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International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication

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International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of Broadband Cellular Communication and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are related to Broadband Cellular Communication. All articles presented here are peerreviewed and are of good quality.

Focus and Scope of the Journal  Base Station Management  Wide-band CDMA (W-CDMA)  Direct sequence-CDMA (DS-CDMA)  Multi-code CDMA (MC-CDMA)  Channel capacity  Multi-user MIMO systems  Multi-hop networks  Multiple-input and multiple-output relay channel  MIMO antenna design  MIMO prototyping  Call establishment procedures  Call clearing procedures  Call information phase procedures

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Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Somnath Banerjee ITI, Bangalore, India

Dr. Vijay Kumar Salviya Engineering Institute & Project Technical Advisor, International R& D Group, India

Dr. Sudhansu Sekhar Singh School Of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India

Kota Chandra Bhushana Rao, UCEV-JNTUK, VIZIANAGARAM, India

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Dr. P. Dananjayan PG Programme (CBCS), India.

Ghassan Akram Abed Communication Department, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

Dr. Sanjay Pachauri Tula's Institute, Dehradun, India

Himanshu Monga Shiva Group of Institutions, Bilaspur, India

Ritesh C Sadiwala RKDF University, Bhopal, India

Kamal Kumar Ranga Computer Science & Engg. Department, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, India

Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Egypt

Sachin Kumar Gupta School of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakryal, Katra, Jammu Kashmir, India

V. Koushick Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mookambigai College of Engineering, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Saurabh Rai Dhirendra Prasad Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, DKTE Society's Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication. This journal is part of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Broadband Cellular Communication issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Base Station Management, Wide-band CDMA (W-CDMA), Direct sequence-CDMA (DSCDMA), Multi-code CDMA (MC-CDMA), Channel capacity, Multi-user MIMO systems etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering.. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. A Survey â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Congestion Evasion in MANETs Himanshu Monga

2. Acoustic Echo Cancellation Using LMS Algorithm Saurabh R. Prasad, Shrinivas A. Patil, Bhalchandra B. Godbole

3. An Android Constructed Home Automation for Energy Efficient Santosh Agrahari, Pragati Satsangi, Priya Singh, Rakhi Sharma, Rishabh Kashyap

4. Congestion Control by Transmission Power in Ad-Hoc Network Using Fuzzy Logic Soni Kumari, Sarita Singh Bhadauria, Laxmi Shrivastava

5. PAPR Reduction Methods for Multicarrier Modulation Schemes Used in Next Generation Wireless Networks â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Review Himanshu Monga, Pooja Mehta, Silky

International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication

eISSN: 2455-8532 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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A Survey – Congestion Evasion in MANETs Himanshu Monga*

Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Vidyapeeth, Barnala Road, Sirsa, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT The paper addresses the RED active queue management technique used in most of the networks for managing the queue efficiently. Secondly it proposed a Gaussian (G-RED) and modified Gaussian function based RED (MG-RED) algorithm. It is presented that the Gaussian and modified Gaussian function based RED algorithm outperforms the traditional RED algorithm in terms of throughput, packet delivery fraction and number of packets dropped. Keywords: GF-RED, MGF-RED

INTRODUCTION A Mobile Ad Hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes which are connected via wireless links. The nodes in this kind of networks are mobile in the sense that they can move from one location to another location. Any mobile node need to transfer the data has to send it directly if the receiver node is in transmission range or with the help of some other mobile node if the receiver is not in range. The nodes in this type of network acts as a router for transferring the packets from source to destination. The topology of this type of network is highly dynamic due to mobility of nodes. MANETs are becoming very popular in these days due to its usage of anywhere and at anytime [1]. In MANETs, it’s very important to manage the queue space required to store the packets that cannot be transferred to receiver instantly. Various queue management techniques are used to manage the buffer space. Drop tail technique is one of the techniques used for managing the queue in which packets are allowed to enter into the queue until the queue is not full and after the queue is full the drop tail start drops the packet at tail

until queue becomes stable. Drop tail technique is inactive queue management practice which does not use any predefined information of congestion occurring in the network [1, 2]. Another technique that can be used for managing the queue in network is active queue management method. Random early detection is one of the techniques used for managing the queue actively. In RED algorithm packets start arriving in the queue until the queue does not reaches the minimum threshold. If the queue length reaches minimum threshold but does not reaches the maximum threshold, the algorithm begin dropping the packets by means of linear task of queue size. If the queue size reaches the maximum threshold, each arrived packet is dropped until queue size becomes under controlled. The advantage of using RED algorithm over drop tail technique is that the sender will be notified if congestion occurs. No doubt the RED algorithm provides a very good solution for reducing the packet drop by notifying the sender for congestion. But RED uses linear function for falling the

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International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication

eISSN: 2455-8532 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Acoustic Echo Cancellation Using LMS Algorithm 1

Saurabh R. Prasad1*, Shrinivas A. Patil1, Bhalchandra B. Godbole2

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, DKTE Society’s Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India 2 Department of Electronics Engineering, KBP College of Engineering, Satara, India

ABSTRACT Echo results due to reflection of sound waves from various surfaces like walls, mountain, curtains, etc. When the reflected sound arrives after more than 0.1s of the original sound, then it is heard distinctly, and called as echo. Echo may be some times desirable and pleasant but especially in telecommunication, echoes are erroneous. There are two types of echo that arise in telecommunication, viz. acoustic echo and line echo. Both these echoes can be minimized using echo cancellers. So, in this article, an echo canceller based on least mean square (LMS) algorithm has been discussed and implemented. The effect of convergence parameter (µ) on the filter behaviour is also studied. Keywords: acoustic and network echo, adaptive filter, echo cancellation, LMS algorithm, MATLAB

INTRODUCTION Echoes are delayed or distorted versions of a sound which have been reflected back to the source. In music processing, artificial echoes and reverberations are generated and extensively used. An instrument named Echoplex was designed by Mike Battle for artificial echo effect to enhance music and was used especially by Guitar players [1]. The echo is also used by some animals and this concept is called as Biosonar or echolocation. Some mammalian animals like Dolphins, Whales, and Bats are reported to use echo for navigation, distance calculation, and hunting purposes [2]. An enclosed chamber with inside microphone and loudspeaker, known as acoustic echo chamber are also used to generate the echo. The original sound is produced by loudspeaker which reverberates in the acoustic chamber and picked up by microphone. The acoustic echo can sometimes be erroneous to the listeners. Thus, echoes are not always

disadvantageous. However, there are certain applications such as a lecture in a conference hall or public address system, in which the presence of acoustic echo together with the noise occurs and degrades the speech quality. This may even become too bad to lead to complete loss of intelligibility. The echo and reverberation are two closely related terminologies. Both of these result due to reflection of sound from the reflecting objects and surfaces. The echo results when the time difference between original and reflected signal is more than 0.1s. Here the reflected signal can be distinctly heard. On the other hand reverberation is the prolongation of echo and results due to multiple reflections. Reverberation time is defined as the time required to decay the reflected signal to a value that is 10-6 times the original intensity and can be calculated by using

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International Journal of Broadband cellular communication

eISSN : 2455-8532 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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An Android Constructed Home Automation for Energy Efficient Santosh Agrahari, Pragati Satsangi*, Priya Singh, Rakhi Sharma, Rishabh Kashyap Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur

ABSTRACT The home automation system plays a very important role in maintaining living standard and provide secure and flexible environment. Previously we use to switch on/off our home appliances manually but now with the help of home automation the work become easier. We can control the processing of our home appliances outside the home without actually manually switching it by doing it using Android application on our phones. The main objective of this system is to implement a home automation system which operates electrical appliances in home through android application. The home automation system is implemented wirelessly using Bluetooth technology. The electrical appliances such as fan, light, switches, light sensors, all are integrated in a single system which then connected to the microcontroller which acts as a within the home to control and perform the user commands. It also helps the elderly people. The capability to control the electrical home appliances not only from one location but throughout the country. Keyword: android, bluetooth technology, energy efficient home automation

INTRODUCTION An embedded system is a computer that has been built to solve few very specific problems and is not easily changed [1]. Generally an embedded system is a combination of hardware and software [2]. An embedded system does not look like a computer sometimes there is no keyboard or monitor or mouse. But like a computer it has a processor, software, input and output [3]. The home automation is the introduction of technology within home to enhance the quality of life of its users, through the provision of different services such as telehealth, multimedia, entertainment and energy conservation [4].The benefits of home automation system are listed as safety, comfort, power saving and communications [5] . As the system provides these benefits some technical requirements must be also respected such as low cost, plug and play,

flexibility, easiness reliability [6].

use

and

BACKGROUND There has been a significant research and numerous approaches for the home automation systems [7]. In x10 industry standard, developed in 1975 for communication between various electronic devices, is identified as the oldest standard in home automation system by providing limited control over household devices through the homes power lines [8]. Recently the home automation becomes a very popular field of research by the introduction of different technologies such as remote control systems, network enabled devices and internet technologies [9]. In Bluetooth based home automation system, involves a primary controller and a set of Bluetooth sub controllers in which each controller is physically connected to an individual home device. Although the

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International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication

eISSN: 2455-8532 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Congestion Control by Transmission Power in Ad-Hoc Network Using Fuzzy Logic Soni Kumari, Sarita Singh Bhadauria, Laxmi Shrivastava

Department of Electronics and Communication, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India

ABSTRACT As a result of the growth in communication technologies, mobile ad hoc network boosting its capability in terms of ad hoc communication between the mobile nodes. The mobile ad hoc networks do not have any predefined infrastructure so the mobile nodes which want to communicate with each other immediately form the network topology and initiate the request for data packets to transmit or receive. But in mobile ad hoc networks one of very common phenomenon occurs is network congestion. Load balancing is a technique which is used to reduce such problem. Load balancing is a method in which the amount of works of a computer is divided between two or more computers to decrease the congestion. In this research paper it is shown that how transmitting power controls the congestion. For implementation, qualnet simulator 6.1 and fuzzy inference system are used to form the fuzzy rule base to analyze the results. From the simulation results it is proved that proposed system is more capable to reduce the network congestion. Keywords: fuzzy logic, matlab, load balancing, traffic control, qualnet 6.1

INTRODUCTION In these days, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are very important due to its flexibility because there is no need to have predefined infrastructure for communication like wired network. This feature makes MANET more effective for many applications like military operations, rescue operations, neighborhood area networks, education applications etc. Mobile nodes act as a host as well as routers and also support the multi hop routing between the nodes.

network resources is more than capacity of network which decrease quality of service like packet drop, end to end, throughput, jitter etc. Load balancing is a technique, which deviates traffic form heavily congested areas to less congested areas, which increase throughput and decrease end to end delay as well as jitter and at the same time it also decreases energy consumption which increases life time of network. This paper is presented a new fuzzy logic based approach which detects congestion and reduce it.

Mobile nodes send the data packets to each other in mobile ad hoc networks by the help of routing protocols. But day by day the no of users are increasing and network assets like bandwidth, buffer size etc. are limited which results congestion. Congestion takes place when demand of

In this research paper it is proved that transmission power controls congestion by using Fuzzy Logic Controller. Fuzzy Logic controller is a Fuzzy based control system that explores analog input values in term of logical values. Fuzzy Logic behaves like human brain that simplifies

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International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication

eISSN: 2455-8532 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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PAPR Reduction Methods for Multicarrier Modulation Schemes Used in Next Generation Wireless Networks – A Review Himanshu Monga*, Pooja Mehta, Silky

Jan Nayak Ch.Devi Lal Vidyapeeth,Barnala Road, Sirsa, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT Multicarrier modulation is need of today’s Wireless communication networks. Various multicarrier modulation schemes have been developed in the past few years orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), Filter bank multicarrier modulation (FBMC) and Universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) are some of them. These techniques provide numerous advantages like multiple user scheduling, robustness against multipath propagation, high quality of service etc. One of the major drawbacks of MCM is higher PAPR and a number of techniques such as PTS, SLM, TR, companding, clipping and filtering have been designed for reduction of PAPR. In this paper we have tried to combine the contribution made by various researchers for PAPR reduction in Multi Carrier Modulation. Keywords: FBMC, PAPR, PTS, SLM, TR

INTRODUCTION Broadband data consumption is increasing day by day and in last 5 years it has been increased exponentially. With this increased data consumption the need for higher data rate transmission and to serve all the users within available spectrum is also increased. To fulfill all these demands multicarrier modulation is being used in LTE and LTE/Advance systems. Most popular multicarrier modulation technique which is being used in these systems is OFDM but it suffers from higher PAPR and less spectral efficiency there by making it unsuitable for next generation wireless communication systems [1]. To overcome these drawbacks new multicarrier modulation techniques like UFMC [2, 3] and FBMC [4] were introduced. But all these techniques suffer from the problem of high PAPR. There are several techniques like SLM (Selective Mapping), Clipping and Filtering, Tone Reservation, PTS (Partial Transmit Signal), Companding are suggested for PAPR reduction. In this paper these techniques have been discussed along with

their performance characteristics like distortion rate, data rate, power rise, etc. The assembling of this Review paper is done as follows:-Section A gives us the introduction. Section B explains the concept of Multicarrier modulation techniques. Section C gives the classification of PAPR Reduction Techniques. Section D explains related work. Section E mentions conclusion and future scope. MULTICARRIER MODULATION TECHNIQUES The basic idea of multicarrier modulation is to divide the transmitted bit stream into many different sub streams and send these over many different sub channels [5]. Typically the sub channels are orthogonal under ideal propagation conditions. The data rate on each of the sub channels is much less than the total data rate, and the

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it le m tic b Su Ar Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization

Pollution 1 more...

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Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering

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Nursing

IJBCC

Jul–Dec 2016

Material Sciences and Engineering

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5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Broadband Cellular Communication

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

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International Journal of

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

5 more...

Signals

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eISSN: 2455-8532

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences