International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions vol 2 issue 2 by JournalsPub

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20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

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Signals

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Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

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Development

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Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering International Journal of Wireless Network Security International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices International Journal of Software Computing and Testing International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms 5 more...

International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits International Journal of Automatic Control System International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering « International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and 4 more... Circuits

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Nursing

Material Sciences and Engineering

International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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International Journal of Energetic Materials International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering 4 more...

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International Journal of Photochemistry International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry International Journal of Green Chemistry International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering 3 more...

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Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Jul–Dec 2016

International Journal of Water Resources Engineering International Journal of Concrete Technology International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

« « « « «

IJCSCR

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

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International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions

Biomaterials International Journal of Plant Biotechnology International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and 3 more... Applications

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

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International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions, focuses on the material synthesis, mass balance, kinetic analysis and other related fields of chemical synthesis process and chemical reactions. Journal accepts both experimental and theoretical papers that fall under the scope of the journal.

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Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. A. Thirupathaiah Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya Degree & PG Colleges, Hanmakonda, Warangal, India

Dr. Ahmad Reza Massah Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran

Dr. Ajit Manharlal Bhavsar Dishman Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals Ltd., Ahmedabad, India

Dr. Anuja Chauhan Arni University, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India

Dr. Asif Mahmood Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Dr. Avinash Sonar Department of Chemistry, VSN Arts, Commerce & Science College, Jalagaon, Mumbai, India

Dr. C Jaya Kumar Department of Chemical Engineering, A. C. Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India

Dr. Chennamsetty Subramanyam Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla, India

Dr. Dnyaneshwar Wankhede Swami Ramanand Tirth Marathwada University, Vishnupuri, Nanded MS, India

Dr. Faiyazalam Mahmadsaiyad Shaikh Navnirman Science College, Surat, Gujarat, India

Dr. Hitesh D Patel Gujarat University, India

Kasim Mohammed Hello Al-Muthanna University, Iraq

Dr. Krishna Namdev Alasundkar Government College of Engineering, Karad Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India

Dr. Lakhwinder Singh Department of Applied Science, CGC College of Engineering, Mohali, Punjab, India

Dr. M. R. Jayapal Narasaraopeta Engineering College, Narasaraopeta, Guntur, India

Dr. Mohamed Abashar Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

Dr. Mohammed Shaheer Malik CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, India

Dr. Nandkumar M. Patil Wockhardt R & D Center, Aurangabad, India

Dr. Nitinkumar S. Shetty Department of Organic Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University (Manipal), India

Dr. Perumal Ramachandran Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Pradeep Kumar Rana Department of BSH, GIET, Gunupur, Odisha, India

Dr. R. P. Badoni College of Engineering Studies, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, India

Dr. Rajeev Singh Department of Chemistry, ARSD, University of Delhi, India

Prof. Rajneesh Dutt Kaushik Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

Ramakrishna Rao Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Technology, GITAM University, Bangalore, India

Dr. Rekha Lagarkha Department of Chemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Saeed Khodabakhshi Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran

Dr. Sameena Bano Jamia Hamdard, India

Dr. Samson Maria Louis N Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Chennai, India

Dr. Shubha Jain School of Studies in Chemistry & Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Dr. Someshwar Dagduappa Dindulkar Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Global hall 413, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul, South Korea

Dr. Sudalai Kumar S Francis Xavier Engineering College, Vannarpet Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Suryya K Rana Dungarpur College of Engineering & Technology, Dungarpur, Rajasthan, India

Dr. Tanveer Alam University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Oman

Dr. V. Christopher Department of Organic Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India

Dr. Vajjiravel Murugesan Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Prof. Velluru Sridevi Department of Chemical Engineering, A. U. College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Wilson Mbiti Njue Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya, Kenya

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions. This journal is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present chemical synthesis and chemical reactions issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Chemical Synthesis Reactions as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the chemical synthesis reactions Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in chemical reactions in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Electrosynthesis, Methods in organic synthesis, Peptide synthesis, Reaction mechanism, Kinetic analysis, Combustion, and many more. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of chemical synthesis reactions and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the chemical synthesis reactions community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of chemical synthesis reactions. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for chemistry readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of chemical synthesis and reactions. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Controlling Catalytic Reactions: Recent Report Amit Kumar

2. Synthesis, Spectral and Magnetic Moment Studies of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Hydroxamic Acids with Potassium Hexathiocyanato Vanadium (II) Tetra Hydrate Ajay Agarwal, Virendra Mishra, Babita Agarwal 3 3. Identifying Chemical Combination in Consumer Products â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Report Varun Singh Parmar

4. Successful Synthesis of Organic Molecules with Increased Conductivity and Durability Dayananda Singh Konjengbam

5. Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Hydroxamic Acids With Potassium Hexathiocyanato Chromium (III) Tetra-hydrate Ajay Agarwal, Virendra Mishra, Satnam Arora

International Journal of Chemical Synthesis & Chemical Reactions Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Controlling Catalytic Reactions: Recent Report Amit Kumar Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Catalysts play an important role in various chemical reactions. Their prime role is to speed up the reaction. Catalysts are required in very small amounts and are not consumed during the reaction. Today, catalysts are not only required by chemists to accelerate their chemical processes but they have become a crucial part of the industrial sector as well [1]. This is because use of catalyst in accelerating the reaction rate is also associated with the fact that a chemical compound can be synthesized more economically and cleanly. In a recent research led by a group of scientists at the University of Toronto, it is found that the catalytic reactions can be made more specific and faster. This research has been carried out by the Nobel Prize winner John Polanyi, a renowned chemist and his team [2]. They observed that altering the position of the molecule relative to the catalytic surface, renders the process of catalysis highly bond-specific.

The reaction mechanism becomes more selective when the alignment of the bonds in the molecules was closer to the rows of atoms in the catalyst. The team carried out carious experiments involving organic compound iodobenzene. Here, metallic copper was used as the catalyst. Reaction was initiated by movement of an electron that was transferred from the tip of the microscope towards iodobenzene [2]. This resulted in breaking of carbon-to-iodine bonds in the presence of the catalyst (copper). It was found that the reactivity of carbon-toiodine bonds got accelerated when those bonds were in the alignment to rows of atoms of the catalyst i.e., copper; than that when the carbon-to-iodine bonds were aligned across the copper rows. A 100-fold difference was observed in the reactivity of the reaction depending on the position of bonds in specific directions on the catalyst (Figure 1) [2].

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International Journal of Chemical Synthesis & Chemical Reactions Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Synthesis, Spectral and Magnetic Moment Studies of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Hydroxamic Acids with Potassium Hexathiocyanato Vanadium (II) Tetra Hydrate Ajay Agarwal*, Virendra Mishra, Babita Agarwal B.S.A. College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, UP, India

ABSTRACT Preparation and characterization of several hydroxamic acids of 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzohydroxamic acids(TMBHA), N-phenyl–3,4,5-trimethoxy benzohydroxamic acid(PTMBHA), 3,4-dimethoxy benzohydroxamic acid(DMBHA) and N-phenyl-3,4dimethoxy benzohydroxamic acid(PDMBHA) were prepared and reacted with potassium hexathiocynato vandate (II) K4[V(NCS)6].3H2O tetra hydrate. The mixed ligand complexes of hydroxamic acids characterized with the help of repeated melting point identification, by I.R. studies, magnetic moment, molar conductance’s and by elemental analysis (C, H and N). The geometry of complexes were found to be octahedral. On the basis of these facts, the structure of the metal complexes found to be K2 [M(Lʹ)2(L1)2], K3[M(Lʹ)4(L2)], K2[M(Lʹ)2(L3)2] and K3[M(Lʹ)4(L4)]. Keywords: hydroxamic acids, potassium hexathiocynato vanadate (II) and mixed ligand complexes

INTRODUCTION Hydroxamic acids can form metal complexes with a wide range of metals.[1] Hydroxamic acids act as bidentate ligand coordinates as an O, O and O, N donor sites. Hydroxamic acids form typical octahedral complexes with transition metals. The mixed ligand complexes of hydroxamic acids acts as biological and biocidal activities,[2] hypotensive,[3] [4] anticancer, anti-malarial,[5] antituberculosis properties[6] antibiotic,[7] antibiotic antagonist,[8] tumor inhibitor,[9] antifungal agents,[10] pharmaceutical[11] and industrial applications.[12] The introduction of secondary coordinating group like thiocynate does not change the coordination behavior of coordination (O, O) as bridging bis-chelating ligand. Very scanty work has been done with V (II) metal with hydroxamic acids.[13–15] Hence, keeping the above facts in mind, we

thought it is worthwhile to isolate some new complexes of hydroxamic acids with V (II) and thiocynate group as bridging chelating ligand. The interaction of Vanadium and hydroxamic acids gained a special interest owing to their use as bioinorganic model compounds to study their enzymatic interactions.[16] Vanadium has been known as an essential nutritional element that is found in remarkably high concentrations in marine ascidians[17]; in certain mushrooms.[18] Much of the interest is due to insulin mimetic potential role of vanadium,[19–22] therefore new drugs of the vanadium complexes have been proposed to function as potent. Vanadium is physiologically important trace element effective in helping to increase insulin sensitivity. Essential nutritional requirement in higher animals,

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International Journal of Chemical Synthesis & Chemical Reactions Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Identifying Chemical Combination in Consumer Products â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Report Varun Singh Parmar* Department of Pharmacy, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT Chemical are both helpful as well as harmful. When used cautiously under preset and standardized protocols, they carry out several chemical reactions and synthesis. However, many of the products synthesized using chemicals have harmful effects. Many of the everyday use products such as cosmetics, detergents, toothpaste, etc., are composed of chemicals about which we are not aware of. These have several harmful side-effects and long term health issues associated with them. In a recent study, emphasis was laid down to identify the prevalence of individual chemical ingredients in daily use consumer products. Keywords: chemical, harmful, synthesized product

BACKGROUND Chemicals are not only useful in chemical processes; they have some harmful effects also. Humans are exposed to a variety of industrially synthesized products everyday. These include the daily used items such as soaps, toothpaste, shampoos, lotions, creams, make-up materials, body spray, etc. these products contain dozens of chemicals which might not be useful or healthy and rather have associated health risks, either individually or in combination. In a recent research by professors at the University of Illinois School of Information Sciences, an approach was made to determine the prevalence of individual ingredients and their most likely combinations in consumer products [1]. Consumer chemical product implies to those materials that consist of a mixture of chemicals and/or brings about a chemical reaction when used by the consumer [2]. To identify the chemicals present in the daily used consumer products, the researchers used a web-scraping program.

This program could collect name of different products, categories and the several ingredient lists that were used in synthesis of the consumable products. The information and data was retrieved from the online portal of retail sites such as Drugstore.com. This database is now available with details of nearly 39,000 products and above 32,000 ingredient names. Once, the list of ingredients in consumer products was made, next step followed was to solve the problem of chemical synonymy i.e., the exercise of using various names for the same substance. This was important to have accurate counting while inserting the same product name multiple times. Professor Catherine Blake along with his doctoral student Henry Gabb identified 55 potential chemicals related with endocrinedisruption and asthma disorder using the techniques of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis with the objective of determining the level of these chemicals in consumable products.

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International Journal of Chemical Synthesis & Chemical Reactions Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Successful Synthesis of Organic Molecules with Increased Conductivity and Durability Dayananda Singh Konjengbam* Department of Chemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India

ABSTRACT Organic molecules are central to biological and chemical systems. Organic molecules are mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon. These constitute the building blocks for all living organism. Chemists and scientist are curious in synthesizing organic molecules that have increased conductivity and durability. Several techniques have been developed and modified to achieve this target. A novel method has been discussed for synthesis of organic molecules with enhanced conductivity and durability. Keywords: biological, organic, synthesis

BACKGROUND Organic molecules play central role in biological as well as chemical systems. Due to this, their synthesis draws much attention of the scientists from all over the world. Scientists have developed a vast range of methods to synthesize and develop several organic molecules having varying properties and utilization. Organic molecules comprised of single elements have been in synthesis from last several years. These molecules though good polymers are however not ideal charge conductors. Such molecules do not exhibit carriers through which electric charge can pass through. Due to this limitation, they have not been good electric conductors. To modify their property, molecules combined with other metals have been synthesized for use as conductors. This practice has been in exercise from last 50 years. Combination with different metals alters the inherent property of the original molecule enabling generation of charge carriers. This practice however had a major limitation with the stability and durability of the synthesized

molecule. Also, synthesizing pure organic molecules made of a single component requires high pressure of at least 1 giga pascal (GPa) in order to obtain conductive like metal. This is difficult as an ambient pressure was required all the time during synthesis process. It is always important to understand the structure and function relationship while synthesizing an organic molecule with required properties. Also, the control and regulation of the physical and chemical properties related to the targeted structure and function should be taken into consideration. Several properties that are needed to be considered include [1]:  Ionization potential  Electron affinity  Madelung energy  Coulomb energy  Density of state  Fermi level  Chemical potential  Bandwidth  Acidity and basicity  Transfer interaction, etc.

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International Journal of Chemical Synthesis & Chemical Reactions Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Hydroxamic Acids with Potassium Hexathiocyanato Chromium (III) Tetra-hydrate Ajay Agarwal*, Virendra Mishra, Satnam Arora B.S.A College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Some hydroxamic acids e.g. [L1= benzohydroxamic acids (BHA), L2= N-phenyl– benzohydroxamic acid (NPBHA), L3= pivaloyl benzohydroxamic acid (PHA) and L4=Nphenyl-pivaloyl benzohydroxamic acid (PPHA) prepared and reacted with L’=Potassium hexathiocynato chromium (III) tetra hydrate K3[Cr(SCN)6]4H2O. The mixed ligand complexes of hydroxamic acids characterized with the help of repeated melting point, by I.R. studies, magnetic moment, molar conductance and by elemental analysis(C,H and N). The stoichiometry of the complexes were found to be 1:2(M:L) molar ratio. The geometry of complexes was found to be octahedral. On the basis of these facts the structure of the metal complexes found to be K [M(L’)2(L1)2], K2[M(L’)4(L2)], K2[M(L’)4(L3)] and K[M(L’)2(L4)2]. Keywords: hydroxamic acids, mixed ligand complexes, potassium hexathiocynato chromium (III)

INTRODUCTION Hydroxamic acids are the versatile organic compounds possessing biological1 and biocidal activities2-7. It is now evident that these weak acids possess specific biological activities8, that are largely attributed to their complexing properties towards transition metals9-10, their complexing properties toward transitionmetal ions11, food additives12-13, antibiotic antagonists, tumor inhibitors14-15, show significant inhibition of HIV protease in vitro16, antifungal agents17,cell divisions factors, versatile analytical reagents18-19 and several of them have been used as anti-malarial drugs20-21 agents, anti-cancer, antifungal and antibacterial activity, toxilogical, pharmacological importance22 and their –NO releasing properties23-24. Hydroxamic acids have bivalent coordination mode i.e., through the oxygen of deprotonated hydroxamic acids and through carbonyl oxygen atom (O,O) As a result, they are powerful ligand for a

great number of metal ions25-26. The introduction of secondary coordinating group like thiocynate does not change the coordination behavior of coordination (O,O) as bridging bis-chelating ligand27-28. Very scanty work has been done with the Cr (III) metal with hydroxamic acids. The importance of chromium in mammalian metabolism has been studied greatly. Diet deficient in chromium develops a visible eye lesion, which causes opacity29, hence keeping the above facts in mind, we thought it is worthwhile to isolate some new complexes of hydroxamic acids with Cr (III) and thiocynate group as bridging chelating ligand. Chromium compounds enhanced the action of insulin30 outstanding activity is manifested by the chromium complexes extracted from the brewer’s yeast and pork kidney powder. These act as a co-factor in

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20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

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Development

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

« « « «

Nursing

Material Sciences and Engineering

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5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Jul–Dec 2016

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

« « « « «

IJCSCR

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

« « « « «

International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences