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International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology

International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology is a peer-reviewed journal that focuses on the recent advancement in the field of Nanotechnology and its Application.

Focus and Scope of the Journal 

Synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

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Quantum structure and nanodevices

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Modeling and computations of nanostructure

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Nanoscale science and technology

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Nanofabrication, nanoprobes

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Nanostructures

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Nanoelectronics

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Nano-optics

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Nano-mechanics

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Nanodevices

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Nanobiotechnology

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Nanomedicine

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EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Kalaivani Thirunavukarasu Assistant Professor (Sr. Grade) SRM University, India

Dr. Alagiri Swamy Asst. Professor (Sr. Grade), India

Dr. Swapnadip De Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology, India

Dr Gurudeeban Selvaraj BioMed Research Management Services, India

Dr. Jay Singh Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India

Dr. Naba Kumar Mondal The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India

Sushama Talegaonkar Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), India

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Dr. Suresh Kumar Kailasa S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), India

Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan CSIR-Central Food Technological research Institute, Mysore, India

Dr. Lavanya Khanna Thapar University, Patiala, India

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Swapnil C. Gaikwad Department of Biotechnology SGB Amravati University, Amrvati (MS), India

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Dr. Dinesh Kumar National Research Centre for Citrus, India

Dr. Chaitanya Lakshmi G Sapthagiri College of Engineering, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Neeraj Dilbaghi Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India

Dr. Sanjay Kumar Raghuvanshi Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines Dhanbad, (Jharkhand), India

Dr. Arup Kumar Rana Group Leader, Jute Reinforced Composite Group, Indian Jute Industries' Research Association (IJIRA), Kolkata

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Former Dean, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, and Professor & Head, Department of Physics Ch. Charan Singh University Meerut, India

Dr. Sushama Narkhede Institute of Science, Nagpur University, Nagpur, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology. This journal is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Nanotechnology issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Applied Nanotechnology as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Nanotechnology science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International journal of Applied Nanotechnology in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Nanotechnology in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Nanoscale science and technology, Nanofabrication, Nanostructures, Nanoelectronics, Nano-optics, Nanodevices, Nanobiotechnology, Nanomedicine, Nanotoxicology. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Nanotechnology and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Applied Nanotechnology community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Nanotechnology. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Nanotechnology readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Nanotechnology. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. A Review on Nano-Vibratory Beam Gyroscope and Its Concept Varun Aggarwal

2. Nanoparticles to Control Stranded Packing of DNAs P.V. Komarov

3. Polymeric and Modified Nanofibers and Its Application Monika Sharma, Varun Bansal

4. Blend and Characterization of Ether Containing Tetraglycidyl Epoxy Reinforced With Amine Functionalized Graphene Oxide (F-Go) and Its Nanocomposites Manoj Kumar

5. Application of Nanoprobes in Sensing Disease Detection Shalini Sharma, Rajni Bisht

International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology eISSN: 2455-8524 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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A Review on Nano-Vibratory Beam Gyroscope and Its Concept Varun Aggarwal* Department of Mechanical, NIT, Rourkela, Odisha, India

ABSTRACT This paper exhibits the displaying and investigative recreation undertaking of a nanocantilever bar whirligig. Smaller scale/nanowhirligig as a successful rate estimation sensor is of extraordinary significance in a few cutting edge types of gear including air ships, satellites and even in little cameras. A few sorts of such whirligigs are being used and different research recreations were performed throughout the most recent one decade. Contrasted with tuning fork and ring sort, the pillar sort whirligigs are moderately simple to utilize and the coupled elements can be determined helpfully. Much the same as, a resonator, the initial step is to know the static draw in conduct relating to a given geometry. At the point when the time facilitate is truant, it is alluded to as static issue. Static haul in examination is done by considering the intermolecular and electrostatic strengths. Show results are delineated as charts. Keywords: coupled dynamic equations, nanobeam gyroscope, static pull behavior

INTRODUCTION Gyrator is a precise rate sensor having wide application in the field of car, military administrations, aviation and shopper gadgets enterprises. Today, silicon miniaturized scale machined vibratory gyrators have capacity to work in low recurrence run however they experience the ill effects of issues like low data transmission and predisposition soundness. Nanobar vibratory gyrator is more precise than optical and mechanical sorts. Nanopillar vibratory whirligig has generally little size, light weight, low power utilization and minimal effort. Because of their points of interest, for example, straightforwardness and simple to create from miniaturized scale apparatus, a few late works concentrated on bar sort gyrators relating their displaying and detecting issues. Katz et al. have demonstrated that the warm commotion is lower for long vibrating shaft whirligig.[1] Jiashi et al. studied the

flexural vibration of a beam which is rotating about its axis and having surfacebonded piezoelectric films.[2] Yu et al. constructed thin and short cantilevers having high resonance frequency and low force constant.[3] Seok et al. performed the sensitivity and bandwidth analysis for an angular rate sensor vibratory beam having square cross-section.[4] Esmaeili et al. represented performance evaluation and dynamic modeling under general support motion of a vibrating beam microgyroscope.[5] Bhadbhade et al. showed analysis of a vibratory beam gyroscope having cantilever beam with end tip-mass possessing torsional-flexural vibration mode.[6] Asokanthan and Cho studied the dynamic stability under rate fluctuations of vibratory beam [7] gyroscope. Feil et al. presented an adaptive control algorithm for Z-axis gyroscope sensor.[8] Ghommem et al. developed the detailed modeling and performance analysis of micro beam

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International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology eISSN: 2455-8524 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Nanoparticles to Control Stranded Packing of DNAs P.V. Komarov* Faculty of Chemistry, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

ABSTRACT We report here on new optic and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements concerning the formation of the dispersions from double-stranded (ds) DNA molecules, doped with negatively charged gold nanoparticles (nano-Au). The nano-Au fixation nearby the surfaces of linear ds DNA in solution of high ionic strength (0.3 M NaCl) and subsequent phase exclusion of (ds DNA-nano-Au) complexes from solution containing poly(ethylene glycol) results in decrease in the amplitude of abnormal negative band in the circular dichroism spectra of the formed cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersions (CLCD). Besides, doping of linear ds DNA with nano-Au and phase exclusion of the formed (ds DNA-nano-Au) complexes does not accompanied by alteration in the standard structural parameters obtained from SAXS data which reflect local ordering of ds DNA molecules, but results in the decrease in the amplitude of the characteristic Bragg maximum. Our experimental data, supplemented by a simple model numeric computations of screened (in the water-salt solution of high ionic strength) electrostatic energy for ds DNA molecules and negatively charged but polarizable nano-Au, suggest that doping of ds DNA with negative charged nano-Au results in an appearance of a population of "modified" by nano-Au ds DNA molecules. These molecules, in contrast to the free ds DNA molecules, lose an ability to form spatially twisted structure at phase exclusion and instead of ordered spatial structure of ds DNA CLCD only random disordered aggregates are obtained. Keywords: circular dichroism, liquid-crystalline dispersions, negatively charged gold nanoparticles, phase exclusion of linear DNA, small-angle X-ray scattering

INTRODUCTION During the last few years double-stranded (ds) DNA spatially twisted (cholesteric) liquid-crystalline dispersions (CLCD) doped with metallic nanoparticles (such as gold nanoparticles (nano-Au) or cobalt ferrite nanoparticles) have attracted a lot of experimental and theoretical attention motivated by their potential applications and nontrivial biological consequences [16]. It is well established that the physicochemical properties of ds DNA CLCD reflect some properties of these macromolecules in biological objects such as chromosomes of primitive organisms (for instance, the chromosomes of the Dinoflagellate) and DNA-containing viruses [7, 8]. Hence, doping ds DNA

CLCDs with nano-Au is of interest to both biologists and researchers in the area of nanotechnology. Indeed, a study of the effect of nano-Au on the properties of DNA CLCD may be useful for establishing the reasons for the genotoxicity of nano-Au [9–11]. Nanotechnologically, the treatment of DNA liquid-crystalline dispersions by nano-Au may lead to the formation of new materials with unique properties [12]. The properties of linear single-stranded and ds DNA molecules containing of

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International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology eISSN: 2455-8524 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Polymeric and Modified Nanofibers and Its Application Monika Sharma*, Varun Bansal Chemistry Department, Jaypee Institute of Technology, Noida, India

ABSTRACT Polymeric nano-fiber based materials and their application is one of the research areas in materials science and nanotechnology. Nano-fibrous materials are receiving extensive research interest for applications in diverse fields as biosensors, optical and chemical sensors, stimuli-responsive or "smart" materials, bioreactors, drug delivery carriers, antibacterial materials, tissue engineering scaffolds, clean energy, electronic and semiconductive materials, reinforced nano-composites, affinity membranes, etc. This is because of their important and interesting characteristics such as a very high surface area to volume ratio, tunable void volume fraction and inter-fiber space, flexibility in surface functionalities, good mechanical performance and malleability to construct a wide variety of nano-fiber based materials including beaded, ribbon, porous, and core-shell nano-fibers. Electrospinning or electro-static spinning is the most considered technique for fabrication of nanofibers. Synthetic and biopolymers, polymer blends, melts, nano-particle or drug-impregnated polymers, and ceramic precursors have been successfully used to produce electro-spun nanofibers. Because the surface chemical and physical properties of the nano-fibers play an important role for a specific application, various surface modification techniques have been applied. A variety of bioactive molecules including anti-cancer drugs, enzymes and polysaccharides have been physically immobilized on the surface of nano-fibers. Keywords: nanofiber, polymer, surface

INTRODUCTION Fiber materials with diameters within the nanometer range when compared with micro-scale materials have several important characteristics such as a very high surface area to volume ratio, which for a nano-fiber can be as large as 103 times that of a microfiber, tunable void volume fraction or "porosity", inter-fiber space or "pore size" ranging from ten nanometers to several micrometers, flexibility in surface functionalities, good mechanical performance and malleability to construct a wide variety of fiber sizes, shapes as well as the formation of different tailored membranes [1]. Polymer nanofibers have been fabricated using physical, chemical, thermal and electrostatic

techniques such as drawing [2], template synthesis [3], liquid-liquid phase separation [4], self-assembly [5], vaporphase polymerization [6], and electrospinning or electrostatic spinning [1]. This last technique is the most popular and preferred to use for preparation of polymeric nano-fibers because of its simplicity, versatility, economics (i.e. cost effective) and scale-up. Moreover, it is also employed to organize nano-fibers of various types (e.g. porous, hollow and core/sheath) into well-defined arrays or hierarchical architectures in threedimensional network. Different fiber morphologies have been fabricated, such as beaded, ribbon, porous, and core-shell

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International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology eISSN: 2455-8524 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Blend and Characterization of Ether Containing Tetraglycidyl Epoxy Reinforced With Amine Functionalized Graphene Oxide (F-Go) and Its Nanocomposites Manoj Kumar* Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India

ABSTRACT Union and characterization of ether containing tetraglycidyl epoxy reinforced with amine functionalized graphene oxide (FTGDDE lattice material alongside functionalized graphene oxide (F-GO) as support was utilized to build up a one of a kind skeletally adjusted tetra practical epoxy nanocomposites. Amine functionalization of graphene oxide nanoparticles (F-GO) on its surface was accomplished by uniting 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as coupling operator. The FT-IR range uncovered that the silane coupling specialist was covalently attached to the surface of graphene oxide nanoparticles, offering better dispersibility and similarity with TGDDE epoxy grid. The TGDDE epoxy sap was further strengthened with changing weight rates (1–5 wt.%) of F-GO and cured with room temperature curing operator (Aradur 140). Warm and thermo-mechanical conduct of TGDDE epoxy frameworks and nanocomposites were analysed by TGA and DMA, which gives off an impression of being a perfect contender for cutting edge elite applications when contrasted with those of flawless epoxy network. F-Go and it's nanocomposites. Keywords: ether, F-GO, nanocomposites, TGDDE epoxy matrices

INTRODUCTION Epoxy saps are broadly utilized as embodying materials as a part of the electronic/electrical enterprises and propelled composite lattices for auxiliary overlays, inferable from their high rigidity and modulus, great compound, consumption resistance and fantastic dimensional strength. The cured epoxy gum is an exceptionally cross connected system which has high modulus, crack quality, low crawl, and great execution at raised temperatures. Be that as it may, they have certain downsides like, deficient warm and mechanical properties to meet the prerequisites of elite applications. By enhancing mechanical properties and warm properties the execution of epoxy

tar was appropriate for cutting edge superior building applications. Consequently, a choice of reasonable polymeric materials is fundamental to enhance the mechanical properties with holding solidness, glass move temperature and warm steadiness of the epoxy grid. In spite of the fact that the natural inorganic buildings have been perceived for quite a while, the enthusiasm for examining these graphene oxide nanosheets materials as nanoscale-fortifying operator for polymeric materials has just been created as of late. The presentation of as low as 0.5–1 wt.% of amine functionalized graphene oxide (F-GO) into polymer framework is notable to bring about signiﬁcant change in mechanical quality

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International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology eISSN: 2455-8524 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Application of Nanoprobes in Sensing Disease Detection Shalini Sharma*, Rajni Bisht Chemistry Department, BITS Pilani, India

ABSTRACT This review focuses on imaging, visualization and detection of diseases using nanoprobes. Several currently available nanoprobes such as fluorescent nanoprobes, upconversion nanoparticle probes, supermagnetic iron oxide nanoprobes, and polymer- and liposome based nanoprobes are discussed. This paper also briefly summarizes the methodologies used to image and track single cells, tumors, cancer cells, brain diseases and angiogenic vasculature. Current challenges and future scopes of research are also discussed. Keywords: cells, diseases, imaging, molecules, nanoprobes, tracking

INTRODUCTION A nanoprobe is an optical device that can be used to distinguish and study a chemical and/or biological sample often at the nanometer scale. Nanoprobes are usually developed by tapering an optical fiber to a tip measuring 100 nm wide. An example of the use of nanoprobes for visualization is a very thin coating of silver nanoparticles (NPs) helps to enhance the rapid oscillation of electrons during the Raman scattering effect of the light. This increases vibration energy, thereby enhancing Raman scattering. This technique is commonly known as surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The nanoprobes result in accurate detection and analysis of a sample by producing higher electromagnetic fields and higher signal output. Some of the other examples of nanoprobes are nanoparticles in aqueous solution in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [1], extracting nanoquantities of neurochemicals via in vivo microdialysis [2], and using goldbased metallic nanoprobes for Theranostics [3]. Recently there has been considerable interest for ultrasensitive biodetection via optical, electrochemical, and various other means [4]. Such bioaffinity nanoprobes are particularly

interesting due to comparable sizes of nanomaterials and biomolecules which can be used for highly sensitive and selective biosensing. For an example, a diagnostic method involves placing a patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s blood sample on a small chip that contains the special nanoprobes. The nanoprobes then attach to any disease markers in the blood sample, such as a cancer cell. When a laser is shined on the chip, the attached probes emit light, which is detected by an optical sensor [5]. There have been numerous nanoprobes developed for ultrasensitive bioaffinity sensing of proteins and nucleic acids during last one decade. Here we review several nanoprobes that are currently available in disease detection including fluorescent nanoprobes (organic dyes, fluorescent proteins, quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoprobes), upconversion nanoparticle probes, superparamagnet iron oxide nanoprobes, single walled nanotubes, polymer-based nanoprobes, More specifically, we categorize them according to the major types of diseases and discuss clinical potentials and pitfalls.

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