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International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of Electrical Communication and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are related to Electrical Communication. All articles presented here are peer-reviewed and are of good quality.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Electrical Technologist ! Electronic design automation ! Microelectronics ! RF/Photonics ! Microelectronics ! Electromagnetics ! Light wave Engineering ! Biomedical Signal Processing ! Communication Systems ! Computer Networks ! Control Systems ! Digital Signal Processing ! Image Processing & Computer Vision ! Instrumentation, Multimedia Security ! Power Electronics and Power Systems, ! Speech Signal Processing

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Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. D. K. Bhalla Bhagwant Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Anil Kumar Chojar Punjabi University, Punjab, India

Dr. Arun Dev Dhar Dwiwedi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Poornina University Jaipur, Rajasthan India

Dr. M. Gopinath Electrical Electronics Engineering, Dr.N.G.P Institute of Technology Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Steven Sheng-Uei Guan Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Jiangsu Province, China

Dr. M R Nayak Aerospace Electronics & Systems Division, National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore Kodihalli, Bangalore, India

Dr. Vijay Raj Singh Physics, Boston University, USA

Dr. P. Rama Subramanian Computer Science, Madurai Kamaraj University, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. S. Thiruvenkadam Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, P.A. College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, Tamilnadu, India

Dr. Ramachandran Narayanan Directorate of Distance Education, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India

Mr. Ram Sewak Singh IMS Engg.college, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

Mr. Ashish Jangid Venture Era, Jaipur, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering. This journal is part of the Electrical Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Electrical Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electrical Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electrical Communication Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Electrical Technologist, Electronic design automation, Microelectronics, RF/Photonics, Microelectronics, Electromagnetics, Light wave Engineering, Biomedical Signal Processing, Communication Systems, Computer Networks, Control Systems, Digital Signal Processing, Image Processing & Computer Vision, Instrumentation, Multimedia Security, Power Electronics and Power Systems, Speech Signal Processing. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electrical Communication Engineering and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electrical Communication Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this very first issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Electrical Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electrical Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electrical Engineering. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Measurement of Chakra Energy: Effect of Different Activities on Consciousness Ankita Soni, Sulochana Wadhwani, Devendra Kumar Chaturvedi

2. A Study of Modified Space Vector PWM Based Algorithm for Multilevel Inverter Akhilesh Kumar Tripath, Imran Khan, Rafat Qunai, Malik Rafi

3. Output Analysis of Solar Power System Using One-Diode Model of PV Cell Based on MATLAB Hemant Kumar Sharma, Hitesh Verma, Deepak Parashar

4. A Relative Study of Employees Occupational Stress in Public and Private Sector Ramachandran Narayanan

5. Puppet: A Review Savita Sehgal, Neetu Sharma

6. A New Topology for 7-Level Multilevel Inverter with Converting Its Optimal Structure Rajat Singh Kushwah, Praveen Bansal

7. Prepaid Energy Meter With 8051 Microcontroller Using GSM Santosh Agrahari, Rahul Jain, Neha Patidar, Pooja Mahich, Surbhi Gupta

International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Measurement of Chakra Energy: Effect of Different Activities on Consciousness Ankita Soni1*, Sulochana Wadhwani1, Devendra Kumar Chaturvedi2 1

Department of Electrical Engineering, MITS, Gwalior, India Department of Electrical Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra, India

Abstract Consciousness is the measure of awareness, alertness and sensations of mind. The purpose of this experimental study is to measure the energy of different chakra energy center (eye center and throat center). The motive of this study is to determine the effect of our daily routine activities on the level of chakra energy of different chakras. In this study we observed that how the chakra energy is related with our mental state and our daily activities. For this experimental study we use an Energy measurement system for measurement of energy level of chakra centers. The data is collected from a group of 25 MITS hostel inmates for 7 days and the results are tabulated and analyzed with effect of different daily routine and mental activities. The data is also collected from the class of B.E. 1st year of mechanical engineering. In this measurement we observed that the level of chakra energy is highest at third eye center than lower centers and find the relation between the daily activates and chakra center energy. Keywords: chakra energy, consciousness, eye center, throat center

INTRODUCTION Chakras are the energy centers of our body, located at the midline of our body. There are many chakras present in our body, but the basic seven chakras are the crown chakra, the third eye chakra, the throat, the heart the solar plexus, the sacral, and the root chakra. Each chakra associated with different energy levels. The level of chakra energy is changed when the person doing different activities related to their daily routine. These chakras have different energy level, and by measuring the energy level of these chakras, we can determine the level of consciousness of our body. The openness and flow of energy through our chakras determine our state of health and balance.[1] Consciousness is our awareness of thoughts, sensations, and other internal process. There are three levels of consciousness as, physical consciousness, mental consciousness, and spiritual

(highest level) consciousness. We can implement this feature in different groups like student, workers, or patients, and by measuring the chakra energy of them we can determine the level of consciousness. If the value of chakra energy is higher than the level of consciousness is more or if the value of chakra Energy is lower than the level of consciousness is less. Means the person whose chakra energy is higher, is more conscious. This study is based on the measurement of CHAKRA energy Consciousness is very important term for the performance level of human. Consciousness level will change when we deal with different situations. Our experience of conscious is always changes when our thoughts and environment is

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International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A Study of Modified Space Vector PWM Based Algorithm for Multilevel Inverter Akhilesh Kumar Tripath*, Imran Khan, Rafat Qunai, Malik Rafi AZAD IET, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract This paper describes a multilevel inverter for renewable energy systems. The study is carried out for three different cases. In the first case, one of the two dc-link capacitors of the inverter is replaced by a battery bank and the other by a supercapacitor bank. In the second case, dclink capacitors are replaced by two battery banks. In the third case, ordinary dc-link capacitors are replaced by two supercapacitor banks. The first system is supposed to mitigate both long-term and short-term power fluctuations while the last two systems are intended for smoothening long-term and short-term power fluctuations, respectively. Keywords: multilevel inverter, PWM, renewable energy, super capacitor

INTRODUCTION The technology of multilevel inverter, basically it was developed for medium voltage drive of ac motor. Multilevel inverter is based on the process of composition of voltage waveform from DC voltage level. The waveform of output voltage add more steps with the number of

voltage level increases, and the total harmonic distortion in output current waveform is decrease. In comparison to conventional two level inverter, the switching frequency of multilevel inverter can be lower for the same THD of the output voltage, which means reduced switching loss and increased efficiency.[1-5]

Fig. 1. Interface for Battery Energy Storage Scheme (a) Direct Connection to the DC Link (b) Connection to the DC link Through a DC-DC Converter(c) Proposed Battery / Super Capacitor Direct Integration Scheme.

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International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Output Analysis of Solar Power System Using One-Diode Model of PV Cell Based on MATLAB Hemant Kumar Sharma*, Hitesh Verma, Deepak Parashar Department of Electrical Engineering, B.S.A. College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract This paper proposes a Simulink-based model of a solar power system using one-diode model of PV cell. This study is based on the comparison between one-diode and two-diode model of PV cell and determines the behavior of solar power system. The electric characteristic (I-V, P-V) will be determined & the impact of radiation (external factors) on a one-diode model of a PV cell has been carried out with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Keywords: cells/modules/arrays, irradiance, I-V, one-diode, photovoltaic, P-V, simulation, two-diode

INTRODUCTION Solar cell is basically a p-n junction fabricate in a thin wafer or layer of semiconductors. The electromagnetic radiation of solar energy can be directly converted to electricity through [1] photovoltaic effect. The basic view of solar cell is shown in Figure 1. When it exposed to sunlight, photons with energy greater than the band-gap energy of the semiconductor are absorbed and create some electron-hole pair proportional to the incident irradiation. Under the influence of the internal electric fields of the p-n junction, these carriers are swept apart and create a photocurrent which is directly proportional to solar irradiation.[2]

Fig. 1. Basic View of Solar Cell.

An accurate knowledge of solar cell parameters from experimental data is of vital importance for the design of solar cells and for estimates of their performance. Thus, different solar cell modules have been developing to describe their electrical behavior, but the electrical equivalent circuit is a convenient and common way in most simulation studies. The five parameters of interest in the equivalent circuit are the photo-current (IPH), series resistance (RS), diode saturation current (I0), shunt resistance (RSH) and the ideality factor (a), therefore; the evaluation of these parameters has been the subject of investigation of several authors. While some authors use numerical analysis methods to solve the non-linear implicit equation of I-V relation[3-5] and many uses analytical methods with a series of simplifications and approximations.[6-8] Naturally, PV system exhibits a nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) characteristics which vary with the radiant intensity and cell temperature. The

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International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A Relative Study of Employees Occupational Stress in Public and Private Sector Ramachandran Narayanan* Business Administration Wing, Directorate of Distance Education, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract The present study aims to find out the level of occupational stress of employees working in a public and private sector organization. A samples of 100 employees selected stratified randomly were studied using Srivatsava and Singh (1981) scale. The results revealed that employees differed in occupational stress on the basis of type of organizations. Keywords: job stress, occupational stress, public and private sector

INTRODUCTION The growth and development of employees at higher levels of competency is much expected in organisations. Human resource management approach helps people to develop self-control and responsibility, and also tries to create a climate in which all the employees may contribute to the best of their improved abilities. People acquiring expanded capabilities and opportunities will lead directly to improvements in operating effectiveness.[1] Work satisfaction also will be a direct result, when employees make fuller use of their capabilities. Essentially, the human resources approach means that capable people achieve better results. Working men undergo much stress while they are on the work. Such occupational stress varies from person to person, occupation to occupation and time to time. Bernard (1998)[2] opined that Occupational stress is an adjustive demand, which occurs in the workplace by physical, mental or emotional factors that require coping behaviour.

Seyle (1976)[3] described stress-related illness in three stages as alarm stage, resistance stage and exhaustion stage. Alarm Stage The alarm stage is first shock phase of dropped resistance and trailed by counter attack that occur during which the individual’s defence mechanisms is activated. Resistance Stage Here, occur maximum adaptations and the individual return to equilibrium. However, if the stressor continues of the defence does not work, he will move on to the third stage. Exhaustion Stage This phase happens on failure of adaptive mechanisms. If this phase continues, individual is affected physically and mentally. Some psychological changes such as mood change, negative emotion and feeling of helplessness will occur causing the individual’s decision to leave the job and profession.

STAGES OF STRESS

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International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Puppet: A Review Savita Sehgal*, Neetu Sharma Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana, Jhajjar, Haryana, India

Abstract In figuring, Puppet is an exposed source conformation controlling usefulness. It runs on many Unix-like schemes as well as on Microsoft Windows, and comprises its own declarative language to designate system arrangement. Puppet is manufactured by Puppet Labs, originated by Luke Kanies in 2005. It is inscribed in Ruby and unconfined as free software under the GPL until version 2.7.0 and the Apache 2.0 license after that. It is a tool intended to achieve the formation of Unix-like and Microsoft Windows systems declaratively. The user designates scheme possessions and their state, either using Puppet's declarative language or a Ruby DSL (domain-specific language). This info is stowed in files called "Puppet manifests". Puppet learns the system info via a utility called Factor, and accumulates the Puppet establishes into a system-particular catalog comprising resources and resource dependence, which are practical in contradiction of the target systems. Any actions taken by Puppet are then described. Puppet contains of a custom declarative language to define system formation, which can be either practical straight on the system, or accumulated into a catalog and dispersed to the target system via client–server paradigm (using a REST API), and the agent uses system specific providers to enforce the resource specified in the manifests. The reserve concept layer allows administrators to define the conformation in high-level terms, such as users, services and packages without the need to specify OS specific commands (such as rpm, yum, apt).Puppet is a tool designed to manage the configuration of Unix-like and Microsoft Windows systems declaratively. This information is stored in files called "Puppet manifests". Puppet discovers the system information via a utility called Facter, and accumulates the Puppet demonstrates into a system-specific catalog comprising resources and resource dependency, which are practical in contradiction of the target systems. Any movements taken by Puppet are then stated.

INTRODUCTION Description: Puppet contains of a custom declarative linguistic to define scheme conformation, which can be whichever practical straight on the scheme, or amassed into a catalog and dispersed to the target system via client–server paradigm (using a REST API), and the agent usages system particular workers to apply the reserve quantified in the establishes. The resource abstraction layer allows managers to define the configuration in high-level terms, such as users, services and correspondences deprived of the essential to stipulate OS

specific instructions (such as rpm, yum, apt). In calculating, Puppet is an open-source outline organization utility. It turns on many Unix-like schemes as well as on Microsoft Windows, and comprises its own declarative linguistic to designate classification formation.[1]

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International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A New Topology for 7-Level Multilevel Inverter With Converting Its Optimal Structure Rajat Singh Kushwah, Praveen Bansal Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India

Abstract Multilevel inverter tools have emerged recently as a very imperative substitute in the area of high power intermediate voltage energy control. This paper presents new topology of multilevel inverter with reducing switches. This paper also presents the most pertinent control and modulation methods residential for this family of converters multilevel sinusoidal pulse width modulation, multilevel selective harmonic purging. Special consideration is keen to different level of multilevel inverter so that total harmonic distortion (THD) might be reduced. The need of an active have frontage on end at the input plane for those inverters supplying regenerative loads is also discussed, and the circuit topology option are also offered. Finally, the peripherally upward areas such as high voltage high power devices and optical sensors and other opportunities for future development are addressed. Keywords: multi-level inverter (MLIs), optimization and PWM techniques

INTRODUCTION The concept of multilevel converters has been set up since 1974. The term multilevel commence with the three-level converter. Later, several multilevel converter topologies have been urbanized. However, the basic concept of a multilevel converter to achieve higher power is to use a series of power semiconductor switches with quite a few lower voltage dc sources to perform the power exchange by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. The commutation of the power switches collective these multiple dc sources in order to attain high voltage at the output. However, the rated voltage of the power semiconductor switches depends only upon the rating of the dc voltage sources to which they are associated. MLI have inward more and more concentration because of their capability of high voltage operation, high good organization and low electromagnetic interference(EMI).[1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;5]

The three types of multilevel converter structures report in the creative writing are cascaded H-bridge converter with separate dc sources, diode clamped (neutralclamped), and flying capacitors (capacitor clamped).[1] Modulation techniques and control paradigms have been urbanized for multilevel converters such as Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), selective harmonic elimination (SHE-PWM), space vector modulation (SVM), and others. Many, multilevel converter application include industrial medium-voltage motor drives, renewable energy systems with utility interface, flexible Alternative Current transmission system (FACTS), and traction drive systems.[4] The frequent multilevel converter topologies are the neutral-point-clamped converter (NPC), flying capacitor converter (FC) and Cascade H-Bridge (CHB) have residential from last two decades. Multilevel inverters

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International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Prepaid Energy Meter With 8051 Microcontroller Using GSM Santosh Agrahari, Rahul Jain*, Neha Patidar, Pooja Mahich, Surbhi Gupta Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Poornima University, Rajasthan, India

Abstract This paper presents the Prepaid Energy Meter with 8051 Microcontroller using GSM for prepaid billing of electricity used in house. Today in India, the present energy billing system is manual which increases processing time and becomes labor consuming. The manual billing system makes data reading and processing errors which may occur at every stage of energy billing. The aim of this system is to minimize the errors by introducing a new system of Prepaid Energy Metering using GSM. Also using this system, it reduces the queue at the electricity billing counters and to restrict the usage of electricity inevitably, if the bill is not paid. The GSM expertise is used so that the consumer would get messages about the consumption of power (in watts) and if it touches the minimum amount, it would automatically alert the consumer to recharge. The GSM module affords a mode of communication among the user and service provider. So, the user can recharge his/her electricity account from phone while sitting at home. The implementation of this system will help in better energy management, conservation of energy and automatic and authentic billing system. The automated billing system will keep track of the real time consumption. Keywords: energy meter, GSM, microcontroller, prepaid billing system, SMS

INTRODUCTION This system works on prepaid energy meter which is utilized for sensing the energy automatically consumed at home. GSM SIM 300 is the interface in this system, which will make the interaction between the user and the energy meter.[1] This paper describes an approach of transmitting the consumed electricity data and bill using GSM modem. Traditional meter reading is not fully efficient and more time consuming for meter readings and further processing to generate bills as well as the user has to pay bills in queue at the counter which is very much time consuming as well as inefficient.[2] So, a system is required which collects meter readings automatically i.e. Automatic Meter

Reading (AMR) systems. Its application lies in the household, commercial and industries. In this proposed method, the consumption of energy will be monitored by the prepaid energy meter [3] automatically. It records those readings continuously and transmits to the user through the GSM network. The GSM network sends a SMS (Short Messaging System) for electricity used and amount paid to the user.[4] The service will be quick, fast and in a no time costumer will get the updated bill. BACKGROUND It is incompetent to have a collection of meter readings, because to take the readings, an onsite meter reader should be there. This method becomes more

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

« « « «

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

JAN – JUNE 2016

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

IJECE

« « « «

Nursing « « « « «

International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences