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Mr. Hardeep Singh Saini Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indo Global College of Engineering, Mohali, Punjab, India

Dr. Sudhansu Sekhar Singh Professor and Program Head School Of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India

Dr. Vijay Kumar Salviya Director Engineering Institute, & Project Technical Advisor, International R& D Group, India

Dr. Gopinath Palai Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement Engginering College, Bhubaneswar, India

Dr. S Anandamurugan Assistant Professor, Information Technology,Kongu Engineering, Tamilnadu, India.

Kota Chandra Bhushana Rao UCEV-JNTUK Vizianagaram, India

Mr. Rosalio G Artes Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology Andres Bonifacio Avenue, Tibanga, Iligan City, Philippines

Isidro Duran Chairman, BSCS-LEP, College of Computer Science,AGOO, LA UNION, Philippines

Ritesh C Sadiwala RKDF University Bhopal, India

Dr. Mahesh N. Jivani Department of Electronics Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India.

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Dr. Amin Noura University Putra Malaysia, 43300 UPM serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

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Muppala Janardhana Raju Sunrise University, Alwar, Rajsthan, India

Prof. J. Naren Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies. This journal is part of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Electronics issues, from theoretical aspects to applicationdependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Electrical and Electromagnetic Telecommunication technologies, Wavelengthdivision multiplexing, Wired communication, Fiber optics, Digital revolution, Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling, Telecommunications environment, Regulatory and privatization issues in telecommunications, Media management, Telematics and Telemetry. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Congestion Control in WDM Networks Himanshu Monga

2. Implementation of OFDM Using MATLAB and VHDL Nidhi, R.S. Singh, R. Kumar, V.K. Agrawal

3. Quantum Cryptanalysis Using Digital Ant in Pervasive Environment S. Sinha, T. Thomas, V.K. Panchal, D. Santha Devi

4. Cryptography in Wireless Sensor Networks for Security Himanshu Monga

5. A Survey on Secure Authentication Scheme for VANETs Dinesh Tiwari, Mayank Bhushan, Ankit Yadav, Aatif jamshed

International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies

eISSN: 2455-0345 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Congestion Control in WDM Networks Himanshu Monga*

Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

ABSTRACT Because of enormous transmission of information through optical strands, congestion happened routinely and it turned into a major bottleneck to the stream of information in any procedure. Numerous techniques are there to keep away from congestion however those systems for the most part include colossal expense connected with quality certification. These systems are relevant to the zone which is rich in base and assets, however these procedures are extremely hard to execute and satisfactory in territories where assets are less (for instance: poor nations). In this paper we concentrated on building up a superior answer for this issue as to understand blockage issues and to deduct the expense in term of usage by diminishing the gadgets utilized as a part of system setups. We proposed a survivability vital calculation with congestion control in WDM optical system which enhanced blockage hit arrange and will furnish us with great cost cutting as it can be actualized to creating nations because of low costing element. Keywords: congestion control, dynamic routing static routing, wavelength division multiplexing

INTRODUCTION Communication networks influence more people every day, given that new resources of information exchange. Accordingly, traffic demand is rising rapidly (exponentially), mainly due to data-centric applications, as reported by many service providers. Optical fiber has been used as physical medium by many networking technologies, such as SONET, ATM, due to its high bandwidth and low signal degradation.[1] Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a significant method to exploit the huge bandwidth of the optical fiber.[2–4] There has been a wide placement of WDM transmission knowledge in today’s optical networks. WDM is widely used technology in developed countries and is based on the transmission of several light beams of

different wavelength simultaneously through an optical fiber (Figure 1). A wavelength typically operates in hundreds of Mbps or even Gbps needs to be utilized better if the connection request is less than 100 Mbps bandwidth, otherwise there is a tremendous wastage of bandwidth in a fiber for data transmission.[5–9] Though the fiber bandwidth has been improved due to the advancements in fiber-optic technologies and the increase in number of wavelengths in a fiber, there has not been much research in the area of fault tolerance, routing and wavelength assignment. Due to huge transmission of data through optical fibers, congestion occurred regularly and it became big bottleneck to flow of data in process. The commonly used survivability strategy in the optical

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International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies

eISSN: 2455-0345 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Implementation of OFDM Using MATLAB and VHDL Nidhi*, R.S. Singh, R. Kumar, V.K. Agrawal

Department of Electronics and Communication, I M S Engineering College Ghaziabad, UP, India

ABSTRACT Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) could be a digital transmission technique developed to fulfil the growing demand for higher information rates transmission of voice and video signals, which might be utilized in each wired and wireless environments. During a basic communication system, the information is modulated onto one carrier frequency. The obtainable information measure is then completely occupied by every symbol. This sort of system will result in inter-symbol-interference (ISI) just in case of frequency selective channel. The fundamental plan of OFDM is to divide the obtainable spectrum into many orthogonal subchannels so every narrowband subchannel experiences virtually flat attenuation, so the OFDM is turning into the chosen modulation technique for wireless communications. The OFDM will offer massive information rates with adequate strength to radio channel impairments. The digital modulation schemes such quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) was selected to designed OFDM system. In this paper, we have calculated the Bit Error Rate (BER) for measure the performance of this technique, used various values of signal to noise ratio (SNR) using MATLA and VHDL. Keywords: fast Fourier transform, intersymbol interference, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, QAM

INTRODUCTION OFDM may be a special type of multicarrier modulation that is especially fitted to transmission over a dispersive channel. Here the various carriers area unit orthogonal to every different, that is, they are completely freelance of 1 another. The OFDM may be a band modulation scheme that's designed to deal with the issues of the multipath reception. Primarily, the band frequency selective attenuation channel is split into several narrow-band sub channels.[1] If the amount of sub channels is high enough, every subchannel might be thought-about as flat. This can be as a result of we have a tendency to transmit several narrowband overlappin g digital signals in parallel within one wide band. Increasing the amount of parallel transmission channels reduces the

information rate that every individual carrier should convey, which lengthens the image amount. OFDM is strong in adverse channel conditions and permits a high level of spectral potency. It effectively mitigates performance degradations thanks to multipath and is capable of combating deep fades partly of the spectrum. The OFDM wave will be simply changed to regulate to the delay spread of the channel. OFDM will handle giant delay spreads easier due to the independence of the carriers and also the flexibility of variable the cyclic prefix length. OFDM permits economical operation in each frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) mode as terribly short or no pre-ambles area unit required. OFDM may be a combination of

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International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies

eISSN: 2455-0345 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Quantum Cryptanalysis Using Digital Ant in Pervasive Environment 1

S. Sinha1*, T. Thomas2, V.K. Panchal3, D. Santha Devi4

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NSIT Delhi University, New Delhi, India 2 University of Wollongong, Sydney, Australia 3 DRDO, CiRG, New Delhi, India 4 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KIIT Group of Institutions, Gurgaon, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT Nowadays security is providing essential provision to prevent unauthorized or illegal access. It has become an essential part of every framework in electronic age. In the present scenario as the world data in increasing exponentially with time interval, there is an increased threat of malicious data. Hence, security becomes the vital component to make this growing electronic usage leads to a sustainable development in society. Swarm intelligence is an upcoming field; through its stochastic behavior it has the capabilities to solve a greater range of optimization problem. Using the property of Meta heuristic techniques of finding the most optimized solution authors attempted to use them for security purposes. Paper discusses about an agent based meta-heuristic approach to infrastructure cyber defense mechanism where a team of human and software ants mitigate security threat posed in a pervasive environment. The Digital AntsTM system architecture will wander through entire network in identifying the invaders i.e. viruses, Trojan horses etc. Also, the quantum theory is used to generate the polynomial data analogous to pheromone in Ant Colony Optimization. Keywords: agents, DigitalAntsTM, digital pheromone, quantum theory, pervasive environment

INTRODUCTION In this information age many of us has the valuable belongings such as finance, medical histories, digitalized cards, etc. are kept safe behind another digitalized deadbolts. As the world is entering the Golden phase of digitalization, Information Security became the foremost concern and challenge [1]. Despite of strict data encrypting/decrypting algorithms such as SHAW 1, RSA the breach in Information Security is still threatened. Over the time we talk about Internet of Things (IoT) Pervasive Computing Ubiquitous Computing which is a distributed environment. Breach at one place will affect the entire system, hence for strengthening the concept of IoT

security stands as the prime pillar. In a recent article of Forbes discusses how increase in the fraudulent cases has threatened retailers and customers in E Commerce. Science and Technology might be at par in doing discoveries but the Nature stands as a powerful paradigm. It shows the solution to all the problems created by the mankind. This paper discusses the detail concept of Information Security, Nature Inspired Algorithm and how researchers are applying these meta heuristic techniques for the information security specially for the distributed environment.

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International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies

eISSN: 2455-0345 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Cryptography in Wireless Sensor Networks for Security Himanshu Monga*

Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Barnala Road, Sirsa, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT The future developments of the wireless sensor networks and its applications demands for the efficient and secure communication. For the solution of efficient and reliable security needs cryptography algorithms provides good solutions. For providing reliable security schemes mainly data confidentiality now-a-days key management is used. This paper provides a review over cryptography schemes being used to deal with security issues of wireless sensor networks. Keywords: efficient and reliable security, key management, symmetrical and asymmetrical cryptography, wireless sensor networks

INTRODUCTION The first section of this paper provides the introductory concepts of WSN, security issues and requirements. The section II reviews the cryptographic techniques. In section III the reviews for asymmetrical cryptography with key management ideas. Section IV contains the current and future work in asymmetrical cryptography and finally this paper is concluded with section V.

shows the basic scenario of wireless sensor networks application in which a basic network is used to monitor the type of an application whether human body organ monitoring, Adhoc network, temperature control or any other application by using sensor nodes for proving the desired computational demands.

Wireless Sensor Networks A wireless sensor node contains components like storage, processing, sensing and transmission as their main electronic components [1]. The computational power possessed by these electronic components is generally low, but these electronic devices are the main play contributors for computing. The task of these electronic devices is to collect data in a wireless network and pass the collected data by the network between the connecting nodes which work as collective unit [2]. The WSNs are applicable for monitoring human body organs, environmental monitoring, temperature and humidity controlling, vehicle traffic controlling systems (Adhoc), etc. Figure 1

Fig. 1. Wireless sensor network.

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eISSN: 2455-0345 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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A Survey on Secure Authentication Scheme for VANETs 1

Dinesh Tiwari1*, Mayank Bhushan2, Ankit Yadav2, Aatif jamshed3

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India 2 ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad, UP, India 3 Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, UP, India

ABSTRACT In wireless networks, Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET), is one of most recent research area, which is growing day by day. It is utilized to give an efficient Traffic Information System (TIS), Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), and Life Safety. Authentication is n developing issue for VANET security. There are many authentication schemes which have been given for stabilized communication among autonomous entities for efficient, fast, scalable and reliable data transmission. In current scheme, there is not adopted a reallife general solution in the worldwide standard for the autonomous mobile node authentication in VANETs. This paper gives core idea to understand several authentication schemes based on Digital Signature algorithms like Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), Group Signature, Identiy-based (ID-based) Signature Pseudonym scheme, Public Key Infrastructure based, TESLA based, etc. Discussion is also based on designing of new anonymous authentication schemes which are more secure efficient, robust, scalable and cost effective for VANET authentication and provide real-life general solution match with the worldwide standard. Keywords: elliptic curve digital signature algorithm, group-based signature, Identity-based (ID-based) signature, vehicular ad hoc network, vehicular communication *Corresponding Author E-mail: dinesh.tiwari04@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are also known as mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) in Vehicular Environment (see Figure 1). This means a special class of Wireless network for vehicle that supports intelligent transportations systems (ITS), public safety, traffic information, prevent vehicle accidents, etc. [13, 14, 16].

Fig. 1. Vehicular ad-hoc network.

In VANETs, On Board Unit (OBU), is an electronic device integrated with every vehicle, which facilitates communication with other vehicles and also with the infrastructures in the system. OBU consist of processors, directional antennas, GPS unit and sensors for communication to other vehicles. There are two types of communications as shown in Figure 2 which can be seen in VANETs [13, 14, 16]. â&#x20AC;˘ Vehicle to Vehicle communication (V2V): First mechanism is (V2V), in which a autonomous mobile vehicle stabilized communication to other autonomous

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International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies

eISSN: 2455-0345 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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7 1 20 mit icle b rt u S A r u Yo

eISSN: 2455-0345

Applied Mechanics

Mechanical Engineering

5 more...

Chemical Engineering

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1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture

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Computer Science and Engineering

Electrical Engineering

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Nursing « « « « «

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Material Sciences and Engineering

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Biotechnology

Nanotechnology

Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies

Chemistry

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International Journal of

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Physics

Jul–Dec 2016

« International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences