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EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. V Balaji Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Dr. M. Gopinath Professorâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;EEE Dr.N.G.P Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Dr chetan khemraj , GNA Institute of Management & Technology, Phagwara, Punjab, India

Dr. Xiangshun Li School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 205, Wuhan, Hubei, china

Dr. P. Rathika Professor and Head, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, India

Prof. Manish Kumar Srivastava Department of Electrical Machine (Electrical Engineering), Agricultural Institute Deemed University, Allahabad, India

Dr. P. Rama Subramanian Computer Science, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Hadadi Sudheendra School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

Dr. S. Thiruvenkadam Professor and Head Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, P.A. College of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India

Dr Oscar Onuke Lecturer, University of Lagos & Senior Engineering consultant Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation NNPC Abuja Nigeria

Dr. M. Gopinath Professor, Dr. N.G.P Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India

M. V. Subramanyam Santhiram Engineering College, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India

D.K. Chaturvedi, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engg, D.E.I., Dayalbagh, Agra, India

Suresh Babu Daram Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, India

Mohammad Yasir Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Integral University campus Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology. This journal is part of the Electrical Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Electrical issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electrical Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electrical Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Conventional electromechanical, Neural networks, Object oriented system, System control centres, Database and information systems, Stock and parameter estimation, Small and large system dynamics, Man-machine interfaces, Electric Power Systems Computer Analysis. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electrical Engineering and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electrical Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Electrical Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electrical Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electrical Power System and Technology. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Optimal Location of Static Var Compensator Using DE Algorithm R. Baiju Naina, S. Sreejith

2. Capital Investment Planning of Distributed Energy Resources Aseem Chandel

3. A Review on Control Methods for Microgrid-Based Distributed Generation System Dileep Gurjar, Vaibhav Sharma, Rahul Mishra

4. Review on Hybrid Power System: Biomass and Diesel Saurabh Bansal, Kapil Shrivastava,Amit Pandey

5. Review on Hybrid Solar and Wind Energy System Shubhank Vyas, Suresh, Kapil Shrivastava

6. Innovative Solar Power Technology to Generate Electricity Rajveer Singh, Neeru Goyal, Harendra Singh, Ashok Kumar Saini

7. Study of the Performance of Grid Connected Battery Storage 10 kW Solar Photovoltaic Plant in 100 m2 Area at Kota Rajasthan Umesh Gunjal, Bhuvnesh Kumar Sharma

8. Study of Degrading Performance of Solar PV Panels Due To Effect of Dust Accumulation in Jaipur Upendra Singh Chauhan, Gopal Kumar

International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology eISSN: 2455-7293 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Optimal Location of Static Var Compensator Using DE Algorithm R. Baiju Naina1*, S. Sreejith2 1

Department of EEE, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, India 2 School of Electrical Engineering, VIT, Vellore, India

ABSTRACT This paper discusses on the optimal location of Static Var Compensator (SVC) using Differential evolution (DE) algorithm. FACTS devices are employed to improve the power transfer capability and voltage profile in power system networks. Here, the optimal location to place an SVC is identified depending on the power flow, voltage profile and transmission losses. The ability of SVC to improve voltage profile and reduce losses is also analysed. SVC is modelled using firing angle modelling technique and incorporated into power system network. DE algorithm is used as the optimization tool here. The proposed methodology is tested and validated in a standard 5 bus and IEEE 30 bus test systems. Keywords: differential evolution algorithm, optimal power flow, power flow control, static var compensator

INTRODUCTION Transmission networks aims in supplying the connected load with required reliability at a lower cost with maximum efficiency. As the demand is increasing, the power system is becoming more complex to control. This results in loop flows and increased line loss. The possibility of construction new transmission lines are limited by financial, social and geographical factors. These problems can be eliminated by Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). This is an application of power electronics technology to power systems. FACTS devices are used to control various parameters of transmission lines such as voltage, phase angle and reactance.[1] FACTS devices can be classified as switch based devices (SVC – Static Var Compensator, TCSC – Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator) and converter based (STATCOM- Static

Compensator, SSSC – Static Series Synchronous Compensator, UPFC – Unified Power Flow Controller, IPFCInterline Power Flow Controller). These devices can be used depending on requirements [OPTIMAL LOCATION PAPER]. The performance of FACTS devices won’t be the same in all locations of the network.[2] However, the best choice of location for the installation of FACTS devices is not a simple task due to the complexity of the electric power system. The objective of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is to find the optimal operating state of the power system network while satisfying the network and system constraints. As OPF gives the optimal schedule of generation, it is carried out before locating the optimal position for the FACTS device. SVC is modelled and incorporated into the OPF problem. Here, firing angle modelling is used.[3] Optimal

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International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology eISSN: 2455-7293 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Capital Investment Planning of Distributed Energy Resources Aseem Chandel* BSA College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, UP, India

ABSTRACT The benefits of DER are site specific. So in order to potentially utilize the advantages of dispersed generation it holds compulsively to reform management and to re-validate the operations of distribution network. It then follows picking up the optimal network topology and blending it with the best use of dispersed generation and retail market including real and reactive power. The minimization of related costs and satisfactory technical and physical constraints is also the key issue to concentrate. This paper presents a GA based methodology for DER (capital investment) planning in 37-bus IEEE distribution system. Variable loading conditions are introduced for peak, medium and low loading conditions. Standard residential load profile is considered for analysis. Keywords: AMC, distributed energy resources, distributed generation planning

INTRODUCTION Talking about the present scenario, electricity market is undergoing restructuring with the changing conditions of law, technology, market and competition. This phenomenon is reflected in more than 120 countries. This is illustrating in the global trend, where more and more energy conversion units are located in the heart of distribution System. Zahedi predicts that â&#x20AC;&#x153;as alternative sources become more widely available, small-scale systems meeting local needs may start to replace central power stations.â&#x20AC;?[1] The goals of DER also include the minimization of the environmental effects of energy production and introduction of new renewable energy-sources to the distribution network. Many countries in Europe now have some form of incentive scheme to support the uptake of renewable sources of energy.[2] Distributed Energy Resources technologies is now been developed for the range of applications including Economic

Dispatch,[3] load management,[4] voltage control[5,6] and protection of power conditioner[7] and Distributed Energy Resources modelling.[8] Moreover, the Distributed Energy Resources (DER) technology is maturing day by day to explore Distributed Energy Resources planning for application in power and energy sectors and also evaluate their effectiveness. In pursuance with the above, there is quite likelihood that the new generators will be separately operated as well as separately owned. Power systems to start with were originally developed in the form of local generation, supplying a local demand. Consecutive technological developments driven by economies of scale resulted in the development of large centralized grids connecting entire regions and countries. During the last decade, technological innovations and a changing economic and regulatory environment have resulted in a renewed interest in DG. To account for the bigger perspective, distributed energy

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International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology eISSN: 2455-7293 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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A Review on Control Methods for Microgrid-Based Distributed Generation System Dileep Gurjar*, Vaibhav Sharma, Rahul Mishra Department of Electrical Engineering, Arya College of Engineering and I.T., Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

ABSTRACT To counter the growing demand for energy, improvement in integration of distributed microgrid based energy is the most promising problem in power system in the near future. The implementation of microgrid systems offers significant advantages to both power suppliers and end customers. The current emphasis is on a comprehensive review of the control strategies and issues related to microgrid and various droop control and strategy mode operation. This paper presents a brief description of PQ control voltage / frequency, and current control, which is associated with the microgrid mode Operation. This review also includes a micronetwork control and other issues such as island mode, stability and unbalanced supply voltage and issues of power quality. Additionally, this article analyzes the problems of islanding in microgrid as the burden of challenge and loss of distributed generation, and nonlinear unbalanced load. We have also implemented simulation and modeling of droop control in microgrid associated with distributed generation. Keywords: control, current control, distributed generation, droop control, microgrid

INTRODUCTION People who do not get the electrical power in developing countries, estimated at about 1.64 million. In developed countries, there are many sites on the islands are not yet connected to the network. In this case, photovoltaic, diesel / generators, cogeneration, or microhydro power is provided locally, in addition to battery solutions. In all cases, these sources are supported by voltage source inverter (VSI) to provide power. The VSI needs to interconnect cells, photovoltaic and windmills to the grid. They must also serve as the source of the active and reactive load management efficiency, and power from the battery to the other final complex load. A microgrid can be connected to the main grid. In this case, the control strategy is simple VSI, and synchronized with the main grid. In the

small islanded microgrid control strategy is more complicated, because each such VSI arbitrarily small grid voltage and frequency control must be synchronized.[1] To avoid complex communication networks for a variety of VSI microgrid synchronization, the conventional method adopted is called â&#x20AC;&#x153;droop control.â&#x20AC;? This method, and simulation in a given microgrid has the characteristic to allows and manage the active and reactive power by each VSI in the proper management of microgrid injection. We know that instability can occur in the case of parameter fluctuations and uncontrolled exchange in them. In distributed generation the responsibility of microgrid is to maintain system voltage and frequency sharing Active and reactive power. The most commonly used method

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International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology eISSN: 2455-7293 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Review on Hybrid Power System: Biomass and Diesel Saurabh Bansal*, Kapil Shrivastava,Amit Pandey Poornima University, Jaipur, India

ABSTRACT A hybrid energy system comprises of at least two renewable or conventional energy sources utilized together to give effective power supply. In this paper, another and advancing hybrid power system has been outlined by coordinating diverse sorts of biomass and diesel. This system can guarantee a continuous power generation independent of the climate condition and supply of biomass. This system can likewise guarantee most extreme use of biomass energy sources which will diminish the reliance on the constrained fossil fills like oil and coal those are ecologically unsafe. Keywords: biomass, diesel, hybrid power system, renewable diesel

INTRODUCTION Hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) are getting to be well known as standalone power system for giving power in remote ranges because of advances in renewable energy innovations and resulting ascend in costs of petroleum items. A hybrid energy system and hybrid power, normally comprises of at least two renewable energy sources utilized together to give expanded system productivity and additionally more noteworthy adjust in energy supply. Hybrid energy technology is the most recent advancement in the field of energy sector which is frequently done either to diminish the cost of creating power from fossil fuels or to give reinforcement to a renewable energy system that guarantees progression of force supply when the renewable energy source varies. Hybrid energy usually consists of one conventional energy source and another would be renewable energy source like solar photovoltaic, wind, biomass, hydro etc. In low income sectors, food preparation systems in general and hot

water supply in particular, are a deep necessity. Precarious water warming methods generate several problems such as probable domestic accidents because of burning, especially in children, due to likelihood of spilling of containers which are unsteadily set over kindled logs or stones or bricks. On top of this, there is health damage as a result of the inevitable inhalation of carbon monoxide, smoke other gases coming from combustion depending on the type of fuel used, especially when some people use plastic material as they do not know this danger. Fire risk is a certain possibility. Hundreds of these painful accidents occur annually. The situation of rural schools turns complicated due to the distances. However, with the advance of the agricultural border (especially with soy) and deforestation, the availability of firewood is more and more difficult, becoming too much expensive in some areas. So, it is necessary to work so that the necessary volumes of this fuel are as minimal as possible; consequently, we

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International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology eISSN: 2455-7293 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Review on Hybrid Solar and Wind Energy System Shubhank Vyas*, Suresh, Kapil Shrivastava Student of Electrical Department, Poornima University, Jaipur, India

ABSTRACT Continuous power supply for peoples in remote ranges has dependably displayed an issue, where central grid power supply to all consumers is monetarily not possible in our nation. Goal of this paper is to concentrate on the studies conducted in order to optimize the initial cost and optimum utilization of available sources and reliable power supply to consumers in Indian scenario. The wind turbine generator (WTG) is the essential wellspring of supply to the framework, while the solar PV array is the optional source of supply with the battery included as backup system. It is normal that the discoveries for this project would be valuable for comparative hybrid system unwavering quality studies later on. Among the different renewable energy resources, off-grid small hybrid solar PV and wind control system (HSWPS) is by all accounts the promising answer for give dependable power supply enhanced system productivity at sensible cost for the remote rural areas. Keywords: hybrid system, standalone system, solar, wind

INTRODUCTION In India and Asia, large number of villages are not electrified and it is not techno economical feasible to extend the grid. There is an urgent need to focus research efforts on the development of such cost effective system for remote places and in urban areas to reduce burden on conventional sources. In India installation of wind generators interfaced to grid in different parts of country is going on. The total installed capacity of wind generator interfaced to grid in India is 7013 MW. As of 30 June 2015 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 23,763 MW As on 30 June 2015, the installed MW by 2022. Grid connected solar power capacity is 4,060.65 MW and India expects to install an additional 10,000 MW by 2017, and a total of 100,000 in India no significant work has been done on the development of cost effective hybrid system based on renewable technology using wind generator. Wind energy relies on renewable power of

wind and it is one of the lowest prized technologies of today. For all residences in remote locations, the small wind energy system can help to avoid high cost of extending utility grid.[1] The major constraints for use of such system are the reliability of supply because of irregularities in wind pattern. Hence the wind energy system alone will not be appropriate solution considering reliability the research in key areas is required to increase techno economic viability of small hybrid system. The following technological issues such as 1) Development of techno economical low wind speed technology, 2) Development of small hybrid system, and 3) Co-ordination and integration of various available sources to optimize the use of conventional sources such as diesel, kerosene/LPG used in standalone system.

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International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology eISSN: 2455-7293 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Innovative Solar Power Technology to Generate Electricity Rajveer Singh1*, Neeru Goyal1, Harendra Singh2, Ashok Kumar Saini3 1

Department of Electrical Engineering, Govt. Polytechnic College, Alwar (Raj), India 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.E.T, M.I.A., Alwar (Raj), India 3 Department of Computer Sciences, Poornima University, Jaipur (Raj), India

ABSTRACT India is undergoing a massive development in al spheres be it real estate, transport, power, industry, education, agriculture, urban and rural lifestyle etc. everything needs energy and power. At present India has installed capacity of power generation from all the resources of about 1.59 GW with a declared shortage of about 13.3% in peak load supply. Further there are regular power cuts in the most of the cities and a very erratic, low quality and inadequate power supply in rural areas. The capacity addition every year taking place is not commensurate with the ever increasing demand in the country. Hence, three is utmost need to harness power from all resources. Further due to environment concerns, spiraling fuel prices, fuel security concerns and support for green power, it has become imperative to look forward for renewable energy i.e. from wind, biomass, small hydro and solar energy etc. as a source for energy independence. Keywords: energy independence, green power, peak load

INTRODUCTION Energy plays a vital role in the economic growth of developing country like India. Due to rapid decrease of fossil fuels, the different renewable energy sources should be developed and designed in order to cope with such humungous energy requirements. Solar energy is one of the most widely used alternative energy resources. Solar radiation consists of light and heat energy. This proposed article focuses on harnessing heat energy from solar radiation to generate electricity. The technology used for this purpose is known as concentrated solar thermal power (CST).[1] SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY Solar thermal energy systems use the sun energy to supply heat, such as for solar water heating and in higher temperature

systems that generates the sufficient energy to drive machines for power generation. There are number of solar thermal technologies that are considered for power generation. These are:  Lower temperature applications such as solar chimney and solar ponds.  Concentrated solar thermal power (CST). Lower Temperature Solar Thermal Systems Solar Ponds A solar pond is a big reservoir of salty water that stores solar heat and uses this heat for power generation or other applications. Solar ponds up to 5 MW have been developed and operated in Israel, but are not currently being developed for large scale commercial power production.[2]

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International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology eISSN: 2455-7293 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Study of the Performance of Grid Connected Battery Storage 10 kW Solar Photovoltaic Plant in 100 m2 Area at Kota Rajasthan Umesh Gunjal1*, Bhuvnesh Kumar Sharma2 1

Department of Pure and Applied Physics, M. Tech Solar Energy, University of Kota, Kota, Rajasthan, India 2 Department of Science and Technology, Regional Office, Kota, Rajasthan, India

ABSTRACT Solar energy is pure, unlimited environment-friendly and a potential resource among the different renewable energy options. But stand-alone solar photovoltaic system or a wind energy system cannot continuously supply energy because of seasonal and periodic variations in an environment of the earth. Therefore, in order to assure the load demand, grid-connected energy system are now being implement that merges solar and conventional conversion units. The purpose of this work is to estimate the performance of grid connected solar photovoltaic power plant with battery storage system in Department of Science and Technology Science Center Kota, Rajasthan and finally develop a system based on the potential estimations made for an available area of 100 m2. The primary focus of this paper is to determine the energy storage system can be reduced the effect of solar intermittency. Equipment specifications are provided on the base of the availability of the elements in Indian market. Keywords: diurnal variations, monthly energy output, grid connected photovoltaic system, solar radiation, yearly power output

INTRODUCTION Renewable energy is defined as the power that comes from resources which are continually replaced on a human timescale such as sunlight, the wind, rain, geothermal tides, and waves. Grid connected solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system is directly change the sunlight into electricity which is fed directly into the grid as shown in Figure 1. This will be a superior way to increases the electricity production capacity in the country. Solar energy, being a renewable resource, will also provide energy without toxic and greenhouse gas emission. This can go a long way to help mitigate the adverse effect of global warming as well as contribute to sustainable energy development. While many renewable energy projects are big-scale, renewable technologies are also suitable for rural and remote areas. The Photovoltaic systems

are made for supply power to electrical AC, DC loads. They are depending on the application, the load power may require during the daytime or during the nighttime only or still for 24 hours a day. By the photovoltaic system we get electricity [1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;4] most powerfully during the daytime. But at night or during cloudy session photovoltaic system does not generate electricity. So, we have tried to develop photovoltaic system with battery storage system. Battery energy storage is normally add to address power demand surges, store generated power during low demand, and continues to supply power to the load during cloudy or night time conditions. [5]

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International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology eISSN: 2455-7293 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Study of Degrading Performance of Solar PV Panels Due To Effect of Dust Accumulation in Jaipur Upendra Singh Chauhan*, Gopal Kumar Department of Electrical Engineeering, Poornima University, Jaipur, India

ABSTRACT Solar photo voltaic (PV) systems are a promising method of generating electrical power from renewable energy in all over world right now. However, light obstruction on the solar panel due to dust accumulation can significantly influence the performance and efficiency of the system, and thus can affect the cash flow of the system operators. Instead of this problem, only small studies have been conducted on the nature of dust accumulation on solar PV panels. Many of the studies suggested different solutions but not proved significant. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of dust build-up on the performance of solar PV panel in one of the location in Jaipur. This work would allow appropriate scheduling for cleaning of the panels. The study was conducted on real-time basis on a building's roof. Measurements of irradiation, power output and the equivalent mass of dust collected were performed on hourly, daily, weekly and monthly basis. It was observed from the study that the system's performance could drop by about 6% annually. On the Gopal Kumar(student),Poornima University Department of Electrical Engineeering maintenance aspect, in order to continue economical operation, the cleaning interval should be every two months for industrial-scale systems that generate a minimum of 100 MWh/day. The interval would be shorter (i.e. one month) for smaller systems (residential). Keywords: dust, photo voltaic, efficiency, maintenance

INTRODUCTION Most of the electrical power generated around the world is mainly derived from non-renewable energy sources, especially fossil fuels. However, these resources are non-perishable and would be depleted at some time in the future. Therefore, other sources of energy, which are renewable and environmentally friendly, are required. Solar energy is a promising clean energy source of the future. Among the advantages of solar energy are it is long lasting, can be used almost anywhere and it provides cost effective solutions to energy problems. According to the International Energy Agency, the global energy consumption will increase by 53% in 2030, with 70% of the growth coming from developing countries.

In Jaipur, the application of solar PV technology is seen as one of the sensible solutions adopted by many cities in overcoming issues pertaining to shortage in energy supply and also the environment. It was reported that among all the renewable energy sources, solar energy would be the most prospective one in Jaipur because this city belongs to a state known for the abundance of sun energy and heat. The government has promoted a variety of energy related policies and tried to sustain the energy demand.

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