International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing vol 2 issue 1 by JournalsPub

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, 6 Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India 1 t E-mail: info@journalspub.com 0 2 mi icle b rt u S A Mechanical Engineering Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and International Journal of Thermal Energy and u Mechanical Behaviour Applications International Journal of Machine Design and International Journal of Production Engineering Yo «

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International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing

International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing reports new research as well, new application of the technology that could be of use in the ongoing research and in framing an educational ground for the students. The focus of the journal broadly covers computer-aided manufacturing software and automation of machining processes.

Focus and Scope of the Journal !

High Speed Machining, including streamlining of tool paths

! Multi-function Machining ! 5 Axis Machining ! Feature recognition and machining ! Automation of Machining processes ! Computer-aided manufacturing software ! Automate manufacturing processes ! Manufacturing process and usage complexity ! Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Direct numerical control (DNC) systems ! Modern enterprise integration ! Machine process automation

International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing is published twice a year (bi-annual) by JournalsPub, an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd., India. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permission to the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Arindam Kumar Chanda G. B. Pant Govt. Engineering College, Okhla New Delhi, India

Dr. Xiaojun Chen Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Dr. Jagadeesh P Ganjigatti Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tunkur, India

Dr. S Ramabalan Department of Mechanical Engineering, E. G. S. Pillay Engineering College Nagapattinum, (Tamil Nadu), India

Dr. S. John Alexis Department of Automobile Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, (Tamil Nadu), India

Dr. Siva Prasad Kondapalli Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences, Visakhapatnam, India

Dr. N. Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, India

Dr. R S Jadoun G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pant Nagar, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing. This journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Computer Aided Manufacturing issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Computer Aided Manufacturing as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Computer Aided Manufacturing in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Multi-function machining, 5 axis machining, feature recognition and machining, Automation of machining processes, computer-aided manufacturing software, etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Computer Aided Manufacturing and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Mechanical Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Computer Aided Manufacturing. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Computer Aided Manufacturing.

Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Thermal Analysis of Nonvented (Solid) Disc Brake Using ANSYS Software (A Review Paper) H. Nimhal, C. Agarwal, S. Jindal, M.A. Saloda

2. Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: The Review V. Malhotra

3. Review on HSM of Titanium Alloys in Aerospace Industry Priyanka Garg

4. Research Insight: Compensation and Calibration Methods for Mechanical Backlash in CNC Machines S. Sharmila

5. Research Insight: Highlights on CAM Applications in Production D. Siddharth

International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing Vol. 1: Issue 2

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Thermal Analysis of Nonvented (Solid) Disc Brake Using ANSYS Software (A Review Paper) H. Nimhal*, C. Agarwal, S. Jindal, M.A. Saloda College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract The disc brakes are exposed to large thermal stresses and heat during routine braking. The extraordinary thermal stresses, tremendous heat occurred in the disc during hard braking. The aim of the project or research work is to design and analysis of disc. The modelling or design of the disc is done using solid works software. The Thermal analysis of disc brakes is to be done on the Non-vented condition using ANSYS software with different materials. The thermal analysis is done to analysis the thermal properties e.g. Thermal deformation and Heat flux. The comparison can be done for temperature distribution between different materials. In this analysis, the different materials to check which material are best. Solid works is a 3d modelling software widely used in the design process. The ANSYS software is general-purpose finite element analysis (FEA) software package for analysis. Finite Element Analysis is a numerical solution method of deconstructing the complex system into very small pieces called elements. Keywords: ANSYS, rotor brake, solid works, structure and thermal analysis

INTRODUCTION The Brakes are the most important safety parts of the vehicles. The disc brake is a mechanical device to stop or slowing the rotation of the wheel. The braking pads are forced mechanically against the both surfaces on the rotor or disc which causes friction is always generated between the disc and pad. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop the vehicle. Due to the friction the heat is generated in the disc, but if the brakes get too hot, they will cease to work because they cannot dissipate enough heat. Disc brakes are exposed to huge thermal stresses or heat during routine braking. In short, the brakes change the kinetic energy of the car into heat energy, thus slowing its speed. Compare to the drum disc brake, the nonvented (solid) disc brakes get back to the

normal temperature. In the case of nonvented disc, the disc is allow to additional air flow as compared to the drum brakes offer better stooping performance, because the disc is more readily cooled.[1] LITERATURE OF REVIEW Enderson et al. (1990) investigated the hot spotting in automotive friction system. When the sliding bodies of disc brake occurred significant frictional heating, thermo elastic deformation of the disc brake may lead to a change from smoothly distributed severity contact to a condition where the surfaces are supported by few thermal asperities. This situation may be associated with a change to a condition of severe wear because of the exalted contact pressure and temperature, and it is also because of production of tensile stresses.

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International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: The Review V. Malhotra* Department of Mechanical Engineering, YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, India

Abstract The advanced manufacturing systems help to improve the production processes and various management techniques. Advanced manufacturing Technology (AMT) involves the innovative integration and optimization of new technology. This helps to increase the productivity and flexibility. In this research paper several factors have been studied from the literature review. Keywords: advanced, manufacturing, factors, production

INTRODUCTION An advanced manufacturing production system is capable of furnishing a mix of products in small, medium and large quantities with both the efficiency of productivity and flexibility of custom manufacturing to respond quickly to customer demand. [1] The importance of flexibility and efficiency has increased in the manufacturing fields. The rising level of uncertainty in consumer preferences has caused many organizations to aggressively search for cost reductions and other sources of competitive advantage. [2] The small and medium scale industries are the backbone of the industrialization process in developing and developed countries. They play a crucial role in increasing the country’s economy. With globalization and free trade agreements, the SMIs are under increasing pressure to adopt advanced manufacturing technologies to be competitive or simply to survive. From the literature review it has found that AMT can be implemented in smaller firms and are more successful than bigger firms, the implementation of AMT requires the SMIs to adopt new ways of thinking and doing work. The successful

implementation of AMT will require the companies to have a workforce with higher level of skills, a flexible organizational structure and a new culture in managing and training. [3] LITERATURE REVIEW Park et al. (1990) stated that implementation of automation technologies entails a large initial investment under a long-term, uncertain environment. They also observed that the decisions to implement AMT must be determined by expectations concerning factors of demand such as the breadth of the variety of products, thequantity of demand, and also the quality of products. Mohanty (1993) indicate that successful selection and implementation of AMT requires a thorough understanding of various issues. Researchers have identified and classified these attributes. For example, Tayyari and Kroll (1990) have divided AMT issues into two categories, namely direct cost benefits, and intangible (hidden) benefits. Mohanty (1993) has classified implementation issues into six categories:

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International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Review on HSM of Titanium Alloys in Aerospace Industry Priyanka Garg* University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Despite of good strength-to-weight ratio and superior corrosion resistance of titanium alloys, it is very difficult to machine them due to their poor machinability. Productivity and efficiency of the titanium alloys can be improved by means of high speed machining tools. Eventually, it is a much needed technology to complement the advancements in aerospace manufacturing applications. A bulk of literature is accounted for the purpose that simply suggest that different methods are being employed by researchers to improve the machinability of Titanium alloys in numerous aerospace as well as other engineering applications. In the present paper, a brief review is made on several past research works related to enhancement of conventional machining of titanium alloys and it was affirmed that HSM is one of the most preferable techniques to serve the purpose. Keywords: titanium, high-speed machining applications, corrosion, thermal conductivity

INTRODUCTION Significant advances have been made in understanding the behavior of engineering materials when machining at higher cutting conditions from practical and theoretical standpoints. By their very nature, aerospace applications demand parts that are both very light and extremely strong, titanium remains one of few metals capable of meeting the high standards required by modern aerospace applications. In the paper by Mustafizur Rahman et al. discussed about HSM of titanium alloys, that on machining titanium alloys with conventional tools, the tool wear rate progresses rapidly, and it is generally difficult to achieve a cutting speed of over 60m/min. Other types of tool materials, including ceramic, diamond, and cubic boron nitride (CBN), are highly reactive with titanium alloys at higher temperature. However, binder-less IJCAM (2016) 10â&#x20AC;&#x201C;14 ÂŠ JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved

(HSM),

machinability,

aerospace

CBN (BCBN) tools, which do not have any binder, sintering agent or catalyst, have a remarkably longer tool life than conventional CBN inserts even at high cutting speeds. In order to get deeper understanding of high speed machining (HSM) of titanium alloys, the generation of mathematical models is essential. The models are also needed to predict the machining parameters for HSM. Nabhani conducted turning tests on rolled and annealed TA48 (Ti-5Al4Mo-(2-2.5) Sn-(6-7) Si-2Fe max: 0.015H, 0.5O, 0.05N) using PCBN, Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) & Coated WC at a surface sped of 75m/min, feed rate 0.25 mm/rev, depth of cut 1.0 mm without cutting fluid. They investigated tool/workpiece interaction, wear rate,

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International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Research Insight: Compensation and Calibration Methods for Mechanical Backlash in CNC Machines S. Sharmila University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India

BACKGROUND One of the main reasons CNC machine loses its accuracy, is due to backlash. Backlash is the mechanical loss of motion that can result from a mechanical or electrical problem. Basically backlash is the amount the screw has to rotate when reversing directions before the table or turret start to move. Exploiting backlash free mechanisms and gearboxes, the stiffness of servo axes in CNC machines can be improved. In fact, the rigidity of these axes will be increased, so that different types of feedforward control can be implemented. Furthermore, backlash free mechanisms facilitate designing foolproof systems without challenging with the instability and nonlinear behavior of backlash. However, any mechanical failure and looseness causes backlash which in turn may lead to severe vibrations. INTRODUCTION Backlash detection and exploiting efficient preventive maintenance (PM) to prevent interrupt in the production line is of interest, but, in most cases, due to physical limitations production and design techniques cannot solely improve the machine tool accuracy. So, identification, characterization and compensation of these error sources are necessary to improve machine tool accuracy cost-effectively. EungSuk Lee et al. used the interferometer in

measuring 19 of the 21 components on a three-axis CNC milling machine with the exception of angular roll. Ni et al. developed an optical system consisting of a laser interferometer, beam splitters, flat mirrors and dualaxis lateral effect photo detectors to facilitate simultaneous on-line measurement of five errors on each axis, which are linear and vertical straightness, roll, and pitch and yaw errors. Shin, Ertekin et al. also presented the results of accuracy characterization of a CNC Machining Center using laser interferometer. Other techniques such as disc checks and double ball bar (DBB) measurements are also used in the position error measurement. Knapp et al. listed a few tests for assessing the quality of machine tools on a periodic basis. The diagonal displacement test was one of the means adopted to estimate the volumetric accuracy of the machine tool through evaluation of the positioning accuracy and repeatability along the body diagonals. The circular test can also be used in assessing the accuracy of the machine tools and the identification of backlash error, a software strategy that is able to compensate the backlash error. Backlash error can be obtained through some kinds of methods, it is either time-costly (laser

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International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Research Insight: Highlights on CAM Applications in Production D. Siddharth Sharda University, Greater Noida, India

INTRODUCTION Most machines need control systems to operate. There are many kinds of control systems available for example, manual control, automatic control, computer control and remote control. For the convenience of mass production, machines need to repeat precise, speedy and automatic actions continuously. These machines may use mechanical, pneumatic and electrical systems to control. However, some fixed procedures, changing procedures or tools may need a lot of time to restore the whole system. Tests and productions can start immediately. This simplifies the procedures from the designing to manufacturing of the product. BASIC TERMINOLOGIES Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) CAM is a computer application, based on software tools that assist engineers and machinists in manufacturing or prototyping product components and tooling, in purpose to create a faster production process and tooling with more precise dimensions and material consistency. Computer aided machining can programming the tools in a way that create possibility to manufacture physical models to be able to use computer aided design (CAD) programs with computer aided manufacturing (CAM), creates real life versions of components designed within a software

package. Elanchezhian et al. (2007) expressed a more simplified definition of CAM to be the use of computer system in non-design activities but in manufacturing process. CAM is closely related to the computer-aided design (CAD) because the output information about the products from the CAD can assist the composing of production program. Numerical Control (NC) As technology advances, electronic and computer technologies have been applied to a lot of production machines to reduce the production time and increase both the quality and efficiency. So, modern factories usually use numerical control machines, simply called NC machines. Moreover, CAM has been considered as a numerical control (NC) programming tool wherein three-dimensional (3D) models of component generated in CAD software which can use to generate G- code to drive numerically controlled machine CNC. Computer Numerical Control (CNC) An NC machine that comes along with a computer is called a computer control numerical machine, simply CNC machine. It uses digital information to control the movements of tools and parts, for example, the spinning speed, the cutting speed, the moving direction of tools etc. So, we can change quickly the production procedures simply by

Page 21

« « « «

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Civil Engineering

« International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Nursing « « « « «

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Jan – Jun 2016

1 more...

Architecture

« « « « «

IJCAM

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

Computer Aided Manufacturing

¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

International Journal of

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences