International Journal of Mechanics and Design vol 2 issue 1 by JournalsPub

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, 6 Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India 1 t E-mail: info@journalspub.com 0 i e l 2 m ic b rt u S A Mechanical Engineering Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and International Journal of Thermal Energy and u Mechanical Behaviour Applications International Journal of Machine Design and International Journal of Production Engineering Yo «

« « « «

¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

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Signals

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Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development « International Journal of Town Planning and Management 2 more...

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International Journal of Wireless Network Security International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices International Journal of Software Computing and Testing International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms 5 more...

Jan - Jun 2016

Electrical Engineering International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits International Journal of Automatic Control System International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering « International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and 4 more... Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering

International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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International Journal of Energetic Materials International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering 4 more...

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International Journal of Photochemistry International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry International Journal of Green Chemistry International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering 3 more...

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

IJMD

Mechanics & Design

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Nursing « « « « «

International Journal of Water Resources Engineering International Journal of Concrete Technology International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning 2 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

International Journal of

Biomaterials International Journal of Plant Biotechnology International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and 3 more... Applications

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

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International Journal of Mechanics and Design International Journals Publisher

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International Journal of Mechanics and Design

International Journal of Mechanics and Design provides a forum for scholarly work dealing with the mechanics. The purpose of the journal is to promote the recent advances that can create lasting impact on the ongoing research. Time to time journal will publish peer- reviewed papers that are research and development oriented and is of interest to the readers. Journal ensures that only good quality of papers are published depending upon the originality and relevance of the paper.

Focus and Scope of the Journal !

Quantum mechanics

! Continuum mechanics ! Biomechanics, ! Nano-mechanics ! Analysis and conception of machine and structural components ! Experimental Stress Analysis ! Kinematics and Dynamics of linkage and Mechanisms ! Adaptive algorithms in FEM ! Structural Analysis with FEM ! Meshless Methods ! General Finite Difference Method ! Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation with Computational Inverse Methods

International Journal of Mechanics and Design is published twice a year (bi-annual) by JournalsPub an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd., India. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permission to the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Gang Chen School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin, P. R. China

Dr. Basel Alsayyed Department of Mechanical Engineering, UAE University, United Arab Emirates

Dr. R S Jadoun G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India

Dr. Muthuramalingam Thangaraj SRM University, Chennai, India

Dr P. M. M. Subrahmanya Sarma VIZAG Institute of Technology, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam, Visakhapatnam, India

Dr. V Sugumaran School of Mechanical Engineering and Building Sciences, VIT University, India

Dr. Sam Paul Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India

Bo-Wun Huang China

Dr. Sarang Pande Marwadi Education Foundation, Rajkot (Gujrat), India

Dr. Ajith Ramesh Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Nagar, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India

Dr. Sumit Bhowmik Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Mechanics and Design. This journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Mechanics and Design issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Mechanics and Design as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Mechanics and Design in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Mechanics and Design in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Mechanics and Design focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Quantum mechanics, Continuum mechanics, Biomechanics, Nano-mechanics etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Mechanics and Design and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Mechanical Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Mechanics and Design. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Mechanics and Design. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Design and Analysis of Ergonomic Transport Friendly Collapsible Executive Office Chair P. Velmurugan, K. Vijay Anand

2. Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Process Parameters for Thrust Force, Power Consumption and Energy Consumption During Drilling of Mild Steel on Lathe Machine Y.S. Chouhan, M.A. Saloda, S. Jindal, C. Agarwal

3. Review on Developments in Energy Harvesting Techniques Priyanka Garg

4. Highlights on the Design and Components of Smart Structures D. Siddharth

5. A Short note on Reliability and Risk Analysis of Offshore Structures Nibha Singh

International Journal of Mechanics and Design Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Design and Analysis of Ergonomic Transport Friendly Collapsible Executive Office Chair P. Velmurugan, K. Vijay Anand M.E. Industrial Engineering Scholar, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract Now a dayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office chairs are frequently used in all IT companies and industries. They are more in demand products of office furniture but are specifically designed for use in indoor workstation (or work area). It is difficult to transport from one place to another, as it is not collapsible and occupies large space in the working area as well as on the trucks. Therefore, to avoid this difficulty, design of the chair is modified based on its height and then examined for its reliability for outdoor purposes. This project is carried out to study the transportation problems by way of adding some mechanisms, and also considering all the ergonomics features related to overall comfort that would include chair height, chair depth, chair width, seat angle, and back rest support, etc. Hence, the new design of the executive office chair is useful for different purposes such as outdoor meeting, conference, seminars and training programs while to make it more users friendly as well as efficient for carrying large number of chairs for a single trip. Keywords: adding mechanism, collapsible, ergonomics chair, outdoor purpose, transport friendly, transport problem

INTRODUCTION In day to day activities, chairs are closely connected to everyone comparing to any other furniture. It serves comfort in sitting for a while or long working hours especially at office. The chairs used in office are ergonomically designed considering varying work postures. The anthropometric study suggests the designer to choose appropriate dimensions of the chair that make the users feel more comfortable for their workspace. An effectively designed executive office chair is more comfortable for users during their sitting posture and to long working time periods. [1]

be selected to suit all kinds of people using it. Chairs are now designed based on different purposes, like dentist chair, computer operator chair etc., and due to wide range of variation in anatomy of people, such as that of male and female users, it is necessary to design the chair that can be adjusted and made suitable for a wide range of people. [2]

These ergonomically designed office chairs considered to human body shape, size, and weight. A well-fitted chair must

Seat width and depth: They are important factors to be considered in a chair design. When used by different kinds of people,

The following major factors are considered in office chair, as shown in Figure1: Seat height: It can be adjustable in the direction of up and down motion with the help of gas lift cylinder.

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International Journal of Mechanics and Design Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Process Parameters for Thrust Force, Power Consumption and Energy Consumption During Drilling of Mild Steel on Lathe Machine Y.S. Chouhan*, M.A. Saloda, S. Jindal, C. Agarwal Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur, India

Abstract Drilling is one of the major operations to be carried out in almost every manufacturing industry. During this operation drilling tool drills the metal continuously which increases thrust force. Due to this force, power consumed during drilling operation. So in this research work an attempt to experimentally investigate and then optimization of the effect of different drill parameter like feed and spindle speed on the thrust force, power consumption and energy consumption during drilling operation are studied. The main purpose of this experimental work is saving energy and production cost during drilling operation on mild steel workpiece on lathe machine. Research work basically involved the use of drilling operation on conventional lathe as it is most widely adopted method for machining and also plays a crucial role in affecting energy consumption and overall cost of the production. Power consumption has been measured with the help of a pair of wattmeter in 3 phase motor of lathe machine and then by this power and time during drilling, energy consumption has been found. Once the experimental work had been performed, Taguchi’s method used to evaluate the best possible combination of input parameters for minimizing thrust force, power consumption and energy consumption. ANOVA method has been also used for getting contribution of each parameter on thrust force, power consumption and energy consumption. Keywords: power consumption, thrust force, Taguchi’s method, ANOVA, energy consumption, spindle speed, feed

INTRODUCTION Geometrically, drilling is one of the most complex machining processes, mainly due to the complex geometry of the drills. The difficulty of producing drills with consistent geometries has traditionally limited accuracy, although drill consistency and repeatability has greatly increased recently with the advent of CNC drill grinders. The same complexity of the tool geometry has inhibited the introduction of new tool materials, so that the productivity gains in drilling have lagged those made in turning and milling over the past 30 years. Drilling is applied

to a large variety of materials in different industries, but has been mostly studied for metals cutting. In recent years, nonmetallic materials (plastics, ceramics and composite materials) are steadily replacing metallic parts in various industries. As the processes governing the cutting process in these novel materials are not yet fully understood and modeled, drilling is often employed as used for metallic structures, leading to a high degree of failures and low efficiencies. Drilling performance depends on the materials involved, the drill geometry, the

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International Journal of Mechanics and Design Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Review on Developments in Energy Harvesting Techniques Priyanka Garg University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Energy harvesting has been one of the important step towards solving environmental issues and many organizations have been working religiously to find optimized way to harvest energy. Mostly natural forms of sources such as sun, water and wind are the premium choices for the researchers to obtain a long lasting effect on entire pollution free environmental sustainability as well as on decreasing availability of resources. In this paper, a brief review is made on the efforts carried out by various researchers in developing much reliable optimized, promising as well as eco-friendly designs of energy harvesting techniques. INTRODUCTION The aim of engineers in these areas is to find suitable sources of power for wireless devices to maintain the widest possible autonomy without the need to change or recharge the batteries. In every technical system there is a large amount of waste energy that surrounds our potential autonomous application and our aim is to harvest this ambient energy for independent power supply â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the source created in this way is defined as an energy harvesting system. However it is necessary to take into consideration that the density of ambient energy is very low and the devices defined in this way have the output power of up to several tens of milliwatts. Nowadays, however, it is sufficient for the whole range of modern wireless communications, security and monitoring elements. When developing an application based on energy harvesting, it is important not only to correctly analyze and utilize the ambient energy, but also to optimize a connected wireless application. It is suitable to view the entire component as a mechatronic system and to design its development as a whole.

Energy Harvesting Energy harvesting technology is defined as obtaining of electric energy from the surroundings at the point of power supply of autonomous application, without consuming any additional fuel or materials. This technology is, in rapidly evolving modern world, one of the most desirable technologies, mainly due to the development of wireless technologies, which offer a substantial reduction of energy consumption. Sources of Energy Harvesting The classification of energy harvesting can be organized on the basis of the form of energy they use to scavenge the power. For example piezoelectric harvesting devices scavenge mechanical energy and convert it into usable electrical energy. The various sources for energy harvesting are wind turbines, photovoltaic cells, thermoelectric generators and mechanical vibration devices such as piezoelectric devices, electromagnetic devices. LITERATURE REVIEW ON VARIOUS TECHNIQUES USED FOR ENERGY HARVESTING Geoff Angel in his research work introduces a new type of machine that is intended to transform sustainable solar

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International Journal of Mechanics and Design Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Highlights on the Design and Components of Smart Structures D. Siddharth Sharda University, Greater Noida, India

INTRODUCTION The subject of smart structures and induced-strain actuators has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Smart structures offer the opportunity to create engineered material systems that are empowered with sensing, actuation, and artificial intelligence features. One very significant advantage offered by composites is that their properties can be tailor‐made; layer‐by‐layer, to meet specific functional requirements. Further, each layer can be itself engineered by altering selection of fiber materials, having a mix of fibers, changing their orientation, using matrix material with appropriate properties, and controlling fiber volume fraction. Smart materials are a part of a group of materials broadly known as Functional Materials. The basic energy forms that get interchanged are - Thermal energy, electric energy, magnetic energy, sound energy & mechanical energy & mechanical energy. Smart Materials are analogous to Biological Materials because of its properties such as-adaptivity, cellular function, self-sensing, actuation & control. Smart sensors & actuators are highly embeddable. Analytical models developed thus far help us calculate fairly accurately mechanical properties of each lamina. These models allow variability of properties of fibers and matrices, volume fractions, and fiber orientation. The next step in this journey is to develop a theoretical construct which

will help us predict the mechanical response of a laminate, i.e. a collection of laminae, stacked up and bonded together. Each lamina in this stack‐up may have different properties. The 1st step for predicting the response of a laminate involves developing stress‐strain relations for a composite plate. SMART STRUCTURES The concept of a smart structure can be described as a system which has intrinsic sensor, actuator and control mechanisms whereby it is capable of sensing a stimulus, responding to it, and reverting to its original state after the stimulus is removed. Their basic characteristics of efficiency, functionality, precision, selfrepair, and durability continue to fascinate scientists and engineers alike. Smart structures have evolved by biomimesis; they aim at creating man-made structures with embedded sensing, actuation, and control capabilities. Stupid - Dumb–Foolish– Trivial – Sensible–Smart/Clever – Intelligent – Wise • Present smart materials are in the range from highly sensible to poorly intelligent level • Passive smartness to Active Smartness; eg. of passive smartness - multiphase rocket nozzle of Space Shuttle • Porous Tungsten with silver coating, Graphite, Ceramic layer, Steel • Passive smartness is in open-loop

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International Journal of Mechanics and Design Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A Short Note on Reliability and Risk Analysis of Offshore Structures Nibha Singh C. C. S. University, Meerut, India

INTRODUCTION Design of structures is carried out to satisfy the condition that the structures. The need for risk assessment and reliability criteria is becoming the major requirement for offshore structures, where probabilistic analyses are achieving progressively greater importance. The aforementioned issues deal with probabilistic structural design field, where both loads (dependent on wave and wind forces) and geometrical parameters and materials resistances are described in terms of stochastic quantities. To cope with this type of problems it is necessary to make use of specific regulations which describe the random nature of the problem. These standards (based on the LRFD approach described below) have been developed according to a probabilistic logic and provide a valuable tool for the verification of the structural components, ensuring predetermined reliability levels. Reliability analysis is performed for braces using FORM technique. Sensitivity analysis is performed to gain knowledge on the influence of random variables on the limit state function. The results of sensitivity analysis are ranked using bar chart to determine key variables of the limit state function. The result of reliability analysis for the considered failure modes is extended to establish a framework for system reliability.

Typical offshore platform components include “steel jackets” (those parts of the structure immersed in water) and “topside components” (those parts above water). Within this assembly, the most critical elements are the welded tubular connections. The main objective of the research project lies in the development of routines to assess structural reliability based on unambiguous and scientificallyrecognized criteria, with a view to the accurate quantification of operational life and the planning of appropriate inspection protocols. Offshore construction is the installation of structures and facilities in a marine environment, usually for the production and transmission of electricity, oil, gas and other resources. Construction and precommissioning is typically performed as much as possible onshore. To optimize the costs and risks of installing large offshore platforms, different construction strategies have been developed. Performance Characteristics A structural design and assessment comprises a recipe consisting of many ‘ingredients’. With increasingly specialist deep discipline knowledge there can be a tendency to focus one element in isolation without regard to the complete system. In standards, whether global standards or corporate standards, there are risks in changing the recipe in one clause without regard to the full suite of system requirements.

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

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« « « «

¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

« « « «

Jan - Jun 2016

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

IJMD

Mechanics & Design

« « « «

Nursing « « « « «

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

International Journal of

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences