International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules vol 2 issue 2 by JournalsPub

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20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

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International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

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Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

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Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

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International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

International Journal of

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Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

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International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules the main aim of this journal is to create awareness in the scientific community and to provide a platform for discussion in the field of biochemistry and biomolecules. Precisely, journal deals with recent advancement in protein folding, purification, bioseparation and other related fields of biochemistry.

Focus and Scope of the Journal 

Metabolome

 Metabolomics  Molecular medicine  Plant biochemistry  Proteolysis  Biological macro and small molecule  Biochemical processes  Molecular-scale  Fermentation, biochemical and bioreactor engineering  Proteomics, functional genomics, metabolomics  Chiral compounds production  Bio separation, purification, protein refolding

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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr.Ashok Kumar Kulkarni Department of Physiology, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Medchal. Secunderabad (A. P), India

Dr. Promila Sharma Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Uttarakhand, India

Dr. Brijesh Pandey Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India

Dr. P Mary Anupama Department of Biotechnology, ANITS, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam (A.P.), India

Dr. S. Seethalaksmi Vivekanandha College of Arts & Sciences for women, Periyar University, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengod

Dr. Biswajit Majumdar Calcutta University, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research [IPGMER] /University College of Medicine [UCM]

Dr. Agnishwar Girigoswami Medical Bio-nanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chettinad Academy of Research & Education Kelambakkam, Chennai, India

Dr.Arun Kumar Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Nepal

Dr. Durgadas Govind Naik, Management and Science University, Malaysia

Ashish Runthala Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani (Rajasthan), India

Dr. Indraneel Ghosh Manager Systems Biology Department Sun Pharmaceuticals Advanced Research Centre Limited, Vadodara (Gujarat), India

Dr. Yousef Rasmi Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Urmia University of Medical Sciences (UMSU) Urmia, Iran

Ajay Kumar Galgotias University, Greater Noida (U.P.), India

Dr. Arvind Diwan Mahatma Gandhi Mission Institute of Health Sciences, Maharashtra, India

Dr. Ir. Sreenivas Reddy Bathula Department of Biotechnology, Bapuji Institute of Engineering & Technology, Karnataka, India

Dr. Dinesh Kumar Horticulture (Post harvest Technology) National Research Centre for Citrus, Nagpur (Maharahtra), India

Dr. Ir. Sreenivas Reddy Bathula Department of Biotechnology, Bapuji Institute of Engineering & Technology, Karnataka, India

Dr. Lonchin Suguna Department of Biochemistry Central Leather Research Institute Adyar, Chennai, India

Dr. S Chidananda Sharma Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Karnataka, India

Prof. Dheera Sanadhya Jaipur National University, Rajasthan, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Rajat Banerjee Department of Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, India

Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, India

Jay Prakash Sah Pokhara University, Nepal

Dr. K.S. Karthikeyan Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India

Dr. Saher Mahmood Aljamali Biology Department, Kufa University, Iraq

Dr. M. Anusuyadevi Jayachandran Molecular Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Devarakonda Srinivasa Rao Department of Biotechnology Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur (DT), India

Dr. Shashi Bhushan Food and Nutraceutical Lab, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, India

Dr. Shikha Suman Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh), India

Dr. Vishwanath B Chachadi Deptartment of Biochemsitry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India

Dr. Tashfeen Ashraf Assistant Professor, Gautam Buddha University, UP, India

Dr. Vishwas Tripathy Assistant Professor, Gautam Buddha University, UP, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules. This journal is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Biochemistry and Biomolecules issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Biochemistry and Biomolecules as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Biochemistry and Biomolecules, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Biochemistry and Biomolecules in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journals of Biochemistry and Biomolecules focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Metabolome, Metabolomics, Molecular medicine, Plant biochemistry, Proteolysis, Biological macro and small molecule, Biochemical processes etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Biochemistry and Biomolecules and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Biochemistry and Biomolecules. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Biochemistry and Biomolecules. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Biochemistry and Biomolecules readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Biochemistry and Biomolecules. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Antimicrobial and Antioxidants Screening Through Phytochemical Evaluation and Nutrient Analysis of Different Medicinal Trees Swati Bhardwaj

2. Investigation of Systemic Acquired Resistance Establishment in Tomato Plants by Application of Marigold Extract Kumari Anukrati

3. A Report: New COMPASS Platform Points Directly to Protein's Likely Structure Surjit Sharma

4. Understanding Structure of HIV-1 Protease Vital to Development of Next-Generation HIV Drugs Anuradha Chaudhary

5. Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Different Leaf Extracts of Murraya koenigii Rashmi, Jyoti Bisht, Naveen G

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Antimicrobial and Antioxidants Screening Through Phytochemical Evaluation and Nutrient Analysis of Different Medicinal Trees Swati Bhardwaj*

Codon Biotech Private Limited, Noida, U.P., India

ABSTRACT The aim of present study is to detailed comparison of various extracts of aerial parts of Neem, Jamun and Mast Tree as potent anti-oxidative and antimicrobial agent and their protein sequences in an attempt to provide a direction for further research. The purpose of extraction was to check the antioxidant activities of leaves and stem barks of testing plant by using different in vitro antioxidant assays. Well diffusion method is used for antibacterial activity determination against 4 different strains of bacteria. Protein profiling in the highthroughput mode is a most helpful procedure that permits development of reference databases for cells and tissues and execution of relative proteomics. In this paper we report the consequences of such studies keeping in mind the end goal to arrange future examinations towards the finding of new, strong and safe cancer prevention agent and antimicrobial mixes and framing the reason for cutting edge proteomic investigations. Keywords: antioxidant, antibacterial, proteomics

INTRODUCTION Various researches have been conducted in the field of aromatic and medicinal plants. It is concluded that these plants are the sources of different nutrient and nonnutrient chemicals, many of which shows antioxidant and antimicrobial quality. These properties can protect the human body against both cellular oxidation reactions and pathogens. Therefore, it is important to distinguish different types of medicinal plants for their antioxidant and antimicrobial prospective.[1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;3] Plant medicines are the oldest medication known to people. In the present scenario, the requirements for plant products are growing expending all over the world. There are various publications in many

journals, national and international; we find an increasing number of research publications based on herbal drugs.[4] For thousands of years the useful qualities of plants have been identified in the Indian tradition. Every part of these trees has some medicinal property. They have been broadly used in ayurveda, unani and homoeopathic medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of Plant Materials Aerial parts viz. leaves and bark of Azadirachta indica, Polyalthia longifolia, Syzygium cumini Linn were collected locally; air dried separately in shade and then was coarsely powdered by using grinder (Table 1).

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International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Investigation of Systemic Acquired Resistance Establishment in Tomato Plants by Application of Marigold Extract Kumari Anukrati*

Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India

ABSTRACT In this study an effort was made to understand the impact of marigold leaf extract on the expression and activity of defense enzymes; Peroxidase (POX) and Catalase and their ability to induce defense response in tomato plants. Effect of aqueous leaf extract of T. erecta was observed on activity of PR proteins POX and Catalase on seven week old tomato plants. Aqueous leaf extract of T. erecta was sprayed on the third nodal leaves from the base of each plant 7 week old tomato plants and activity of PR proteins POX and Catalase was studied. The extract was sprayed to 3rd nodal leaves of the host plants and the enzyme activities of the above stated proteins were assayed in the untreated leaves of the same plants. The results gave an outlook of induced changes in host plant due to introduction of a foreign component to the plant. The host plant tends to reduce its PR protein activity initially, but gradually it attains its normal expression, thereby, proving that marigold leaf extract do not impart any deleterious effect on the host plant. Keywords: catalase, enzyme, peroxidase

INTRODUCTION Tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum) is the world’s largest vegetable crop. Tomato is a herb, usually a sprawling plant belonging to the Solanaceae family, widely cultivated for its edible fruit. The fruit is considered a vegetable and has a distinctive red color when ripe. It is a native of South America with a center of diversity in Peru. Thousands of cultivars have been selected and bred which vary in shape, size, and color. Why tomato was chosen as a host: Tomato was decided for the work in light of its financial significance for all tropical and sub-tropical locales of the world. It is agreeable to creating pharmaceuticals, especially for oral conveyance; for a considerable lot of similar reasons, it is a

famous vegetable. Its natural product does not contain poisonous substances and is tasteful uncooked. High temperature stress is known to lessen natural product set in tomato. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism of induced defense that provides long-lasting protection to plants against pathogen. The systemic acquired resistance follows a prior localized exposure to a pathogen or a biotic elicitor. SAR is similar to the innate immune system that is found in animals, and thus conferring immunization to plants. In order to respond to pathogen, plants use pattern-recognition receptors to identify the microorganism, this recognition thus triggers an immune response. The first plant receptors of conserved microbial signatures were identified in

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International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules

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A Report: New COMPASS Platform Points Directly to Protein's Likely Structure Surjit Sharma

Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur, India

Searching for the precise, complexly folded three-dimensional structure of a protein can resemble hacking through a wilderness without a guide: a long, intensive process with uncertain direction. University of Illinois scientists developed another approach, named COMPASS that focuses specifically to a protein's likely structure utilizing a combination of advanced molecular spectroscopy techniques, prescient protein- folding algorithms and image recognition software. Chad Rienstra, a Chemistry Professor and their team showed this process. They have taken a process that would take months and brought it down to hours, said Joseph Courtney, an Illinois graduate student. They expect this to not only accelerate the rate at which they can study proteins, but also increase its repeatability and the reliability. Proteins carry out functions inside the cell, and those functions are determined by the proteins' exact structures - the way they overlap and turn into a many-sided threedimensional shape. Many diseases are caused about by a protein that is not acting effectively, or there is a lot of it. On the off chance that you can comprehend what the proteins appear as though, you can examine how they work, and you can configuration medications and medicines for those infections," Courtney said. "A noteworthy advantage is that on the off chance that you can design a drug to perfectly fit a

single protein that eliminates reactions, because it won't interact with other molecules." One key strategy for deciding a protein's share is a technique called X-ray crystallography. In any case, many medically interesting proteins - for instance, the fibrils that describe Parkinson's disease - do not form crystals, so researchers have swung to more progressed spectroscopic systems. Those systems oblige months to years of intensive data collection and analysis, taking various readings and measurements of the protein's spectrum. The Illinois group saw a chance to take advantage in structure prediction algorithms,, computational models that generate various conceivable ways a protein could fold base on its sequence. "The real deficiency of those displaying methodologies is that they never know whether they're correct," Rienstra said. "It's awesome to have models, yet despite everything it leaves a great many potential outcomes. We require some sort of test information to figure out which is the correct one."

For COMPASS, the researchers depend upon a single spectrum measurement utilizing a technique called nuclear magnetic resonance, which gives a molecular “fingerprint” no two protein structures have a same spectrum [1]. The COMPASS platform takes a gander at the conceivable structures produced by the

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International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules

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Understanding Structure of HIV-1 Protease Vital to Development of Next-Generation HIV Drugs Anuradha Chaudhary

Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, has turned out to be one of the world's most serious health and advancement challenges. At present, there are roughly 36.9 million individuals living with HIV and a huge number of individuals have died of AIDS-related causes since the beginning of the epidemic in 1981. HIV not affects the health of individuals, it impacts households, and the communities and development and economic growth of nations there is still no cure (https://www.ornl.gov/). HIV treatment incorporates pharmaceuticals to prevent and treat the numerous opportunistic infections that can happen when the immune system is

compromised by HIV, and in addition the utilization of antiretroviral treatment (ART) to attack the virus itself, with the halting the development of AIDS. ART, initially presented in 1996, has prompted to dramatic reductions in morbidity and mortality; all around, 40% of individuals living with HIV are accepting treatment. HIV-1 protease is an enzyme in charge of development of virus particles into infectious HIV virions, which eventually prompts to the development of AIDS. Without effective HIV-1 protease activity, HIV virions remain non-infectious with this essential part in HIV replication, the disruption of HIV-1 protease action is along these lines a key focus for effective ART drugs (https://www.ornl.gov/).

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International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules

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Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Different Leaf Extracts of Murraya koenigii Rashmi, Jyoti Bisht*, Naveen G

Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Ram Rai Post Graduate College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

ABSTRACT Murraya koenigii also known as a curry-leaf tree is use as a medicinal plant in India. In the present study, different phytochemicals were extracted and tested against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeuriginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method. Alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannins, terepnoids were present in all extracted samples, however cardiac glycosides and phylobatannins were extracted only in methanolic and ethanolic extracts of plant leaves sample. In all solvent extract from leaves of M. koenigii and minimum activity was recorded at 25 ppm of plant extract concentration. Maximum antibiotic activity was recorded with aqueous extract of leaves against S. aureus. In case of P. aeruginosa, all extracts were failed to show antibacterial activity. Keywords: antibacterial leaves extract, M. koenigii, phytochemicals

INTRODUCTION Various medicinal systems like Ayurveda, Amchi, etc. and local health traditions are practiced in India, which utilize a large number of plants for treatment of various human and animal diseases. Those plants used for medicinal purpose are known as medicinal plants. The medicinal value of plant depends on numerous active compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, oils, terpenoids, phenolic compounds etc., which are helpful in improving the life and treatment of disease. Many plants have antimicrobial principles such as tannins, essential oils and other aromatic compounds. These compounds protect the plant from microbial infection and Deterioration [1]. The presence of important phytochemicals makes the plant useful against different diseases and has a strong of providing useful drugs of human use. Phytochemicals are regarded as secondary metabolites produced at very little amount

as the plant have little need for them. They are produced naturally in whole parts of the plant body; like bark, leaves, stem, root, flower, etc. [2]. The quantity and quality of phytochemicals present in plant parts may differ from one part to another [3]. One of the medicinally important herbs is M. Koenigii, has a placed in a family Rutaceae and normally known as curryleaf tree. The plant is a local of India, Sri Lanka and other south Asian nations. It is discovered wherever in the Indian subcontinent [4]. The plant is exceptionally esteemed for its leaves a vital fixing in an Indian cooking to advance edacity and processing. The leaves, root and bark are tonic, for stomach pain. Leaves are utilized inside as a part of loose bowels, likewise checking regurgitating [5]. The leaves and roots are biting, harsh, cooling, hostile to

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20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

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Nursing « « « « «

Material Sciences and Engineering

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5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

International Journal of

Biochemistry & Biomolecules Jul–Dec 2016

IJBB

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences