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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of Embedded System and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are related to Embedded Systems. All articles presented here are peer-reviewed and are of good quality.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Real-time embedded systems ! Real-time digital media ! Hybrid embedded systems ! Serial communication interfaces ! Synchronous serial communication interface ! Multimedia cards ! Timers and time processing units ! Analog to digital/digital to analog (ADC/DAC) ! Digital systems interfacing ! Embedded computing and communication systems !

Artificial intelligence

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Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Dheeraj Joshi Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department DTU, Delhi, India

Dr. I.Kathir Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. V. Balaji Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Dr. Mahesh N. Jivani Department of Electronics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India.

Ghassan Akram Abed Communication Department, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

Dr. D Selvathi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, TamilNadu, India

Dinesh Kumar Electronics Communication Engineering VITS, Hyderabad,India

Kamal Kumar Ranga Computer Science and Engg. Department Ganga Institute of Technology and Management Harayan, India.

Vijay R. Wadhankar Rtmnu University Wardha, India.

Dr. Oscar Onuke University of Lagos, Senior Engineering consultant Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation NNPC, Abuja, Nigeria

Isidro Duran College of Computer Science, AGOO, LA UNION Philippines

Dr. Vinod Kumar Shukla Amity University Dubai Campus, United Arab Emirates

Dr. Pratibhamoy Das Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India

Senthil Venkatesalu Founder & Managing Director ZOLD Automation & Networking Academy, Pune Center For Automation Technology, Cochin, India

S Murugun Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India

Amitav Pani IPER Business School, Bhubaneswar, India

Dr. Santosh Kumar Agrahari Poornima University, Jaipur, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies. This journal is part of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Real-time embedded systems Real-time digital media, Hybrid embedded systems, Serial communication interfaces, Synchronous serial communication interface, Multimedia cards, Timers and time processing units, Analog to digital/digital to analog (ADC/DAC), Digital systems interfacing, Embedded computing and communication systems, Artificial intelligence. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this very first issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Emerging Technologies Senthil Venkatesalu

2. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;V Measurement System for Solar Simulator Abhilasha Sehgal, Arun Kumar Wadwani

3. Hair Pattern Biometric Detection: A Review Law Kumar Singh, Manav Agarwal

4. Study of ECG Signal by Using Different Order Kaiser Window and Neural Network Arvind Ambey, Vandana Vikas Thakre

5. An Exclusive Review on Content-Based Retrieval System Sachin, Yashpal Singh

6. A Review on MongoDB Data Design Vandana Sehgal, Neetu Sharma

7. Solar Tracking and Battery Automation Chaitanya Patil, Ranjeet Kirulkar, Pratik Savadi, Ravindra Patil

International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Emerging Technologies Senthil Venkatesalu

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND THE EMBEDDED CONTROL ARCHITECTURE Part 1 Emerging technologies are technologies that are perceived as capable of changing the way we live and react. These technologies are generally new but include older technologies relatively undeveloped in potential, such as 3D printing, artificial intelligence, robotics etc.Apart from these hi-tech areas, technologies are also emerging to cater to the basic needs of mankind like food capsules, gene therapy, earthquake resistant habitats, green buildings, agricultural drones, and shrink free textiles. So to put Emerging Technologies in one context is absolutely impossible. Every engineer, every scientist or every doctor believes that what he or she is doing or expects to be done in his own field is the next best technology to benefit mankind. However a consensus can be easily reached with respect to some emerging technologies that are cross functional and a real necessity in the near future. For example, if I ask you whether we need shrink free textiles or solar street lights to be perfected in the near future, most of the time you will opt for solar street lights. Because you want shrink free textiles but you need solar street lights for obvious reasons. With this sense of understanding, I would like to highlight some of the technologies emerging that are a real necessity in the immediate future.[1] 1. Solar Power - Solar energy is perhaps the most prolific of the alternative energy sources. Solar panels have been around for a while, but they’re not very efficient. There’s enormous room for

improvement, and it’s really starting to boom. As with many of these technologies, prices have been dropping quickly, and it could soon be plausible for the average homeowner to install solar panels on their home and become completely energy independent.

The sides of a building could be fitted with new technology thin photovoltaic cells that can come in different colors. This converts sunlight into electricity, reflects heat and thereby reducing the air-conditioning costs in the building. Bus waiting sheds could be fitted with solar roofs and the produced electricity could power a Wi-Fi based bus schedule lcd projector, provide charging sockets for mobile phones and tablets, power a Wi-Fi based advertisement panel, power one or two LED bulbs during the night and power a host of environment sensors that could help the meteorology department in forecasting weather. Many such applications could be thought of in the wake of smart cities development in India.

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2: Issue 1

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I–V Measurement System for Solar Simulator Abhilasha Sehgal1*, Arun Kumar Wadwani2 1

Department of Electrical Engineer, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India 2 Research and Development, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India

Abstract This paper deals with “I–V Measurement system for solar simulator”. In this paper, device developed is capable of handling solar cell model of open voltage from 6 to 60 V with the short circuit current upto 10 A. For the linear I–V characteristics measurement a linear current source from 0 to 2 A is resemble with a BJT amplifier and the measurement time for the current is 1 ms. In this research a noninductive 1 Ohm 2 W load resistor is used which forms voltage proportional at the current rate of 2 kA/s. Results of the measurement are presented in this paper. Keywords: bipolar junction transistor (BJT), simulator, transformer, zener diode

INTRODUCTION Solar energy i.e. energy from the sun provide consistent and steady source of solar power throughout the year. As our non-renewable resources are set to decline in the year to come, it is important for us to move towards renewable sources of energy like wind, hydropower, biomass and tidal. Solar energy has the greatest potential of all the sources of renewable energy. The main benefit of solar energy is that it can be easily deployed by both home and business users as it does not require any huge set up like in case of wind or geothermal power. Solar energy is one of the most widely used renewable energy source.[1,2] With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India’s theoretical solar power reception, on the land area is of 5000 Petawatt-hours per year (PWh/year) (i.e. 5000 trillion kWh/year or about 600,000 GW).[2,3] The average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 KWh/m^2 with 1500–2000 sunshine hours per day (depending upon location).[3]

Solar powered generation is done by photovoltaic system and heat engines. Since, solar energy’s uses are limited only by human creativity. Thus, to use the solar energy, the most common way is to use photo voltaic panels which will receive photo energy from the sun and convert it into electrical energy. Solar technologies are classified into passive solar or active solar depended upon detain, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar includes use of PV panels and solar thermal collectors to strap up the energy whereas the passive solar includes orienting a building to the sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal light dispersing properties and design spaces that naturally circulate the air.[4–6]

Various terms used in this paper is described as followed. Solar Light Simulator Solar light simulator is the light source that is expected to generate an equivalent solar light spectrum and intensity which is reaching at the earth surface in the normal

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Hair Pattern Biometric Detection: A Review Law Kumar Singh, Manav Agarwal Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hindustan College of Science and Technology Farah, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract Identification of criminals is an important task in forensic science today. There are many biometric systems available on various biometric traits such as fingerprint, iris, palm, voice, etc. In this paper we review the biometric system that is achieved through a very peculiar trait i.e. hair pattern. Medical research department has confirmed that hair can be used as a proper biometric trait for criminal identification. Therefore it is an important area of research in forensic department. Keywords: biometric trait, hair pattern, criminal identification, forensic

INTRODUCTION THIS document is prepared by reviewing hair pattern algorithm that was proposed in the paper of Han Su and Adams Wai Kin Kong [1]. It aims to explore and review the research paper’s biometric system that can correctly identify a person by the help of androgenic hair pattern. There are numerous images where the criminals cover face and neither their fingerprint nor tattoos are exposed. In some cases certain

body parts are exposed such as legs and forearms which consists hair pattern information which can be used as biometric recognition [5]–[7]. As the medical department has explored that the hair follicles on the human body does not vary once that human reached his/her puberty. Even if hair follicles fall off, the new hair grows right at that particular spot where it has fallen [2]. Therefore it can be used as a stable biometric.

Fig. 1. The Schematic Diagram of the Algorithm. (a) Original Image, (b) Normalized Image, (c) Gabor Magnitude, (d) Orientation field, (e) Histograms. [1] THE HAIR PATTERN ALGORITHM The hair pattern algorithm has 3 components, preprocessing, feature

extraction, matching as shown in the fig.1. The first component of the algorithm takes color leg image as input and performs

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Study of ECG Signal by Using Different Order Kaiser Window and Neural Network Arvind Ambey, Vandana Vikas Thakre Department of Electronics, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India

Abstract The morphology of ECG signal has been used for recognizing much variabilitys’s of heart activity, so it is very important to get the parameters of ECG signal. In this paper used to design different order of FIR filter and Kaiser window techniques and result train by neural network. Keywords: ECG data signal, FDA tool, nn tool

INTRODUCTION The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the record of variation of bioelectric potential with respect to time as the human heart beats. It is a non-invasive technique that means this signal is measured on the surface of human body, which is used to analysis of the heart diseases. ECG waveform illustrates the normal clinical features of the electrocardiogram, which include wave amplitudes and wave interval timings. The locations of different waves on the ECG are arbitrarily marked by the latters P,Q,R,S and T (and sometimes U, although this wave is often hard to identify, as it may be absent, have a low amplitude, or be masked by a subsequent beat. P Wave The amplitude level of this voltage signal wave is low (approximately 1 mV) and represent depolarization and contraction of the right and left atria.[1,2] A clear P wave before the QRS complex represents sinus rhythm. Absence of P waves may suggest atrial fibrillation, junctional rhythm or ventricular rhythm. It is very difficult to

analyze P waves with a high signal-tonoise ratio in ECG signal. QRS Complex The QRS complex is the largest voltage deflection of approximately 10–20 mV but may vary in size depending on age, and gender. The voltage amplitude of QRS complex may also give information about the cardiac disease.[3–6] Duration of the QRS complex indicates the time for the ventricles to depolarize and may give information about conduction problems in the ventricles such as bundle branch block. T Wave Represents ventricular repolarization.[3] KAISER WINDOW Power line interference is one of the most important reasons of disturbance of the ECG signal. Mostly it causes the 50 Hz interference and there higher order harmonics included to the ECG signal. This section deals with the design and implementation of the FIR digital filter on to the ECG data. The results are presented using the frequency spectrum of the ECG

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2: Issue 1

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An Exclusive Review on Content-Based Retrieval System Sachin, Yashpal Singh* Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana, Jhajjar, Haryana, India

Abstract The certain development in the ground of computer science engineering has carried a important rise of loading great quantity info (images) laterally with rise in dissimilar kinds of difficulty features. Thus the essential for effectual storing and reclamation of imageries has occasioned in procedure of having very great assembly of imageries from frequent fields like medicine, journalism, education, entertainment, advertisement, e-commerce etc. As extracting images from such large information base is tedious, thus we must be able to get the images by their contents for simplicity. The process of retrieving desired images from a large collection images on basis of features is referred as Content Based Image Retrieval (CBRS) Systems [1]. Keywords: Content Based Retrieval System (CBRS), Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT), principal component analysis (PCA), self- Organization map (SOM), [Hue Saturation Value (HSV)]

INTRODUCTION Our main motivation is to organize information in a way that they can be retrieved efficiently. Over the years we have learned that organizing is key to progress without the loss of information, which we already have. Similarly, from centuries, text in different languages has been set to order for efficient retrieval, be it manually or automatically as in the modern digital libraries. But when it comes to organizing images, man has traditionally outperformed machines for this task. The main reason which causes this distinction is that text is man’s creation, while typical images are a mere replica of what man has seen since birth and a concrete description of which are relatively elusive. Naturally, the interpretation of what human have seen is very hard to characterize, and even harder to teach machine. Yet, over the past decade, ambitious and sincere attempts

have been made to make computers learn to understand, index, and annotate images representing a wide range of concepts, with much progress [2]. CONTENT BASED RETRIEVAL SYSTEM: DEFINITION “Content-based” means that while retrieving images contents of image is considered rather than the metadata such as keywords, tags or descriptions associated with the image. The term “content” here refers to color, shapes, textures and any such information that can be derived from the image. A CBRS system is desirable and bare more necessity because most web-based search engines work rely purely on metadata and this results, a lot of garbage in results. Also while looking for an image in a large database, by entering the keywords can be inefficient, expensive and maybe keywords are not able to describe the

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A Review on MongoDB Data Design Vandana Sehgal, Neetu Sharma* Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana, Jhajjar, Haryana, India

Abstract Relational databases as that MySQL require strict schema structure, that it makes it difficult to handle unstructured data like banking log data. As the amount of data gets bigger, strict schema structure also has the potential problem that inhibits scalability by means of node distribution. To resolve such problems, this paper proposes how MongoDB help for managing huge data in cloud computing environment. The function of the proposed system focuses on classifying, analyzing and managing unstructured data. The system performance was evaluated measuring, comparing and analyzing data processing time for “insert” and “query” based on the log data collected from two different log processing systems: (1) log processing system using MySQL, one of traditional relational database solutions (2) log processing system using MongoDB. Keywords: database, MongoDB, MySQL, NoSQL

INTRODUCTION Origin of Mongodb MongoDB is a schema less document oriented database. The name MongoDB comes from “humongous”(open source document database) and leading No SQL Database.  Database is intended to be scalable and is written in C++.  The primary reason for moving away from relational model is to make scaling easier.  The basic idea is to replace the concept of a “row” with a more flexible model, the “document”. There are three core categories of NoSQL data model: Key-Value stores: In this a value corresponds to a key and data is stored as a key-value pairs. E.g. Redis, flare

model but do not support table association. E.g. Cassandra, HBase; Document Based stores: in this data is stored and organized as a collection of document but the value of document database is stored in JSON or XML format. E.g. MongoDB, CouchDB MongoDB is a document database developed by 10gen. MongoDB is a crossplatform, text concerned with database that delivers, high presentation, high obtainability, and tranquil scalability. MongoDB workings on idea of group and document. Database: Database is a bodily basin for groups. Each database becomes its individual set of files on the file system. A distinct MongoDB server usually has several databases.

Column-Oriented stores: in this database contain one extendable column of closely related data and uses table as the data

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International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Solar Tracking and Battery Automation Chaitanya Patil, Ranjeet Kirulkar, Pratik Savadi*, Ravindra Patil Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, D.K.T.E’s Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India

Abstract This project deals with the design and execution of a solar tracker and battery automation system dedicated to the Photo Voltaic (PV) solar energy conversion panels. The objective of this system is to improve the efficiency of existing stationary PV panels at least by 20% by incorporating the sun rays tracking system. The proposed method uses single axis solar tracker device which ensures the optimization of the conversion of solar energy into electricity by properly orienting the PV panel in accordance with the position of the sun rays using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller. Optimum use of converted solar to electrical energy can be achieved with the help of multiple battery automation instead of single battery. The core of this proposed project for tracking and control will be done by Arduino microcontroller programmed in embedded ‘c’ platform. Three LDRs will be used as light sensor, each is used for sensing the light intensity for the different time of the day. Three LDRs are directed such that they will sense the light for morning, afternoon (12noon) and evening. As per the voltage level of the each LDRs, output of the ADC is changed and accordingly DC motor rotation is controlled using PWM. We will use multiple batteries instead of single batteries as in existing solar panels system. Microcontroller will continuously checks the charging status of the each battery. When Battery1 is fully charged, automatically Battery2 is connected for charging and Battery1 is used for supplying the load, and vice versa. Optimum use of converted solar to electrical energy can be achieved with the help of multiple battery automation for charging and utilization. Charging status of the each battery and current from the solar panel will be displayed on LCD display. Keywords: Arduino microcontroller, battery automation, charge controller, dc motor and mechanical assembly, efficiency improvement, MPPT controller, solar tracker

INTRODUCTION Now a days demand of renewable energy sources is increasing. Sun is the biggest source of renewable energy. Demand for energy is exponential in nature but the

existing incremental improvement in existing conventional energy network will not be adequate to supply this demand in a sustainable way. The sun energy deposits on earth can meet human needs in most

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

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Development

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

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Nursing

Material Sciences and Engineering

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5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Jan – Jun 2016

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

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IJESET

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

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Embedded Systems & Emerging Technologies

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

International Journal of

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences