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International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour

International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour is a peer-reviewed journal focused on electromechanical modeling and Micro-electro mechanical systems. The aim of this journal is to promote advances in electrical machines and instruments, research in Kinematics and dynamic analysis, wear and degradation of material, mechanical behavior of materials, fluid dynamics and sophisticated motion control. With this in mind journal anticipate that all contributions would offer substantial result and will have a lasting effect on the field of research. Journal seeks work that presents innovation and promise future research.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Wear and degradation of materials ! Electromechanical modelling ! Micro-electro mechanical systems ! Kinematics and dynamic analysis ! Micro scale heat transfer ! Fluid power engineering ! Mechanical/magnetic behavior and testing of metals ! Structure of materials, elasticity, plasticity and failure ! Mechanical behaviour of metals, ceramics, polymers, fiber and composite ! Sophisticated motion control and hand-held electronic/photographic devices

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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. N. Bose Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Virudhunagar, India

Dr. Pankaj Thakur IEC University, Solan, India

Dr. Sam Paul Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India

Bo-Wun Huang China

Dr. Ajith Ramesh Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Nagar, Coimbatore, India

Dr. Krishna Lok Singh Structural Technologies Division (STTD), National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore (Karnataka), India

Dr. Vasudev Malhotra Y.M.C.A University of Science and Technology, (State Govt. University), Faridabad (Haryana), India

Dr. K R Sivadas Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering, Kadayiruppu, India

Dr. Wang Wei Wang Wei Tianjin University, China

Dr. Basel Alsayyed Department of Mechanical Engineering, UAE University, United Arab Emirates

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour. This journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Electro Mechanics issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Electro Mechanics as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electro Mechanics in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Wear and degradation of materials, Electro-mechanical modelling, Micro-electro mechanical systems, Kinematics and dynamic analysis, Micro scale heat transfer, etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electro Mechanics and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Mechanical Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Electro Mechanics. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electro Mechanics. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Effect of Transversely Material in a Disc with Inclusion and Subjected to Load Pankaj Thakur, Sandeep Kumar, Vandna

2. Experimental Investigation and Analysis on the Wear Behavior of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced With Silicon Carbide and Graphite M. Aravindh, C. Velmurugan

3. Optimization of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welding by Using Doe S. Rengaraj, V. Manivel Muralidaran

4. Study of Wear Behaviour of Al6061 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite in Braking Applications G. Prasanth, S. Rajesh

5. Investigation of Mechanical Behaviour on Natural Fiber (Sisal/Banana) Reinforced Epoxy Composite R. Karthikeyan, M.V. Shanmugam, P. Divyakumar

International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Effect of Transversely Material in a Disc with Inclusion and Subjected to Load Pankaj Thakur1*, Sandeep Kumar2, Vandna1 1

Department of Mathematics, IEC University Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India 2 Mahatma Gandhi University, Meghalaya, India

Abstract It can be concluded that rotating made of brass material required the lesser value of angular speed to yield at the internal surface as compared to disc made of beryl material. Mechanical load increased the values of angular speed yield at the internal surface for magnesium, beryl, and brass materials. Transversely material disc is on the safer side of the design. Keywords: disc, shaft, stresses, transversely, yielding

INTRODUCTION Rotating disks are important components in various mechanical engineering applications, e.g., radial impact on wheels, transverse loading of disc brakes, dynamic loadings of disc drives, radial or transverse excitation of circular saw blades, impacts of meteorites on spinning satellites, impacts of soft bodies on rotating engine discs and blades, compressor, turbo generators, pumps, compressors, flywheels, shrink fits, automotive braking systems, ship propellers, rotors, disk brakes, hard disks, optical discs and gas turbines.[1] These are often subject to loading or excitation in the transverse (outof-plane) direction. Analysis of rotating disks has been studied by a number of researchers. One can find lots of works dealing mainly with the transverse vibrations of circular or annular plates and with the in-plane vibrations of stationary or rotating discs. Theory of continuum mechanics predicting deformations of composite materials depends relatively upon characteristic structural dimensions, the severity of stress and thermal gradients, and the relative scale and

periodicity of the material’s internal structure. The application of this transversely isotropic theory is made to the plane strain problem of a thick walled cylindrical tube subjected to internal and external pressure and a radial temperature distribution. The first is that it provides a simple structure that can be solved analytically, thereby supplying a benchmark problem for structural analysis code verification. [2] Second, the thrust chambers of reusable rocket engines, notably the NASA Space Shuttle main engine, and tubular composite test specimens may be geometrically idealized as such. This enables a qualitative examination of the effect of fiber reinforcement on the stress, strain and deformation distributions. Kirkner [3] studied vibration of a rigid disc on a transversely isotropic elastic half space. Mahalanabis and Chakrabarti [4–7] have investigated external thermal crack problem in a transversely isotropic elastic medium. Arnold [2] studied transversely isotropic thermo-elastic theory and thermo-elastic transversely isotropic thick walled cylinder/disk application: an

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International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Experimental Investigation and Analysis on the Wear Behavior of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced With Silicon Carbide and Graphite M. Aravindh1*, C. Velmurugan2 1

Industrial Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract Among the engineering practiced material, the utilization of aluminum based material is rapidly increasing in all domains especially in aerospace and automobile industries due to excellent physical properties such as low density, low weight and low production cost. But there are constraints in frictional resistance and wear rate, thus result in poor limit of seizure and to overcome the above, addition of silicon carbide and graphite is added as a supplementary. Thus result in improvement of wear behavior. Stir casting was employed for producing hybrid reinforcement composites and pin on disc apparatus were used for wear testing of samples. Design of experiments DOE helps in conducting experiments and those experimental values are formulated through response surface methodology RSM. Scanning electron microscope SEM provides the analyzing technique to test composite specimen. The objective of this research is to investigate and optimize the influence of most predominant heat treatment parameter of Al 6061 hybrid composites and to obtain the optimal value and interaction effect for the response factor such as aging time, aging temperature, solutionizing time, solutionizing temperature thereby reducing volume loss. An attempt is made to improve the performance of reduced abrasion, adhesion and delamination on the surface of composite. The research is further justified with optimal value on decreased volume loss without errors and deviations using MINITAB SOFTWARE. Keywords: aluminum alloys, heat treatment parameters, hybrid composites, reinforcement, wear

INTRODUCTION In Modern days technology is growing at a very rapid rate and it requires high materials with effective properties and efficient performance which usual monolithic materials could not provide. Materials used in engineering applications could not provide sufficient optimum level of strength, stiffness and wear [1–3] resistance. The importance of aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) is rapidly increasing day to day since it possess the

quality of high strength, stiffness, low density and wear resistance and they have the potential and caliber to replace their massive counterparts mainly in automotive, aerospace and energy applications. [2–9] Composite resources are created by mixing two or more materials such that they have enhanced engineering properties than the conventional materials. These materials are gaining popularity since comparatively

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International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Optimization of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welding by Using Doe S. Rengaraj1*, V. Manivel Muralidaran2 1

Industrial Engineering, Kumaraguru College of technology, Coimbatore, India Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) is solid state joining process. This technique is energy efficient, environment friendly and versatile. Welding is a multiinput-output process in which quality of weld joint is depends upon an input parameter. Experiments are conducted here, with a tool having a cylindrical pin of 0.4mm clearance. The process parameters are optimized using the Taguchi technique based on Taguchiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s L9 orthogonal array. Experiments have been conducted based on three process namely, the tool rotational speed, tool tilt angle and transverse speed. Tensile strength has been predicted for the Optimum welding parameters and their percentage of contribution in producing a better joint is calculated, by applying the effect of the signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance. Based on the study, the tool transverse speed is found to be the influencing factor over the other process parameters, and it enhances the quality of the weld on aluminium plate Al(6061). The optimum tensile strength is predicted through Taguchi technique. Confirmation tests have been performed for the resulting optimum parameter and the maximum tensile strength was found. Keywords: ANOVA, Friction stir welding, Taughchi, tenstile strength

INTRODUCTION We usually need a proper technique to join materials having higher hardness property and tensile strength. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a recent addition to the welding process and it is a solid state joining technique it was performed on Al and its alloys is now carried out on copper, magnesium and different material combinations. Different tool pin profiles have been used to weld aluminium alloys, and it has been found that the tapered pin gave defective welds when compared to other profiles. [1] The cylindrical tool has been reported to give better joint strength because of the easy penetration of the pin inside the aluminium plate with reduced pin failures. The amount of friction heat produced for a better weld depends mainly on the process parameters, such as the tool

rotational speed, plunge depth, plunge force, tool tilt angle and travel speed. Apart from the highest influencing process parameters, such as the rotating speed of the tool and traverse speed in FSW, the tool tilt angle is an added process parameter which could give better results in the FSW of aluminium. Tensile strength is the powerful mechanical property to optimize the process parameter of the weld to achieve a better joint. The most efficient and simple way of designing an experiment can be achieved by the Taguchi method which helps to find out the most significant process parameter among the parameter combinations, by using the analysis of

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International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Study of Wear Behaviour of Al6061 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite in Braking Applications G. Prasanth1*, S. Rajesh2 1

Industrial Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract The present article investigates dry sliding wear behaviours of Aluminium 6061 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite (AlHMMC). Cast Iron(CI), the classic material used in automobile brake which can be replaced by light weight, low corrosion and high strength AlHMMC’s in order to overcome its deficiencies. The main objective of this work to investigate the sliding wear behaviour of Al6061 composites reinforce MoS2 particles and to optimize the process parameters in braking applications. The composite was prepared by using stir casting technique. Taguchi, an optimization technique is been used to obtain the optimal combinations input parameters which will positively influence the wear rate and coefficient of friction. Dry sliding wear test method was used to conduct the experiments by using Ducom made pin-on-disc wear testing machine. Design of Experiment was selected for analysis of the data. Investigation about applied load, sliding speed, sliding distance on wear rate and coefficient of friction during wearing process was carried out using ANOVA. Results show that applied load has the highest influence followed by sliding distance and sliding velocity. Keywords: aluminium hybrid metal matrix composite, brake, design of experiments, pin on disc, stir casting

INTRODUCTION Aluminium silicon alloys and composites are being used in automotive applications like pistons, brake rotors and engine block cylinder liners. Wear resistance of material is combined with both optimum material strength (hardness) and toughness properties. The increasing strength (in metallic materials with sufficient toughness) has generally been observed to increase wear resistance in many wear environments. The effect of type of reinforcements such as alumina, SiC particle and the outcome of this work clearly states that, particulate reinforcement results in improving the wear resistance of MMCs. [1]The MMCs

fabrication technique plays a vital role in enhancing the tribological and mechanical properties, in this aspect the author had slightly modified the fabrication procedure as follows, materials placed in a graphite crucible and are heated in an inert atmosphere, then the molten metal undergone two step stirring action to maintain homogenous distribution of reinforcements. [2] From the comparison of performance characteristics of Al alloy reinforced with 5 wt% SiC fabricated through stir casting and powder metallurgy, it is a piece of evidence that the stir casting specimens have superior

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International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Investigation of Mechanical Behaviour on Natural Fiber (Sisal/Banana) Reinforced Epoxy Composite R. Karthikeyan1*, M.V. Shanmugam2, P. Divyakumar3 1

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India Department of Mechanical Engineering, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Tiruchengode, India 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, India

Abstract This project investigates tensile, flexural, impact and compression behavior of sisal &banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites. which is used for the purpose of decoration parts for constructions, inner parts and automobile and boat. Sisal fiber is a promising reinforcement for use in composites on account of its low cost, low density, high specific strength and modulus, no health risk, easy availability in some countries and renewability. Fiber is reinforced with epoxy resin in different volume fraction. The experimental values shows that the tensile and flexural properties of sisal & banana fiber reinforced composite increases with increase in fiber content and 40:60 volume fractions (Vf) of sisal and banana fiber contained composite gives the maximum tensile and flexural strength. The 60:40 volume fractions (Vf) of sisal and banana fiber contained composite gives the maximum impact strength. The 40:60 volume fractions (Vf) of sisal and banana fiber contained composite gives the maximum compression strength. The experiment shows 40:60 volume fraction (Vf) of the composite achieves better performance compare with other different Volume fractions (Vf) of the sisal-banana fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Keywords: impact and compression behavior, tensile, flexural, volume fraction – Vf

INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been an increase in interestin the use of natural fibers to reinforce composite materials. In comparison with synthetic fibers, natural fibers are low in cost, low density, and have highly specific properties. Epoxy matrix composites as the name indicate, consists of epoxy as the matrix, filed with other materials. This type of composites is easy to produce with minimum cost and have better performances. A composite material is a combination of two or more materials that give a unique combination of properties. One of the materials of stiff, long fibers and other is made of a binder or ‘matrix’ which holds the fiber in place. More recently natural fibers have been

used along with fiber materials. The natural fibers are extracted from the naturally available plants. The availability of natural fibers such as Jute, Coir, Bamboo, Banana, Sisal, Pineapple, etc. [1] To rise the development of natural fiber composite. In the field of automation and structural engineering this type of natural fibers composites are readily used. (1) Natural fibers are readily used as reinforcement in Epoxy composites. The use of coupling agent with Epoxi are discussed and evaluated. The thermo kinetic mixer is used to mix the sisal fiber with the polymeric matrix with speed rate of 5250 rpm, in which fiber where

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« « « «

¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

« « « «

Nursing « « « « «

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Jan – June 2016

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

www.journalspub.com

IJEMMB