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International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology

International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology is a comprehensive journal that covers all the topics of Distributed operating system. All articles that are included in the journal are peer-reviewed and follow stringent guidelines before publishing. From Decentralized computing to Optical computing all the topics fall under the scope and the focus of this journal.

Focus and Scope of the Journal  Decentralized computing  Distributed algorithmic mechanism design  Distributed cache  Distributed operating system  Multiprocessor and multi-core architectures  Synchronization protocols and concurrent programming  Parallel programming  Distributed sensor networks  Pervasive computing  Optical computing

International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology is published twice a year (bi-annual) in India by JournalsPub is an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permission to the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Mansaf Alam Alam Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

Senthil Kumar Lakshmanan Department of IT GNITS, Shaikpet, Hyderabad, India

Professor Ravi Prakash Reddy Department of IT GNITS, Shaikpet, Hyderabad, India

Dr. Kiran Sree Professor, Department of CSE, NBKRIST, Vidyanagar, Nellore (Andhra Pradesh), India

Dr. Tripty Singh Asst.Professor, Amrita School of Engg, Bangalore, India

Dr. S. Sreejith Associate Professor, Power Electronics and Drives Division, School of Electrical Engineering,Vellore Institute of Technology, India

Dr. R G Jeyakumar Professor, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore., India

Dr. T Abirami Professor, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode Tamilnadu, India

Ziyan Wu Research Scientist, Vision Solutions and Technologies, Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, NJ

B M Alaudeen Asst.Professor, AVS College of Arts & Science ,Salem, India

Mr. Sanku Sinha Assistant Professor, R.V.S. College of Engineering and Technology, Jamshedpur, India

Mr. S Sivakumar Periyar University, Salem, India

B M Alaudeen Asst.Professor, AVS College of Arts & Science ,Salem, India

K Abirami Amrita School Of Engineering, Coimbatore, India

Kalyan Kumar Jena Dept. of CSEA, IGIT, Sarang, Odisha, India

Ch.Satyananda Reddy Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam.

Dr. Kiran Sree Professor in the department of CSE at NBKRIST, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology. This journal is part of the Computer Science and Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Distributed Computing and Technology as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Computer Science and Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Computer Science and Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Decentralized computing, Distributed algorithmic mechanism design, Distributed cache, Distributed operating system, Multiprocessor and multi-core architectures, Synchronization protocols and concurrent programming, Parallel programming Distributed sensor networks, Pervasive computing, Optical computing. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Computer Science and Engineering and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Computer Science and Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Computer Science and Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Computer Science and Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Computer Science and Engineering. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Computer-Based Information System for the Automation of Centralized Library Activities Roger Ahongshangbam

2. Blue Eye Technology â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A New Emergence in the Field of Technology Nitin Pratap Singh

3. Socket Web-Server Technology Manish Kumar Dixit, Shahanaz Ayub

4. Use Case Specifications and Their Basic Flow Design for Village Information System Management through Web-Based Application Raj Kumari Nirmala

5. Parallel and Distributed Computing â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Review Avinash Chauhan

International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology

eISSN: 2455-7307 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Computer-Based Information System for the Automation of Centralized Library Activities Roger Ahongshangbam*

Department of MCA, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, India

ABSTRACT To centralize the library there is processing system for measuring and reporting actual performance against the plan, so this article is depicting that information system which is required for the automation of centralized library activities. Keywords: data bank, strategic planning

INTRODUCTION Computer based information system should provide – Planning and Control information which has to be processed and analyzed in such a way that supports the management decision process. Management Planning Information Information is required for following three type plannings: (1) Strategic Planning (long-term planning) Determining long-range objectives, setting goals and formulating policies to achieve the objectives. (2) Technical Planning Planning for obtaining resources and the effective utilization of these resources. (3) Operational Planning (short-term planning) Planning for specific tasks.

For planning, following three types of basic information are generally required: (1) Environmental Information: The economic, political and social environment in which the organization operates. (2) Competitive Information: The nature of competitive organizations, their past

performance, current activities and projected actions. (3) Internal Information: Characteristics, resources and other important aspects of the organization. Management Control Information An effective management control system has two elements: (1) Plan, objective or standards: These indicate as to what is expected of the company or unit. Deviation requires explanation or corrective action. (2) Processing system for measuring and reporting actual performance against the plan: The data processing system provides performance reports at periodic intervals (say weekly or monthly). There should be procedure for issue of special ``warning’’ notices to alert the management if there is a condition needing immediate attention. Conversion of Manual to ComputerBased Management Information System (MIS)

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International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology

eISSN: 2455-7307 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Blue Eye Technology – A New Emergence in the Field of Technology Nitin Pratap Singh*

IIMT College of Engineering, Greater Noida, India

ABSTRACT Is it conceivable to make a PC, which can connect with us as we communicate each other? For instance envision in a fine morning you stroll on to your PC room and switch on your PC, and after that it lets you know "Hello companion, great morning you appear to be an awful state of mind today. And afterward it opens your letter drop and demonstrates to you a portion of the sends and tries to cheer you. It is by all accounts a fiction, yet it will be the life lead by “BLUE EYES” in the exact not so distant future. The fundamental thought behind this innovation is to give the PC the human force. We as a whole have some perceptual capacities. That is we can see each other's emotions. For instance we can comprehend ones passionate state by breaking down his outward appearance. In the event that we include these perceptual capacities of human to PCs would empower PCs to cooperate with individuals as private accomplices. The “BLUE EYES” innovation goes for making computational machines that have perceptual and tactile capacity like those of people. Keywords: blue eyes, central system unit, mobile measuring device

INTRODUCTION Imagine yourself in a world where humans interact with computers. You are sitting in front of your personal computer that can listen, talk, or even scream aloud. It has the ability to gather information about you and interact with you through special techniques like facial recognition, speech recognition, etc. It can even understand your emotions at the touch of the mouse. It verifies your identity, feels your presents, and starts interacting with you. You ask the computer to dial to your friend at his office. It realizes the urgency of the situation through the mouse, dials your friend at his office, and establishes a connection. Human cognition depends primarily on the ability to perceive, interpret, and integrate audio-visuals and sensoring information. Adding extraordinary perceptual abilities to computers would enable computers to

work together with human beings as intimate partners. Researchers are attempting to add more capabilities to computers that will allow them to interact like humans, recognize human presents, talk, listen, or even guess their feelings. According to madanko computer guff.[1] Blue Eyes Technology is the new technology which is going to be on our hand on near future. It is the system developed, intended to be the complex solution for monitoring and recording the operator’s conscious brain involvement as well as his physiological condition. There are certain questions which need to be answered. Is it possible to create a computer which can interact with us as we interact with each other? You are sitting in

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International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology

eISSN: 2455-7307 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Socket Web-Server Technology Manish Kumar Dixit, Shahanaz Ayub

Electronics and Communication Department, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT The aim of the paper is to introduce sockets, how it can be implemented for network programming. An important role is played by Sockets in client server applications. The communication between the client and server takes place by writing to or reading from these sockets. Linux functions such as printing, connecting to databases, and serving web pages as well as network utilities for remote login and ftp for file transfer usually use sockets to communicate. A “socket” or a "logical endpoint” is defined as combination of a specific network address and a port. A socket structure is utilized for storing the TCP-specific information for each connection, and there is an array of such type of structures to reflect the maximum number of simultaneous Connections. We have implemented socket for communication using TCP/IP protocol to serve the request and access the file using HTTP protocol. Two processes communicate through TCP sockets. A full-duplex byte stream/two way communication path between two individual processes is provided by the socket model. Keywords: HTTP, Linux Kernel, socket, TCP/IP

INTRODUCTION Linux has provided a mature, high performance stable alternative to traditional embedded operating systems utilized in various real time applications. A huge variety of applications and networking protocols are supported by Linux. A huge number of active developers have been attracted by Linux, enabling rapid support of new hardware architectures, platforms, and devices. A socket under Linux is quite similar to a telephone. Sockets are represented as endpoints in a line of communication. In between the data communications network incorporates the end points. Socket is just like a file descriptor, when it is created, a socket is a special type of file handle, which is utilized by a process to request network services from the

operating system. Two processes in full duplex mode usually communicate through TCP sockets. A full-duplex byte stream model provided by the socket is used to establish a connection from one process to another process.[1] Each side of a TCP connection has a socket that can be identified by the combination of TCP, IP address, port number. The communication for two processes is followed by TCP, and so there is existence of a logical connection that is uniquely identifiable by the two sockets each at client and server side that is, format for addressing such connection is TCP, local IP address, local port, remote IP address, remote port.

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International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology

eISSN: 2455-7307 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Use Case Specifications and Their Basic Flow Design for Village Information System Management through Web-Based Application Raj Kumari Nirmala*

Department of MCA, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, India

ABSTRACT Village Information System helps in the management of village related information’s in a technological environment, which will help the rural planners for the planning and implementation of plans in rural areas. It basically reduces the time and cost involved with the creation of data base for the planning. It comprises of all the information related to the facilities, infrastructure, education, health, population, building type, etc. Keywords: data model, use case specifications

INTRODUCTION Modules The design aspects are discussed for the following modules[1,2]:  Module 1: Making data internet ready. Data acquisition. Associating nonspatial data for the spatial features.  Module 2: Area or region selection. A model which would select the geographical entity(s) that need to be displayed (State/District/Taluk or Block map)  Module 3: Spatial query. An interface that would enable user to select the spatial features and query the associated non-spatial features.  Module 4: Non-spatial query. A flexible user interface where the users would make a query on non-spatial attributes and display the associated spatial features which satisfy the query.  Module 5: Thematic/choropleth mapping. A flexible user interface where the users would select the theme or parameter, classify the range for the parameter, etc. and create a dynamic thematic/choropleth map.



Module 6: Simple map browsing. A user interface where the users would be able to browse the map by zooming in/out, querying, etc. The modular design diagram is shown below figure

Actor and Their Specifications Actor Name: State Administrator Description: He/she is the overall administrator that supervises the working, maintain the content of the system. He/she can add, edit district, block and members of the system. Actor Name: District Administrator Description: He/she is the administrator of the respective district. The state administrator creates all the user account for the system of this user. He/she can add, edit or delete a block, village and create and maintain accounts of the district user (data operator).

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International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology

eISSN: 2455-7307 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Parallel and Distributed Computing â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Review Avinash Chauhan*

Department of Civil Engineering, Anand Engineering College, Agra, India

ABSTRACT Parallel and dispersed registering is an intricate and quick developing exploration territory. In its short 50-year history, the standard parallel PC engineering has developed from Single Instruction Multiple Data stream (SIMD) to Multiple Instructions Multiple Data stream (MIMD), and further to approximately coupled PC bunch; now it is going to enter the Computational Grid period. The calculation research has additionally changed as needs be throughout the years. In any case, the fundamental standards of parallel registering, for example, between procedure and between processor correspondence plans, parallelism techniques and execution model, continue as before. In this paper, a short presentation of parallel and conveyed processing will be given, which will cover the definition, inspiration, different sorts of models for reflection, and late pattern in standard parallel registering. Keywords: inter-processor correspondence and approximately coupled, multiple instructions multiple data stream, single instruction multiple data stream

INTRODUCTION Dispersed And Parallel Computing Distributed figuring is the way toward collecting the force of a few registering elements, which are consistently disseminated and may even be topographically circulated, to cooperatively run a solitary computational errand in a straightforward and sound way, with the goal that they show up as a solitary, concentrated framework. Parallel figuring is the synchronous execution of the same errand on numerous processors with a specific end goal to acquire speedier results.

It is generally acknowledged that parallel figuring is a branch of appropriated registering, and puts the accentuation on creating substantial processing power by utilizing numerous preparing elements all the while for a solitary calculation undertaking. These various preparing

substances can be a multiprocessor framework, which comprises of numerous processors in a solitary machine associated by transport or switch systems, or a multicomputer framework, which comprises of a few free PCs interconnected by media transmission systems or PC systems. Other than in parallel registering, circulated processing has additionally increased huge improvement in big business figuring. The fundamental distinction between big business dispersed figuring and parallel disseminated registering is that the previous primarily focuses on coordination of circulated assets to cooperatively complete some assignment, while the later focuses on using various processors at the same time to complete an undertaking as quick as would be prudent. In this theory, since we concentrate on elite figuring utilizing parallel disseminated registering, we won't cover venture conveyed

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eISSN: 2455-7307 Applied Mechanics

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International Journal of

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Civil Engineering

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Computer Science and Engineering

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Electrical Engineering

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Nursing

JUL–DEC 2016

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Material Sciences and Engineering

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Biotechnology

Chemistry

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Nanotechnology

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Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences