International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies vol 2 issue 2 by JournalsPub

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20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing «

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution 1 more...

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

JUL–DEC 2016

Development

International Journal of Water Resources Engineering International Journal of Concrete Technology International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering International Journal of Wireless Network Security International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices International Journal of Software Computing and Testing International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms 5 more...

International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits International Journal of Automatic Control System International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering « International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and 4 more... Circuits

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Nursing

Material Sciences and Engineering

International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing

« « « «

International Journal of Energetic Materials International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering 4 more...

« « « «

International Journal of Photochemistry International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry International Journal of Green Chemistry International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering 3 more...

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

IJESET

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

« « « « «

Embedded Systems & Emerging Technologies

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

5 more...

Signals

« « « « «

International Journal of

Mechanical Engineering

Biomaterials International Journal of Plant Biotechnology International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and 3 more... Applications

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of Embedded System and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are related to Embedded Systems. All articles presented here are peer-reviewed and are of good quality.

Focus and Scope of the Journal  Real-time embedded systems  Real-time digital media  Hybrid embedded systems  Serial communication interfaces  Synchronous serial communication interface  Multimedia cards  Timers and time processing units  Analog to digital/digital to analog (ADC/DAC)  Digital systems interfacing  Embedded computing and communication systems 

Artificial intelligence

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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Dheeraj Joshi Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department DTU, Delhi, India

Dr. I.Kathir Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. V. Balaji Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Dr. Mahesh N. Jivani Department of Electronics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India.

Ghassan Akram Abed Communication Department, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

Dr. D Selvathi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, TamilNadu, India

Dinesh Kumar Electronics Communication Engineering VITS, Hyderabad,India

Kamal Kumar Ranga Computer Science and Engg. Department Ganga Institute of Technology and Management Harayan, India.

Vijay R. Wadhankar Rtmnu University Wardha, India.

Dr. Oscar Onuke University of Lagos, Senior Engineering consultant Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation NNPC, Abuja, Nigeria

Isidro Duran College of Computer Science, AGOO, LA UNION Philippines

Dr. Vinod Kumar Shukla Amity University Dubai Campus, United Arab Emirates

Dr. Pratibhamoy Das Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India

Senthil Venkatesalu Founder & Managing Director ZOLD Automation & Networking Academy, Pune Center For Automation Technology, Cochin, India

S Murugun Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India

Amitav Pani IPER Business School, Bhubaneswar, India

Dr. Santosh Kumar Agrahari Poornima University, Jaipur, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies. This journal is part of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Real-time embedded systems Real-time digital media, Hybrid embedded systems, Serial communication interfaces, Synchronous serial communication interface, Multimedia cards, Timers and time processing units, Analog to digital/digital to analog (ADC/DAC), Digital systems interfacing, Embedded computing and communication systems, Artificial intelligence. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Comparative Study of Searching Algorithms for Databases and Present New Idea for Better Searching Javad Saghi, Morteza Zahedi

2. Microcontroller-Based Automatic Power Off and Bill Metering System M. Agnihotri, D. Bichwe, J. Bansal, P.V. Rao

3. Path Navigation System Arpita Karhadkar, Abde Ali Mewawala, Mansi Soley, Mehvish Khan

4. An Effective Obstacle Alert Parking System Based on AT89S52 Microcontroller Using Ultrasonic Sensor Parag Sharma, Pankaj Tatiwal, Pravin Sinha

5. A New Prepaid Energy Meter Using AT89S52 Microcontroller Shruti Biware, Kamashya Mishra

International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Comparative Study of Searching Algorithms for Databases and Present New Idea for Better Searching Javad Saghi*, Morteza Zahedi

Department of Artificial Intelligence Engineering, Kerman Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

ABSTRACT Meta-heuristics encompass a very wide range of algorithms, all having very different underlying principles. But all these algorithms are stochastic in nature. Big data is an emerging field. Big data has some of its own problem, some of them being the optimization problems. This paper gives a brief glimpse of Meta-heuristics and its algorithm, big data and its corresponding fields. In the last section we also explain how these algorithms can be incorporated with big data. Keywords: algorithms, big data, heuristics

METAHEURISTICS Introduction In today’s world, most of the problems are complex, non-linear and have a very large solution space. This requires the use of a technique that is capable of solving such problems in real time. Several of these are optimization problems. A technique used to solve an optimization problem is called an optimization technique. An optimization problem in computer science is a problem in which we aim to find a solution that attains a maximum/minimum score in some aspect. When a feasible solution of the problem reaches its maximum/minimum with respect to some quality measure, then it is called an optimal solution. Optimization techniques can be classified as stochastic and deterministic. Stochastic optimization methods are optimization methods that use random variables to decide for control flow. On the other hand, deterministic optimization methods are the ones which involve no randomness. A deterministic model will thus always have the same output from a given starting condition.[1-5]

Another classification for optimization algorithms may be - exact methods and approximation techniques. Exact methods guarantee the optimum solution though the time taken may be enormous for large instances of NP-hard problems, the examples are - branch and bound algorithm, dynamic programming, etc. On the other hand, approximation methods give results in a comparatively less amount of time but the solution may not be the best possible. The approximation techniques can be further classified as approximation algorithms and heuristic methods. Approximate algorithms are those algorithms which find a rough, coarse-grained solution to the optimization problem. These algorithms guarantee a certain quality in the solution but do not guarantee to reach the best, however, using comparatively small time frame. On the contrary, a heuristic search is an approach to problems solving that incorporates the

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Microcontroller-Based Automatic Power Off and Bill Metering System M. Agnihotri*, D. Bichwe, J. Bansal, P.V. Rao

Department of Electronics, Mahakal Institute of Technology and Science, Ujjain, India

ABSTRACT In this paper, we implemented a system by which we can measure the consumption of electricity and also the system can OFF the device, when it’s not working for longer time. This implemented model is based on embedded system. An embedded system is anything that runs software, which is not a computer. It is a special purpose computer to perform one or few dedicate function. In this system, two operations are performed simultaneously. If any device connected to the circuit, the circuit automatically offs the device, when it is not in used and shows the bill of the power consumed by the device in the rupees. When the device is in working condition, the supply of power goes on, when it is not in used the power cut off, at the same time it shows how much power is consumed in that working period. The devices is connected to the circuit via relay and placed in the vicinity of the sensor. When the temperature of the device is increased beyond the certain limit, the sensor gives output to the comparator IC. The comparator compares output to the predefined value and produce output to the microcontroller. Then the microcontroller gives signal to the relay and the relay cut off the device from the mains. At the same time, bill is generated. If the relay disconnect the device from the mains, at the same time the microcontroller gives signal to the stepper motor to stop and the bill is displayed on the LCD screen. Keywords: auto-power off, bill metering system, embedded system, microcontroller

INTRODUCTION We use a lot of electronic devices in our day today life. Now-a-days these devices are being a part of our life. Nobody is intact of these devices. Of course these devices are useful, but sometimes it gives reverse effect on our economic condition, if it is used unnecessary. There are so many devices are in the market which control the power supply and save the power, but at the same time they cannot show how much power is to be used for particular purpose. In day today life we use electric fan, iron, microwave oven, electric heater etc. sometime people forget to switch off these

devices, resulting unnecessary power consumption. Here we introduce a circuit, which not only control the unnecessary use of power but also shows how much power is to be used. Our circuit ” Auto power off & Bill metering system”, which means it cut the power when the power is not required and also shows how much power is used when it is in working condition. Our circuit is based on Embedded System. An embedded system is anything that runs software, which is not a computer. It is a special purpose computer to perform one or few dedicate function. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Path Navigation System Arpita Karhadkar*, Abde Ali Mewawala, Mansi Soley, Mehvish Khan

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mahakal Institute of Technology, Ujjain, India

ABSTRACT In today’s world where every minute is important for all of us and so we must spend it accordingly that is the main reason why the use of automation in every activities is increasing day by day. Path navigation system is one of them. With the help of this we can follow the desired path without any trouble. Considering this thing, we have implemented a “Path Navigation System” which is based on interfacing of 128×64 GLCD with PSOC. The main aim of this system is to navigate desired path for the user. Keywords: ARM controller, GLCD, path navigation, PSOC

INTRODUCTION There are so many navigation system has been already developed to the people to go their destination place. GPS system is very common in automobile vehicle, aircrafts, mobile device etc. With the help of this, we can go to our correct destination place. But the GPS system requires strong network connection. Without strong network connection, we unable to find our destination place. Navigation systems guide the user moving from one place to another have improved recently with the rapid advances in positioning, communication, and spatial data storage and processing technologies.[1] In this paper, we have implemented a system that is to work with weak network signals. This service will work in the areas having very week networks like rural or remote places as all it needs is a very minimal GPS/CDMA connection.[2] It is based on embedded systems, which is compiled and burned with the software PSOC creator. Four switches are provided to select the desired destination, whose path will be displayed on the GLCD which is controlled by ARM controller. The displayed path will be in the form of arrows along with the landmarks and

images. We have also used an audio device ipod and an IR sensor for detection. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION The components required to make such system includes. PSoC (Programmable System-on-Chip) Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC) is one and only world’s programmable embedded system-on-chip integrating an MCU core (8-, 32-bit options), programmable analog blocks (PAB), programmable interconnect, programmable digital blocks (PDB and routing, and CapSense capacitive [3] sensing. PSoC Creator is the second generation software IDE to design debug and program the PSoC 3/4/5 devices. The development IDE is combined with graphical design editor to form a powerful hardware/software codesign environment. PSoC Creator consists of two basic building blocks. The program that permits the user to select, configure and connect existing circuits on the chip and the components which are the equivalent of peripherals on MCUs. What makes PSoC

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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An Effective Obstacle Alert Parking System Based on AT89S52 Microcontroller Using Ultrasonic Sensor Parag Sharma*, Pankaj Tatiwal, Pravin Sinha

Department of Electrical, Poornima University, Jaipur, India

ABSTRACT On grounds of safety & security, automation & protection are the areas which find their applications in almost all the fields as they make human life more comfortable, economic & less rigid. This paper is about for developing a module which assists and warn a car driver it continuously detects the obstacle so as to avoid accidental situation while reversing the vehicle. This system can be used in vehicles, handy tool for disabled person, robotics, medical field, measurement, agriculture and industrial applications. These is a microcontroller based system in which an ultrasonic sensor transmits ultrasonic waves from its sensor head and once more receives the ultrasonic waves reflected from an obstacle and inform the microcontroller which signals the driver with an alarm and controls the vehicle by stopping it. This system endures mainly the obstacle detection module, which is interfaced with AT89S52 microcontroller. The hardware circuits of entire system and the success of several key technologies are considered, including transducer structure and parameters selection, design of the corresponding circuit and AT89S52 microcontroller which is used as systems main control unit. Keywords: AT89S52 microcontroller, automation, embedded system, piezoelectric, ultrasonic sensor

INTRODUCTION The development in automobile innovation is presently pulling in electronics engineers. The reason is, presently automobile is not a mechanical system but rather gets to be intelligent automobile with an electromechanical system. Lately automobile are completely furnished with electronic systems and electronic sensors. One of them is Intelligent Vehicle Assistance System. The point of this system is to prevent accident with other vehicle or any protest while moving backward heading [1]. This system has been intended to help driver to prevent accident while stopping backward course. Separate sensors are utilized to detect the articles and used to

recognize the distance. The system utilizes distance sensor as range finder, microcontroller to process calculation. It shows result on LCD screen and ready people on foot by buzzer and blazing LED lights. The system is enacted when the reverse gear is applied. At that point it persistently shows the distance of the obstacle on LCD show while turning around. It cautions the person on foot with flashing light and buzzer. At the point when the obstacle is close i.e. the distance amongst vehicle and obstruction is underneath limit esteem the system consequently applies brakes. It first searches down accessible stopping region. The microprocessor makes a calculation about car length and accessible space and

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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A New Prepaid Energy Meter Using AT89S52 Microcontroller Shruti Biware*, Kamashya Mishra

School of Engineering and Technology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India

ABSTRACT A plan of Electricity charging system called PREPAID ENERGY METER WITH TARIFF INDICATOR can encourage in enhanced trade stream administration out energy utilities and can diminishes issue connected with charging buyer living in confined range and decreases organization of labor for taking meter readings. Each shopper can purchase a memory card (is only an EEPROM IC) with a secret word put away inside it utilizing a MC program. The memory card is accessible at different reaches (i.e. Rs 50, Rs 100, Rs 200 etc).In our venture we have given the name for memory card as savvy card. At the point when the purchaser embed a brilliant card into the card reader which is associated in prepaid energy meter with levy pointer unit. The card reader will read the put away data and erase the data from the EEPROM IC (smart card) utilizing the MC program. So that the brilliant card cannot be reused by others. Assume if a buyer purchases a card for Rs.50/â&#x20AC;&#x201C;so on. He/she can embed this sum through the card reader so that prepaid vitality meter with duty pointer unit will be actuated. As indicated by the power utilization the sum will be lessened. At the point when the sum is over, the transfers will naturally close down the entire system. In this paper, we additionally have an arrangement to give a caution sound to buyer before the entire sum is decreased. Keywords: card reader, EEPROM, IC, prepaid energy meter, smart card

INTRODUCTION Prepaid Energy Meter using Smart Cards is an efficient scheme of electricity billing. It is more advantageous to consumers and industrial power plant in terms of revenue and power sector reforms.[1] Electricity is a main source of energy in the world and used in every civilized country for domestic, commercial and industrial purpose. Currently owing to raise in number of new housing, commercial and industrial developments in India, the number of users of electricity have been increased in the network distribution. The monthly power bill for the consumers is evaluated from post-paid meter reading based on the electricity consumption. But the disadvantage of this system is that meter checkers are needed to visit every

house to read the meter for billing purposes. This is a tedious and error prone process. Moreover, there is a chance for electricity consumers as well as meter checkers to do the corruption. In post-paid system,[2] the monthly bill sent to the consumer by mail in the beginning of the month and all the consumers often need to gather in a long queue to pay the bills. This method is tedious and time consuming. In this paper, a prepaid energy meter (PPM) system[3] has been designed. Each consumer has to install digitally designed prepaid energy meter along with smart card in their home, office, etc.

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Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India E-mail: info@journalspub.com

20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing «

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution 1 more...

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

JUL–DEC 2016

Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

« « « «

Nursing

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

IJESET

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

« « « « «

Embedded Systems & Emerging Technologies

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

5 more...

Signals

« « « « «

International Journal of

Mechanical Engineering

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences