International Journal of Concrete Technology vol 2 issue 2 by JournalsPub

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20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

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Civil Engineering

« International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

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Development

International Journal of Water Resources Engineering International Journal of Concrete Technology International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

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Computer Science and Engineering International Journal of Wireless Network Security International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices International Journal of Software Computing and Testing International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms 5 more...

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International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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International Journal of Energetic Materials International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering 4 more...

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International Journal of Photochemistry International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry International Journal of Green Chemistry International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering 3 more...

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Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Jul–Dec 2016

Pollution

Architecture

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Concrete Technology IJCT

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

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Signals

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Biomaterials International Journal of Plant Biotechnology International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and 3 more... Applications

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

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Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

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International Journal of Concrete Technology

International Journal of Concrete Technology is an international peer-reviewed journal that covers all topics related to advancement in concrete technology i.e., from the types of different concrete mixtures, its various parameters, techniques, equipment design and more. This journal encompasses both experimental as well as theoretical articles and review papers of pronounced importance.

Focus and Scope of the Journal  Advanced concrete technology 

Self-drying concrete technology

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Concrete leveling

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Concrete mixer



Concrete masonry unit

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Concrete moisture meter



Concrete plant



Concrete recycling

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Reinforced concrete

International Journals of Concrete Technology is published twice a year (bi-annual) by JournalsPub an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd., India. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permission to the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Prof. A. F. M. Saiful Amin Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh Univeristy of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dr. Hasan Dilbas Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Civil Engineering Department, Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul Turkey

Dr. J. Karthikeyan Department Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Mujahid Faiyaz Hussain Shram Sadhna Trust's College of Engineering and Technology, Bambhori,Jalgaon, India

Dr. P. Ratish Kumar Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India

Dr. Samer Al- Martini Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates

Dr. Anil Kumar Sachan Department of Civil Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India

Dr. Saleem Muhammad Department of Basic Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Rakesh Mehar, Transportation Engineering Department, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, MP, India

Shalem Ernest Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, India

Prof. Saad Issa Sarsam University of Baghdad, Iraq

Dr. Cengiz Duran Atis ERCIYES University, Turkey

Zhenjun He North China University of Technology, China

Mohamed Heikal Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia

M. N. Islam National University of Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia

C. M. Tam Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, China

Dr. Pradeep Kumar Agarwal, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, M.P., India

Dr. G. Nandini Devi, Professor, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. R. Srinivasa Kumar, Assistant Professor (Senior Scale) Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

Sandeep Choudhary Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, MP, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Pradeep Kumar Agarwal Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP), India

Dr. G. Nandini Devi Professor, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamil Nadu 635109

Dr. R. Srinivasa Kumar Assistant Professor (Senior Scale) Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

Rajan Wankhade Assistant Professor Applied Mechanics Department Government College of Engineering, Karad Maharashtra, India, India

Rakesh Mehar Transportation Engineering Department, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP), INDIA, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Concrete Technology. This journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Concrete Technology, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Concrete Technology as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Concrete Technology in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Concrete Technology in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Concrete Technology focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of advanced concrete technology, self-drying concrete technology, cement accelerator, concrete canoe, concrete leveling, concrete plant, and concrete recycling. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Concrete Technology and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Concrete Technology community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Concrete Technology. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of Journals Pub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Concrete Technology readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Concrete Technology. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Use of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete to Achieve Characteristic Strength M50 with Addition to Steel Fibre V.H. Nimbhore, A.P. Wadekar, R.D. Pandit

2. Effect of Variation of Elevated Temperature on Compressive Strength of Metakolin Concrete R.V. Singh, A.G. Dahake

3. Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete K. Faraz, A.P. Wadekar, D.N. Kakade

4. Investigation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Corbels by Experimental and Analytical Method S.S. Iliyas, A.P. Wadekar, D.N. Kakade

5. Effect of Replacing Rice Husk Ash With Cement and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag With Fine Aggregates on High Performance Concrete Rahul, J. Karthikayen

International Journal of Concrete Technology

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Use of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete to Achieve Characteristic Strength M50 with Addition to Steel Fibre V.H. Nimbhore*, A.P. Wadekar, R.D. Pandit

Department of Civil Engineering, Peoples Education Society’s College of Engineering, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT Concrete is World’s second most consumed material after water, use of recycled aggregate (RA) in concrete can be useful for environmental protection. Recycled aggregates are the materials for the future. Aggregate is one of the main ingredients in producing concrete. It covers 75% of the total for any concrete mix. The strength of the concrete depends on the properties of aggregates used. The experimental analysis comprise with normal RAC and RAC with steel fibre. The project aim was to design a concrete grade M50 by 100%replacement of natural aggregates by recycled aggregate. Strength parameters of concrete like compressive-split-bond strength observed, respectively. Keywords: fibre reinforced recycled aggregate concrete, methodology, recycled aggregate, recycled aggregate concrete, strength properties INTRODUCTION Rapid growth in population and urbanization are pushing the growth in construction. Many countries have recycling schemes for C&D work to avoid dumping, as suitable landfill sites are becoming scarce particularly in heavily populated countries. Especially in the developed countries, old buildings are being demolished to be replaced with new one. As per report of central pollution control board (CPCB) Delhi, in India, 48million tons solid waste is produced out of which 14.5 million ton waste is produced from the construction waste sector, out of which only 3% waste is used for embankment. But research in different countries has suggested the possibility of reusing hard inert material in recycled aggregate concrete. The use of construction waste as a source of aggregate for the production of new concrete has become more common in the recent decade. The idea of recycling concrete waste as coarse aggregate for new concrete construction is gaining

importance on the international scale. Most of the construction and demolished waste is used in land filling of low laying area. But research in different countries has suggested the possibility of reusing hard inert material in recycled aggregate concrete. It may be point out that, the Asia alone produces about 760 million tons of construction waste every year. Recycling is a process of recovery and subsequent use of a material for the manufacture and/or fabrication of the same or similar product from which the waste was originated. Recycling of concrete is relatively simple process. It involves breaking, removing, and crushing existing concrete into a material with specified size and quality.[1–5]

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International Journal of Concrete Technology

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Effect of Variation of Elevated Temperature on Compressive Strength of Metakolin Concrete R.V. Singh, A.G. Dahake

Department of Civil Engineering, Marathwada Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT It has been found that high early temperature has negative impacts on later compressive strength of concrete. Some researchers investigated the adverse effect on long term strength of concrete due to high initial temperature. The effect of temperature on different properties of concrete is considerable and remained the subject of research activities of a lot of researchers. Different investigators moved in different ways and investigated temperature effect by changing different parameters such as w/c ratio; mix ratio, early change in temperature etc. The objective of this literature work is to provide an overview of the effects of elevated temperature on the behavior of metakaolin concrete materials and structure. In meeting this objective the effects of elevated temperatures on the properties of concrete constitute materials and concretes are summarized. The effects of elevated temperature on high strength concrete materials are noted and their performance compared to normal strength concretes. Keywords: concrete, elevated temperature, high strength, metakaolin, normal strength

INTRODUCTION The production of Portland cement is not only costly and energy intensive, but it also produces large amount of carbon emission. The production of one to of Portland cement produces approximately one ton of CO2 in the atmosphere. Limestone is a raw material available in nature; it is primary need for production of cement material. Earlier it was used directly to form silica flume mortar as a binding material in construction. Supplementary cementitious materials are often used to reduce cement contents and improve the workability of fresh concrete, increase strength and enhance durability of hardened concrete. SCMs used in the manufactured concrete products industry as well as a review of blended cements. There are various types of supplementary cementitious material as

fly ash, silica fume, slag cement, metakaolin, rice husk ash, coconut shell etc. Out of these metakaolin is used to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete by various experiments. Metakaolin is refined kaolin clay that is fired under carefully controlled conditions to create an amorphous aluminosilicate that is reactive in concrete. Like other pozzolans (fly ash and silica fume are two common pozzolans), metakaolin reacts with the calcium hydroxide (lime) byproducts produced during cement hydration. Metakaolin is a dehydroxylated form of the clay mineral kaolinite. Rocks that are rich in kaolinite are known as china clay or kaolin, traditionally used in the

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International Journal of Concrete Technology

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete K. Faraz*, A.P. Wadekar, D.N. Kakade

Department of Civil Engineering, Peoples Education Society’s College of Engineering, Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India

ABSTRACT The project report named as “Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete” describes the full experimental worked out on Geopolymer concrete [Provis and Deventer, 2009]. The ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)-fly ash based alkali activated alumina-silicate concrete or geopolymer concrete cured at room temperature or atmospheric temperature was prepared by using different molars of alkali activated solution such as 16, 12 and 8 M. The properties studied on this geopolymer concrete are workability (slump cone) and compressive strength test. The study has been carried out on the basis of various combination of fly ash and GGBFS by mass of concrete and different alkali activated solution. Keywords: aggregate, alkaline liquid and concrete, flyash, GGBS, sand

INTRODUCTION Portland Cement (P-C)-Based Concretes Cement concrete is often considered as an artificial stone which is made by mixing Portland cement (P-C), water, sand, and crushed stone aggregate to produce a mouldable mixture. This concrete, during the last century, has developed into the most important building material in the world; the beginning was made by August Perret, in 1902, by designing and constructing an apartment building in Paris "a system employing for reinforced concrete" (slabs, beams, and columns, but not using any load-bearing walls) In infrastructure, industrial sectors and in variety of Construction concrete is an important product. This is partly due to the fact that concrete is produced from natural materials available in all parts of the globe, and partly due to the fact that concrete is a versatile material, giving architectural freedom. More than a ton of concrete is produced every year for each human on the planet earth, making concrete as the

second most widely consumed substance on earth after water [Sara Hart, 2008]. But, the environmental aspects of concrete are now being discussed with a view to develop an eco-friendly material for construction.[1–3] Geopolymer as Alternate to P-C A new binder material, known as ‘Geopolymer’ was first introduced by Davidovits in 1978 to describe a family of mineral binders with chemical composition similar to zeolites but with an amorphous microstructure [Davidovits, 1994]. To get inorganic polymeric system of alumino-silicates the use of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) which is found in clay (metakaolin) which is specially processed. For the matrix formation and strength geopolymers do not need calciumsilicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel as compare to Ordinary Portland Cement, but to achieve essential mechanical strength it uses the polycondensation of silica and alumina

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International Journal of Concrete Technology

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Investigation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Corbels by Experimental and Analytical Method S.S. Iliyas*, A.P. Wadekar, D.N. Kakade

Department of Civil Engineering, Peoples Education Society College of Engineering, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT In the present paper, an experimental results and predicted values by truss analogy method, ACI Building Code (ACI 381-83) provisions for corbels, and method given by Fattuhi is investigated. The concrete used in the corbels is of M-60 grade. Test were carried out on 27 samples of size 150 × 150 × 200-mm were shear span was varied from 175 to 200 as shown in table (5) and concrete corbels reinforced with steel fiber. The properties of corbels varied and fiber content and span to depth ratio also varied. For all the 27 corbels vertical loading was used. It was noted that the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete corbels along with fibers can be predicted best by adding the fibers’ contribution to strength using the shear friction equation to the ACI Building Code provisions. The main purpose of this experimental and analytical study is to investigate the behavior and shear strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete corbels. It is found that considerable improvement in in ultimate shear strength, toughness and first crack in the fiber containing corbels. Different percentage of fiber content was used ranging from 0.5% to 4%. Keywords: ACI-318, corbels, compressive strength, shear strength, steel fibers

INTRODUCTION Corbels projecting from the faces of reinforced concrete columns are extensively used in precast concrete construction to support the primary beam and girders. Corbels are structural members characterized by a shear span-todepth ratio (a/d), generally lower than unity. Recently, high strength concrete has been increasing used in practice. However high-strength concrete is considered to be a relatively brittle material and has low ductility. In this investigation, the main goal was using steel fibers to convert the brittle characteristic to a ductile one, increases the shear strength of corbels and improves the ductility and by using different analytical method the ultimate shear strength of SFRC corbels is investigated. The different types of

brackets and corbels may be described as short cantilevers that project from the inner face of concrete columns or walls to support heavy concentrated loads of cranes and beams. The corbel is generally built monolithically with the column or wall. The shear span-to-depth is often less than unity. By many experimental evidence it is clear that use of steel fibers improves the shear strength of reinforced concrete structures. It is also observed that steel fibers used in reinforced concrete corbels improves the energy absorption of fiber reinforced concrete structures and also act as a arrestors of cracks in the concrete and addition of steel fibers is also known to improve the bond between steel and concrete, and the compressive, impact,

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International Journal of Concrete Technology

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Effect of Replacing Rice Husk Ash With Cement and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag With Fine Aggregates on High Performance Concrete Rahul*, J. Karthikayen

Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT Cement and sand are the basic materials for any concrete construction. Now a day’s due to erosion of rivers and considering environmental issues, there is a scarcity of river sand. Many researchers are finding different materials to replace sand and one of the major materials considered in this study is granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS). In recent times, instead of cement many alternative materials are being used as the binding material in the construction sector. One such binding material that can be used as a partial replacement for cement is rice husk ash (RHA). RHA is agricultural waste product obtained from paddy. The tests were carried out on the raw materials to check the suitability of the materials to be used for the research purpose and their properties were determined. M50 grade of concrete is adopted for this research. The cube specimens were cast with cement replaced by RHA varying from 0 to 20% at 10% interval and sand replaced by GBFS from 0 to 80% at 10% interval. The results show that the compressive strength of specimens with 10% of RHA yielded almost the same strength as of the specimens with 0% replacement. Replacement of sand with GBFS reduced workability, instead increased the compressive strength up to the replacement of 30%, with a percentage increase in strength of 12.15%. The overall results show that RHA and GBFS can be used in concrete with cement and sand being partially replaced. The percentage of replacement should be limited to 10% RHA and 60% GBFS. Keywords: compressive strength, granulated blast furnace slag, rice husk ash

INTRODUCTION Cement and sand are the vital materials needed for the construction industry. This inevitably led to a continuous and increasing demand of natural materials used for their production. Parallel to the need for the utilization of the natural resources emerges a growing concern for protecting the environment and a need to preserve natural resources, such as fine aggregate, by using alternative materials that are discarded as a waste. Rice husk is an agricultural residue obtained from the outer covering of rice grains during milling process. It constitutes 20% of the 500 million tons of

paddy produced in the world. Rice husk ash (RHA) is an abundant by-product generated by the burning of rice husk. RHA is composed mostly of silica (80– 95%). It has a highly microporous cellular structure, which helps its pozzolanic reaction in mixtures containing Portland cement.[1–5] Blast furnace slag is formed when iron ore or iron pellets, coke and a flux are melted together in a blast furnace. The granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) which is sand

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20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

1 more...

Civil Engineering

« International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Nursing

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Jul–Dec 2016

Pollution

Architecture

« « « « «

Concrete Technology IJCT

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

5 more...

Signals

« « « « «

International Journal of

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences