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Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, 6 Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India 1 t E-mail: info@journalspub.com 0 2 mi icle b rt u S A Mechanical Engineering Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and International Journal of Thermal Energy and u Mechanical Behaviour Applications International Journal of Machine Design and International Journal of Production Engineering Yo «

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

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Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

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International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning is rapidly growing area of architecture and planning is devoted to create awareness in the sustainable architecture and related fields that are of equal importance and can create an impact on the ongoing research.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Building science and management ! Computer techniques in architectural design ! Construction industry ! Heritage studies and conservation ! Infrastructure planning and systems management ! Maintenance and up-gradation of historic structures ! Planning, designing, and constructing buildings ! Contemporary architecture ! Organic architecture ! Sustainable architecture

International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning.is published twice a year (bi-annual) by JournalsPub- an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd., India. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permission to the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Sutapa Das Department of Architecture, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India

Dr. Suchandra Bardhan Department of Architecture, Jadavpur University, India

Dr. Krishna Kumar Dhote Department of Architecture and Planning, MANIT, Bhopal (M.P.), India

Dr. Sandeep Dua Department of Physical Planning & Architecture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, India

Dr. Prakash Vinayak Durge Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Tecnology Akola, India

Dr. Mohammed Sazzad Hossain Department of Architecture, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dr. Mostafa Refat Ismail Department of Architecture Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Dr. Minakshi Jain Department of Architecture, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur (H.P), India

Dr. Adesoji David Jiboye Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal Department of Architecture, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

Dr. Saikala Lakshminarayanan, Department of Architecture, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, TamilNadu, India

Farhan Mohammad Fazli, Aligarh Muslim University, A Central Government Institution, India

Dr. Amar Nath Nayak, Department of Civil Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Odisha, India

Dr. Rajindra Kumar Pandit, Department of Architecture, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, India

Dr. Nelly Shafik Ramzy Department of Architecture, Sinai University, Cairo, Egypt

Dr. Kailash M. Rao, Department of Architecture, Manipal University, India

Dr. Satyaki Sarkar, Department of Architecture, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India

Dr. Debasis Sarkar Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Ahmedabad, India

Dr. Dili A. S., TKM College of Engineering, Kollam Kerala, India

Dr. B. S. Bhooshan, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore BSB Architects, Bangalore and Mysore, India

Dr. G. Viswanadha Kumar, Associate Professor Department of Architecture, A.U. College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India

Ar. Debashis Sanyal, Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Ms Sharmin Khan, Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Z.H.C.E.T., AMU, Aligarh, India

Bhawna Shrivastava, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, India

Mr. Saptarshi Sanyal Assistant Professor of Architecture, School of Planning & Architecture, (SPA) New Delhi, India, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning. This journal is part of the Architecture, and is devoted to the scope of present Architecture issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Architecture as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Architectural community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Architecture and Infrastructure Planning in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Building science and management Construction industry, Heritage studies and conservation, Contemporary architecture, Organic and Sustainable Architecture. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Architecture and Infrastructure planning community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Architectural readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Rejuvenate Past- Conserve Heritage M.F. Fazli, S.K. Gupta, S.B. Mehta

2. Square Up For Green Infrastructure: Taj Mahal Ankita Singh

3. Significance of Smart Cities in 21st Century From an International Business Perspective A.N. Sarkar

4. Certification and Rating Systems of Green Buildings A.N. Sarkar

5. Logistics Clustering for Leveraging International Business Operations of Aerotropolis A.N. Sarkar

International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning ISSN: 2456-0154 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Rejuvenate Past- Conserve Heritage M.F. Fazli1*, S.K. Gupta2, S.B. Mehta3 1

Department of Architecture, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India 2 Amity School of Architecture and Planning, Amity University, Haryana, India 3 Chandigarh College of Architecture, Chandigarh, India

Abstract Conservation of heritage areas is not taken very seriously in our country, which is the reason we are losing our past. The conservation movement is a grass-roots effort led by individuals determined to foster a greater appreciation for the cultural, social, historical and architectural qualities of the built environment. The individuals set in motion the preservation of buildings that have become part of our collective identity and contribute daily to the beauty and education of our city and country. Conserving historic areas is essential to understanding our nation's rich culture and it also helps to reconstruct our nation’s past. Keywords: conservation, heritage, management plan

INTRODUCTION The problems in most of the heritage areas are similar and are due to the lack of maintenance and management. This is a common practice with all the heritage buildings of national importance. Every heritage area will suffer the same fate in spite of starting out with a fairly well conceived planned layout with remarkable architectural style which will evoke a sense of distinction and pride and also an identity and aesthetic sense for that particular site. While heritage has now been generally recognized by society as important, the actual preservation and conservation processes pose a very real challenge. It is important to restore the historic buildings and monuments because it provides a sense of identity and continuity in a fast changing world for future generations.

buildings and designation of heritage areas is yet not done in most part of the country. The reason behind it, we don’t know the significance and values of our heritage. It is important to give attention towards the building of any age. Existing building along with its surrounding can often be energy efficient through their use of good ventilation, durable materials, and spatial relationships and have the advantage of saving the time, new building materials, infrastructure etc. This paper intends merely to focus on the Built Heritage which is part of the tangible cultural heritage. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the role that built cultural heritage can play within sustainable urban development. It will also look on some conservation issues that may arise while defining the significance and values of the heritage areas. Finally it will provide some basic management &

Heritage is seen as a major component of quality of life, but the two main methods of identifying and protecting built heritage. The listing of individual monuments and

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International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning ISSN: 2456-0154 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Square Up For Green Infrastructure: Taj Mahal Ankita Singh* Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida

Abstract In the world no region will be entirely spared, the worst impacts are likely to fall most frequently on developing cities and in particular low-income cities in India like Agra. However, green infrastructure (GI) has been proposed as one of the good approach to soothe and adapt the built environment consequences of increased temperatures resulting from various sources. Impregnable surfaces, like roads, roofs and pavements move a variety of pollutants in the urban environment toward rivers, homes, buildings and mostly for monuments; and other supplies through gray infrastructure characteristic such as storm drains and pipes. The Taj Mahal is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in a vast Mughal garden that encompasses a huge area, in the Agra District in Uttar Pradesh. It is the 1st wonder among 7 wonders of the world which is the stooge of built environment pollution effects of grey infrastructure (pipes, pumps, ditches, and detention ponds).Green infrastructure characterized by various management practices, including bio retention, swales, wetlands, forest buffers, and vegetated strips. All these have been implemented to reduce pollution and benefit municipalities responsible for pollution reduction programs. Green infrastructures leads to improve the gases load like nitrogen, phosphorous etc. and reduction in metals as well. All the above mentioned pollutants are harmful for Taj Mahal and river Yamuna as all the sources from grey infrastructure provoke global warming, greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion which is direct hazards for Taj Mahal. It recommended more programs for green infrastructure planning and implementation in Agra so that Taj Mahal is save and environment desist from activities that depletes the ozone layer and as well encourage the protection of available greenery in the environment. With this, the on-going global warming will seriously decline. Keywords: green infrastructure, global warming, gray infrastructure, ozone layer

INTRODUCTION The Taj Mahal is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in a huge acre area in Agra District UP. It was built by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal with construction of 16 years. It is a rhythmic beauty with lots of art embedded in a single umbrella called Taj Mahal. Despite efforts to keep the outer surfaces of the Taj Mahal white, it remains discolored, and the reason for the discoloration of Taj Mahal is not currently

understood. Recent work has reported poor air quality throughout the Indo-Gangetic plain counting relatively high concentrations of particulate matter like polluted gases, metals etc. in Agra. Particulate matter includes the light absorbing components black carbon (BC), light absorbing organic carbon etc. These carbons absorbed in the UV region and give brown color to the atmosphere which can be absorbed by Taj Mahal which turns it into yellow color. The presence of these

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International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning ISSN: 2456-0154 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Significance of Smart Cities in 21st Century From an International Business Perspective A.N. Sarkar* Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, 3 & 4 Institutional Areas, Jasola (Sarita Vihar), New Delhi

Abstract Globally, cities account for as many as 80% of the nine billion people inhabiting the earth. These cities will have an enormous impact on our environment and economy. It therefore appears essential that the world itself decide how these cities are to be organized in ways that satisfy mankind’s future needs for survival and growth. In doing so, cities need to be technologically and environmentally sound, economically prosperous and socially just. Such cities will also rely increasingly on the “Internet of Things.” This will permit and strongly encourage, smart cities to make more effective a genuinely integrated world business environment, as well as a global trading systems. The future city will not only influence on society, but will also impacts a wider global environments and economies. This paper is directed to explore and discuss the significance and new opportunities of smart cities in international businesses to face the challenges of the 21st Century. Keywords: International Business Perspective, smart cities, 21st Century

INTRODUCTION According to UN statistics, more than 51% of us now reside in urban environments. Since the turn of this century, mega-cities in the developing world have seen a full doubling of their populations and even developed-world cities and towns have seen a 10% increase. By 2050, over twothirds of us will be urban dwellers – a situation that will pose several challenges and opportunities for us all. Cities are ground-zero for an increasingly strained social-safety net, in fighting communicable diseases that can lead to pandemics, and in combating terrorism, international gangs and crime syndicates. But they also act as the economic engines for new-world economies and are on the forefront of their respective national hopes and desires to compete on the international stage. To seize their moments of glory and squelch instances of trouble, cities will

have to become intelligent, more innovative and more integrated across their employees, citizens and businesses to thrive in the age of globalization. Moving quickly into the 21st century, it becomes clear that a city’s overall livability will have to enter a new dimension in order to keep pace with growing populations and finite resources. Technological innovation coupled with smart connectivity that leverages the growing Internet of Things, can solve actual hazard points related to traffic congestion, waste/pollution management and energy efficiency that will take city livability to new approaches. Taking a cue from above, the broad objectives of the paper are to look at the major elements of the typical smart cities and, based on these strengths, in what ways we should be able to define the mechanisms to make the smart cities

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International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning ISSN: 2456-0154 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Certification and Rating Systems of Green Buildings A.N. Sarkar Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, New Delhi, India

INTRODUCTION Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency of buildings and their use of energy, water, and materials, and reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal – taking into account every aspect of the complete building life cycle. Green Building also refers to Design and construction practices that significantly reduce, or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and its occupants with regard to site planning; safeguarding water use and water use efficiency; promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy; conserving materials and resources; and promoting indoor environmental quality (US Green Building Council). Green building is “a holistic approach to design, construction, and demolition that minimizes the building’s impact on the environment, the occupants, and the community” (California Building Standards Commission). Now, more than ever, the need for industry’s best practices remains critical to the Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) related issues of the Green Market. To date, more than 300 investor-owned utilities, municipal utilities, and cooperatives have either implemented or announced plans to offer a green pricing option for a wide-ranging eco-friendly Green products, including Green Building.“Green” or “Sustainable” buildings are characterized by: efficient management of energy and water resources; management of material resources and waste; restoration and protection of environmental quality;

enhancement and protection of health and indoor environmental quality; reinforcement of natural systems; analysis of the life cycle costs and benefits of materials and methods; integration of the design decision-making process.

A Model Green Building Cluster in South California. In recent times, Green building has attracted the imagination of both architects and builders world over for adaptation and expansion in the urban areas in particular because of several tangible and intangible benefits. The tangible benefits include: reduction in water and energy consumption, energy savings ranging from 20 to 30% and water savings around 30– 50%. The intangible benefits of green new buildings include enhanced air quality, excellent day-lighting, health and wellbeing of the occupants, safety benefits and conservation of scarce national resources, organic wastes and waste water reduction/recycling to derive both environmental and financial leveraging. Green buildings have a smarter lighting system that automatically switches off when no one is present inside the rooms.

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Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning ISSN: 2456-0154 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Logistics Clustering for Leveraging International Business Operations of Aerotropolis A.N. Sarkar* Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, 3 & 4 Institutional Areas, Jasola, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, India

Abstract Logistics and supply-chain management constitute the two cardinal and critical components for conducting aerotropolis-based global businesses. Logistics infrastructure; especially when in clusters becomes a key enabler of global trade. Speed and responsiveness have been recognized as essential elements of competitive strategy in the international businesses. Airports have always been the key nodes in global production systems offering speed, agility, and connectivity to the expected level of services by the industry. To increase the speed with which companies are able to respond to customer orders, many warehouse and distribution companies, as well as logistics companies, have located close to airports i.e. Airport cities or aerotropolis. Increasingly, now, manufacturing companies are also locating close to airports to minimize the distance between the place of manufacture and the location of transport. In this endeavour, products can move quickly off the assembly-line and onto the freighter and the vessels. The concentration of these manufacturing activities acts as a magnet to attract other supporting knowledge and service industries globally by forging widely networked connectivity of all kinds. These connected trends have led to the emergence of a new form of airport-centric commercial development in the aviation sector, called the aerotropolis. This trend has transformed “city airports” into “airport cities.” This trend also positions airports as 21st century drivers of business location, urban economic growth and global economic integration. The aerotropolises are also powerful engines of regional and local economic development, attracting aviation-linked businesses of all types that are attracted by the ability to get their products to customers around the world. Increasingly, these companies include, among others, time-sensitive manufacturing and distribution facilities, as well as hotel, entertainment, retail, convention, trade and exhibition complexes. This paper explains and illustrates the various infrastructural support systems and operational modalities used by logistics clusters in the aerotropolis for leveraging operational business efficiencies in a hyper-competitive manner. Keywords: aerotropolis, international business, logistics clusters

INTRODUCTION Three generic models of airports as activity centres can be conceptualized in the aviation industries and businesses. The ‘aviapolis’ is the marketing and development of aviation orientated and airport-centred business hubs.[1] The ‘airfront’ is the collection of aviation

related industries and services attracted to, and located within, an airport hinterland.[2] The identification of the airport as a focus for logistics, and as a function of transportbased urban development, has been recognised as an ‘aerotropolis’.[3]

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

Civil Engineering

« International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

« « « «

Nursing « « « « «

Architecture and Infrastructure Planning Jan – June 2016

IJAIP

Material Sciences and Engineering

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5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

International Journal of

1 more...

Architecture

« « « « «

e-ISSN: 2456-0154

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences