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20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

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Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

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Signals

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Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development « International Journal of Town Planning and Management 2 more...

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International Journal of Wireless Network Security International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices International Journal of Software Computing and Testing International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms 5 more...

Electrical Engineering International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits International Journal of Automatic Control System International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering « International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and 4 more... Circuits

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International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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International Journal of Energetic Materials International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering 4 more...

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International Journal of Photochemistry International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry International Journal of Green Chemistry International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering 3 more...

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International Journal of Water Resources Engineering International Journal of Concrete Technology International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning 2 more...

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Biomaterials International Journal of Plant Biotechnology International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and 3 more... Applications

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

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International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of Microwave Engineering and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are related to Microwave Engineering. All articles presented here are peer-reviewed and are of good quality.

Focus and Scope of the Journal  Microwave transmission  Artificial dielectrics  Microwave amplifiers  Microwave components and circuits  Scattering parameters  Smith chart and its applications  Transmission lines  Waveguides  Planar circuits and passive circuits  Cad tools in RF/microwave circuit design  ABCD or ray transfer matrix

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Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Ram Mohan Mehra School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University India

Dr. Vandana Vikas Thakare Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MITS Gwalior, India

Dr. Vijay Kumar Salviya Director Engineering Institute, & Project Technical Advisor,International R& D Group India

Kota Chandra Bhushana Rao Department of Electronics Communication Enginering, JNTUK-UCEVVizianagaram India

Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand India

Dr. Amel Boufrioua University Constantine, Algeria

Mr. MayankChakraverty Member of IBM Semiconductor Research & Development Center India

Mr. Praveen Kumar Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Dundigal (Vil), Hyderabad India

Mr. Devendra Kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rustamji Institute of Technology ,BSF, Tekanpur, Gwalior India

Sachin Kumar Gupta School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakryal, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Rama Krishna Merugumalli Department of Electronics Communication Engineering, Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vijayawada, India

Mr V Koushick Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Trichy Engineering College, Somu Nagar, Konalai, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Kartic Bera Department of Remote Sensing & GIS, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India

Dr. E. Kusuma Kumari Sri Vasavi Engineering College, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh, India

Manas Ranjan Jena Department of ETC, SIET, Dhenkanal, Odisha, India

Ravi Prakash Dwivedi SENSE, VIT university, Chennai, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology. This journal is part of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Electronics issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Microwave transmission Artificial dielectrics, Microwave amplifiers, Microwave, components and circuits, Scattering parameters, Smith chart and its applications, Transmission lines, Waveguides, Planar circuits and passive circuits, Cad tools in, RF/microwave circuit design and ABCD or ray transfer matrix. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Simulation of Pyramidal Structures of Coco Peat and Coconut Shell Activated Carbon as Radar Absorbing Material Suneet Gupta, Gagan Deep Aul

2. A Next Generation Wireless Power Transmission â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Review Ajay Kumar

3. A Partial Defected Ground Microstrip Array Antenna for Energy Harvesting at GSM Band with Enhanced Bandwidth and Gain R. Chouhan, P.K. Singhal 12 4. A Review Paper on Smart Antenna Vikas Choudhary

5. Efficient Tracking of Mobile Objects in Wireless Sensor Network Using BFOA Puneet Garg

6. Reduced the Size of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna by Using Double Sided Metamaterial Ankit Shrivastava, Bimal Garg

International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology

eISSN: 2455-0337 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Simulation of Pyramidal Structures of Coco Peat and Coconut Shell Activated Carbon as Radar Absorbing Material Suneet Gupta, Gagan Deep Aul*

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, DAV University, Jalandhar, India

ABSTRACT Shape is the main parameter that influences the performance of the pyramidal microwave absorber. The pyramidal shape is mostly installed in the anechoic chamber. But the shapes of these pyramidal structures are very large. The aim is to design a structure of pyramidal absorber with different materials and with low height to achieve maximum absorption. In this paper, we have investigated the different structures of the pyramidal absorber and simulate their dielectric properties and reflection loss. It is shown in this paper that the maximum absorption achieved by the material is coco peat + coconut shell activated carbon with the single pyramidal absorber of (10X10X10) cm dimensions of about -60 dB. In the dimension of (5X5X10) cm pyramidal absorber structure. Keywords: CSAC, dielectric loss, microwave, radar

INTRODUCTION As the increase in the demand of Radar Absorbing Material (RAM), the agricultural materials are used as a base material. This waste material has the capability to use as alternative material for pyramidal microwave absorber in radio frequency. Because of its extremely low cost, it became the most effective substitute of conventional microwave absorber present in the industry. In this section, the field of microwave (radar) absorbing materials (RAM) is reviewed with consideration of the historical development, physical theory, design optimization and materials behind these devices. The technique used to generate low reflectivity is to match the impedance of the electromagnetic radiation at the airabsorber interface, permit the electromagnetic radiation to propagate into the absorber. Another technique used is to create the destructive interference between the electromagnetic waves reflecting from different layers of the absorber. The reflectivity by these absorbers can be

calculated if the thickness, permittivity and permeability of all layers are known. The method is to calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients for each layer, based on the permittivity and permeability, and then recursively propagate the EM field through the absorber [6]. The dielectric materials are the material having μ=1. The dielectric properties (ɛ) of the material can be represented by complex Permittivity and is shown as ɛ=ɛʹ-jɛʺ

(1)

The other factors on which the EM wave absorption depends are tangent loss, reflection coefficient and return loss which can be calculated with the formulas given below tan δ= ɛʺ (2) ɛʹ ρ=∣Ѓ∣=(VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1) (3)

Page 1

International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology

eISSN: 2455-0337 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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A Next Generation Wireless Power Transmission â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Review Ajay Kumar*

Department of Electronics and Communication, Doon Valley Institute of Engineering and Technology, Karnal, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT Presently, we display the idea of transmitting force without utilizing wires i.e., transmitting power as Beneficial too require based cutting edge control transmission system. Wireless power transmission Transfer the power starting with one place then onto the next is to diminish the transmission and circulation misfortunes. We likewise have talked about the innovative improvements in Wireless Power Transmission (WPT). The favorable circumstances, weaknesses, natural effects and uses of WPT are additionally exhibited. The fundamental idea driving this is Magnetic Resonance. Two resonant objects of the same resonant frequency tend to trade energy productively, while scattering generally little energy in superfluous off-full protests. In frameworks of coupled resonances, there is frequently a general "Strongly Coupled" administration of operation. In the event that one can work in that administration in a given system, the energy exchange is required to be extremely productive. Keeping in view, the need of great importance and country, let it ought to happen sooner than later. Keywords: magnetic resonance, microwave power transmission, transmission, wireless sensor network

INTRODUCTION Wireless power transfer (WPT) is the transmission of electrical power from a power source to a devouring gadget without utilizing discrete synthetic channels. Analysts have built up a few strategies for moving power over long separation without wires. Some exist just as hypotheses or models however others are as of now being used. This paper gives the methods used to remote power transmission. It is a nonspecific term that alludes to various diverse power transmission innovations that utilization time differing electromagnetic fields. Wireless transmission system essentially is a guideline to exchange the power through remote. The primary ever rule which appeared war "Witricity". The Term

wireless power

"Witricity" is only the short name of Wireless Electricity. The essential idea driving this is Magnetic Resonance. Two thunderous objects of the same full recurrence tend to trade vitality effectively, while scattering moderately little vitality in superfluous off resounding articles. In systems of coupled resonances, there is regularly a general "Firmly Coupled" administration of operation. In the event that one can work in that administration in a given system, the vitality exchange is relied upon to be extremely proficient. One of the significant issue in power system is the misfortunes happens amid the transmission and dissemination of electrical influence. As the request builds step by step, the power era increments and

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International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology

eISSN: 2455-0337 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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A Partial Defected Ground Microstrip Array Antenna for Energy Harvesting at GSM Band with Enhanced Bandwidth and Gain R. Chouhan*, P.K. Singhal

Department of Electronics Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India

ABSTRACT An array of 2Ă&#x2014;1 microstrip patch antenna array is designed having a defected ground partial ground plane. This array covers the entire GSM band defined by IEEE standards i.e. 890â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 960 MHz. It is a Wide Band microstrip patch array with enhanced gain and directivity compared to conventional single microstrip patch antenna. Partial ground plane increases the bandwidth of the antenna, thus by creating a partial ground plane of right dimension we can enhance bandwidth over the entire GSM band or further. The radiation pattern of designed antenna is approximately Omnidirectional that is same as antennas used for mobile communication. Keywords: microstrip array, partial ground, rectangular microstrip patch antenna, RF energy harvesting

INTRODUCTION Microstrip array antenna [1] has many advantages as that of single microstrip patch antenna [2, 3] in terms of radiation pattern, gain, directivity. RF energy harvesting drawn the interest of research scholars to avert the wastage of RF energy being transmitted [4]. Utilization of Energy upto its maximum capacity through reducing losses would be a step towards clean environment. Traditionally bandwidth and gain enhancement has been matter of concern for antenna designers since a faithful gain at particular band of frequency is must for faithful radiation [5]. A corporate feed 2Ă&#x2014;1 microstrip antenna array is designed and fabricated operating at GSM band for gain and directivity enhancement while partial defected ground plane is the key factor for bandwidth enhancement and antennaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pattern [6]. SINGLE PATCH ANTENNA Before designing an array a single patch antenna is designed [7]. The Figure 1 shows 3D view of basic RMPA.

Conventional RMPA is designed using the following design equations.

Fig. 1. 3-Dimensional view of RMPA. Design Procedure (1) Specify fr in Hz, Ć?r and h in mm of the patch. (2) For an efficient radiator, a practical width that leads to good radiation đ??ś efficiencies is W = đ?&#x153;&#x20AC; +1

2đ?&#x2018;&#x201C;â&#x201A;&#x2019;â&#x2C6;&#x161; đ?&#x2018;&#x;

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International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology

eISSN: 2455-0337 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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A Review Paper on Smart Antenna Vikas Choudhary*

Department of Electronics, Vaish College, Rohtak, India

ABSTRACT In the recent years, progression in media transmission innovations and the expanding interest of information rate has propelled the upgraded utilization of frequency range. One procedure for the proficient use of recurrence is Smart Antenna system. They give a keen answer for the issue of correspondence movement over-burden i.e. they increment the activity limit. Smart Antenna advancements will change the financial matters of 3G radio systems. They give either a major information capacity gain or a signing of base stations required to accomplish a base level of administration. This paper is a review of Smart Antenna innovation, their advantages is centered on deciding the possibility of smart transmit and receive handset antennas. Keyword: adaptive array, 3G, phase array, smart antenna

INTRODUCTION A smart antenna is a digital wireless communications antenna system that exploits differing qualities impact at the source (transmitter), the destination (receiver), or both. Assorted qualities impact includes the transmission or reception of various radio frequency (RF) waves to expand information speed and lessen the mistake rate. In conventional wireless communications, a single antenna is utilized at the source, and another single reception antenna is utilized at the destination. This is called SISO (single information, single yield). Such system defenseless against issues created by multipath impacts. At the point when an electromagnetic field (EM field) is met with obstacles, for example, slopes, gorge, structures, and utility wires, the wave fronts are scattered, and in this manner they take numerous ways to achieve the destination. The late entry of scattered segments of the flag causes issues, for example, blurring, cut-out

(precipice impact), and irregular gathering (picket fencing). In an advanced correspondences framework like the Internet, it can bring about a diminishment in information speed and an expansion in the quantity of mistakes. The utilization of shrewd receiving wires can decrease or wipe out the inconvenience created by multipath wave engendering. Smart antennas fall into three noteworthy input, classifications: SIMO (single multiple output), MISO (multiple input, single output), and MIMO (multiple input, multiple output). In SIMO innovation, one antenna is utilized at the source, and at least two antennas are utilized at the goal. In MISO innovation, at least two antennas are utilized at the source, and one antenna is utilized at the goal. In MIMO innovation, numerous antennas are utilized at both the source and the goal. MIMO has pulled in the most consideration as of late in light of the fact that it cannot just dispense with the unfriendly impacts of

Page 18

International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology

eISSN: 2455-0337 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Efficient Tracking of Mobile Objects in Wireless Sensor Network Using BFOA Puneet Garg*

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana, Jhajjar, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT Wireless Sensor Network has the probability to interface the physical world with the virtual world by framing a system of sensor hubs. Energy effective object tracking is one of the fundamental plan issues for wireless sensor systems. Vitality proficiency is required as the entire WSN is reliant on the force of batteries and the object tracking is required for checking the shifting rate of target, target exactness and missing target recuperation. BFOA works for giving the energy productive groups and bunch head choice and the assignment of object tracking is performed by forecast based grouping algorithm. Keywords: algorithm, BFOA, object tracking, WSN

INTRODUCTION In wireless sensor arranges there are a few wireless sensors which are equipped for detecting a unique wonder in the earth and send the information back to one or a few base stations. The fundamental element of WSN that makes it novel is its adaptability as far as the state of the system and portability of the sensors. With no wires, WSN can be sent in territories where normal sensor systems can't work. Likewise the self-forming highlight of WSN, alongside the opportunity of the remote sensors development makes it a perfect apparatus for the circumstances where the sensors are portable. Having these components, WSN is utilized as a part of therapeutic applications, military purposes, hazardous situation observing and so on [1, 2]. The adaptability of wireless sensor systems accompanies a progression of difficulties. Since remote sensors are not physically associated with any focal source

they are totally subject to their battery to work; additionally remote sensors positions are not decided preceding the system arrangement, along these lines sensors ought to have the capacity to work in a way that can consequently create an ideal directing way and convey the detected data back to the base-station. Base-station coordinates the got information and applies a procedure over it and sends the outcomes to be seen by a client or for further preparing. Every remote sensor hub is not physically associated with any wellspring of force, in this way its own battery is the main dependable power supply for it. Sensor hubs are likewise obliged on data transfer capacity. Considering these two impediments, steering and detecting calculations that utilization inventive strategies to protect the force of the sensors are required [3]. Since the lifetime of the system is exceptionally reliant on the lifetime of the Sensors Sensing Environment Base-Station sensors'

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International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology

eISSN: 2455-0337 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Reduced the Size of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna by Using Double Sided Metamaterial Ankit Shrivastava*, Bimal Garg

Department of Electronics Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India

ABSTRACT This paper, present the design of double sided metamaterial which reduces the size of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. First of all, design the rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) then simulate it with and without metameterial. Without metamaterial, rectangular microstrip patch antenna, is resonate at 5.54 Ghz and its gain is 1.79 dB, directivity is 4.81 dBi and its total efficiency is 30% and with metamaterial RMPA is resonate at frequency is 2.24 Ghz and gain is 2.03 dB and directivity is 5.22 dBi, efficiency is 48.27%. The result indicates that metamatarial based rectangular microstrip patch antenna reduces the size as well as increases the performance of antenna. Keywords: RMPA, NRW method, impedance bandwidth, gain, return loss

INTRODUCTION Metamaterials are artificially structured to have properties which are not found in nature, they are built by periodically arranging unit cell and these unit cells are not made of physical atom and molecules, instead it contain small metallic resonator which interact with external electromagnetic wave. Metamaterial have negative permittivity Îľr<<<<0 and negative permeability [1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;6] Âľr<<<<0. Metamaterial was first introduced by Victor Vesalago in 1967 [1,7,8], but only as a theoretical concept. Veselago remain silent for next 29 year and in 1996, J.B pendry published research on artificial metallic construction which exhibit negative permittivity and negative permeability [3]. Later in year 2001 Dr. smith [2], fabricated a structure with spilt ring resonator and thin wire and its named as LHM [9â&#x20AC;&#x201C;15]. Here computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio 2010 software has been used for designing and simulation. CST-MW Studio is best software for simulation and designing. S11

and S21 parameter was obtained from CSTMW Studio software then exported to microsoft excel for calculation of permittivity and permeability by using Nicoloson-Ross-Wier (NRW) approach. FORMULATION AND DESIGNING Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) parameters are calculated by the formulas which are given below: Calculation of width (W): W=2đ?&#x2018;&#x201C;đ?&#x2018;&#x;

1 â&#x2C6;&#x161;Âľđ?&#x2018;&#x153;đ?&#x153;&#x20AC;đ?&#x2018;&#x153;

â&#x2C6;&#x161;

đ??ś

đ?&#x153;&#x20AC;đ?&#x2018;&#x;+1

=2đ?&#x2018;&#x201C;đ?&#x2018;&#x; â&#x2C6;&#x161;đ?&#x153;&#x20AC;đ?&#x2018;&#x;+1

(1)

where C=free space velocity of light, Îľr=Dielectric constant of substrate The effective dielectric constant of the microstrip patch antenna Îľeff=

Îľr+1 2

Îľrâ&#x2C6;&#x2019;1 2

(

â&#x2C6;&#x161;1+

)

12h w

(2)

Page 28

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20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

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Nursing « « « « «

International Journal of

Microwave Engineering & Technology Jul–Dec 2016

Material Sciences and Engineering

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5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

eISSN: 2455-0337

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

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