International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development vol 2 issue 1 by JournalsPub

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, 6 Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India 1 t E-mail: info@journalspub.com 0 i e l 2 m ic b rt u S A Mechanical Engineering Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and International Journal of Thermal Energy and u Mechanical Behaviour Applications International Journal of Machine Design and International Journal of Production Engineering Yo «

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

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Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

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Signals

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Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

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International Journal of Water Resources Engineering International Journal of Concrete Technology International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning

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International Journal of Wireless Network Security International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices International Journal of Software Computing and Testing International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms 5 more...

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Material Sciences and Engineering

International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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International Journal of Energetic Materials International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering 4 more...

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International Journal of Photochemistry International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry International Journal of Green Chemistry International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering 3 more...

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Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

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Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

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International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development

JournalsPub is a multi-disciplinary international journal boosting innovative & eminence research work by Division of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. Launched in 2014 under the support and guidance by our Honorable Editorial Board Members from renowned institutes.

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International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development

International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development is comprehensive journal that focuses on all major issues related to environmental planning and development including environmental economics and legislations, its challenges, design and risk assessment. The scope also covers other issues from environmental eco sufficiency and related fields.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Environmental economics and environmental legislation ! Legislation enacted in the field of environment ! Challenges of environmental planning and design ! Impact assessment of environmental planning ! Mitigation and preventive measures ! Techniques of measurement of water, soil, air and noise pollution !

Auditing and risk assessment

! Environmental design ! Eco-sufficiency

International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development is published twice a year (bi-annual) by JournalsPub- an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd., India. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permission to the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Sutapa Das Department of Architecture, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India

Dr. Prakash Vinayak Durge Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Tecnology Akola, India

Dr. Adesoji David Jiboye Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Dr. Rajindra Kumar Pandit Department of Architecture, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, India

Dr. Kailash M. Rao Department of Architecture, Manipal University, India

Dr. Yogesh K. Garg Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Dr. Mohd Fairuz Shahidan University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

Dr. Tim Tse Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China

Dr. V. Subbiah Hindustan University, India

Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Mukharjee Department of Civil Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology (VSSUT), Burla, India

Kerstin Frick Hindustan University, India

Dr. Jagdish Singh Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Dr. Ajay Bharti North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, India

Dr. M. V. Molykutty B.S.Abdur Rahman University, India

Dr. sohail Ayub Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (Uttar Prdesh), India

Dr. B.S. Bhooshan, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore BSB Architects, Bangalore and Mysore, India

Ms Sharmin Khan, Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Z.H.C.E.T., AMU, Aligarh, India

Fazli Farhan Mohammad Fazli, Aligarh Muslim University (A Central Government Institution) India

Dr. Tarun Kumar Lohani, Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, India

Mr. Joystu Dutta Assistant Professor, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Sarguja University, Ambikapur

Nancy Jain Department of Civil Engineering, ITMGOI, Gwalior, MP

Dr. Ashwani Kumar Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur,India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development. This journal is part of the Architecture, and is devoted to the scope of present Architecture issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Environmental Planning as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Architectural community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Environmental Planning and Development in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Mitigation and preventive measures, Techniques of measurement of water, soil, air and noise pollution, Auditing and risk assessment, Environmental design, Eco-sufficiency etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Environmental Planning community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Environmental Planning and Development. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Architectural readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Environmental Planning and Development. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. User Psychology in Architecture of Workspace Nikita Bokde

2. Elements Affecting Purchasing Behavior for Environmentally Sustainable Products: A Review for Future Research Abhinav Gupta, Arun Sacher

3. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Challenges and Opportunities for Food Security in Agriculture Sector A.N. Sarkar

4. Wet Scrubbers â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Design of Spray Tower to Control Air Pollutants Akshey Bhargava

5. National Air Quality Index: The Need of the Hour Sonal Jain

International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Vol. 2: Issue 1

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User Psychology in Architecture of Workspace Nikita Bokde* National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India

Abstract The spatial knowledge of our environment is an unconscious requisite for all of us. People working in offices spend the better part of their day in a built environment, ergo, much of their thoughts about space are directly connected to the spatial design and architecture of their surroundings. Design of any space or building, consciously or unconsciously, includes user psychology. Clearly, the design of a utilitarian building is different than that of a recreational one, or that of an office different from that of a restaurant. The reason being unconscious user psychology. When function of any building to be designed is stated, the designer trying to conceive ideas starts with some mental image with reference to the function. The office spaces are usually designed for strictly utilitarian purposes with the design reflecting so. The practice often leads to monotony among employees. Office is a place where one is supposed to stay, work and interact for 10 hours a day. Accommodating as many workstations as the space can, the working spaces and environment are not designed by keeping in mind the user’s mental and physical needs, who have to spend maximum amount of time in the place. Needs of users are not only related to ergonomics and spaces but psychology of spaces is also a very important aspect, it can increase or decrease productivity of workers in an office to a great extent. This paper attempts to explore the theory of user psychology considerations in workspace architecture and their effects. Keywords: architecture, user psychology, workspace design

INTRODUCTION User Psychology User psychology is everything that can happen is a user’s mind when they use any particular design. Architecture is the science which combines expression, technology and satisfaction of human needs. Buildings are ‘designed’ so that people using it should have an experience. Weather positive or negative, every designed space creates some impact on the user. If any design is unable to evoke any type of feeling in the user, that particular design can be considered a failure. It is well-established that the built environment can affect a person’s

emotional state. User psychology can be used to effect the emotional state and productivity of the workers or occupants to a great extent. User Psychology in Workspaces The most basic purpose of architecture is associated with the occupant. Buildings are created for humans to use, therefore, human psychology should be the primary parameter kept in mind while designing any building. Modern day psychologists and designers are rigorously studying the impact of particular built environment on users.

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International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Elements Affecting Purchasing Behavior for Environmentally Sustainable Products: A Review for Future Research Abhinav Gupta*, Arun Sacher SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Haryana, India

Abstract ‘Environmentally Sustainable Development’: the term whose presence was felt in early 1970s became more prominent after getting focus upon in United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Environmental sustainability is all about responsible purchasing keeping in mind the impact on the environment with the use or even manufacturing of a product. This paper will provide a detailed review of literature available on environmentally sustainable consumption covering all the relevant attributes. In the initial section developments of the concept has been discussed and further review of literature has been presented thus providing guideline for future research of marketing for sustainable consumption. Keywords: sustainability, sustainable attitude, environmentally sustainable consumption.

INTRODUCTION Products which are environmentally sustainable have been presented and defined by researchers in different ways. Such products are of following types such as; the products which are environmentally superior, environment friendly, and ecologically safe which do not harm the environment (Chan, 1998).[1] Products which are environmentally sustainable have been presented and described by D’Souza, Taghian and Khosla (2007)[2] as these are the products which are helpful in achieving and reducing in the environmental impact. Environment sustainability concept was focused upon in United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in 1992 at Rio de Janeiro. The framework is moving towards observing and building environmental regulations, establishing a

green image of the firm and enhancing value to the products in a greener way. With growing consumerism it has become more evident and important for the firms to contemplate factors which make their product more environmentally sustainable as the emphasis on ecological attributes of the product have increased. It is quite evident from literature review that environmentally responsible and alert consumers are increasing which makes it important for businesses to align their products in accordance to the growing demand for such products. Environmentally sustainable products also need innovative refinement in the existing attributes (Steg & Vlek, 2009);[3] which makes it essential for marketers to devise the overall marketing strategy and products as well. Further through this paper research has been done to understand various attributes

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International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Challenges and Opportunities for Food Security in Agriculture Sector A.N. Sarkar* Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, 3& 4 Institutional Areas, Jasola, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, India

Abstract Agriculture and the future of global food security figure very importantly in global climate change negotiations (e.g. COP 21). As stated in Article II of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the goal is to ensure stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent “dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. Agriculture, rural livelihoods, sustainable management of natural resources and food security are inextricably linked within the development and climate change challenges of the twenty-first century. Not only is food security an explicit concern under climate change; successful adaptation and mitigation responses in agriculture can only be achieved within the ecologic, economic and social sustainability goals set forth by the World Food Summit, the Millennium Development Goals and the UNFCCC. The various international as well as national organization have drawn up appropriate research and development initiatives and programmes with proper funding (green funding) for mitigation and adaptation measures to minimize the problems. The core objective in these efforts is to help develop low-carbon economy with high degree of resilience and sustainability especially in the context of protecting , preventing and enhancing the food security The objective of this paper is to identify a broad-based strategy for climate change responses in agriculture that insulates and effectively provides long-term and sustainable safeguards of food security, rural livelihood support systems and the provision of environmental services at the local farming community level. Special focus is given to existing and potential future mechanisms necessary to support adaptation, mitigation, technology transfer and financing at national, regional and international levels to meet the challenges of food security in Agriculture and allied sector in future. Keywords: adaptation, agriculture, climate change, mitigation, food security

AGRICULTURE AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Agriculture is not only a fundamental human activity at risk from climate change, it is a major driver of environmental and climate change itself. It has the largest human impact on land and water resources. About 1.4 billion ha of arable land (10% of total ice-free land) are

used for crop cultivation and an additional 2.5 billion ha are used for pasture. Roughly four billion ha are forested land, 5% of which is used for plantation forestry. Two billion tonnes of grains are produced yearly for food and feed, providing two-thirds of total protein intake by humans. About 10% of total world cereal supply is traded internationally.[1] In

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International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Wet Scrubbers – Design of Spray Tower to Control Air Pollutants Akshey Bhargava* Department of Civil Engineering, Global Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India

Abstract Wet scrubbers are compatible and effective air pollution control devices to arrest particulate matters and polluting gases coming out of industrial processes as air polluting emissions. There are various types of wet scrubbers but the present paper deals with Spray Towers and its design. The author of the present paper designed the Spray Tower for a 100 TPD cement plant based on Vertical Shaft Technology (VSK) after monitoring the air emissions in regard to designed parameters under variable conditions on a time scale. The efficiency of the designed Spray Tower has been to the tune of more than 95 percent. Keywords: particulate matter control, spray tower, wet scrubbers

BACKGROUND Wet scrubbers are effective air pollution control devices for removing particles and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams. A wet scrubber operates by introducing the dirty gas stream with a scrubbing liquid – typically water. Particulate or gases are collected in the scrubbing liquid. Wet scrubbers are generally the most appropriate air pollution control device for collecting both particulate and gas in a single system. Pollution systems offer a variety of wet scrubber systems specifically designed for process application. Many important operating variables are considered when evaluating the size and type of scrubber for any specific application.[1] Types of Wet Scrubbers  Chemical scrubbers/gas scrubbers  Particulate scrubbers/venturi scrubbers  Ammonia scrubbers  Chlorine scrubbers  Particulate/dust scrubbers



Sulfuric acid scrubbers

Particulate Scrubbers/Dust Scrubbers The concept of wet particulate/dust scrubbers is pretty straightforward. A liquid – usually water – is injected into the waste gas stream. The liquid droplets impact and entrain particulates from the waste gas stream and collecting them in the sump for blow down. The treated air stream is discharged through the exhaust stack.[2–5] The scrubber’s design will be impacted by a wide range of variables such as:  Nature of the particulate/dust to be removed  Particulate size distribution, initial pollutant loading/concentration in the waste stream and whether it Is flammable or combustible  Required removal efficiency  Temperature and flow rate of the waste stream

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International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Vol. 2: Issue 1

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National Air Quality Index: The Need of the Hour Sonal Jain

Our concern about ambient pollution and its effect on human health stemmed primarily from three major air pollution episodes- Meuse Valley of Belgium in 1930, Donora in Pennsylvania of USA in 1948, and London smog episode in 1952. These episodes prompted many countries to initiate legislative and regulatory measures to control ambient air pollution. Pollutant effects on human health have accrued notable data that comes from spectrum of relevant disciplines including toxicology, human exposure assessment, and epidemiology. Among the plethora of environmental pollutant exposure to particulate matter (PM) is the largest environmental health hazards, increasing the risk of lung cancer, stroke, heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases, lower respiratory infections and asthma. The International Agency for Research on cancer classified PM pollution as carcinogenic to humans in 2013, and designated it as a leading environmental cause of cancer deaths. India is one of the countries with highest population exposure to PM2.5, and has reported consequently human health risks associated with PM2.5. SCOPE OF AIR QUALITY INDEX To inform public regarding overall status of air quality and its adverse effect the concept of air quality index (AQI) has been developed and used effectively in many developed countries for over last three decades. An AQI is defined as an overall scheme that alter weighted values of individual air pollution related parameters (SO2, CO, visibility, etc.) into a single number or set of numbers. The concept of air quality monitoring

programme was started only in 1984 and no significant efforts has been developed to use AQI in India. However increasing air quality tension in India has prompted the researcher to focus on AQI monitoring program. Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) Pune has developed an AQI, which provides sub-index for PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, and CO and describes air quality status in terms of very unhealthy, very poor, poor (unhealthy for sensitive groups), moderate and good. In 2009 Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) revised the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for 12 parameters (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, Pb, Ni, As, Benzo(a)pyrene, and Benzene). The selection of parameters primarily depends on AQI objectives: data availability, averaging period, monitoring frequency, and measurement methods. Multiple agencies propose AQI schemes which provide varying air quality assessments, e.g. air quality may be termed as ‘good’ by one scheme and ‘poor’ by the other which is sometimes very confusing to general public. CPCB and the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) have instigated the National Air Quality Index project to emphasize the air quality information dissemination system for mass awareness and their participation in environment pollution management. The main solo of the AQI monitoring program is to inform citizens about associated health impacts of air pollution exposure and also prioritize the cities/towns on the measure of AQ. AQI also assist in data interpretation and decision making processes related to

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« « « «

¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

Nursing « « « « «

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development IJEPD JAN - JUNE 2016

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences