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Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, 6 Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India 1 t E-mail: info@journalspub.com 0 i e l 2 m ic b rt u S A Mechanical Engineering Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and International Journal of Thermal Energy and u Mechanical Behaviour Applications International Journal of Machine Design and International Journal of Production Engineering Yo «

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

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Signals

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Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

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International Journal of Water Resources Engineering International Journal of Concrete Technology International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning

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International Journal of Energetic Materials International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering 4 more...

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Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Achyut Kumar Panda Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Odisha, India

Dr. Saikat Kumar Seth Department of Physics, M. G. Mahavidyalaya Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.

Dr. Natarajan Rajamani Director, Reprocessing Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India

Dr. Rose Philo St.Paul's College, Kalamassery, Kochi, Kerala, India

Prof. Rajneesh Dutt Kaushik Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

Prof. Velluru Sridevi Department of Chemical Engineering, A.U.College of Engineering, Andhra University, India

Dr. Somnath Roy Department of Chemistry, Ananda Chandra College, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India

Dr. Pradeep Kumar Rana Department of BSH, GIET Gunupur, Odisha, India

Dr Anuja Chauhan Arni University, Kathgarh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India

Dr. Mohammed Shaheer Malik CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, India

Dr. Faiyazalam Mahmadsaiyad Shaikh Navnirman Science College, Surat, Gujarat, India

Dr. Vidyavathi A. Shastry Professor & Head, Department of Chemistry, SEA College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Dr. Sameena Bano Jamia Hamdard, Delhi, India

Dr. Ajit Manharlal Bhavsar Dishman Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Dr. Monika Gupta P.G. Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu, India

Prof. (Dr.) Amita Somya M.S. Engineering College, Visvesarya Technological University, India

Dr. L Ammayappan National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology, West Bengal, India

Dr. Pramendra Kumar M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. P.A. Pawar Department of Chemical Technology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, India

Dr. Roya Mohammad zadehkakhki Department of Chemistry, University of Gonabad, Gonabad-Iran, Islamic Republic of Iran

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. M. R. Jayapal Department of Chemistry, Narasaraopeta Engineering College Narasaraopeta, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Kaman Singh Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Tanveer Alam Techno commercial Director UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Oman

Dr. Nagham Mahmood Department of Chemistry, Iraq

Dr. Ajai Prakash Gupta Quality Control & Quality Assurance, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India

Dr. Bipin J. Agrawal Department of Textile Chemistry, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda (Vadodara), Gujarat, India

Dr. Wilson Mbiti Njue Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya, Kenya

Dr. Feyzullah Tokay Expert Dr. BalĂ˝kesir University, Research Center of Applied Sciences, Turkey

Dr. Dinesh Nivrutti Navale Department of Chemistry,Vivekanand Education Society's College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Chembur, Mumbai, India

Dr. Sandeep Rai GRP Ltd., Panoli, Bharuch Visiting Professor, SRICT, Vataria, Ankleshwar, India

Dr. Annapurna Nowduri Department of Engineering Chemistry, A. U. College of Engineering (Autonomous), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Chennamsetty Subramanyam Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry. This journal is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present analytical chemistry issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Analytical and Applied Chemistry as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the analytical chemistry Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in analytical chemistry in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Electrochemistry, photo-electrochemistry, medicinal chemistry and organometallic chemistry. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of analytical chemistry and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the analytical chemistry community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of analytical chemistry. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for analytical chemistry readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of analytical chemistry. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Micellization Investigations of Meristyl Alcohol Based Bis-Sulfosuccinate Gemini Surfactant with Anionic and Nonionic Conventional Surfactants Vinayika Singh, Rashmi Tyagi

2. Physico-Chemical Study of Rani Pond Water in Winter Season-2015 of Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh, India Omprakash Gupta, Dinesh Kumar Singh, Manoj Kumar Solanki, Sateesh Kumar Mishra

3. Guar Gum and Its Graft Copolymers: An Overview Sandeep Rai, Nilesh Singh, Akshita Rai

4. Chitosan: Chemistry, Applications & Economics of Production - A Review Sandeep Rai, K. Satish Kumar, Jinkal Mistry, Nilesh Singh, Akshita Rai GRP Limited, Panoli, Bharuch, Gujarat, India

5. Generating Fuel from Plastic: Recent Report Amit Agnihotri

International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Micellization Investigations of Meristyl Alcohol Based BisSulfosuccinate Gemini Surfactant with Anionic and Nonionic Conventional Surfactants Vinayika Singh*, Rashmi Tyagi Department of Chemistry, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract Micellization studies have been carried out to investigate the mean aggregation number of aqueous solution of newly synthesized bis-sulfosuccinate gemini surfactant based on meristyl alcohol (BSGSMA1,4) using flexible spacer as methylene chain (CH2)4. The methylene chain was introduced via α,ω-dibromo butane in the reaction. The present study explored the effect of prepared gemini toward the two well recognized conventional surfactants, i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X 100 in mixed micelles of binary systems. The measurements were carried out with the help of steady state fluorescence technique. From the study, it was observed that the value of N for pure BSGSMA1,4 (3*CMC) was enhanced from N = 14 to 32 for mixed BSGSMA1,4 + SDS (3*CMC) system and suppressed (N = 12) for mixed BSGSMA1,4 + Triton X 100 (3*CMC). As concentrations of SDS (5*CMC) and Triton X 100 (40*CMC) were increased in mixed systems, the value N was also enhanced for both systems and found to be 57 and 33, respectively. The results revealed the more favorable micellization behavior of gemini BSGSMA1,4 toward the SDS as compared to Triton X 100 and also exhibited the good synergism behavior of prepared gemini with conventional anionic surfactant (SDS) even at a lower concentration, i.e., 3*CMC. Keywords: aggregation number, anionic bis-sulfosuccinate gemini surfactant, mixed systems

INTRODUCTION Gemini surfactants are the amphiphilic molecules which have two hydrophilic head groups and two hydrophobic tail groups separated by a covalently attached spacer. On the other hand, conventional surfactants represented by a single hydrophobic tail connected to an ionic or polar head group. Gemini surfactants exhibited good surface active properties like excellent surface activity, good water solubility, low CMC value, better foaming as compared to conventional surfactants. Therefore, researchers always attract toward the studies of gemini surfactants.[1] Sulfosuccinate surfactants are known as industrial consumable surfactants and used

in numerous fields such as cosmetics, textile, polymers, paints and coating, leather, printing, and agriculture.[2] The huge applications of these surfactants are mainly due to their admirable performance properties such as foaming, emulsifying, solubilizing properties, and excellent surface active properties viz. low critical micelle concentration, high effectiveness in reducing surface tension, and biodegradability.[3] Many researchers investigated the mixed surfactant study[4,5] of anionic gemini surfactants with some conventional surfactants. Fluorescence technique is widely used to determine the

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International Journal of Analytical & Applied Chemistry Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Physico-Chemical Study of Rani Pond Water in Winter Season2015 of Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh, India Omprakash Gupta1, Dinesh Kumar Singh2, Manoj Kumar Solanki3*, Sateesh Kumar Mishra4 1

Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College, Rewa, M.P., India Department of Geology, Govt. Engineering College, Rewa, M.P., India 3 Department of Chemistry, Govt. Engineering College, Rewa, M.P., India 4 Department of Chemistry, G.K. Memorial College of Pharmacy, Chakghat, M.P., India 2

Abstract This paper presents to physico-chemical study of Rani pond water in winter season-2015 of Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh, India. We are analysed to change in physical and chemical properties of Rani pond water due to season. The variable data of samples are within prescribed limits as suggested by World Health Organisation (WHO), Indian Standard (ISI) and BIS desirable limit for drinking water for drinking purpose. Seasonal variation in physical and chemical parameters like temperature, turbidity, colour, odour, test, pH, total hardness, calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg+2), total alkalinity, chloride (Cl), TDS, sulphate (SO42), etc. were data study for a period of year 2015 (winter). Some parameters were found in some limits. Keywords: Madhya Pradesh India, physico-chemical study of pond water, seasonal analysis of pond water Rewa, study of pond water

INTRODUCTION All life on earth depends on water, fresh water is a critical, finite, vulnerable, renewable natural resource on the earth and plays as important role in our living environment without it life is impossible. India is endowed with rich water resources. Ponds water has a more constant chemical composition and some types of impurities dissolved in pond water. Pond water are polluted due to impurities and different types of pollutants dissolved in water. The Rewa district pond water quality evaluated on the basis of dissolved some minerals, salts, impurities, etc. In this paper, results of the study of river waters for temperature, turbidity, colour, odour, test, pH, total hardness, calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg+2), total alkalinity, chloride (Cl), TDS, sulphate

(SO42), etc. In this study, analysis of River water for a year of 2015 (winter) Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India. Rani pond water samples are indicated by sample 1 and sample 2 in Table 1 given below.[1,2] MATERIAL AND METHODS The pond water sample were collected during the winter season of year 2015 in the month of October from Rewa city, Madhya Pradesh. Material requirement for sampling and analysis of water of Itinerary for the trip, personnel and sample transport arrangement, area map, site location map, icebox, weighted bottle sampler, D.O. sample, D.O.D. bottles, sample containers (including bacteriological sample containers), heavy metals, D.O. fixing and traction chemical and glassware, tissue papers, thermometer, field measurement

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International Journal of Analytical & Applied Chemistry Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Guar Gum and Its Graft Copolymers: An Overview Sandeep Rai1,2*, Nilesh Singh1, Akshita Rai3 1

GRP Limited, Panoli, Bharuch, Gujarat, India Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, Vataria, Bharuch, Gujarat, India 3 Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Anand, Gujarat, India

Abstract Guar gum, a naturally occurring polysaccharide, is being widely used in numerous applications. Guar gum is modified by graft copolymerization to improve upon properties. Grafting is an innovative method to produce a new class of semi synthetic polymeric materials. In grafting, while the original properties of polymer remain intact, some additional and useful properties are incorporated. Natural polymers are available in huge quantities on Earth, since billions of years. Guar gum is a versatile natural polymer and is used as food and medicinal plants. In this review, an attempt is being made to bring the insights on guar gum and its graft copolymers. Keywords: Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, graft copolymers, guar gum, % grafting and grafting efficiency, polymer, polysaccharide

INTRODUCTION There has been a considerable thrust in the growth and consumption of polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose, alginate, chitosan, guar gum, etc., for variety of applications in the field of biomedical and pharmacology. This is because of their properties like sustainability, biodegradability and biosafety. The primary aim of this review article is on guar gum (GG) chemistry, its production and applications. The review article also highlights few latest developments of Guar Gum graft copolymers for different applications. GG is a naturally occurring non-ionic polysaccharide of high molecular weight (approximately 50,000–8,000,000). It is derived from the guar seed Cyamopsis tetragonolobus. This plant is grown mainly in India and Pakistan and is being used as an edible food item also. It finds

application in various industries as viscosity builder, stabilizer, emulsifier and water binder. Guar gum is a non-ionic branched chain natural polymer. It consists of straight mannose units joined by β-D (1→4) linkage having β-D galactopyranose units to this linear chain by (1→6) linkages. The ratio of mannose to galactose units ranges from 1.6:1.0 to 1.8:1.0, possibly because of climatic variation.[1–3] In cold water, guar gum forms a viscous, colloidal dispersion. It is often used as a viscosity builder and water binder in different industries like mining, textiles, paper, petroleum, explosives, etc. (Figure 1)[4] MANUFACTURE OF GUAR GUM Guar gum, known as Gum cyamopsis or guar flour, is derived from the ground

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International Journal of Analytical & Applied Chemistry Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Chitosan: Chemistry, Applications & Economics of Production A Review Sandeep Rai1,2*, K. Satish Kumar1, Jinkal Mistry1, Nilesh Singh2, Akshita Rai3 1

GRP Limited, Panoli, Bharuch, Gujarat, India Shroff S.R Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, Vataria, Bharuch, Gujarat, India 3 Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Changa, Anand, Gujarat, India

Abstract Chitosan is a natural poly-cationic linear polysaccharide derived from chitin and also known as de-acetylated chitin. It is derived from partial de-acetylation of chitin. Its low solubility in neutral and alkaline solution limits its application. Chitosan’s chemical modification brings to it new reactive functional properties for different applications. Because of biocompatibility, non-toxicity, low allergenicity and biodegradability, it is used in various applications .This review paper presents the chemistry, literature review of properties, applications and economics of production of chitosan.

INTRODUCTION Chitosan is composed of β-(1-4)-linked Dglucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine randomly distributed within the polymer. Chitosan is cationic in nature, while majority of polysaccharides are either neutral or negatively charged in an acidic environment. This property of chitosan allows forming electrostatic complexes or multilayer structures with other negatively charged natural or synthetic polymers [1]. Chitosan is reported to have various biological properties, such as antitumor [2], antimicrobial [3], and antioxidant [4] activities. The degree of de-acetylation (Molar fraction of de-acetylated units or % de-acetylation) and the molecular weight of chitosan, were found to affect its biological properties [5]. Chitosan is widely used for different biological and biomedical applications such as in water treatment [6], wound-healing materials [7], pharmaceutical excipient or drug carrier [8], obesity treatment [9] and as a scaffold for tissue engineering [10]. There is increased interest in pharmaceutical as well as biomedical applications of chitosan

and its derivatives and significant development has been achieved.

Fig.1: Chemical structures of cellulose, chitin, and chitosan [11] Different Structural Conditions of Chitosan [12] 1) Flakes: Chitosan flakes are mostly used for the research studies, since they are easier to manage than gelled materials. However, the major limiting parameter with flaked material is the size of chitosan particles due to diffusion restrictions. 2) Gel beads: Gel beads are mainly used for the preparation of catalyst particles.

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International Journal of Analytical & Applied Chemistry Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Generating Fuel from Plastic: Recent Report Amit Agnihotri* Department of Chemical Engineering, ITM, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Plastics have become a part of our daily lives rom packaging, to bags and soda bottles. They are not only unsafe but their increased accumulation can cause big effects on our environment. Plastic products are found almost everywhere clogging the waterways, oceans, forests, and other natural habitats that have animals who mistake harmful plastic products for food. They constitute nearly 10 % of daily discarded waste. The problem is that they break down very slowly, which means they are piling up in landfills and serving as the source material in artificial island creation in our seas.

kind, but until now have not been able to find a means for doing so that is both inexpensive and accessible. However, some success is being achieved in this area and scientists are looking forward to improvise it further. This new method involves mixing the plastics with an organometallic catalyst which is made by mixing readily available molecules that are doped with iridium metal. This reaction causes weakening of the bonds that hold the plastic together, allowing it to be easily torn apart.

Due to the use of chemical additives during plastic production, plastics have potentially harmful effects that could prove to be carcinogenic or promote endocrine disruption. Some of the additives are used as phthalate plasticizers and brominated flame retardants.

The broken pieces can later be used to create a diesel-like fuel which could be used to power vehicles and other motors.

In a recent research, a new way to degrade ordinary plastics and create fuel has been reported.

This new method of plastic degradation is not only easy to perform, but is quite inexpensive too.

A team of researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of California have published in the journal Science Advances about this new finding.

However, there still remains a question if it is scalable or not. Also, as iridium is too expensive, it is not feasible to obtain it in sufficient quantities. The team is looking for other ways to make this method more practical and available for commercial use. In an effort to find alternatives for degrading plastic materials, we can hope to have a cleaner environment in future.

Scientists have been looking for new ways to degrade plastics, especially polyethylene which is the most common

The scientists also claim that burning this fuel is also cleaner than burning other combustible materials.

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

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Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

« « « «

Nursing « « « « «

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JAN – JUN 2016

Material Sciences and Engineering

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5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

International Journal of

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences