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Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, 6 Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India 1 t E-mail: info@journalspub.com 0 2 mi icle b rt u S A Mechanical Engineering Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and International Journal of Thermal Energy and u Mechanical Behaviour Applications o International Journal of Machine Design and International Journal of Production Engineering Y «

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

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International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of Analysis of Electrical Machines and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are related to Analysis of Electrical Machines. All articles presented here are peer-reviewed and are of good quality.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Permanent magnet DC machines ! Induction and synchronous motors ! High voltage machines ! Power converters and inverters ! Future energy generations ! Electromechanical couple machines ! Electrical machines and power systems ! Motion control and motors ! Nano and Bio-electrical systems

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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr Sabha Raj Arya Department of Electrical Engineering, S.V. National institute of Technology, Surat, India

Manish Kumar Srivastava Department Electrical Engineering, Allahabad Institute of Engineering and Technology, Allahabad, India

Dr. Ganesh Kumar Srinivasan Anna University, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Imayavaramban Munuswamy Power Electronic and Drives Electric Pipeline Corporation, USA

Dr. Sanjevi Kumar Padmanaban Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

Dr. A Rameshkumar Surendra Institute Of Engineering and Management, Dhukuria, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India

Dr. Mallikarjuna Rao Pasumarthi Department Of Electrical Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Vijay Raj Singh Physics, Boston University, Boston, US

Hemant Kumar Nayak Department Of Mechanical Engineering, NIST,Palur Hills, Berhampur, Bhubaneswar, India

Sudhir Pulambrikar Electrical Engineering Department, Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha, India

Vijay Bhuria Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines. This journal is part of the Analysis of Electrical Machines, and is devoted to the scope of present Electrical Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electrical Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electrical Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, welltime & successfully. International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Analysis of Electrical Machines Engineering Permanent magnet DC machines, Induction and synchronous motors, high voltage machines, Power converters and inverters, Future energy generations, Electromechanical couple machines, Electrical machines and power systems, Motion control and motors, Nano and Bio-electrical systems. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Automatic Control System and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electrical Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Analysis of Electrical Machines. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electrical Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electrical Engineering. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Sensorless Direct Torque and Speed Control of BLDC Motor S. Kaliappan, R. Rogini

2. Realistic Equivalent Circuit Analysis of Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor T. Sandhya, K. Sri Chandan, P. Mallikarjuna Rao

3. Increasing the Efficiency of Automobile by Using Nanocolant Ashok Rinwa, Arvind Mahla, Sourabh Soni

4. A Review of Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Solar-Diesel-Grid Connected Power Generation System Rafat Qonain, Imran Khan, Shivley Sageer

5. Output Analysis of Asynchronous Generator-Based Wind Turbines Hitesh Verma, Hemant Kumar Sharma, Girijapati Sharma

6. Fuzzy Logic for Induction Motor Speed Control Dheeraj Joshi, Simmi Sharma

7. Simulation and Modeling of Wind Turbine, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator System and Five Level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter Piyush Jain, Jeetu Khan, Vijay Bhuria

International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Sensorless Direct Torque and Speed Control of BLDC Motor S. Kaliappan, R. Rogini* Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract This paper provides a technical review of sensorless method for controlling Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor drives. The performance and reliability of BLDC motor drivers have been improved because the conventional control and sensing techniques have been replaced through sensorless technology. With the help of SVPWM and PI controller dynamic stability is obtained. This proposed scheme aims to cut down the lower order harmonics and torque ripple in a BLDC motor and attain the stability in no time using sensorless technique. Here sensorless advances are reviewed and recent developments in this area are introduced with their inherent advantages and drawbacks. The study includes a deep overview of the backEMF sensing, which includes Terminal Voltage Sensing, Terminal Current Sensing, BackEMF and PWM strategies. Keywords: BLDC motor, sensorless speed and torque control, SVPWM inverter

INTRODUCTION Today the use of BLDC motor have increased and it’s competing with induction motor and DC motors. Brushless DC motors (BLDC) are variable frequency permanent magnet synchronous motors having very similar torque speed characteristics to that of DC motors that’s why the name Brushless DC came. It has a very wide area of applications due to their higher efficiency and easy control strategies. It requires an electronic circuit for commutation instead of brushes. For controlling the BLDC motors we use three phase converters. In BLDC motors only two phases are supplied and the third phase is kept off. Two phases which are to be supplied is determined on the basis of the position of the rotor. Based on the position of the rotor, switching devices in the inverter are commutated for every 60 degree. Rotor position sensors are used to sense the position of the rotor at every instant of time whereas here sensorless technique is introduced. Inverters are used to convert dc power into ac power in

which controlled ac is the source to BLDC motor. The output voltage and output frequency of the inverter is changed as per our requirement. The output waveform of the inverter depends on the switching state of the inverter. Studies are carried out for meeting the requirement of inverters such as reduce harmonic content in the output, switching frequency of the inverter and better consumption of the available dc voltage. One of the most common methods used for inverter switching is Pulse width modulation (PWM) Techniques.[1,2] In this technique we control the output voltage by varying the on-off time of the switching elements in the inverter. Sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) are the most used techniques today in which Sinusoidal PWM is the simplest and mostly used but it has many flaws. The newly invented Space Vector PWM technique reduces these flaws such as it

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International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Realistic Equivalent Circuit Analysis of Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor T. Sandhya1, K. Sri Chandan2, P. Mallikarjuna Rao1* 1

Department of Electrical Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract The concept of equivalent circuit representation including the end and edge effects of Linear induction motor (LIM) is mandatory to use in analyzing the performance of the machine. In this paper, conventional round rotor theory is extended to the analysis of LIM. The longitudinal end effect and transverse edge effect coefficients are derived which are included in the parameters that are mainly affecting the secondary resistance and the magnetizing reactance. The total primary is sectionalized to show the intensity of the effects at each section with respect to the position/movement of the secondary and developed a new equivalent circuit model. The effect of input frequency and the secondary sheet thickness on the thrust produced by LIM are analyzed. The physical interpretation for the performance degradation due to end, edge and saturation effects is made. Results have been formulated and validated with the existing literature. Keywords: equivalent circuit parameters, linear induction motor (LIM), longitudinal end effect, transverse edge effect, thrust

INTRODUCTION Linear Motion is gaining momentum in the present day automation industry. For the machines utilizing linear motion has proven that conversion efficiency is less. So linear machines are again focused for further investigation. Linear machines are known for their high thrust for shorter stoke play. Because of higher efficiency and shorter stoke play, Linear machines have typical applications like launchers .The principle of Linear machines is classified as Linear Synchronous Machines (LSM), Linear Induction Machines (LIM), Linear Reluctance Machines(LRM). LIM mainly has high initial thrust when compared with other linear motors. The focus of this article is on the design and analysis of LIM. Linear induction

machine (LIM) is more realizable because of its simple structure and low cost. LIM’s are being actively investigated for use as a variety of consumer applications having contributed to an upsurge in interest in linear machines. LIM works on the principle of moving magnetic field i.e., the force is produced by linearly moving magnetic field acting on conductors in the field. Any conductor, be it a loop, a coil or simply a piece of plate metal, that is placed in this field will have eddy currents induced in it thus creating an opposing magnetic field, in accordance with Lenz's law. The two opposing fields will repel 1. ID acte-00111

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International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Increasing the Efficiency of Automobile by Using Nanocolant Ashok Rinwa1*, Arvind Mahla2, Sourabh Soni3 Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sobhasaria Engineering Collage Sikar, Rajasthan, India

Abstract In the developing world there is the demand of efficiency and for the better efficiency of automobile, cooling system play an important role. From the birth of an automobile, we are using air or water for cooling and have many demerits. Now a day we are adding a host component i.e. nanofluids which have higher thermal conductivity. Addition of nanofluid the heat transfer capacity increase by 50–65%. The research is to improve the thermal conductivity of nanofluid is mostly focused. These results, the improvement in thermal conductivity, increase in heat transfer coefficient, increase in surface volume ratio etc. presented in this paper, application of nanofluids as engine radiator cooling, challenges and future scopes of nanofluids have been reviewed. Keywords: cooling system, heat transfer capacity, surface volume ratio

INTRODUCTION In the automobiles, the power were generated by combustion of composite air fuel mixture inside engine only. The power send to the automobile for useful work, but a part of power not used by automobiles and dissipate by exhaust or heat. Heat is not easily removed, so it cause increase in engine temperature, overheating, viscosity breakdown of the lubricating oil, increase in engine component wear. To overcome these the reversers provided the air cooling fan and radiator and the coolant be air or water. But these not much efficient. As the thermal conductivity of metal, non metal and liquid shown Figure 1 the coolant such as air, water, oil, Ethylene glycol are the less heat transfer capacity and the thermal conductivity of the solid is greater than liquid so, dispersion of solid particle in a given base fluid is bounded to increase the thermal conductivity.[4] Then nanofluids project is to reduce the size and weight of HV(heavy

vehicle) cooling system by >10% there by increases fuel efficiency by >5%[1] but it is not enough to increase efficiency. So, USA based research laboratory started to prepare special kind of fluid by suspending the particle size of 1-100 nm in base fluid i.e. "Nano fluid" named by choi in 1995[2] After the choi's concept presented, the researches move toward the nano field further they goes through characteristics like mechanism, structure, application, function, environment impact etc. choi and Eastman have tried for the various metal and their oxide at nano particle size suspended into various based fluid.[2-5] Eastman et al.[4] reported that with base fluid ethylene glycol nanofluids 0.3% concentration of cooper particle can enhanced up to 40% respect to base fluid. Xie et al.[6] nm sized Al2O3 then observed higher thermal conductivity enhanced for longer nano particles in Ethylene glycol base fluid. Wang et al.[7] used Al2O3 particles of size 28 nm in base fluid

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International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A Review of Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Solar-Diesel-Grid Connected Power Generation System Rafat Qonain1*, Imran Khan1, Shivley Sageer2 1

AZAD IET, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India SRMSCET, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract This paper presents Importance of hybrid power system. This paper depicts model and simulation of a renewable energy based hybrid power system for improving power quality because optimal utilization of primary energy sources will increase the level of supply reliability. The combination of Grid, Photo Voltaic (PV) Array System, and Diesel generator systems are used for power generation. Due to variation in output power of solar panel, Diesel engine is also coupled to ensure reliable supply under all conditions. The results shows that the proposed hybrid power system can effectively manage the optimal utilization of primary energy sources and improves the power quality in an islanding as well as grid connected mode. Keywords: diesel grid connected system, homer software, solar photovoltaic, RETs

INTRODUCTION Grid Grid exists as the main power component in this hybrid system. Moreover, grid has the functions as a storage system, so a grid power system does not need a battery.[1-3] Diesel Generator Diesel generator is one of the elements of hybrid system described in this paper. A

diesel generator is an engine which use diesel as the prime mover to generate electric energy. It supplies the load when there is less supply from renewable energy sources than demand for an efficient, continuous, and reliable customers’ energy demand. The following figure, Figure 1 shows the schematic of a diesel generator.

Fig. 1. Schematic of Diesel Generator with Constant Engine Speed.

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International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Output Analysis of Asynchronous Generator-Based Wind Turbines Hitesh Verma, Hemant Kumar Sharma*, Girijapati Sharma Department of Electrical Engineering, BSA College of Engineering & Technology, Mathura, India

Abstract This paper is based on the “The bulk power generation & transmission by the asynchronous generator based wind turbines”. In modern scenario wind turbines farm are also considered as a bulk power generation plants. In this configuration the turbine is allowed to rotate at its optimal aerodynamic speed, resulting in a wild AC output from the machine. The simulation proves the excellent result as the performance of wind turbine during healthy condition. Keywords: AG (asynchronous generator), WT (wind turbine), GSC (generator side converter), RSC (rotor side converter)

INTRODUCTION However the renewable energy conversion into electrical energy by high efficiency is not so easy. Electrical power generation from solar & wind is the most prominent example of renewable energy system. The wind energy has its origin in mechanical movements of the air, a wind turbine is electromechanical converter thus the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. The wind turbine generators are formed by various rating machines from KW to several MW, with limited speed control by using modern power electronic devices.[1-5] Over the past three decades, the high penetration of wind power in power systems has been closely associated with the progress of wind turbine technology and control methods of wind turbine.[6-10] The output of the Wind Power Plant is based upon the characteristics & efficiency of the wind turbine generators, such that the controllability of the generator also plays a vital role. In this paper efforts are done to compensate the variability of wind turbine and optimize the proper

characteristic & maximum efficiency of the wind turbine generator.[11-15]. Through the model developed in this paper it is expected to be used for the simulation of all types of induction generator configuration. Induction machine is modeled in vectorised form in the synchronous reference frame. A complete simulation model is developed for the induction machine in wind power generation systems in operation speed changing devices using MATLAB Simulink software. WIND ENERGY SYSTEM The wind turbine operation is based on two very well-known processes. The first one covers the conversion of kinetic energy of air into mechanical energy. It is accomplished by means of aerodynamic rotor blades and a typical methodology of mechanical power control. The other process is electromechanical energy conversion through a generator, which is transmitted to the grid.

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International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Fuzzy Logic for Induction Motor Speed Control Dheeraj Joshi*, Simmi Sharma Electrical Electronics Engineering Department, DTU, Delhi, India

Abstract Induction motor is an electrical machine which is used in industrial applications like hybrid vehicles, paper and textile mills, robotics and wind generation systems. These applications utilize inherent advantages of induction motor such as its simple construction, robustness, reliability, low cost and low maintenance needs. Most of its applications require control techniques. This paper presents an intelligent speed control method based on fuzzy logic. A rule based Mamdani type fuzzy logic controller is applied. Fuzzy logic toolbox is used as software development tool. Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Induction motor, Simulink, Speed control.

INTRODUCTION The main advantage of fuzzy logic controller when compared to the conventional controller is that no mathematical model is required for the controller design. Induction motors have competed with dc motors and have replaced them in high-performance control areas. Like in DC motors, the fieldoriented control made induction motor drives are similar to separately excited DC motor drives in the independent control of flux and torque by means of coordinate transformation and rotor flux vector orientation.[1-3] Most of the electromechanical actuators in industry are driven by induction motors. An induction motor is widely used due to its ruggedness, price, ease of maintenance and reliability.[4-6] However, the induction motor possess non-linear and time varying dynamic interactions.[4] A large amount of variable speed drives and industrial applications use induction motor in V/Hz ratio control mode.[7] An interesting problem is how best to implement the intelligent control for these issues.FLC can be successfully used to control complex

systems where precise modelling is difficult. It has been analyzed that that dynamic performance of electric drives as well as robustness with respect to parameter variations can be improved by adopting the nonlinear speed control techniques like those provided by fuzzy control. On fuzzy set theory, the most important fuzzy inference system methods are Mamdani[8] and T-S.[9] Mamdani method is intuitive and it is well suited to human knowledge meanwhile T-S method is computationally efficient and it is suited with mathematical analysis.[10,11]

FLC has proven effective for complex, non-linear and inaccurately defined processes for which standard model based control techniques are impractical or impossible. This paper shows how to use fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB to solve an induction motor problem and also compares the results obtained by FLC with theoretically obtained values.

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International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Simulation and Modeling of Wind Turbine, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator System and Five Level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter Piyush Jain*, Jeetu Khan, Vijay Bhuria Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract In the wind energy conservation system, the wind turbine captures the wind energy. Then the generator changes it to the electrical power. Wind turbines are classified into two types as fixed speed wind turbine and variable speed wind turbine. Variable speed wind turbines yield more energy than the fixed speed wind turbines, reduce power fluctuations. This paper presents the model and control schemes of a variable speed wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator. This model includes a PMSG model, a wind turbine model, a drive train model, three phase diode rectifier, dc to dc boost converter and three phase diode clamped inverter. The power conversion system topology is explained and electrical model of each component is presented. Based on this electrical model, a simulation model of system has done. The simulation was implemented in power system simulation tools in MATLAB SIMULINK. Keywords: diode clamped multilevel inverter, PMSG, renewable energy, variable speed wind turbine, wind energy conversion system

INTRODUCTION As we all know due to environment concern the Wind based systems are mostly used in the field of power generation. Hence, a vast Research is going on to increase the power and efficiency of wind power plant and decrease the cost and losses of the system. Wind power mainly depends on weather and geographic conditions and varies from time to time. Hence it is necessary to construct a system that can generate maximum power for all operating conditions Modern wind turbines are very advanced machine they can generate power for all operating conditions. Two configurations used for wind energy conversion system: (i) standalone system, (ii) grid connected systems. In standalone

systems direct load is supplied it is mainly used in the remote areas and in grid connected systems power is fed to the grid and then distributed to the load. Utility system guarantees a backup power in situations where wind availability is insufficient.[1,2] As the penetration of wind power increases, integrating large wind farms to power grids and the relevant influences on the host grids needs to be carefully investigated. So, accurate and reliable model of variable speed wind turbine generators are urgently needed for power system simulation analysis. In order to achieve variable speed operation, a power electronic converter interface is used to connect the generator to the grid as

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

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2 more...

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Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

Nursing « « « « «

Analysis of Electrical Machines JAN – JUNE 2016 IJAEM

Material Sciences and Engineering

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5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

International Journal of

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

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