International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology vol 2 issue 2 by JournalsPub

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India E-mail: info@journalspub.com

20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

Development

International Journal of Water Resources Engineering International Journal of Concrete Technology International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

International Journal of Wireless Network Security International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices International Journal of Software Computing and Testing International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms 5 more...

International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits International Journal of Automatic Control System International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering « International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and 4 more... Circuits

« « « «

Nursing « « « « «

Material Sciences and Engineering

International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing

« « « «

International Journal of Energetic Materials International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering 4 more...

« « « «

International Journal of Photochemistry International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry International Journal of Green Chemistry International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering 3 more...

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Jul–Dec 2016

Biomaterials International Journal of Plant Biotechnology International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and 3 more... Applications

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

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IJCCT

International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology International Journals Publisher

International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Subrat Kumar Barik Assistant Professor, Department of Physics National Institute of Technology, Silchar, India

Mr. M. S. Charoo Mechanical Engineering Department, National institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.

Er. Amarendra KUMAR Das Ex Manager, S.A.I.L., India Dr. M. Jayasimhadri Assistant Professor Department of Applied Physics Delhi Technological University Bawana Road, Delhi, India

Dr. Shripal Sharma Associate Professor in Physics P.P.N.College, Kanpur U.P.,India Bimal Prasad Singh CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Dr. Jai Singh Assistant Professor Guest Editor RASE, Current Nanoscience, Department of Physics, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India

Dr. Rina Singh Environmental Science Division CSIR-CRRI, New Delhi India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology. This journal is part of the Material Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present ceramics and ceramic technology issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the analytical chemistry Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in analytical chemistry in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Advanced ceramics and ceramic-based composites, covers processing, characterization of materials, Chemical ceramic technology, Electronic ceramics, Structural ceramics, Bio ceramics, Ceramic raw materials, Process ceramics, Energy engineering & furnaces, Physical ceramics and Refractories. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of analytical chemistry and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the analytical chemistry community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of analytical chemistry. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for analytical chemistry readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of analytical chemistry. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Atomic Magnetic Resonance and FTIR Structural Studies on Borosilicate Glasses Gunjan Arora

2. Maintenance Policies and Its Selection in Ceramic Industry Mohit Kundru

3. Role of Ceramics in Sanitary Development of Rural Areas Rahul Tulli

4. Plastic Recycling Process Varun Nagpal, Smita Satapathy

5. Ethyl Acetate and Its Production Process K. Vijyalaxmi

International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Atomic Magnetic Resonance and FTIR Structural Studies on Borosilicate Glasses Gunjan Arora* Glass Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ramjas College, Delhi University

ABSTRACT Auxiliary assurance for borosilicate glasses with a high substance of (Fe2O3) was done by FTIR spectroscopy, where both 11B and 29Si MAS NMR are unimaginable in view of the high amounts of paramagnetic iron (III) species display. NMR investigation was performed on borosilicate glasses containing up to 7 mol% Fe2O3 and the N4 values got by FTIR spectroscopy concur inside blunder with the 11B NMR consequences of a similar glass tests. Fe2O3 is a primary glass modifier in the low-Fe2O3-content locale (≤6 mol%). On other hand, it assumes the part of glass previous at higher substance of Fe2O3. Expanding both N4 of boron tetrahedral units and concoction move of silicon cores to reach maxima at 5 mol% Fe2O3 affirms the part of Fe2O3 as a glass modifier in the low organization district. Keywords: atom, FTIR, glass

INTRODUCTION Ternary and quaternary borosilicate glasses (BSG) have a developed assortment of modern significance because of their diverse sorts of utilizations. They have been utilized as fixing segments. For instance, some of glass pieces have been just utilized as sealants in TV tubes or globule lights. Then again, expanding accomplishments of microelectronics and new requests requires new sorts of glasses. Late studies have focused on borosilicate glasses, which have been created as sealants, especially, for liquid carbonate power devices (MCFC). In view of the innovative favorable circumstances, these glasses have for some time been the subject of basic studies, utilizing distinctive methods, including 29Si and 11B MAS NMR and FTIR spectroscopy to offer a quantitative examination of various auxiliary units shaping the glass arrange. The structure of borosilicate glasses depends on Qn [SiO4] units, where

n is the quantity of connecting oxygen molecules per tetrahedron, and [BO3] and [BO4] units. The [BO3] units are triangle boron in both ring and non-ring arrangement, while [BO4] ones are boron iotas in tetrahedral coordination. The oxygen iotas can be clung to one boron and three silicons (1B, 3Si) or four silicon particles (0B, 4Si) and have a Na+ particle as a charge compensator [1–10]. EXPERIMENTAL Sample Preparation The adapted borosilicate glasses were made by melting batches in alumina crucibles at a temperature ranging from 1150 to 1256°C depending on composition. Then the melt was quenching over a stainless steel plate. The batches were prepared from reagent grade SiO2, H3BO3, Na2CO3, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance All things were measured with GSX-1000 high-resolution solid-state MAS NMR

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International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Maintenance Policies and Its Selection in Ceramic Industry Mohit Kundru* Department of Chemical Science, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT Accessibility of plant and gear at unsurpassed is relevant to modern development and improvement of any country. One of the approaches to accomplish this is to give enough thoughtfulness regarding the prerequisite of upkeep in the pre-venture/buy of hardware stage. This paper in this way, endeavors to inspect the upkeep strategy and plant/hardware choice from specialized, financial and ecological points of view. Along these lines, upkeep approaches in this setting are the standards, principles and methods utilized as a part of selecting plant/gear. Keywords: equipment, maintenance policies, plant

INTRODUCTION As per IEEE/PES Task Force (2001), Maintenance is characterized as a movement "wherein an un-fizzled gadget has, every once in a while, its crumbling captured, lessened or wiped out" [1]. This might be a piece of an arranged program or can be done at short notice after a breakdown. It generally includes nonroutine exercises and can be utilized to know those presented to a scope of dangers. The disintegration or decay of a plant or gear decides its advantage esteem (condition), time, support and unwavering quality. The points of plant and hardware upkeep are to avoid issues emerging, put blames right and guarantee gear works successfully. For instance, The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (1998) require for work hardware and plant to be kept up and the support operation to be done securely [2]. Mechanical advancement in the creating nations has not recorded expected obvious change throughout the years. Support of plant and hardware has additionally endured. This could be traceable to

underestimations of upkeep and nonrecognition of its gainful capacity opposite lacking consideration given to prerequisite of support in the prespeculation/buy of hardware stage. In developing the mechanical part consequently, the issue of accessibility of plant and hardware must take the middle stage. OBJECTIVES The objectives of maintenance policy consideration for plant and equipment selection are: (i) Accessibility of plant and gear at all circumstances (ii) Plant and gear's ideal execution (iii)Reduction in upkeep cost (iv)To control against misfortunes (v) Occupational wellbeing and security Choice of Technology The need to brag plant/hardware profitability is exceptionally essential to any generation procedure. Innovation without a doubt assumes a noteworthy part

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International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Role of Ceramics in Sanitary Development of Rural Areas Rahul Tulli* Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee College of Engineering and Management, Noida, India

ABSTRACT Even today, many developing nations are still facing the problems of achieving the basic needs in rural region such as food, hygiene, sanitation, education, health, etc. Usually the maintenance of waste disposal and sanitation systems is the responsibility of the home owner. But due to their negligence, proper onsite sanitation is a big failure with resulting environmental and public health implications. With the help of construction management and appropriate planning, it can be improved. Keywords: construction management, rural area problems, rural sanitation

INTRODUCTION Sheltered and fitting transfer of human waste is an essential prerequisite for sanitation and general wellbeing insurance. Sanitation is a fundamental need required to tackle survival issues. Be that as it may, it is untenable and mind blowing under all circumstances [1]. Sterile improvement not just accomplishes the consummation of fundamental needs of provincial district additionally lessens the air contamination. Nearby people group have generally been included in affirming framework plan, more dynamic contribution in development and support is required. Just by getting to be distinctly required in the investigation and routine support of these frameworks a group can guarantee their legitimate operation. Towards this heading, Government of India additionally focused truly. With the assistance of different plans and offices, for example, legitimate arranging of execution and development in country area, suitable rules, it has attempted to accomplish answers for issues of sanitation. It has been accomplished by conveying the learning about cleaning, employments of toilets, duty regarding

ecological and government plans among the villagers [2, 3]. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The point of this review is to discover the issues existing between sanitation advancement and rustic locale. With the assistance of development administration and its different viewpoints, for example, material administration, wellbeing, support, and individuals' mindfulness, arranging about the execution of sanitation advancement in country locale is being embraced. SCOPE OF THE WORK The extent of the work is to gather the data from genuine site condition and circumstance of country locale where individuals are as yet confronting the issues about sanitation framework. Gather the information identified with the advancement and change of sanitation framework. What's more, with the assistance of development administration attempt to decrease the issue in sanitation advancement in provincial area by

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International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Plastic Recycling Process Varun Nagpal*, Smita Satapathy Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India

ABSTRACT Reusing is referred to the vast majority as an action in household squander division with enormous budgetary advantages. In any case, material recovery streams at many scales assume essential parts in various businesses. The waste created from the plastic is a colossal a few, in which polyethylene is 34% of aggregate plastic waste. So it is profoundly significant to choose the best plastic reusing process. Fluffy AHP is a manufactured expansion of established AHP strategy when the fluffiness of the chiefs is considered. This article presents another approach which goes for a more practical displaying by applying fluffy values in the combined examinations and for the positioning of reusing technique. Selecting the best plastic reusing procedure is a requesting errand as it involves a few criteria and properties. Keywords: fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, recycling, plastic, waste management

INTRODUCTION Waste is the issue of the entire world which not just builds the land fill furthermore expands the extraction of crude materials; so one must invest exertion with a specific end goal to explain the world's assets. The items that we go over in our everyday life like, plastic water bottles, utensils, fast food utensils, plastic sacks, staple packs, mugs, prescription holder utensils, are the utilization of plastics. As the utilization of plastic has expanded in the course of the most recent couple of years it has turned into a bigger part of the metropolitan strong waste (MSW) stream developing from under 1 percent in 1960 to around 19 percent in 2014. The advantage of reusing is, plastic which is considered as waste will be utilized as a part of assembling new items and the top most favorable position is reusing of one ton plastic recoveries 7.4 cubic yards of landfill space. For the distinguishing proof of the sorts of plastic exceptional

recognizable proof are set apart in the plastic that is triangle of bolts with number running from 1 to 7 (composed by the general public of the plastic business) so it is peaceful advantageous for the customer and recycler the plastic reasonable for reusing. Reusing assumes an essential part in the decrease in contamination, shielding earth from land fill, successful usage of the waste furthermore diminishment in the crude material extraction. Reusing incorporates innovative headways and multifaceted globalization arrangements for the maintainable improvement of nation. Recycling is a value addition process which brings tremendous importance and benefits to manufacturers. The concept of recycling is being in a whole new level as it is accepting re-engineering, product recovery and certain other modernized methods. The concept of recycling is just the opposite of supply chain management.

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International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Ethyl Acetate and Its Production Process K. Vijyalaxmi* Department of Chemical Engineering, Bapatla Engineering College (Autonomous), Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT In this review, the outline and control of ethyl acetic acid derivation generation plant has been researched. The proposed configuration comprises of a ceaseless mixed tank reactor and two refining segments. Ethanol responds with acidic corrosive and gives ethyl acetic acid derivation and water. Far reaching operability and control of the whole procedure plant with decentralized controllers is clarified by doing both enduring state and element recreations. Plate temperature control circle execution is tried for the second refining segment. From the consequences of element reenactment, the proposed control system performs exceptionally well in dismissing different aggravations while keeping up the ethyl acetic acid derivation item virtue with a settling time of under 5 h. Warm combinations are performed by utilizing Aspen Energy Analyzer. Air, medium weight (MP) steam and low weight (LP) steam icy and hot utilities was proposed to trade warm with the procedure streams. The warmth trade was incorporated into a current warmth exchanger arrange (HEN), and the mix was broke down utilizing squeeze examination. After investigation utilizing retrofit concentrates an option HEN is proposed to spare the vitality. The new retrofit HEN is accomplished by including two new warmth exchangers and the payback time frame reported is 0.85 years which is short of what one year which demonstrates it is a productive outline. Keywords: dynamic simulation, plant-wide operability, steady state simulation

INTRODUCTION Ethyl acetic acid derivation has wide mechanical applications; it is utilized as a dissolvable as a part of printing inks, varnishes and auto mind chemicals and in the generation of polishes, plastics and elastic. It is additionally utilized as a part of nourishment industry in the planning of manufactured natural product embodiments, flavors and aromas. In the pharmaceutical business it plays a vital part in extracting for the focus and filtration of anti-infection agents. It is likewise utilized as a middle of the road as a part of the fabrication of different medications. A few generation procedures are accessible in open writing [1–11]. It is viewed as one of the slightest poisonous of mechanical natural solvents. It is both

exceedingly compelling and effectively softened up both air and water. In perspective of these, the generation ought to have as less toxicological impacts as could be allowed to minimize atmosphere affect. Presenting the all-inclusive control ideas [12–15] in industry decreases the outflows in the meantime it enhances the item yield, quality [16–18] and in the meantime financial aspects of the plant enhanced [19–21]. Retrofit examinations were performed for the procedure plants utilizing Aspen Energy Analyzer [22, 23] to get beneficial outlines. Remembering the market viewpoint and issues of its toxicological impacts on indigenous habitat an efficient expansive control structure was created for the generation of ethyl acetic acid derivation. The created

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Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India E-mail: info@journalspub.com

20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

« « « «

Nursing « « « « «

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Jul–Dec 2016

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

www.journalspub.com

IJCCT