harp is a _______ instrument. It was played by the _______ more than 6,000 years ago.
4 The _______, the first device which played recorded sounds, was invented in _______.
5 First audio _______ appeared in 1963 and first CDs (_______ discs) came out in 1982.
Vocabulary
Musical Instruments
5 Complete the gaps with the types of musical instruments in the box. Brass String Woodwind Percussion
4 ___________________: trumpet, trombone, tuba, French horn.
6 Talk to a partner.
Which musical instrument would you like to learn? How important is music to you? How does it make you feel?
7 Talk to a partner. Do you agree or disagree with these statements? Give reasons and examples to support your opinions.
1 Technology has made music production and distribution easier.
2 We don’t need to understand the lyrics or the message of a song in order to enjoy it.
3 Music is constantly changing, but great music is timeless.
gR a MM a R (Not)
as…as ■ Too ■ Enough
1 Complete the sentences with the missing words.
1 Music is old as humanity and has always been a part of human culture and society.
2 Sometimes nothing can express emotions as ____ as a piece of music.
3 Some of these early instruments were ____ heavy and not very well-designed.
4 The Walkman wasn’t as tiny ____ the MP3 player, but it was small ____ to fit in a pocket.
2 Look at the sentences from exercise 1 and complete the rules with the correct words.
An adjective/adverb comes:
• 1 ________ (not) as and as; 2 ________ too; 3 ________ enough.
3 Can you guess what the idioms in bold mean?
1 My grandma is over 80 now, but she’s as bright as a button.
2 You look as white as a sheet. Are you OK?
3 Roy is as cool as a cucumber. He is always relaxed and never worries about anything.
4 Match 1–6 with A–F.
1 as quiet A as pie
2 as quick B as lightning
3 as old C as a feather
4 as stubborn D as a mouse
5 as easy E as a mule
6 as light F as the hills
6 Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in brackets and (not) as...as.
1 Violas are larger than violins. (large) Violins aren’t _______________ violas.
2 An acoustic guitar is cheaper than an electric guitar. (expensive)
5 Work with a partner. Make five sentences using the idioms from exercises 3 and 4.
7 Combine two sentences into one using too and enough.
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An acoustic guitar is __________________.
3 The harp has more strings than the lyre. (many)
The lyre doesn’t have _________________.
4 Amy sings better than Nora. (sing) Nora doesn’t sing ____________________.
I can’t drink this tea. It’s so hot. (too) This tea is too hot for me to drink
1 He is too young to drive a car. (enough)
2 I’m so tired. I can’t walk. (too)
3 She’s working too slowly. (enough)
4 He’s short. He can’t reach the shelf. (too)
8 Talk to a partner. Think of a word and describe it in a few sentences using (not) as…as, too and enough. Your partner has to guess what it is.
It isn’t as big as the tuba. It can be too loud. It’s loud enough to wake you up from deep sleep!
My brother is as stubborn as a mule. He never listens to anyone. Is it the trumpet?
List E ning
Vocabulary
Performing Music
Types of Music, Musicians and Collocations
1 Complete the spidergram with the words in the box. metal release blues electronic drummer band hop jockey dance lead
classical jazz 1 pop rock heavy 2 rap folk hip-3 EDM (4 _________ dance music) Musician pianist guitarist 5 composer songwriter 6 _________ singer conductor DJ (disc 7 _________ )
MUSIC
2 Can you add more words and collocations to the list?
3 Talk to a partner.
4
1.25 Listen to the dialogue and write the correct names in the gaps – Mel or Ben.
1 ______ went to a concert yesterday.
2 ______ has seen The Nutcracker by Tchaikovsky.
3 ______ likes some music from the 1960s.
4 ______ has never played the drums.
Collocations
listen / 8 to music play an instrument record / 9 _________ an album go to a concert / music festival sing in a choir / a 10
What kind of music do you like? Put the styles of music from exercise 1 in order of preference. (10 = favourite, 1 = least favourite) Who are your favourite musicians?
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5 Listen again. Complete the sentences with the missing words.
1 Mel’s cousins now live in ________.
2 Mel isn’t very keen on ________ or ________ music.
4 Jimi Hendrix was a famous ________.
5 Ben thinks that Mel ________ better than he does.
6 Work in small groups.
Imagine you have just formed a band. Decide on the name of the band and the type of music you play. Who is the lead singer? Who are the other band members? How are you different from other popular bands / musicians? Types of music
3 The Beatles were very popular when Ben’s grandfather was a ________.
DgR a MM a R Present Perfect and Past Simple
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. in for (x2) ever on since last just when
1 I haven’t seen you _______ last week.
2 I’ve _______ got back from London. I was there _______ three days.
3 They’ve moved to Australia. They’ve been there _______ a month now.
4 I did some shopping _______ Saturday, and _______ night I went to a concert in Royal Albert Hall.
5 Both bands were all the rage back _______ the ’60s _______ my granddad was a teenager.
6 Have you _______ played the drums?
2 Look at the sentences from exercise 1 and complete the rules with the correct words.
RULES
We use the 1______________ to connect the present with the past. We use the 2______________ for finished actions that happened at a definite time in the past. We use the 3______________ for an action that happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important.
3 Complete the table with the words and phrases in the box. ever still last week since in 2015 yet never already 3 days ago before when I was... for
The Present Perfect
The Past Simple
4 Complete the sentences using the Past Simple and the Present Perfect.
1 release
My favourite band ______ just _________ a new album. They _____________ a new song last week.
2 (not) listen
I _______ never _________to punk. They _____________ to reggae music back in the 1990s.
3 not learn
I _____________ to play the guitar when I was in primary school. I still _____________ to play the guitar.
4 hear
_______ you ever __________ an orchestra perform? When _______ you last _______ your favourite song?
5 Complete the dialogues using the Present Perfect or the Past Simple.
1 I like your umbrella. How long 1 ________ (you, have) it?
I 2________ (have) it for a year. Where 3________ (you, get) it?
My mum 4________ (buy) it in Italy.
2 5_____ you ever _______ (sing) karaoke? Yes, I 6 ________.
When 7________ (be) that? It 8 ________ a few years ago
Read the dialogues with a partner. Replace the highlighted words with your own ideas.
6 Play ‘The Lying Game’.
Work in a group of four students. Ask each student in your group one of the questions starting with ‘Have you ever…?’ using the ideas below or your own ideas.
receive a gift you didn’t like help someone in danger get stuck in a lift cook a meal for the whole family try an extreme sport meet a famous person buy clothes online lie about your age sleep in a tent dance to hip-hop see a hippo write a postcard
The student who is asked the question must answer ‘Yes, I have.’ The other students ask him/her follow-up questions and then try to guess if the original answer was true or not.
Have you ever seen a volcano?
Articles 2
7 Complete the sentences with the, a/an or Ø (no article).
It was last year when I went to Italy.
1 Ben and Mel are at ___ school. They are talking about ___ music.
When and where did you see a volcano? It was… What did it look like?
2 Mel’s parents say that ___ music they listened to when they were young was much better.
3 Many people think that Jimmy Hendrix was ___ greatest guitarist ever.
4 Ben has never played ___ drums, but he wants to be ___ member of a band.
5 Mel says she can be ___ lead singer in Ben’s band.
8 Look at the sentences from ex. 7 and complete the rules with the words in the box.
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one (x2) instruments superlatives uncountable expressions specific grammar Yes, I have.
RULES
We use no article (Ø):
• with 1____________ nouns (love, money);
• in 2____________: at home/work, in bed, by bike/train.
We use the indefinite article (a/an):
• when the person or thing is 3___________ in a group (a student at this school)
We use the definite article (the):
• with musical 4___________ (the cello); with 5__________ (the best singer)
• with uncountable nouns when referring to something 6__________ (I’m going to give you back the money I owed you.);
• when it is clear which thing we are talking about or when there is only 7___________ of something (the captain of the school team).
CoMMuniC ation
Talking About Recent Events
1 Talk to a partner.
What do you talk about with a friend who you haven’t seen for a few days / a while? What questions do you usually ask them?
2 1.26 Look at the photos. What do you think these two teenagers are talking about?Listen and check.
Nick: Hey Jade! I haven't seen you for a few days. How’s it going?
Jade: Not bad, I’m only a bit tired. I’ve just got back from Stoke-on-Trent.
Nick: What did you do in Stoke-on-Trent?
Jade: My grandparents live there. I spent a few days with them, but we also went to Alton Towers. Have you ever been there?
Nick: No, I’ve visited a few other theme parks, but I still haven’t been to Alton Towers. It must be amazing!
Jade: Yeah, it is quite exciting. Some of the rides were pretty scary and I think my brother was absolutely terrified, though he’d never admit it. Anyway, what have you been up to?
Nick: Not much. The usual.
Jade: Have you heard this new song by Taylor Swift? It’s quite catchy.
Nick: I find it really annoying. They played it at least five times at Cheri’s party on Saturday.
Jade: How was the party?
Nick: It was all right until they started singing karaoke. It was so embarrassing, although the people who sang didn’t seem to be embarrassed at all!
Jade: Wasn’t there anyone who could sing?
Nick: Actually, Gina’s got a really nice voice. I was quite surprised to hear her sing though. She’s normally very shy.
Jade: She isn’t that shy once you get to know her. Listen, I have to dash now! Talk to you later!
Nick: See you later, Jade!
3 1.27 Do you remember who said these sentences – Jade or Nick? Listen and check.
1 I haven’t seen you for a few days.
2 I’ve just got back from Stoke-on-Trent.
3 I spent a few days with them, but we also went to Alton Towers.
4 Listen, I have to dash now! Talk to you later!
4
1.28 Complete the sentences with the missing words. Then listen and check.
Questions
How’s it 1_______?
Answers
→ Not 2 _______.
What 3_______ you do in Stoke-on-Trent? → My grandparents live 4 _______ .
5_______ you ever been there?
→ No, I 6_______ haven’t been to Alton Towers.
What have you been 7_______ to? → Not 8________. The usual.
Have you heard this new song 9_____ …? → I 10________ it really annoying.
How 11_______ the party?
Vocabulary
→ It was all right 12________ they started singing karaoke.
Adjectives Ending in -ed / -ing
5 Look at the sentences below and choose the correct words in bold.
I’m not bad. I’m only a bit tired. It is quite exciting. Some rides were pretty scary and my brother was absolutely terrified I find this song really annoying. They played it at least five times at the party on Saturday. It was so embarrassing, although the people who sang didn’t seem to be embarrassed at all!
RULES
We use -ed adjectives / -ing adjectives to express how we feel about something or someone. We use -ed adjectives / -ing adjectives to express our opinion of someone or something.
6 Complete the sentences by writing -ed or -ing adjectives.
1 The trip was quite tir___. I came back absolutely exhaust___.
2 ‘Were you surpris___ at the result?’ ‘Yes, I was absolutely amaz___.’
3 Will doesn’t seem to be interest___ in anything. He finds everything bor___.
4 My parents were really annoy___ with me for coming home late.
5 ‘Are you excit___ about your holiday?’ ‘I am. I know I’m going to have an amaz___ time.
Vocabulary
Adverbs of Degree
7 Choose the correct adverbs. What is the position of all the adverbs?
1 I was quite / absolutely surprised to hear Gina sing. She’s usually very / not very shy.
Edukapromo
2 Johnny is a bit / very honest person. He would never lie or cheat.
3 ‘I’m really / absolutely scared of spiders.’ ‘Me too. I find them absolutely / very terrifying.’
4 You don’t have to agree with me, but I’m pretty / a bit sure I’m right.
5 I know it’s a bit / absolutely late, but I have to speak to you urgently.
8 Work in small groups. Think of:
1 someone who is: a) interested in sport b) quite interesting c) absolutely amazing
2 a time when you were: a) very bored b) absolutely exhausted c) really embarrassed
3 something that is: a) really annoying b) a bit tiring c) absolutely terrifying
9 Talk to a partner. Ask each other about recent events. Use some of the highlighted words and phrases from exercises 3 and 4. Use some adjectives ending in -ed / -ing as well as different adverbs of degree.
aCRoss CuLtuREs Music Festivals and Carnivals
1 Talk to a partner.
What is the difference between a carnival and a music festival?
Have you heard of any famous carnivals or music festivals? What do you you know about them?
2 Look at the photos. Where do you think these festivals and carnivals are held?
3 Read the text and check your guesses. Then answer the questions.
1 What are the similarities and differences between a carnival and a music festival?
2 Which music festivals and carnivals are mentioned in the text?
Popular Music Festivals and Carnivals Around the World
A music festival is an entertainment event that usually lasts several days and features performances by various singers and bands. The first music festival was held in 1967, but probably the most iconic one in history was Woodstock Music and Art Fair, which took place in the USA two years later. Unlike today’s festivals which are held annually, Woodstock was a one-off event. Although there have been several attempts to recreate it over the years, none of them were nearly as successful as the original. Some of today’s major music festivals started out as small, local events, but now attract millions of visitors from all over the world who come to listen to the biggest names in the music industry. Glastonbury, which is held in Somerset, south-west England, began on a farm in 1970 and has since
Glastonbury Festival
Carnival of Venice Notting Hill Carnival
Fuji Rock Festival
then become the largest greenfield festival in the world. It is well-known for gigantic stages, especially the Pyramid Stage, which hosts the main acts of the festival. Another festival famous for stage designs is Tomorrowland, an electronic dance music festival held in Belgium. It started in 2005, but has now become so popular that the tickets sell out in a matter of minutes. The USA is home to some of the major music festivals, such as Coachella, held in a desert in California and Summerfest, which includes over 700 acts and holds the Guinness World Record for the ‘world’s largest music festival’. Fuji Rock, so named because it was originally held at the base of Mount Fuji in Japan, is one of the most popular music festivals in Asia. It now takes place at Naeba Ski Resort and is renowned worldwide for its stunning mountainous location.
A carnival is a special type of festival which typically takes place in Roman Catholic countries before Lent, the period of 40 days before Easter when some Christians eat less or stop doing something they enjoy. The word ‘carnival’ comes from ‘carne vale’, which means ‘farewell to meat’. However, carnivals have lost much of their religious significance and become popular attractions to visitors from all around the world. Like music festivals, they are held outdoors and are attended by a lot of people, but they also involve processions and colourful costumes.
With over two million people in attendance each year, Rio de Janeiro Carnival is by far the biggest and most spectacular party in the world. The key attraction of this five-day event is the Samba Parade, a competition between samba schools whose performers are not judged only on their dancing skills, but also on their singing, costumes, and parade floats. Although it may not be as popular as the one in Rio, the Carnival of Venice is the oldest as it dates back to the 13th century when Venetians wore masks to hide their identity and social status. The highlight of the carnival are masked balls, which feature beautiful masks and extraordinary costumes. Another famous carnival, Mardi Gras (meaning ‘Fat Tuesday’ in French*), is held annually in New Orleans, where beads, coins and small toys are thrown from the floats to the crowds. During the festivities the traditional Mardi Gras colours – purple (symbolizing justice), green (faith) and gold (power) can be seen everywhere. Unlike all the other carnivals which traditionally take place in February and March, Notting Hill Carnival is held in August every year. It began in 1966 as a way for London’s Afro-Caribbean community to celebrate their own culture and traditions and has since grown into Europe’s largest street party. Attracting more than a million people each year, this carnival is at the same time a celebration of London’s multicultural identity and an important part of British life and culture.
* Fat Tuesday is the day before Ash Wednesday – the first day of Lent.
4 Answer the questions.
Which festival / carnival
1 is attended by more than 2 million people?
2 is famous for stage designs?
3 doesn’t take place before Lent?
4 was held in 1969?
Edukapromo
5 involves a lot of beads?
6 Talk to a partner.
5 Match the words from the text with their meanings.
1 annually A huge
2 one-off B the most interesting part
3 gigantic C famous, well-known
4 renowned D happening only once
5 farewell E once every year
6 highlight F goodbye
Which festivals and carnivals from the text would you like to go to? Why? Are there any popular music festivals in your country? What do you know about them?
PROJECT ■ A music festival / A carnival
Write about a music festival or a carnival from your / another country or invent your own festival or carnival. Find photos for your project.
WRiting
A Biography of a Famous Person
1 Talk to a partner. Who is your favourite celebrity? What do you know about them?
2 Read the text about Adele. Which paragraph is about
1 what makes her unique?
2 the beginning of her career?
3 her early life?
4 her achievements?
Adele
Adele Laurie Blue Adkins is a British singer and songwriter who is famous for her ballads including Hello and Rolling in the Deep. Adele was born in North London on 5 1988. Her father left the family when she was very little, so Adele was raised by her mother.
Adele developed a passion for music at a very young age. She began singing when she was 4 and wrote her first song, Hometown Glory, when she was 16. She went to the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology, from which she graduated in 2006. Adele’s big break came when talent spotters saw a three-track demo on her MySpace page and she signed a contract with XL Recordings only a few months after leaving school. Her debut album called 19 was released in 2008.
Since then Adele has recorded several albums and become one of the best-selling musicians of the 21st century. She has received numerous awards, including an Oscar for Skyfall, the theme song of the 2012 James Bond film of the same name. Throughout her career she has donated to various charities and performed in a number of charity concerts.
One of the things that makes Adele special is her distinctive, powerful voice and songs filled with emotion. Unlike many other singers, she does not have to follow trends or put on a show in order to be popular. As she said herself, she makes music for ears, not eyes.
5 a piece of recorded music that a new singer sends to a recording company 3 Find the words in the text that
3 easy to recognize because it is different from others
4 Complete the sentences with the missing words. 1 many
1 Adele was born ________ North London ________ 5th May 1988.
2 She developed a passion ________ music
she ________ a contract with…
4 a sudden or unexpected opportunity that helps you to become successful
5 Her debut album was ________ in 2008.
6 Since then Adele has ________ several albums…
7 She has ________ numerous awards,…
8 One of the things that ________ her special is…
5 Write a biography of a famous person.
Plan before you write.
Paragraph 1
When and where was he/she born? Where did he/she grow up?
Paragraph 2
How did he/she become famous?
Paragraph 3
What has happened since then? Has he/she won any awards?
Fun Page
Riddle
It’s brighter than a lamp. It’s hotter than an oven. It’s further away from us than a plane.What is it?
QUIZ K Are you a fashion victim?
1 What do you look for when you go shopping?
a) Discounts.
b) Clothes that suit me.
c) New arrivals.
2 When did you last buy some clothes?
a) I never buy clothes. My mother buys them for me.
b) A few months/weeks ago.
c) Less than 7 days ago.
Music Idioms
Match the idioms with their definitions.
A sound familiar, to remind you of something
B good news, information that makes someone happy
C improvise, to act according to the situation
Joke
A: How do you know that carrots are good for the eyes?
B: Have you even seen a rabbit wearing glasses?
Edukapromo
D talk proudly about your achievements
3 What do you usually wear?
a) I wear whatever I can find in the wardrobe.
b) Jeans and a T-shirt.
c) Whatever is in fashion.
4 How would you describe your style of dress?
a) I don’t know.
b) Casual.
c) Trendy.
Complete the sentences with the music idioms.
music to my ears
1 ‘Are you going to the mountains for the weekend?’ ‘I’m not sure yet. It depends on the weather. We’ll just have to see and _________________.’ 2 ‘I’ve got the job! Oh, that’s _________________!’
3 I hate the way Gary always _________________. He thinks he is the best, but in fact, he’s just arrogant and self-centred.
4 ‘Does the name Petra Summers _________________?’ ‘Yes, it sounds familiar. Is she an actress?'
Go to page 118
blow your own trumpet
Reading
Global Issues
Grammar
First Conditional Future Forms (Will, Be Going To, Present Continuous)
Vocabulary
The Environment Going Green Hobbies and Interests
Listening
Green Schools Project
Speaking
Talking about the world’s most pressing issues
Discussing how to reduce carbon emissions
Talking about future plans and arrangements
Predicting the future
Communication
Making Invitations
Across Cultures
Endangered Species
Writing
A Discussion Essay
A
R E ading Global Issues
1 Talk to a partner.
What are the main issues affecting our planet?
Vocabulary
The Environment
2 Match the words with the definitions.
overpopulation rearing cattle global warming the greenhouse effect deforestation
1 raising animals such as cows for their meat or milk
2 when there are too many people living in a particular place
3 the destruction of forests by cutting down trees
4 an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere
5 when heat can’t escape from the atmosphere and causes the temperature of the Earth to rise. It is caused by increased quantities of gases such as carbon dioxide in the air.
3 Look at the photos. Which phrases from exercise 2 do they illustrate?
4 Read the text quickly. What are the main causes of climate change?
The World’s Most Pressing Issues
If you ask people around the world what the most important global issues are, many will say that it is climate change or global warming, some will mention pollution and deforestation, while others may say that the greatest challenge facing humanity is overpopulation. There is no doubt that all these problems are serious, but what may not be obvious is that they are all interconnected.
In 1804 the world’s population was only 1 billion. However, between the 1920s and 1990s it increased from two to six billion. While it once took over a hundred years to add a billion people to the global population, it now takes only 12 or 13 years. Not surprisingly, this rapid population growth is putting additional pressure on natural resources and the environment.
Edukapromo
As the number of people on Earth increases, so do pollution and climate change. Currently most of the world's energy is generated by burning fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide (CO2), which is considered to be the main cause of climate change, traps heat from the sun, causing the earth’s average temperature to rise. If global warming continues at the present rate, temperatures will continue to increase, which means there will be serious consequences unless we take action to cut our carbon emissions. First, the ice caps will melt, causing sea levels to rise. As a result, there will be more frequent floods in some parts of the world and droughts in others and even the ozone layer may disappear.
Another key factor contributing to climate change is deforestation. Trees absorb CO2, so when they are cut down, the carbon stored in the trees is released into the atmosphere , adding to the greenhouse effect. In addition to helping regulate the Earth’s climate, forests are home to 80 % of all land animals and plants. Each year millions of hectares of forests are destroyed in order to utilize the land or trees. The trees are then usually used for fuel as well as for making paper and furniture, while the land is often converted into roads, housing and farms. What may come as a surprise is that one of the leading causes of deforestation and the main cause of the destruction of the Amazon rainforest is animal agriculture.
In fact, rearing cattle produces more greenhouse gases than all the cars, planes and other forms of transport combined. That is why it is very important to eat less meat and stop destroying our forests. If we continue cutting down trees, in 100 years there won’t be any rainforests left and many more animal and plant species will disappear for ever. What we can also do to protect our planet is replace fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy, such as solar or wind power. In most countries it will be a slow process, but what each of us can do is recycle and not waste food, water, electricity and paper. Remember that every little helps.
5 2.01 Read and listen to the text. Then choose the correct answers.
1 In the 20th century the population grew by more than ________. a) 1 billion b) 2 billion
2 Most of the energy we produce comes from ________. a) the sun
b) fossil fuels
c) four billion
c) trees
3 If global warming continues at the current rate, ________. a) the ozone layer will disappear b) temperatures will go down c) there will be more floods
4 ________ is worse for the environment than driving cars.
a) Renewable energy
5 We should ________.
a) conserve water
b) Road construction
b) waste resources
6 Find the words in the text that mean:
Edukapromo
1 a result or effect of something
2 sending gas, light, or heat into the air
3 very important
c) Meat production
c) eat more meat
4 something that needs a lot of skill or energy to deal with or achieve
5 relating to the sun, or coming from the sun
6 at the present time
7 to take in a gas, liquid, or other substance
8 fast, quick
7 Discuss.
What is in your opinion the most serious global issue? Why?
How are deforestation and overpopulation related?
What can we do to fight climate change and protect the environment?
gR amma R First Conditional
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. if unless continue will continues won’t
1 If global warming ______ at the present rate, temperatures will ______ to increase.
2 There ______ be serious consequences ______ we take action to cut our carbon emissions.
3 ______ we continue cutting down trees, in 100 years there ______ be any rainforests left.
2 Look at the sentences from exercise 1 and and choose the correct words in bold.
RULES
We use the First Conditional to talk about a possible / impossible situation and the future result. We use will / the Present Simple in the if clause. When the if clause is first, there is / isn’t a comma between the clauses. ‘Unless’ means the same as ‘if’ / ‘if not’
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 If we ____________ (not recycle), there ____________ (be) rubbish everywhere.
2 If the climate ____________ (change), there ____________ (be) water shortages in many parts the world.
3 The situation ____________ (get) worse if we ____________ (not do) something soon.
4 Many plants and animals ____________ (die) if the planet ____________ (become) hotter.
5 Unless we ____________ (reduce) our meat consumption, we ____________ (cannot) to feed the whole world.
4 Work in groups. Look at the clues below and talk about what will happen. global warming continue → ice caps melt → sea levels rise → floods around the world → ...
If global warming continues, the ice caps will melt.
5 Match sentence halves. Then complete the questions with the missing words.
1 _____ sea levels rise if A if we ____ stop destroying them?
Edukapromo
If the ice caps melt, sea levels will rise. If sea levels rise,...
2 What will happen to the rainforests B ____we stop polluting the environment?
3 Will the planet be cleaner C more people cycle?
4 Will _____ be less pollution if D if we don’t protect our planet?
5 _____ will be the consequences E the ice at the North and South Poles melts?
Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
6 Work in pairs. Follow the model below and talk about what will happen. Take turns asking and answering questions.
What will happen if there are over 10 billion people in 2050?
If there are over 10 billion people in 2050, the world will become overpopulated.
What will happen if the world becomes overpopulated? If the world...
Vocabulary
Green Schools Project
Going Green
1 Complete the collocations with the words in the box. Then match them with their definitions. solar environmentally carbon energy-efficient wind
_________________ friendly
bulbs
A using as little energy as possible
B not harmful to the environment
C the amount of carbon dioxide that someone’s activities produce
D a large machine used for producing electricity from the wind
E a piece of equipment that uses energy from the sun to make electricity
2 Here are some ideas to reduce carbon emissions. Complete the phrases with the missing words.
1 save e _ _ _ _ _ 6 give up m _ _ _
2 conserve w _ _ _ _ 7 plant v _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 plant t _ _ _ _ 8 buy locally-g _ _ _ _ food
4 recycle p _ _ _ _ 9 install solar p _ _ _ _ _ and wind t _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5 reduce w _ _ _ _ 10 walk or c _ _ _ _ instead of using a car
3
2.02 Listen to the dialogue. Tick the things from exercise 2 that Brenda and Lucas will do to reduce their carbon footprint.
4 Write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
1 Brenda is working with four other students on the school project.
2 Mr. Cooper is the headmaster of Brenda’s school.
3 Methane is a stronger gas than carbon dioxide.
4 Brenda wants to become a vegan.
5 Lucas and his friends have decided to put posters all around the school.
5 Listen again and complete the sentences with the missing words.
1 Brenda says that food travels about _______ miles before it is consumed.
2 Brenda tells Lucas that _______ produce a lot methane, which is bad for the _______.
3 A _______ is someone who doesn’t eat any animal products, such as meat, eggs, cheese or milk.
4 Lucas says there are a lot of _______ things they can to do to ______ energy consumption.
5 Lucas doesn’t want Brenda to get ________ in the _______.
6 Discuss in small groups. What can you do to reduce your carbon footprint at school / at home?
gR amma R
Future Forms
(Will, Be Going To, Present Continuous)
1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.
’ll be ’re meeting ’s going to rain ’ll come ’m going to walk will drive
1 From now on I _________________ to school.
2 Come on! My dad and I _________________ you home.
3 Oh, all right then! I_________________ with you this time.
4 We _________________ Mr. Cooper on Friday to discuss our ideas with him.
5 That’s a good idea! I’m sure it _________________ effective.
6 Look at these dark clouds. It looks like it _________________!
2 Look at the sentences from ex. 1 and complete the rules with the words in the box.
• 1__________ made at the moment of speaking (sentence 3);
• general 2__________ and opinions (with verbs think, expect, guess, hope, etc.) (sentence 5);
• 3__________ and promises (sentence 2).
We use be going to + infinitive for:
• plans and 4__________ (sentence 1);
• predictions based on 5__________ (sentence 6).
We use the Present Continuous for:
• definite future 6__________ (sentence 4).
3 Choose the correct verb forms.
1 We’ve got some suggestions for school meals, but first we’ll start / we’re going to start a vegetable garden.
2 I haven’t really thought about that. Wait, I know! We’ll make / We’re going to make posters and put them up around the school.
Edukapromo
3 I’ll meet / I’m meeting my friends tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to join us?
4 My father will pick me up / is picking me up at 2.30. We’ll give / We’re giving you a lift if you want.
5 Don’t worry. I’m sure you’ll manage / you’re managing to finish the project on time.
6 So what’s your plan? What will you do / are you going to do to reduce your carbon footprint?
4 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of will + infinitive, be going to + infinitive or the Present Continuous.
1 I ______________ (go) to the cinema with Alex tonight. Would you like to join us?
2 Joe ______________ (cycle) to school because it’s healthier and better for the environment.
3 I don’t think I ______________ (ever, be) famous.
4 Look at Adam! His eyes are closing. He ______________ (fall) asleep any minute.
5 ‘______ Kate _______ (join) us this evening?’ ‘I don’t know. I __________(ask) her now.’
5 Write down one thing:
1 you’re doing this week. .
2 you’re going to do next week.
3 you think you’ll do when you leave school. Share your ideas with a partner.
6 Put the words in the correct order to make questions. Then ask and answer with a partner.
1 this / doing / what / you / weekend / are _______________________________________________?
2 going / a / you / buy / are / soon / phone / to / new _______________________________________________?
3 think / how / town / fifty / in / do / your / change / years / will / you _______________________________________________?
7 Work in pairs.
Student A: Go to page 118.
Student B: Go to page 120.
8 Work in pairs. Try to predict what will happen in the future. Use some of the topics in the box and the expressions below. Cities Food Environment Crime Technology Jobs Clothes Shopping Transport Holidays
I think / I don’t think (that)... I imagine / I don’t imagine (that)... I believe / expect / hope (that)... I’m sure / not sure...
Will people travel to other planets?
Edukapromo
I’m sure they will. We will...
Will there be more or less crime in the future?
I hope there will be less crime, but...
Which jobs do you think will disappear in twenty years?
9 Work in small groups. Imagine you are doing a Green Schools Project. Discuss what each of you is going to do to reduce their carbon footprint. Then as a group decide on two activities and justify your choices.
I’m going to eat less meat because it’s really bad for the environment.
I’m not sure I can do that. My family and I are going to use the car less. We’re going to walk whenever we can.
I don’t think there’ll be any...
CommuniC ation
Making Invitations
1 Talk to a partner.
What is your favourite pastime?
How often do you see your friends outside of school? What do you do together? How often do you invite them over to yours?
Vocabulary
Hobbies and Interests
2 Answer the questions in small groups.
1 Which of the activities below can you see in the photos?
2 Which ones are environmentally friendly?
3 Which ones would you like to do or try to do more often?
hiking skydiving cycling volunteering having a party / a barbecue going to the cinema / a museum playing computer games / board games
3 2.03 Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions.
1 Which activities from exercise 2 are mentioned in the dialogue?
2 Where is Oscar going on Saturday?
3 Why can’t Daisy go out on Sunday morning?
4 When and where are Oscar and Daisy going to meet?
Oscar: Hey Daisy! What are you up to this weekend?
Edukapromo
Daisy: I’m taking part in a clean-up of the local park on Saturday morning. Why don’t you join us? We always need more volunteers.
Oscar: I’m sorry, but I can’t. I’m going hiking in the mountains with my parents. We’ll probably be there the whole day.
Daisy: Well, maybe you’ll be able to join us next time.
Oscar: Sure. What are you doing on Sunday morning? Freddie and I are going to the Natural History Museum. Do you fancy coming with us?
Daisy: I’d love to, but I have to stay in and look after my baby sister. My mum is away on a business trip and my dad is going skydiving with his mates.
Oscar: Skydiving?! Wow! I’d love to try that.
Daisy: I wouldn’t. I think it’s too dangerous and it isn’t exactly environmentally friendly.
Oscar: I guess not, but it must be really exciting. Look, are you free next Friday after school? We’re having a barbecue in the garden. Would you like to come over?
Daisy: I’d love to, thanks! But what if it rains?
Oscar: Then we’ll order pizzas and play some board games.
Daisy: That sounds like a good plan. I’ll be there.
4
2.04 Complete the sentences with the missing words. Then listen and check.
Asking about someone’s plans Inviting
What are you up 1_______ this weekend?
What are you 2_______ on Sunday morning? Are you 3_______ next Friday after school?
Why 4_______ you join us?
Do you 5_______ coming with us?
6_______ you like to come over?
Declining an invitation Accepting an invitation
I’m sorry, but I 7 _______.
I’d 8_______ to, but I have to stay in and look after my baby sister.
I 9_______ love to, thanks!
That 10_______ like a good plan. I’ll be there!
want + infinitive
Do you want to go out tonight? would like to + infinitive Would you like to go out out tonight? fancy + verb-ing Do you fancy going out tonight? I’d love to. = I would love to.
Complete the sentences with the missing words.
1 Why don’t you ________ over to my place on Wednesday evening?
2 I’d love ________ try skydiving one day
3 Do you fancy ________ to a restaurant this evening?
4 ________ you like to go swimming tomorrow?
5 Do you want to ________ fishing this weekend?
6
2.05 Listen to the questions and cross out the inappropriate responses.
1 a) I’d love to, thanks!
b) Wow! I’d love to try that.
c) I’m sorry, but I have to study. Maybe some other time.
2 a) Sure, why not?
b) I’m meeting someone else tomorrow.
c) I’m afraid I can’t. I have to go to the dentist.
3 a) Thanks, that’s very kind of you.
b) I’m afraid I won’t be able to come on Saturday
c) Thanks so much, but I’m afraid I’ve got other plans.
7 Work in pairs.
4 a) I’d love to, but I don’t like it.
b) Sure! What’s on?
c) I'm really sorry, but I've got something else on.
Edukapromo
5 a) I can’t, sorry. I have to work.
b) I haven’t got any plans. Why do you ask?
c) I’m afraid not. I’m going away for a few days tomorrow
6 a) That’s a great idea!
b) Nothing special.
c) I’m visiting my grandparents on Saturday, but I’ll be free on Sunday.
Ask your partner about their plans and invite them to join you in an activity. Accept or decline your partner’s invitation. Use the words and phrases from exercises 2, 4 and 6 as well as your own ideas.
aCRoss CuLtuREs
Endangered Species
1 Talk to a partner.
Is the world a safe place for all animals and plants? Why or why not?
2 Match the words with their meanings.
1 endangered species A when a person or animal is kept somewhere and is not allowed to leave
2 captivity B catching and killing animals illegally
3 extinct C the natural home of a plant or animal
4 habitat D no longer existing or living
5 poaching E the possibility that something very bad will happen
6 threat F animals or plants that may soon disappear because there aren’t many left now
3 Talk in small groups.
What animal species do you know of that are endangered or extinct? Why are some animal species endangered?
4 Read the text. What are the main threats to these species?
The World’s Most Endangered Animals
Our planet is home to over 7 million different animal species. While a large number of animals have already become extinct, many more are in danger of dying out due to human intervention. Apart from climate change, activities such as habitat destruction, overfishing and poaching are driving more and more species to the edge of extinction.
There are thousands of endangered animals across the world, but let’s have a look at some of the most critically endangered ones.
Amur Leopard
Native to the Russian Far East, the Amur leopard is the world's most endangered wild cat. It is an extremely rare species, with only about 60 individuals left on the planet. Amur leopards can live for 10-15 years in the wild and up to 20 years in captivity. Their habitat is threatened by deforestation and poaching, as well as climate change. These animals are hunted for their thick fur, but also for their body parts which are used in traditional Asian medicine.
Black Rhinoceros
Despite their name, black rhinos are actually grey in colour. They can be found in Namibia and east coast of Africa. Poaching for horns is seen as the biggest threat to this animal. Between 1970 and 1992, black rhino numbers dropped by 96 percent to less than 2,500. Since then their population has doubled thanks to conservation efforts across Africa, but the black rhino remains one the most critically endangered animals in the world.
Hawksbill Turtle
Found throughout the world’s tropical ocean waters, hawksbill turtles have been on this planet for over a million years. They play an important role in marine ecosystems by maintaining the health of coral reefs. In the last century the population of these sea creatures has declined by 80 percent, making them one of the most critically endangered species in the world. Today hawksbill turtles face a number of threats, including ocean pollution, fishing (they accidentally get caught in fishing nets) and poaching. They are often killed for meat and eggs, but also for their coloured shells, which are used for making jewellery and souvenirs.
Saola
First discovered in May 1992, the saola is found in the forests on the border of north-central Vietnam and Laos. Although it looks like a small deer or an antelope, it is more closely related to wild cattle. The saola is often called the ‘Asian unicorn’ not for its long horns, but for its rarity. Very little is known about this enigmatic animal as scientists have seen it only four times in the wild. Sadly, all the saolas that were in captivity died within days or weeks. Hunting and deforestation are the main threats to these animals and it is thought there could be as few as 20 individuals left in the wild.
Orangutan
Orangutans are the world’s largest tree-climbing mammals. The word ‘orangutan’ means ‘man of the forest’ in the Malay language. These extremely intelligent animals are found only in the rainforests of Southeast Asian islands of Borneo and Sumatra. They spend most of their lives high up in trees, using their long, powerful arms to swing from one branch to another. A century ago there were over 200,000 orangutans – probably three or four times as many as there are today. Major threats to orangutan populations are rapid deforestation and habitat destruction. Illegal pet trade is another serious threat as mothers are often killed for their babies, which are then sold as pets. If nothing is done to protect orangutans and their habitats, they will be extinct from the wild within the next 10 to 20 years.
5 Write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
1 Amur leopards can live longer in captivity than in the wild.
2 There are more black rhinos now than in 1992.
3 Thousands of sea turtles die every year because of plastic bags.
4 The saola is often called the ‘Asian unicorn’ because it has long horns.
5 There are about 200,000 orangutans left in the world.
6 Discuss.
What can we as individuals do to help protect endangered species?
PROJECT ■ An endangered animal
Write about an endangered animal. Say:
• where it lives.
• why it is endangered.
• how many of these animals there are left in the world
Include any other information you find relevant. Find photos for your project.
G
WRiting
A Discussion Essay
1 Talk to a partner.
Why do people hunt animals?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of hunting?
2 Read the essay and answer the questions.
1 Which paragraph introduces the topic? Which paragraph gives the writer’s opinion?
2 How many advantages of hunting are mentioned in the essay? What are they?
3 How many disadvantages of hunting are mentioned in the essay? What are they?
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Hunting
Hunting has been around as long as man has been on this planet. In the past animals were killed for food or profit, but today hunting is also a sport. Some people say that it is still acceptable to hunt animals, while others think that it is wrong.
One advantage of hunting is that it provides food for people. In fact, there are still some traditional communities that need to hunt in order to survive. Another advantage is that it can control certain animal populations, especially those that have become a threat to humans or other animal species. In addition, hunting can help people learn more about nature and even teach them how to survive in the wild.
1 2 3 4
On the other hand, hunting has many disadvantages. Firstly, it may cause animals to suffer and experience a slow, painful death. Secondly, there are thousands of people who don’t need animal meat to survive and who kill animals only for pleasure. Another disadvantage of hunting is that it can lead to the extinction of some animal species. Finally, it can be a very dangerous activity. Hunters not only put their own lives in danger, but also the lives of those around them.
In conclusion, there are strong arguments for and against hunting. In my opinion, hunting is in most cases unnecessary. I strongly believe that killing animals for sport is not only unacceptable, but also cruel and inhumane. There are many other hobbies people can take up that don’t harm any living beings or the environment.
3 Complete the phrases.
4 Match the phrases from exercise 3 Then read the text and check. with the phrases below.
Edukapromo
A 1______ people say that…, 2______ others think..
B 3 ______ advantage of hunting is..
C In 4______, there are still some…
D In 5______, hunting can help…
E On the other 6 ______,…
F Firstly,…
G 7 ______ disadvantage of hunting is that
H 8 ______ conclusion,…
I In my 9 ______,…
5 Discuss.
1 First of all,…
2 To sum up,…
3 However,…
4 I think that…
5 Actually ,…
6 People have different opinions about..
7 One positive thing about…
8 Another bad thing about…
9 Also
What are the advantages and disadvantages of keeping animals in zoos? What is your opinion? Do you think it is acceptable to keep animals in zoos?
6 Write an essay ■ The Advantages and Disadvantages of Keeping Animals in Zoos.
Plan before you write.
Paragraph 1: Introduction
Introduce the topic by saying what the current situation is. Say that people have different opinions on the subject. You can use: Some people say that… while others think…
Paragraph 2: Advantages (arguments for the subject)
Use some of these expressions: One advantage is that… In fact,… Another advantage… is… In addition…
Paragraph 3: Disadvantages (arguments against the subject)
Use some of these expressions: On the other hand,… Firstly,… Secondly,… Another disadvantage… Finally,…
Edukapromo
REVision
Units 5&6
Complete the crossword. What’s the mystery word?
Choose the odd one out.
1 jazz folk rapper classical 2 violin oboe clarinet flute 3 frightened scared exhausted terrified 4 emission dioxide gases footprint 5 habitat renewable species captivity
Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the words in CAPITALS.
1 Climate change is a serious environmental ___________. THREATEN
2 ___________ is one of the main contributors to climate change. FOREST
3 Many animal species are in danger of ___________. EXTINCT
4 Tiger bones and other body parts are used in ___________ Asian medicine. TRADITION
5 I think that hunting animals is cruel and ___________. ACCEPT
Choose the correct options.
1 The neighbours were shocking / shocked to hear about the burglary.
2 I’ve never sung / never sang in a band, but I’ve sung / sang in a choir when I was at school.
3 Mr Jones isn’t a / the teacher. He’s a / the headmaster of my school.
4 Orangutans will be extinct soon unless we act / don’t act now.
5 I’ll go / I’m going hiking this weekend. Would you like to come with me?
Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in brackets.
I have decided to cycle to school. (going) I am going to cycle to school.
1 These shoes are less comfortable than the old ones. (as) These shoes ______________________________________________________________.
2 My Internet connection is too slow to download the video. (enough) My Internet connection _____________________________________________________.
3 Do you want to watch a movie tonight? (fancy)
you
4 Unless you tell me what’s wrong, I won’t be able to help you. (if)
5 The last time I went abroad was in 2018. (since) I ________________________________________________________________________.
Reading
Dangers of the Internet
Grammar
Indefinite Pronouns
Gerunds and Infinitives
Conditionals Passive Reflexive Pronouns
Vocabulary
The Internet Negative Prefixes Holidays
Listening Modern Inventions
Speaking
Talking about the Internet and social media
Talking about inventions
Talking about imaginary situations Giving advice
Talking about hotels
Communication
Making Suggestions
Across Cultures
Unusual Hotels
Writing
An Imaginative Essay
Reading A The World Wide Web
1 Talk to a partner.
How much time do you spend online? What do you use the Internet for?
Vocabulary
The Internet
2 Match the words with their definitions.
1 social networking site A someone who writes negative comments on the Internet
2 attachment B a website where people can communicate and share information
3 troll C completely change something so that it is much better
4 addict D publish something such as a message or a picture on a website
5 post E someone who can’t stop doing or using something
6 revolutionize F a computer file that is sent with an email
3 What are some of the dangers of the Internet?
4 2.06 Read and listen to the text and check the answers. Which paragraph
1 gives some advice on social networking sites?
2 is about being dependent on the Internet?
3 lists some advantages of the Internet?
4 mentions how to protect your computer from viruses?
5 says we should be careful what we post online?
Dangers of the Internet
The Internet has completely revolutionized the way we live. Thanks to the world wide web getting information is much easier than it was in the past. Today we can go online anywhere using different devices – a computer, a tablet or a smartphone. The Internet allows us to keep in touch with friends, book holidays, pay bills and even do the shopping. However, being online doesn’t come without its risks.
First of all, there are thousands of computer viruses that can cause serious damage. To protect yourself from these, make sure you always have upto-date antivirus software installed. You should also avoid clicking on suspicious links or opening emails or attachments from unknown senders.
Another threat comes from social networking sites. Instead of meeting friends face to face, we now spend a lot of time communicating online, which has made us lazier and less social. Nowadays most young people share personal information on social media without thinking about the consequences. Remember that you shouldn’t trust everyone, especially not strangers as it is easy for people to pretend to be someone else when you can’t see them. The first thing you should do when opening a social media account is adjust the privacy settings so that only your family and friends can view your profile. Keep details such as your address or mobile phone number secret and pick a password that no one will be able to guess. The Internet seems to be full of trolls who
are just looking for attention. By getting angry you will only give them what they want, so the best thing you can do is to ignore them. Similarly, if someone keeps sending you messages that make you feel uncomfortable, you should block them, which will prevent them from messaging you or even seeing your profile. You should also always let an adult know if someone threatens you online.
Although we should be cautious who we communicate with online and which websites we visit, the biggest threat is actually ourselves. Millions of people around the world upload photos and express personal opinions on social media, hoping to receive as many ‘likes’ as possible. They make them feel better about themselves, but remember that the number of ‘likes’ or comments doesn’t mean you are more important than others. You should always think twice before posting anything online as embarrassing photos and rude comments won’t just simply disappear.
Another thing we have to be careful about is how much time we spend online. Most of us can’t imagine being disconnected for long, but that doesn’t mean that we are all Internet addicts. However, if the Internet is stopping you from doing other important things, such as studying, doing sport, spending time with friends and family, eating or even sleeping, then it is becoming an addiction. You may be keen on playing video games for hours on end, but remember that Internet addicts suffer from a number of health and mental problems, such as poor eyesight, backache, sleep disturbance as well as loneliness and depression. Taking up a sport you enjoy playing or reading a book can actually be much more exciting than looking at a screen all the time.
Despite all these dangers, the Internet is an amazing place that lets us discover an incredible new world. You just need to learn to use it wisely.
5 What should / shouldn’t you do online? Use the ideas from the box and your own ideas.
keep personal information private check privacy settings check your messages at night meet someone in person you’ve only met online have up-do-date antivirus software reply to people who send you rude messages write rude comments about your classmates keep your passwords safe share a lot of personal information on social media
6 Complete the table with the missing words.
7 Complete the table with the missing pronouns.
8 Complete the sentences with the indefinite pronouns from exercise 7.
1 Today we can go online ___________ using different devices.
2 Pick a password that ___________ will be able to guess.
3 You should always think twice before posting ___________ online.
4 It is easy for people to pretend to be ___________ else when you can’t see them.
9 Talk to a partner.
Do you use any social media? If so, which ones? How much personal information do you give out online?
Do you ever upload photos or videos that may be inappropriate? Have you ever sent or received any rude or threatening messages?
gR a MM a
R
Gerunds and Infinitives
1 Choose the correct forms of the verbs.
1 To be / Being online doesn’t come without its risks.
2 You should think / to think twice before post / posting anything online.
3 If someone keeps to send / sending you messages that make you feel / to feel uncomfortable, you should block them.
4 By get / getting angry you will only give them what they want, so the best thing you can do / to do is to ignore them.
5 The Internet is an amazing place that lets us discover / to discover an incredible new world.
2 Look at the sentences in exercise 1 and complete the rules by choosing the correct words in bold.
RULES
When a verb is the subject of a sentence, it is usually a gerund (verb+ing) / an infinitive. Prepositions (after, before, by, without, etc.) are often followed by a gerund / an infinitive. Modal verbs (can, could, should, would, etc.) are followed by an infinitive with to / infinitive without to. The verbs make and let are followed by an infinitive with / without to.
3 Look at the text on pages 96 and 97 and complete the table with the verbs in the box. allow avoid spend time pretend seem keep hope imagine enjoy learn
Verb + infinitive
Verb + gerund want agree decide refuse _____________ plan promise manage offer hate can’t stand not mind fancy finish
4 Complete the sentences with the gerund or the infinitive of the verbs in the box. play become surf be read go use
1 Our teachers don’t let us ____________ our phones in class.
2 I spend too much time ____________ the Internet.
3 I hope ____________ famous one day.
4 ____________ comics is my favourite pastime.
5 I’m keen on ____________ video games.
6 I sometimes pretend ____________ ill to avoid ____________ to school. Talk to a partner. Which sentences are true for you?
5 Work in groups. Tell each other about something
1 you plan to do when you’re older.
2 you can’t imagine living without.
3 you fancy doing tonight. 4 your parents make you do. 5 you dream of doing. 6 you have recently decided to do.
Listening Modern Inventions
1 What are the most important inventions of all time?
2 Talk to a partner.
Rank these inventions in order of importance. (10 = the most important, 1 = the least important). Give reasons for your choices.
the toilet electricity the radio the television the fridge the microwave the dishwasher air travel mobile phones the Internet
Which modern inventions have revolutionized the way we live?
Are there any other important inventions you would add to the list?
3 2.07 Listen to the conversation between Thomas and Abigail. Which statement is incorrect?
1 They are discussing the greatest inventions of all time.
2 They are discussing some modern inventions.
3 They are talking about how life will be different in the future.
4 Write Abigail, Thomas or Thomas and Abigail. Then listen again and check.
1 ____________ think(s) that driverless planes will be available soon.
2 ____________ can’t imagine life without the Internet.
3 ____________ think(s) there are some modern inventions that we don’t need.
4 ____________ believe(s) that technology is changing fast.
5 ____________ think(s) that smart homes will be common in the future.
Vocabulary
Edukapromo
Negative Prefixes
5 Complete the adjectives with the prefixes in the box. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner. un- (x2) in- im- il- ir-
1 Is it __realistic to expect driverless planes to arrive in the next ten years?
2 Do you think people who don’t do the housework are lazy and __responsible?
3 Is it __probable that robots will ever take over the world?
4 Do you think some modern inventions are __necessary? If so, which ones?
5 Is it __logical to believe that aliens don’t exist?
6 Would you like to be __visible? Why? / Why not?
6 Discuss.
Would you like to have a driverless car? Why? / Why not? How would your life be different if there was no Internet?
gR a MM a R
Conditionals
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. is will would don’t
1 If you __________ have something, then you can do without it.
2 If there __________ a need for something, people __________ find a way to do it.
3 If robots did everything for us, we __________ be lazy and irresponsible.
2 Look at the sentences from exercise 1. Which sentence is about:
a) the possible result of a real situation?
b) the possible result of an imaginary situation?
c) a situation that is always true?
3 Match the formulas below with a-c from exercise 2.
If-clause Main clause
If + Present Simple + Present Simple
If + Present Simple + will + infinitive
If + Past Simple + would + infinitive
4 Complete the sentences with will or would and the verbs in brackets.
1 If the weather is nice this weekend, I ___________ (go) to the swimming pool.
2 My parents ____________ (be) happier if I were more responsible.
3 If I didn’t have a smartphone, I ___________ (go) to bed earlier every night.
4 If I go to Paris, I ___________ (visit) the Eiffel Tower.
5 If I found a wallet full of money, I ___________ (keep) it.
Which sentences are true for you?
5 Answer the questions in small groups.
1 How do you feel if you get a bad mark at school?
2 How would you feel if you were alone on a desert island?
3 What will you do if have some free time this weekend?
4 If you could live anywhere in the world, which country would you choose and why?
5 If you were an animal, which animal would you be and why?
We can say If I was / were rich,… but when giving advice we always say: If I were you,…
If I were you, I would go out now.
6 Work in pairs. Take turns asking for and giving advice.
Student A: Say what your problem is. Use the ideas from the box and your own ideas.
I’m exhausted. I’ve got a headache. I’m starving. The Internet is not working. I’ve dropped my phone and now it’s broken. I’m addicted to video games. Someone has sent me a threatening message on social media. I feel depressed.
Student B: Give advice using “If I were you, I’d...”
Passive
7 Look at the sentences in the box and then rewrite sentences 1-5 using the passive.
Active
Today they make most iPhones in China. Edison invented the light bulb. Computers have replaced typewriters. They will release the new model of this car. You can carry a laptop anywhere.
1 The police have arrested the hackers.
Passive
Today most iPhones are made in China. The light bulb was invented by Edison. Typewriters have been replaced by computers. The new model of this car will be released. A laptop can be carried anywhere.
2 They will build a lot of smart homes in the next 10 years.
3 They sold the first mobile phones in the USA.
4 People can use robots for many different purposes.
5 They produce millions of vehicles in Germany every year.
Reflexive Pronouns
8 Look at the sentences below and choose the correct words in bold.
Today there are cars that drive themselves
Why do I need a robot to do the housework for me if I can do it by myself? What would we do with ourselves if there was no Internet?
RULES
Edukapromo
We use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object of the verb refer to the same / a different person or thing.
We use reflexive pronouns with the preposition by / with when we want to say that someone did something alone and/or with someone’s help / without any help.
9 Complete the table with the missing words.
himself, herself,
10 Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronouns.
1 You’ll hurt ______ if you aren’t careful.
5 We should always try to improve _____. grammar
2 I dropped my phone last week and now it turns ________ off every 10 minutes.
3 Positive comments make people feel better about ________.
4 No one helped him with the essay. He wrote it by ________.
COMMuniC atiOn
Making Suggestions
1 Talk to a partner.
If you could take a holiday anywhere in the world, where would you go? Why? Who would you go with? How would you get there? Where would you stay?
Vocabulary
Holidays
2 Match the words with the definitions.
1 destination
2 accommodation
resort
4 city break
a holiday on a large ship, during which you visit several places
the place where someone is going to 5 cruise
a place where a lot of people go for a holiday
3 Choose the odd one out.
1 accommodation / holiday / seaside / ski resort
2 adventure / skiing / beach / break holiday
3 stay in a hotel / cruise / houseboat / hostel
4 hire a car / bicycle / resort / yacht
5 book a holiday / a destination / a hotel / the tickets
6 go / do some exploring / relaxing / shopping / sightseeing
4 Match the types of holidays with the photos. a safari in Africa a cruise in the Caribbean a city break in Amsterdam a beach holiday in the Philippines a skiing holiday in the French Alps an adventure holiday in the Himalayas
5
2.08 Listen to the dialogue. What type of holiday do Simon and Laura want to go on?
Simon: What are we going to do for our holiday Laura?
Laura: I was thinking we could go on an adventure holiday somewhere far away for example the Himalayas.
Simon: Don’t be silly! Mum and dad would never agree to that. You know what they’d say, that it’s too dangerous and we’re too young.
Laura: But they said we could go wherever we wanted.
Simon: Come on, Laura! Let’s be realistic!
Laura: All right. How about going on a city break? I’ve always wanted to see Amsterdam. Maybe we could stay in a houseboat. We’d explore the city, do some sightseeing, walk by the canals...
Simon: I’m not so sure. A city break means a few days. I want a longer holiday.
Laura: Why not go skiing then? There’s still snow in the Alps.
Simon: I’d rather go somewhere where we can swim.
6
Laura: Let’s go on a beach holiday then. What about a seaside resort in Thailand or the Philippines?
Simon: That’s not a bad idea, but it would be too expensive and we would probably be stuck in one place.
Laura: I guess we could always hire a car and go to different beaches.
Simon: I don’t think I’d like to spend a lot of time in the car.
Laura: Then you definitely wouldn’t like to go on a safari in Africa, would you?
Simon: I’d actually love that, but I also want to relax somewhere on the beach.
Laura: I know! Why don’t we go on a cruise?!
Simon: Now that’s a good idea! But where shall we go?
Laura: How about the Caribbean?
Simon: That’d be great! Shall we have a look online?
Laura: Yes! I know some great websites where you can book a holiday.
2.09 Complete the sentences with the missing words. Then listen and check.
Making a suggestion
Agreeing with a suggestion I was thinking we 1_______ go on an adventure holiday.
How 2_______ going on a city break?
Why 3_______ go skiing then?
4_______ go on a beach holiday then.
I 5_______ we could always hire a car. Why 6_______ we go on a cruise?!
7_______ we have a look online?
7 Work in pairs.
Now that’s a 8_______ idea!
That’d be 9_______!
Disagreeing with a suggestion Don’t be 10_______!
I’m not so 11 _______.
I’d 12_______ go somewhere where we can swim.
That’s not a 13_______ idea, but it would be too expensive.
I’d actually 14_______ that, but I also want to relax somewhere on the beach.
Student A: You want to go on an adventure holiday or a safari. Talk to your brother/sister. Decide on the type of holiday and where you want to go. Use some phrases from exercise 6.
Student B: You want to have a relaxing beach holiday. Talk to your brother/sister. Decide on the type of holiday and where you want to go. Use some phrases from exercise 6.
8 Work with another partner.
Plan a holiday. Discuss some of the types of holidays and destinations from exercise 4 and use your own ideas.
Use some phrases from exercise 6.
aCROss CuLtuRes Unusual Hotels
1 Talk to a partner.
Are there any hotels where you live? What are they like? What are the most important things to look for when choosing a hotel? (location, price, comfort, food, reviews, etc.)?
2 Look at the photos. What do you think makes these hotels special?
3 Read the text and check your guesses. Match paragraphs A–F with photos 1–6.
The World’s Strangest Hotels
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to sleep underwater? Can you imagine staying at a hotel made of ice or salt? If you are after an unforgettable experience, then look no further! Here are some of the world’s weirdest and most wonderful hotels.
A Jules Underwater Lodge, the USA
1
2
Originally a marine research laboratory, Jules Underwater Lodge is the world’s first underwater hotel. Named after Jules Verne, the author of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, this extraordinary hotel is located at the bottom of the Emerald Lagoon in Key Largo, Florida. It is 7 metres below the surface of the lagoon, so you have to scuba dive to get to your room. Once there, you can sit by a large window and watch tropical fish pass by and if you get hungry, you can even have a pizza delivered to your door.
3
B Ice Hotel, Sweden
How would you feel if someone made you sleep in a room where the temperature is 5 degrees below zero? This is one of the features of the world’s largest hotel made of ice and snow. Located in a Swedish village about 200 km north of the Arctic Circle, the Ice Hotel is reconstructed every winter using ice from the nearby Torne river. Each ice room is unique because it’s designed by a different artist. It is freezing cold in the rooms, but it doesn’t stop 50,000 visitors from all over the world coming to see this magnificent hotel every year.
C Hann na Hotel, Japan
One thing Japan is well-known for is technology, so it comes as no surprise that the world’s first hotel run by robots was opened in this country in 2015. On arrival, guests are greeted by a Japanese-speaking humanoid female receptionist and an English-speaking dinosaur robot. Porter robots will carry your luggage and a robotic arm will store it for you. There is no need for keys as there is a facial recognition system installed. In your room another type of robot will control the lighting, set the alarm and even provide you with weather updates.
D Palacio de Sal, Bolivia
Palacio de Sal in Bolivia is one of a kind as it is made almost entirely of salt – the walls, the floors, the ceilings as well as most of the furniture. In fact, the only parts not made of salt are the toilets and the roof. This impressive hotel is located on the edge of Salar de Uyuni, the world’s largest salt flat, which covers an area of 10,582 km2. The comfortable rooms have amazing views and the food is delicious. You should be aware that the hotel has one very important rule though: you mustn’t lick the walls!
E
Magic Mountain Hotel, Chile
Situated in the heart of a nature reserve, Magic Mountain Hotel in Chile is truly unique. This luxury hotel is shaped like a volcano and covered in moss, with a waterfall cascading down its sides. It is only accessible by foot and you must walk across a suspension bridge in order to reach it. Looking like something out of a fairy tale, the hotel is surrounded by a rainforest where you may catch sight of a pudu, the world's smallest deer, which is only 33 cm tall.
F Costa Verde, Costa Rica
If you fancy sleeping on a plane, then Costa Rica’s Hotel Costa Verde is the right choice for you. Located in a rainforest between the Manuel Antonio National Park and the Pacific Ocean, this amazing hotel is surrounded by nature. What makes it unique, though, is that one of its luxury apartments is a converted Boeing 727. Nature lovers can enjoy spectacular views from their balconies, with monkeys and toucans as their closest neighbours.
If
PROJECT ■ An unusual hotel
Design your own hotel.
∙ Say where it is.
∙ Describe what it is like.
∙ Explain what makes it special.
Add photos or drawings.
WRiting
An Imaginative Essay
1 Talk to a partner.
If you could change the world, what would you change and why?
2 Read the essay. Do you agree or disagree with Amy’s ideas?
If I Could Change the World by Amy Walker
If I could change the world, the first thing I would do is stop wars and end poverty. There would be no violence or crime, so there would be no need for the police. I would also make sure that everyone had enough to eat and a roof over their head. That way there would be no famine and homelessness in the world.
Another thing I’d do is provide free education for everyone. Unfortunately, there are still a lot of poor people who can’t afford to send their children to school. If all the children in the world received a good education, they would be able to get better jobs and lead happier lives. Educated people who are content with themselves accept others as they are, so in an ideal world there would be no hatred or discrimination of any kind. Everyone would be equal, regardless of gender, nationality, religion or skin colour.
Finally, I’d do my best to protect the environment. There would be much less pollution, people would walk and cycle more, and no one would cut down trees or drop litter. As a result, we would all be healthier, but we’d also save many plants and animals from extinction.
There are so many other things I would do to improve the world we live in. I know I can’t really do any of those by myself, but I think we can all try to be the change we want to see.
3 Match sentence halves. Then complete them with the missing words.
1 If I 1_______ change the world, the first thing A free education for 6 _______.
2 I would also 2_______ sure that everyone B many plants and animals from 7 _______.
3 Another 3_______ I’d do is provide C to 8_______ the environment.
4 Finally, I’d do my 4 D I 9______ do is end poverty and stop wars.
5 As a 5_______, we would all be healthier, E 10_______ enough to eat and a roof over but we’d also save their head.
Edukapromo
4 Find the words in the text that mean:
1 happy, satisfied
2 unfair treatment of one person or group of people
3 no matter if they are male or female
4 the state of having no home
5 an extremely strong feeling of dislike
6 a situation in which a lot of people have little or no food for a long time and many people die
5 Discuss.
If you had a special power, what would it be? How would you use it and why?
If you had a time machine, where would you go and why? How could you help others? What would you change if you ruled the world? What would be the results of these changes?
6 Write an essay on one of the following topics:
∙ If I were invisible
∙ If I had a special power
Plan before you write.
∙ If I ruled the world
∙ If I had a time machine
Think about three things you would do. Explain why you would do them and what result that would have on you and others.
Write at least three paragraphs. Use some of these expressions: If I..., the first thing I would do is... I would also make sure that... That way there would be no... in the world.
Edukapromo
Fun Page
Riddle
If you drop a white hat into the Red Sea, what will it become?
QUIZ K Are you a good digital citizen?
1 Do you believe everything you read on the Internet?
a) Yes, I do.
b) I don’t really think much about it.
c) No, I always check it.
2 Do you ever download music or movies for free?
a) Of course.
b) Sometimes, although I know it’s wrong.
c) Never!
Animals Idioms
Match the idioms with their definitions.
A someone who seems to be a good person but is in fact bad
B I don’t want to tell you how I found out
Joke
Patient: Doctor! You have to help me! Nobody ever listens to me. No one ever pays any attention to what I have to say.
Doctor: Next please!
Edukapromo
C tell someone a secret, especially by accident
D in a situation or a place that makes you feel uncomfortable
3 Would you agree to meet someone you met online?
a) Sure, why not!
b) Maybe, but I’d bring a friend along.
c) No way!
4 Have you ever posted embarrassing photos of yourself or your friends on social media?
a) Of course. Everyone’s done it.
b) Once or twice, but I’m not proud of it.
c) Never!
Complete the sentences with the animal idioms.
Key Go to page 120
3 a wolf in sheep’s clothing
4 a little bird told me 1 like a fish out of water 2 let the cat out of the bag
1 ‘How does everyone know I’m getting married?’ ‘Sorry, I _______________________.’
2 I felt _______________________ because it was a karaoke night and I’m hopeless at singing.
3 ‘How did you know I was here?’ ‘Let’s just say _______________________.’
4 Alice is _________________________. She looks friendly, but she’s actually quite mean.
In My Book
Reading
Book Reviews
Grammar
Tense Review
Question Tags Will vs. May / Might
Vocabulary
Literature Books and Films
Antonyms
Listening
Books vs. Films
Speaking
Talking about books
Comparing books and films
Read I ng Book Reviews
1 Talk to a partner.
Do you like reading books? Why? / Why not? Is there a book or an author that you particularly like?
Vocabulary
Literature
2 Choose the odd one out.
1 guidebook dictionary novel encyclopedia
2 novelist writer poet narrator
3 autobiography best-seller mystery adventure
4 fiction tragedy science fiction drama
3 Look at the book covers below. Have you read or heard of any of the books? What do you think they are about?
4 Read the text quickly and check your guesses.
A The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon
The fifteen-year-old narrator, Christopher Boone, is a mathematically gifted, autistic boy who lives with his father and Toby, his pet rat. He refuses to eat anything yellow and brown, he avoids people and crowds and will hit anyone who touches him. Christopher has never been further than the end of his street on his own until he discovers a dead dog in his neighbour’s garden. He decides to investigate the murder of the dog and write a book about it, not realizing what other mysteries he will uncover along the way.
I accidentally found a copy of this book while I was walking back home from school. From the first page I was immediately hooked and I just couldn’t put it down. I think The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time is a wonderful book because it allows us to see the world from the perspective of someone who is different. This incredible novel, which is funny and sad at the same time, is a must-read for children and adults alike.
Edukapromo
B Lord of the Flies by William Golding
Lord of the Flies is a fictional novel written by William Golding in 1954. It tells the story of a group of schoolboys aged 6 to 12 whose plane has crashed on a desert island in the Pacific Ocean. At first the boys enjoy the unexpected freedom, but soon things take a turn for the worse. The main character is Ralph, who is elected leader. He wants to build shelters and keep a signal fire going, but Jack, who is only interested in hunting, slowly takes control of the group.
I had to read Lord of the Flies when I was at school and I can’t say I enjoyed it very much. In fact, I found it quite frightening at the time. It wasn’t until I read it again last month that I realized what a great novel it is. Although it’s about children, I don’t think it is actually a book for very young people as it deals with serious issues such as the loss of innocence as well as the conflict between civilization and savagery
C The Secret
Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 3/4
by Sue Townsend
The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13¾ is the first book in Sue Townsend's best-selling Adrian Mole series. The novel, which is written in diary form, deals with worries and regrets of a teenager who wants to be an intellectual. In his secret diary, Adrian writes openly about his life, his first love, his parents’ marital problems, all of which he describes in a very humorous way.
If you haven’t read this book, you really should. It’s so hilarious that it will make you laugh out loud. I´ve read it three times and I never get bored or tired of it. I’m currently reading the second book in the series, The Growing Pains of Adrian Mole, and as soon as I finish it, I’m going to borrow the next one from the library.
5 2.10 Read and listen to the text and answer the questions. Which book 1 was written by a woman? 2 isn’t very funny? 3 has a main character who is very unusual? 4 isn’t for a very young audience? 5 has several sequels?
7 Find the words in the text that mean:
8 Discuss. Which of the three novels would you like to read? Why?
gR a MM a R Tense Review
1 Choose the correct verb forms.
1 Christopher live / lives with his father and Toby, his pet rat.
2 I accidentally found / I have accidentally found a copy of this book while I walked / was walking back home from school.
3 I must / had to read Lord of the Flies when I was at school.
4 It’s so hilarious that it’ll / it’d make you laugh out loud.
5 If you haven’t read / didn’t read this book, you really should.
6 I currently read / I’m currently reading the second book in the series, and as soon as I finish it, I borrow / I’m going to borrow the next one from the library.
Which tenses are used in sentences 1-6 and why?
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs. Can you guess which book they were taken from?
1 Lots of things are mysteries. But that ___________ (not mean) there isn't an answer to them. It's just that scientists ___________ (not find) the answer yet.
2 I promise I ___________ (never, do) anything like that again.
3 While I ___________ (do) this Mother ___________ (go) into the kitchen and ___________ (heat) up some tomato soup because it was red.
4 I am ___________ (prove) that I'm not stupid.
5 I don't know what you ___________ (talk) about, Christopher.
3 Complete the questions with the correct form of the verbs.
1 How many hours ______ you ______ (spend) reading a week?
2 What is the longest book you ______ever ______ (read)? How long ______ it ______ (take) you to read it?
3 ______ you ______ (read) a book at the moment? If so, which one?
4 What ______ (be) the last book you ______ (buy)?
5 ______ you going ______ (read) any books next month?
Answer the questions with a partner.
4 Find someone: who likes reading detective stories. who has read the same book more than once. whose parents read bedtime stories to them when they were younger. who was reading something online at 9 p.m. last night. who will write a book when they grow up.
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5 Work in groups. Tell each other about something
1 you do on a regular basis.
2 you are going to do during the summer holiday.
3 you want to try, but haven't done yet.
4 you've had for a very long time.
5 you will do if you have more free time.
6 that happened while you were going back home from school.
L I sten I ng Books vs. Films
1 Talk to a partner.
When was the last time you went to the library?
Do you read books online?
Have you ever read a book and then watched the movie? Which was better? Why?
Vocabulary
Books and Films
2 Match the words with their definitions.
1 e-reader A an advertisement for a new film or television show
2 chapter B one of the parts into which a book is divided
3 plot C a small device for reading books in an electronic form
4 adaptation D the recorded music from a film
5 trailer E the story of a book, film, play, etc.
6 soundtrack F a film or television programme that is based on a book or play
3 Do the words below refer to books, films or both?
adaptation review plot soundtrack cover scene chapter genre trailer subtitles e-reader special effects
4 2.11 Listen to the conversation between Howard and his grandson Dylan. Which statement is incorrect?
1 They are comparing books and films.
2 They are comparing traditional and electronic books.
3 They are discussing the future of e-books.
Edukapromo
5 Listen again. Write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
1 Howard has read The Great Gatsby, but he hasn't seen the film yet.
2 Dylan thinks movies can help you learn a foreign language.
3 Dylan doesn't remember when he last read a book.
4 Howard doesn't think traditional books will disappear.
5 E-books are more environmentally friendly than print books.
6 Talk to a partner. Do you agree or disagree with these statements? Give reasons to support your opinions.
1 Film adaptations are never as good as the books they are based on.
2 You should always read reviews before deciding whether to read a book / watch a film.
3 Going to the library is a waste of time.
DgR a MM a R Question Tags
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
do does will can can't didn't isn't
1 You can use subtitles if you want to, _________ you?
2 You can't remember, _________ you?
3 It's easier to just go and buy a new book, _________ it?
4 Looking at the screen won't help you fall asleep, _________ it?
5 That doesn't mean movies are useless, _________ it?
6 You don't need to cut down any trees to make one, _________ you?
7 I read a novel for my English class a month ago, _________I?
2 Look at the sentences in exercise 1 and complete the rules by choosing the correct words in bold.
RULES
We use question tags to check if something is true or ask for agreement. We use a positive / negative question tag after a positive statement. We use a positive / negative question tag after a negative statement. The question tag uses the same / different auxiliary verb as the main part of the sentence. If the main part of the sentence doesn’t have an auxiliary verb, the question tag uses an appropriate form of have / do
3 Complete the sentences with the question tags.
1 Electronic books are also a lot cheaper, _______________?
2 You can find some amazing e-books for free, _______________?
3 You haven't finished the first chapter yet, _______________?
4 You weren't very keen on reading as a child, _______________?
5 He'd like to write a novel one day, _______________?
6 You didn't read any reviews before seeing the film, _______________?
7 You want to watch the movie with English subtitles, _______________?
8 Alice loves the soundtrack from that movie, _______________?
9 Paper books will be a thing of the past pretty soon, _______________?
10 Your parents bought a few second-hand books last week, _______________?
Edukapromo
4 Talk to a partner. Make questions using question tags. Use the ideas below.
1 age / birthday
2 siblings
3 parents' jobs
4 abilities
You’re 13, aren’t you?
You were born on 16th May, weren’t you?
5 what they did or didn't do yesterday / last week
6 places they have been to / haven't been to yet
7 things they like / don't like (doing)
8 plans / hopes for the future
My birthday’s on 16th June. Yes, I am.
No, I wasn’t.
You’re going to study architecture, aren’t you?
I’m not sure yet. I might. How about you?
You’d like to be an engineer, wouldn’t you?
Vocabulary
Antonyms
5 Look at the sentences below and write the antonyms of the adjectives in bold.
1 Books feature more complex characters and plot.
2 That doesn't mean movies are useless
3 Books can be so dull and they often make me sleepy.
4 That was compulsory. You had to read it.
5 An e-reader is very light and you can store hundreds of books on it.
6 It's easier to just go and buy a new book.
6 Talk to a partner. Tell each other about
1 an activity that you think is dull.
2 a book or a film with a complex plot.
3 a school subject that shouldn't be compulsory.
4 an object you own that is particularly light / heavy.
5 a website that contains a lot of useful / useless information.
6 something you have bought / would buy second hand.
grammar
Will vs. May / Might
7 Look at the sentences below and choose the correct words in bold.
I think traditional books will disappear one day. Traditional books might disappear, but I don't think they will Trailers usually show some exciting action-packed scenes, so you may actually be disappointed once you've seen the entire film.
RULES
We use may and might when we are / aren’t sure about the future. We use will to express certainty / uncertainty and make predictions about the future. Will, may and might are modal verbs, so they are followed by an infinitive with / without to.
8 Complete the sentences with will or may / might and the verbs in brackets.
Edukapromo
1 I _______________ (go) to university when I finish secondary school, but I'm still not sure.
2 I don't think robots _______________ (ever be) like people. That's impossible!
3 I _______________ (go) abroad this summer. It all depends on my parents.
4 I think I _______________ (definitely stay) at home tonight.
5 I haven't decided, but I _______________ (meet) my friends at the weekend.
6 As I'm not so good at music I'm sure I _______________ (not be) a musician when I grow up.
9 Work in groups. Tell each other about
1 something you'll definitely have one day.
2 something you definitely won't miss when you leave school.
3 a hobby you may take up in the future.
4 a place you may want to visit one day.
5 something you might not want to do when you're older.
ReVIsIon Units 7&8
Complete the crossword. What are the antonyms of these adjectives? What’s the mystery word?
simple
compulsory
regular
Choose the odd one out.
1 destination safari cruise sightseeing
2 irrational illogical sensitive immoral 3 genre fantasy drama mystery 4 hilarious funny curious humorous 5 scene chapter subtitles soundtrack
Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the words in CAPITALS.
1 Many teenagers all over the world are ___________ to their smartphones. ADDICT
2 Harry Potter by J. K. Rowling is the ___________ book series in history. BEST-SELLER
3 Please find the file in the ___________. ATTACH
4 Farewell To Arms is a ___________ novel written by Ernest Hemingway. FICTION
5 Always delete ___________ emails from people you don't know. SUSPICION
Choose the correct options.
1 He copied his friend’s homework instead of doing it himself / by himself.
2 What would you do if you don't have to / didn't have to go to school?
3 She's travelled by plane before, isn't she / hasn't she?
4 They're still not sure if they'll go out tonight. They will / may stay in and watch TV.
5 I need to finish wash / washing the car before we can leave.
Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in brackets.
I love horror stories. (keen) I'm keen on horror stories.
Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in brackets.
1 I can’t tell you the answer to this question because I don’t know it. (if)
2 He’s ill. That’s why he won’t be able to play the match today. (would) If
3 Please take some of this cake. (yourself)
4 My parents say I'm not allowed to stay out late. (let)
5 I'm not sure if Jeremy likes reading detective stories. (he) Jeremy
CommuniCation aCtivities
unit 3
Student A
Look at the pictures and answer the questions with another student A.
page 42 exercise 6
4 p.m.4.30 p.m.
1 What was the weather like? (the sun, shine) When did the boy leave the house? (4 p.m.) What was he wearing? (grey tracksuit, blue trainers) What was he carrying? (bottle of water)
2 What was the boy doing at 4.30? (run, park) What did he find? (wallet)
3 What happened next? (boy / hold wallet, man / ride bicycle, snatch wallet from his hand)
4 What happened while the man was getting off his bike? (phone fall out of his pocket)
Work with student B. Tell each other your stories and find six differences. Use the Past Simple and the Past Continuous.
unit 3
Student A
page 42 exercise 7
Look at the example and ask student B three questions. Replace the words in blue from the example with the words below (1–3).
When I saw you yesterday you were climbing up a tree. Why were you doing that?
I was climbing up a tree because I wanted to pick some cherries. 1 2
1 carrying an umbrella, but it wasn’t raining
2 looking through binoculars
3 running and screaming
Then answer student B’s questions. Use your imagination!
unit 3
STUDENT A – Suspect
page 52
Funpage
Last night at 9 p.m. someone broke into the school and stole a laptop from the teachers’ room. You and your friend were seen standing in front of the school at 8.50 p.m. You are now suspected of committing the crime and you have to create an alibi and prove that you were somewhere else at that time. Talk together and decide where you were and what you were doing at the time. Think of as many details as you can (e.g. when and where you met, what you were doing at 9 p.m., what you were wearing, etc.).
CommuniCation aCtivities
unit 3
Student A
page 46 exercise 4
Apologize to a friend because you are late. You got stuck in traffic. Think of three more apologies. Apologize and explain what happened. Then listen to your friend’s apologies and respond.
unit 4
Student A
page 56 exercise 4
Your partner has to guess the words in the box at the top of the cards from three clues that you give them. Without saying the word in the box, make three sentences using the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives and adverbs. Your partner must guess what it is.
When you have finished, try to invent another one for your partner.
An orange healthy / chocolate sweet / lemon much / vitamin C / apple
unit 5
page 80
Funpage
An elephant dangerous / tiger move / slowly / rabbit big / ears / any animal
Jeans long / shorts comfortable / tracksuit one / popular / clothing items
Mostly a: Some people would say you're practical, while some may even say you look scruffy. One thing is certain – you don’t pay much attention to what you wear.
Mostly b: You don’t care much about fashion, but you know what suits you. You are quite practical and prefer clothes that are comfortable.
Mostly c: You are always up-to-date with the latest trends but remember that it is OK to look different and have your own personal style.
unit 6
Student A
page 87 exercise 7
Try to arrange to meet student B when you are both free.
Edukapromo
What are you doing on Friday afternoon? I’ll be free then. Sorry, I’m…
doing a project for school
Afternoon Afternoon Afternoon visiting grandma
Evening Evening Evening football practice
unit 3
Student B
page 42 exercise 6
Look at the pictures and answer the questions with another student B.
1 What was the weather like? (rain) When did the boy leave the house? (4 p.m.) What was he wearing? (grey tracksuit, white trainers) What was he carrying? (umbrella)
2 What was the boy doing at 4.30? (walk, park) What did he find? (a wallet)
3 What happened next? (boy / hold wallet, man / walk past, snatch wallet from his hand)
4 What happened while the man was running? (phone fall out of his pocket)
Work with student A. Tell each other your stories and find six differences. Use the Past Simple and the Past Continuous.
unit 3
Student B
page 42 exercise 7
Look at the example and answer student A’s questions. Use your imagination!
When I saw you yesterday you were climbing up a tree. Why were you doing that?
I was climbing up a tree because I wanted to pick some cherries.
Then ask student A three questions. Replace the words in blue from the example with the words below (1–3).
1 wearing a police uniform
2 hiding in the bushes
3 throwing things out of the window
unit 3
page 52
Funpage
STUDENT B – Police officer
Last night at 9 p.m. someone broke into the school and stole a laptop from the teachers’ room. There are two suspects who were seen standing in front of the school at 8.50 p.m. You are going to question them individually and try to catch them out.
Try to write as many questions as you can (e.g. Where were you at 9 p.m. last night? What were you doing? etc). If the information they give is the same, it means they are innocent. However, if they give a lot of different answers, they will be guilty. You will vote and decide on the punishment.
CommuniCation aCtivities
unit 3
Student B
page 46 exercise 4
Listen to your friend’s apologies and respond. Then apologize to your friend because you didn’t call him/her last night. You were revising for the test and you fell asleep.
Think of three more apologies. Apologize and explain what happened.
unit 4
Student A
page 56 exercise 4
Your partner has to guess the words in the box at the top of the cards from three clues that you give them. Without saying the word in the box, make three sentences using the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives and adverbs. Your partner must guess what it is. When you have finished, try to invent another one for your partner
A cherry small / apple juicy / banana sour / lemon
unit 6
Student B
A plane big / car fast / train can fly / high / bird
page 87 exercise 7
Try to arrange to meet student A when you are both free.
What are you doing on Friday morning? I’ll be free then. Sorry, I’m…
A chimpanzee small / gorilla can climb a tree / fast / human one / intelligent animals
Friday Saturday Sunday
Edukapromo
Morning Morning Morning cinema with Jackie Afternoon Afternoon Afternoon revising for the test ................................... shopping with parents
Evening Evening Evening visiting relatives
unit 7
Funpage page 108
Mostly a: You are a bad digital citizen. You have to learn how to behave responsibly online, otherwise you may get into serious trouble in the future.
Mostly b: You are not a bad citizen, but you could be better. Try to be more responsible and respectful. Mostly c: Congratulations! You are a good digital citizen! You are respectful and you know how to use the Internet in a safe way.
