International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation vol 2 issue 2 by JournalsPub

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20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

« International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

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Development

International Journal of Water Resources Engineering International Journal of Concrete Technology International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering International Journal of Wireless Network Security International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices International Journal of Software Computing and Testing International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms 5 more...

International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits International Journal of Automatic Control System International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering « International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and 4 more... Circuits « « « «

Nursing « « « « «

IJMHA

Material Sciences and Engineering

International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing

« « « «

International Journal of Energetic Materials International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering 4 more...

« « « «

International Journal of Photochemistry International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry International Journal of Green Chemistry International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering 3 more...

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Mechanical Handling & Automation

Civil Engineering

Architecture

« « « « «

International Journal of

Pollution

Biomaterials International Journal of Plant Biotechnology International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and 3 more... Applications

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

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JUL–DEC 2016

International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation International Journals Publisher

JournalsPub is a multi-disciplinary international journal boosting innovative & eminence research work by Division of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. Launched in 2014 under the support and guidance by our Honorable Editorial Board Members from renowned institutes.

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International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation

International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation provides a forum for publishing original research articles, comprehensive or interdisciplinary reviews on the topics of utmost importance. The journal promotes the exchange of ideas and communicates significant findings of recent or immediate importance that interests the researcher and also contributes to the formative research that is capable of shaping the society. The journal ensures that the experimental and theoretical work under its scope is given equal importance.

Focus and Scope of the Journal 

Design of machine elements,

 Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Robotics  Control panel design and build  Control panel modification  MCC Building  Electrical Wiring Drawings using AutoCAD  PLC Programming  HMI design and programming  Robot control programming  Machine safety systems  Mobile Elevated Work Platform  Safe Loading And Lashing

International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation is published twice a year (bi-annual) by JournalsPub an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd., India. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permission to the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. V. Sugumaran School of Mechanical Engineering and Building Sciences, VIT University, India

Dr. S. Ramabalan Department of Mechanical Engineering, E. G. S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinum, (Tamil Nadu), India

Dr. Mark Ovinis Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

Dr. M. Syed Ali Department of Mathematics, Thiruvalluvar University Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Dinesh Singh G. Thakur Department of Mechanical Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, India

Dr. Wilson Udo Udofia Department of Technical Education, State College of Education, Afaha Nsit, Akwa Ibom State, University of Uyo, Nigeria

Dr Muthuramalingam Thangaraj SRM University, India, India

Dr. Akula venugopal Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 500 607, India, India

Dr. Xiaojun chen Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Dr. Basel Alsayyed Assistant Prof at Mechanical Engineering, UAE University, United Arab Emirates

Mr Atishey Mittal Assistant Profeesor, SRM University, Meerut Road, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201204, India, India

Dr. NATARAJ J.R Dr. Nataraj. J. R Associate Professor Mechanical Engineering Department, R.V. College of Engineering, Mysore Road, Bangalore-59 Mobile: 9901150505, India

Dr. Wang Wei Wang Wei Tianjin University, China

Dr. M. K. Marichelvam Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005, Tamilnadu, India, India

Mr. J. Thanikachalam Assistant Professor (Senior Grade) Mechanical Engineering Department, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Mepco Engineering College Post â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 626 005 Virudhunagar District, Tamilnadu., India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation. This journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Mechanical Handling and Automation from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Mechanical Handling and Automation as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Automation in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, welltime & successfully. International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Design of machine elements, Computer integrated manufacturing and robotics, Control panel design and build, Control panel modification, Electrical wiring drawings using autocad, Robot control programming etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Mechanical Handling and Automation and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Mechanical Handling and Automation community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Mechanical Handling and Automation. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of Journals Pub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Mechanical Handling and Automation. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Evaluation of Design Parameters for Four Stroke Engine Piston C. Chinglenthoiba, V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar

2. A Brief Description on the Role of Water Jet Cutting in Fabrication of Machining Parts S. Sharmila

3. A Research Insight: MEWP Usage and Safety Guidelines Preety Bhadauria

4. A Brief Account on Virtual Prototyping in Designing Mechanical Systems Himanshu Garg

5. Automation Applications to Construct Smart Food Factory Ritika Jaiswal

International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Evaluation of Design Parameters for Four Stroke Engine Piston C. Chinglenthoiba*, V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College, Affiliated to Anna University, Namakkal, Chennai, India

BACKGROUND Intake Stroke On the intake or induction stroke of the piston, the piston descends from the top of the cylinder to the bottom of the cylinder, reducing the pressure inside the cylinder. A mixture of fuel and air is forced by atmospheric (or greater) pressure into the cylinder through the intake port. The intake valve(s) then close.

DESIGN OF ENGINE PISTON We know diameter of the piston which is equal to 50 mm.

Compression Stroke With both intake and exhaust valves closed, the piston returns to the top of the cylinder compressing the fuel-air mixture. This is known as the compression stroke.

Here P – Maximum combustion pressure = 100 bar f – Permissible stress in tension = 34.66 N/mm2 Piston material is aluminium alloy. Therefore, t = 0.050 (3/16 × 100/34.66 × 10⁶/10⁵)½ × 1000 = 12 mm

Power Stroke While the piston is close to Top Dead Center, the compressed air–fuel mixture is ignited, usually by a spark plug (for a gasoline or Otto cycle engine) or by the heat and pressure of compression (for a diesel cycle or compression ignition engine). The resulting massive pressure from the combustion of the compressed fuel-air mixture drives the piston back down toward bottom dead center with tremendous force. This is known as the power stroke, which is the main source of the engine's torque and power. Exhaust Stroke During the exhaust stroke, the piston once again returns to top dead center while the exhaust valve is open. This action evacuates the products of combustion from the cylinder by pushing the spent fuel-air mixture through the exhaust valve(s).

Thickness of Piston The thickness of the piston head is calculated from flat-plate theory where t = D (3/16 x P/f)½

Number of piston rings No. of piston rings = 2 x D½ Here, D-Should be in Inches = 1.968 inches Therefore, No. of rings = 2.805 We adopt 3 compression rings and 1 oil rings Thickness of the ring: Thickness of the ring = D/32 = 50/32 = 1.5625 mm Width of the ring: Width of the ring = D/20 = 2.5 mm The distance of the first ring from top of the piston equals = 0.1xD= 5 mm

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International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation Vol. 2: Issue 2

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A Brief Description on the Role of Water Jet Cutting in Fabrication of Machining Parts S. Sharmila * University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT Modern material processing like water jet cutting is distinctive from the traditional methods in such a way that it does not use a sharp cutting tool to cut materials. Water jet technology uses the principle of pressurizing water to extremely high pressures, and allowing the water to escape through a very small opening called “orifice” or “jewel”. Water jet cutting uses the beam of water exiting the orifice to cut soft materials. Therefore, this method is not suitable for cutting hard materials. In this article, a short description about water jet cutting and its differences over abrasive water jet cutting process. Keywords: machining process, water jet cutting, orifice, soft material, abrasive water jet cutting aerospace industry.

INTRODUCTION Water jet cutting can reduce the costs and speed up the processes by eliminating or reducing expensive secondary machining process. Since no heat is applied on the materials, cut edges are clean with minimal burr. Problems such as cracked edge defects, crystallization, hardening, reduced weald ability and machinability are reduced in this process. The inlet water is typically pressurized between 1300 and 4000 bars. This high pressure is forced through a tiny hole in the jewel, which is typically o.18 to 0.4 mm in diameter. A picture of water jet machining process is shown in Figure 1.[1– 3]

Applications Water jet cutting is mostly used to cut lower strength materials such as wood, plastics and aluminum. When abrasives are added, (abrasive water jet cutting) stronger materials such as steel and tool steel can be cut.[4]

Fig. 1. Water jet cutting. (http://www.waterjets.org/about_abrasivejet s.html).

Advantages of Water Jet Cutting  There is no heat generated in water jet cutting; which is especially useful for cutting tool steel and other metals where excessive heat may change the properties of the material

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International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation Vol. 2: Issue 2

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A Research Insight: MEWP Usage and Safety Guidelines Preety Bhadauria* Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, India

ABSTRACT Needs are recognized as well as drafted in the interest of enhancing operational safety and thus providing standardized products for global use. New standards to address the design, safe use and training needs for mobile elevating work platforms are drafted by various standard development organizations worldwide. MEWPs are considered useful but quite complex pieces of equipment that are often used for access in hazardous areas. People have got serious injuries and many even got killed in accidents due to MEWP operations. The article signifies the important guidelines to carry out work practices on how to use and maintain MEWPs safely. Keywords: hazard management, mobile elevating work platforms, operator, safety guidelines

INTRODUCTION Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) are useful but complex pieces of equipment that are often used for access in hazardous areas. People have been seriously injured and killed in accidents involving MEWPs. The causes of these accidents have included:  equipment failure  not following the manufacturer’s recommendations  inadequate training and supervision  not fully assessing the hazards and risks of the job, site and the equipment

These guidelines may apply to the following activities and industries:[1–3]  arboriculture  building and construction  bush and forest industries  electrical supply and distribution  film and television > plant and machinery hire  port operations  sign writing and advertising  stock picking  railways  telecommunications  warehousing

The guidelines outline the safe work practices on how to use and maintain MEWPs safely and help duty holders meet their obligations under the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 (HSE Act), and the Health and Safety in Regulations 1995 (HSE Regulations). Duty holders include employers, employees, principals, designers and manufacturers, hirers and suppliers engaged in work associated with MEWPs.

This document is based on the current state of knowledge for the safe use of MEWPs. There may be other methods or processes that meet the requirements for providing a safe workplace under the HSE Act. The Best Practice Guidelines for Mobile Elevating Work Platforms are nonindustry specific. Some industries have guidelines that deal with specific problems faced in their working environments, such as the electricity sector or horticulture.

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International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation Vol. 2: Issue 2

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A Brief Account on Virtual Prototyping in Designing Mechanical Systems Himanshu Garg* IEET, Baddi, H. P. University, Shimla, India

ABSTRACT Virtual prototyping is a software-based engineering process that enables modeling the mechanical system, simulating its motion under real operating conditions and, finally, optimizing the system. An important advantage of this kind of analysis/simulation consists in the possibility of make virtual measurements in any point and area of the mechanical system and for any parameter (displacements, velocities, accelerations, forces etc.). Thus, the designers can make quick decisions on any design changes without going through expensive physical prototype building and testing. Here, a brief description various aspects of virtual prototyping in mechanical system designing is presented. Keywords: integration, simulation environment, structural system dynamics, virtual prototyping

INTRODUCTION In mechanical engineering, the concept of transferring of the drawings in the computer was introduced two decades ago. At the same time, major improvements were developed, enabling engineers to move from creating simple, twodimensional drawings, to modeling threedimensional solids. In the last years, on the basis of advanced analysis and simulation (prototyping) software, the designers have the possibility to build models of not just parts but entire mechanical systems, and then to simulate their behavior and optimize the design long before building a physical prototype. Determining the real behavior is a priority in the dynamic analysis of the mechanical systems since the emergence of the computer graphic simulation. Recent publications reveal a growing interest on analysis methods for multi-body systems that may facilitate the self-formulating algorithms, having as main goal the reducing of the processing time in order to make possible real-time simulation. These methods were used to

develop powerful modeling and simulation environments, namely MBS (Multi-Body Systems) programs, which allow building and simulating a computer model of any mechanical system that has moving parts.[1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;3] VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING The mechanical systems analysis and simulation software automatically formulate and solve the dynamic equations of motion taking into consideration the geometric - elastic model of the mechanical system and the constraints in motion (geometric and kinematic constraints). These types of programs were lanced in commercial versions even in the 70â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s but in the last decade a new type of studies were defined through their use: Virtual Prototyping. This technology

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International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Automation Applications to Construct Smart Food Factory Ritika Jaiswal* Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India

ABSTRACT By automating processes that are critical for success, you can increase your performance and reduce the error rate in the value-added process. In production, for example, you can maximize your profits by using raw materials properly. Automated processes can reduce or even prevent an improper use or waste of raw materials. The optimal use of raw materials is critical for your success, as it allows you to reduce the impact of fluctuating prices and to ensure a consistent quality of your products. The highly innovative CSB image processing technology enables fully automated classification and sorting of your raw materials based on defined criteria, which leads to an optimized control of the production and prevention of rejects. Quality assurance in “Real-time Mode” increases the efficiency. Keywords: automation, smart food factory, industry 4.0, digitalization, optimization.

INTRODUCTION Need of Automation in Food Processing Due to the digitalization of production, the automation has undergone major changes that experts refer to as the “fourth industrial revolution” or “Industry 4.0”. It may sound like science fiction, in simple words we can say that, while nowadays systems in the food industry are controlled centrally, in the future, machines and raw materials will use ICT to communicate just like in a social network and organize the production by themselves across company boundaries. The food factory of the future will be intelligent and crosslinked.[1–3]

processes. These solutions provided by CSB include solutions for automated production, online machine and operational data capture, mobile business applications, cloud solutions and RFID. For many years now, software-aided preventive and predictive maintenance, image processing technology and integration of Manufacturing Execution systems in the ERP systems have been an integral part of the day-to-day operations of our customers.

ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF SMART FOOD FACTORY CONCEPT Fully automatic food factories are a vision still, but many elements of tomorrow's production processes are used already today in the food industry. The solution portfolio of the CSB group of companies includes innovative and practice-proven IT solutions that meet the new challenges of a more flexible, more efficient production and intelligently control their



Resource efficiency: intelligent products autonomously inform the machine how they should be produced to achieve the best margin Needs-oriented production: direct integration of individual customer wishes and demand in the order and production process Increase sales through delivery flexibility: your products are delivered quickly and reliably upon request

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Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India E-mail: info@journalspub.com

20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

« International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Nursing « « « « «

IJMHA

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Mechanical Handling & Automation

Civil Engineering

Architecture

« « « « «

International Journal of

Pollution

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

www.journalspub.com

JUL–DEC 2016