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International Journal of Pediatric Nursing International Journal of Pediatric Nursing is a peer reviewed Journal and focuses on recent advancements in child health care and considers articles on all aspects of children and adolescents health care. It is intended to encompass the needs of a child as a whole with respect to physiologic, emotional, mental and social structure.

Focus and Scope of the Journal  Child health  General Pediatric Medicine and Surgery  Early Child hood Development and care  Neonatology  Molecular Genetics  Behavior and Development  Nutrition, Diet and Physical Health  Congenital Disorders  Vaccination  Sociological, Mental and Emotional Child health needs  Public Health and Health care

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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Ramesh Kumari College of nursing, Amritsar, India

Dr. Sushma Kumari Saini National Institute of Nursing Education, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

Dr. Smriti Arora Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.

Dr. E. Sinu Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.

Dr. Aman Moda P.M.N.M. Dental College & Hospital, Bagalkot, India

Mrs.Urmila D Bhardwaj Hamdard University, Delhi, India.

Dr. A. Judie, SRM College of Nursing SRM University, Tamil Nadu, India

Stella Sagaya Mary Matha college of Nursing, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sibin Joy Vayalil Lourdes College of Nursing, Kerala, India

Dr. Asha P. Shetty Yenepoya Nursing College , Yenepoya University, India.

Dr. Sukhwinder Kaur National Institute of Nursing Education PGIMER, India.

Dr. H C L Rawat University College of Nursing, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Punjab, India.

Achla Dagdu Gaikwad NIMHANS, Bangalore, India

Khushbu U Solanki Nootan College of Nursing, Gujarat, India

Beryl Juliet V. S., College of Nursing, SRIPMS, Coimbatore, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the Second Volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Pediatric Nursing. This journal is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present nursing issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Pediatric Nursing as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Nursing Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International journal of Pediatric Nursing in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Plant Nursing in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Pediatric Nursing focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Child health, General Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Early Child hood Development and care, Neonatology, Behavior and Development, Nutrition, Diet and Physical Health, Congenital Disorders, Vaccination, Sociological, Mental and Emotional Child health needs, Public Health and Health care. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Nursing and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Nursing community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Nursing. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Nursing readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Nursing. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Role Reversal: Fathers' in Parenting and Impact on Children Ranjan Bhattacharyya

2. Knowledge and Degree of Anemia among Adolescent Girls S.J. Vayalil, S. Sajith

3. Congenital Abnormalities Ramanpreet Kaur

4. First Aid Emergency for School Children Manibharathi Gurusamy

5. Editorial Note â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Quality Improvement: For Better Health Outcomes Smriti Arora

International Journal of Pediatric Nursing eISSN: 2455–6343 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Role Reversal: Fathers’ in Parenting and Impact on Children Ranjan Bhattacharyya* Department of Psychiatry, Murshidabad Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal, India

ABSTRACT The parental anger is linked with behavioural problems and there is a need for prevention or early interventions for fathers that builds emotion socialization and improves father-child connection. The systemic review had been done with only existing recent literatures keeping in mind cross-cultural variations. The impact of PACT study (Parents and child together) and Dad’s turning into kids program has been reviewed The findings of BIPLAB (Behavioural and parenting Lab) conceptualizes parenting as style, but rather as a series of decisions and factors that shape those decisions. Overconfident bias-provide objective feedback on behaviour, social norming. The ‘deliberate scaffolding model’ helps to inculcate children’s prosocial behaviour. The ‘optimal decision’ is one that helps parents to reach their own goals. Decision making is shaped by many factors including information, various cognitive biases, mental attention and fatigue. Keywords: behavioural and parenting lab, cultural and social context, PACT project, parenting and paternal role

INTRODUCTION People make choices today that are inconsistent with their future selves. Lack of follow through, commitment, selfcontrol arises from this bias. Parenting is fraught with uncertainty. They develop heuristics that are fast, fugal, and computationally cheap, not necessarily aligned with their professional goals and aspirations. Parents are overconfident; low income parents may be embedded in social networks that present inaccurate reference points. The information regarding paternal involvement, father-child dynamic interactions and father’s influence on child development is lacking. According to researchers in China, the fathers are driven by child-centeredness to actively engage in child rearing especially in education, leisure and safeguarding.[1] The observations in a three minute dyadic task

revealed the synchrony in dynamic changes in fathers’ and children’s emotional behaviour and its influence in emotional regulation in day to day life.[2] The significant association has been observed between paternal warmth and adolescent girl’s self-esteem, depression and close friendship quality and between paternal autonomy granting and adolescent girls general friendship quality. The parenting can influence in different life periods and their associations with parents and children’s psychosocial functioning can affect in various stages of development. The ‘Attachment representations’ carry over into parenting representations and can set the stage for attainment of parent-child relationship.[3] METHODS The Parents and child together (PACT) project (Figure 1) was started in 2011 for evaluation till 2016 is a landmark study

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International Journal of Pediatric Nursing eISSN: 2455-6343 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Knowledge and Degree of Anemia among Adolescent Girls S.J. Vayalil*, S. Sajith Department of Community health Nursing, Lourdes College of Nursing, Kerala, India

ABSTRACT A comparative study was conducted to assess the knowledge and degree of anemia among adolescent girls in selected rural and urban schools in Kerala. The primary objectives of the study were to measure the hemoglobin level of adolescents by using Sahly’s hemoglobinometer, and to assess the knowledge regarding anemia among adolescents by using structured questionnaire. A Comparative research design was used to compare two groups on the basis of their knowledge and degree of anemia among the participants. The adolescent girls of age group between 13 and 16 years with Hb less than 10gm/dl studying in the 8th and 9th standard of one rural and one urban schools were selected as the sample for the present study. The sample was selected by using proportionate stratified random sampling. The present study concludes that among 50 adolescent girls 56% were anemic in rural school and among 50 adolescent girls 50% were anemic in urban school. Among 50 subjects in urban school 4% had poor knowledge, 90% had average knowledge and only 6% had good knowledge whereas, among 50 subjects in rural school 8% had poor knowledge, 88% had average knowledge and only 4% had good knowledge regarding anemia. In the present study, there was a negative correlation (p=0.01) between the knowledge and predisposing factor. In the present study the comparison of the degree of anemia among rural and urban school revealed no significant difference at 0.05 level. The study findings concludes that degree of anemia among urban and rural schools were almost same, the predisposing factors regarding anemia were poor intake of green leafy vegetables, skipping of breakfast and tiredness during menstruation and it was found to have a negative correlation between knowledge and predisposing factors of anemia. Keywords: adolescent girls, degree of anemia, knowledge, predisposing factors

INTRODUCTION “The adolescent still remains a young plant that neither gets light nor water. She remains the flower that could have blossomed but don’t……” Kamala Bhasin from “Our Daughters” Adolescent has been defined by WHO as the period of life spanning the ages between 10 and 19.[1] It is the formative period of life when maximum amount of physical, psychological and behavioral changes take place.[2] Among adolescents, girls constitute a vulnerable group

particularly in developing countries. In a family with limited resources, the female child is more likely to be neglected. The added burden of menstrual blood loss precipitates the crisis too often.[2] Anemia can be defined as reduction in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit or red cell mass.[3] Adolescents are particularly more vulnerable for iron deficiency anemia because of rapid somatic growth. Recent study shows that

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International Journal of Pediatric Nursing eISSN: 2455-6343 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Congenital Abnormalities Ramanpreet Kaur Department of Nursing, Capital College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

BACKGROUND Around 3% to 4% of all infants conceived in the United States have intrinsic anomalies that will influence the way they look, create, or work—at times for whatever is left of their lives. Inborn variations from the norm are brought about by issues amid the baby's advancement before birth. It is imperative for mothers and fathers to be sound and have great restorative care before and amid pregnancy to lessen the danger of preventable inherent abnormalities. Progresses in perinatal testing and new symptomatic tests (i.e. amniocentesis, chorionic villus examining, and so forth.) have made it conceivable to distinguish chromosomal and hereditary related reasons for inborn variations from the norm prior.

CATEGORIES OF CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES Chromosome Abnormalities  Chromosomes are structures that convey hereditary material acquired starting with one era then onto the next. Twenty-three originate from the father; twenty-three originate from the mother. The qualities carried on the chromosomes decide how the infant will develop, what she will resemble,



and to a specific degree, how she will work. When a tyke is conceived without 46 chromosomes, or when bits of the chromosomes are missing or copied, she may look and carry on uniquely in contrast to others her age and may create genuine medical issues (e.g. Down disorder).[1]

Single-Gene Abnormalities Some of the time the chromosomes are ordinary in number, however at least one of the qualities on them are irregular  Autosomal dominant inheritance is a hereditary irregularity that can be passed on to the kid in the event that one of the guardians has a similar variation from the norm.  Autosomal recessive inheritance is a hereditary anomaly that can be passed on to the youngster just if both guardians convey the same deficient quality (e.g. Cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs malady, sickle cell pallor).[2] In these cases, both guardians are ordinary, yet 1 in 4 of their youngsters would be required to be influenced.  X-linked conditions are hereditary variations from the norm that essentially happen in guys (e.g. hemophilia, visual impairment, types of strong dystrophy). Females may convey the strange quality that causes X-connected passive issue, yet they may not demonstrate the genuine malady.  X-linked dominant conditions happen in both guys and females; in any case, they are more serious in guys (e.g.

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International Journal of Pediatric Nursing eISSN: 2455-6343 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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First Aid Emergency for School Children Manibharathi Gurusamy* Kongunadu College of Nursing, Coimbatore, India

ABSTRACT Injuries are very common now a days and it can occur at any point of time in our day to day life. Among them, injuries in school children are more common. The most recurrent causes of school related injuries requiring hospitalization are falls and sports activities. Playground equipment related injuries occur on school playground during school hours and these require adequate supervision. First aid is provided in response to unpredictable illness of injury to preserve life, it protect a person particularly if the person is unconscious, to prevent a condition getting worsened and prompt recovery. Keywords: first aid measures, school children

INTRODUCTION Human life is very precious. Life is more than just your body and mind. Science cannot even begin to comprehend where life begins and ends. Accidents and injuries occur in most facilities on almost a daily basis. They involve everything from minor cuts, scrapes to broken bones, chemical burns and other serious injuries.[1,2] DEFINITION First aid is the beginning temporary and quick treatment given to a person who is injured or suddenly becomes ill, using possibility available at that time and place, before regular medical help can be imparted (Samant 2000).[3] WOUNDS AND HEMORRHAGE Wounds: Definition A wound is an injury or an abnormal break in the continuity of the skin or other tissues. In an external wound, there is danger that germs will enter the wound and cause an infection.

First Aid Management  Place the victim in a supine position.  Cover the wound with sterile gauze pad.  Apply pressure to control bleeding.  Immobilize the part.  Examine the patient for the degree of hemorrhage and the presence of shock. Treat these conditions if present.  Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.  Remove visible foreign bodies that can be easily picked up.  Clean the area around the wound with an antiseptic solution.  Clean the wound gently with an antiseptic solution and put an antiseptic or antibiotic cream over it.  If the wound edges gape for more than 5mm, approximate them and maintain them in apposition by putting a strip of sticking plaster across the wound, but not entirely covering it.  Put sterile gauze over the wound.  Maintain the gauze in place by either application of sticking plaster.

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International Journal of Pediatric Nursing eISSN: 2455-6343 Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Editorial Note â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Quality Improvement: For Better Health Outcomes Dr. Smriti Arora Amity College of Nursing, Amity University, Haryana, India

Quality is meeting the needs and exceeding the expectations of those we serve. Quality Improvement (QI) consists of systematic and continuous actions that lead to measurable improvement in health care services and the health status of targeted patient groups. It is a method for ensuring that all the activities necessary to design, develop and implement a product or service are effective and efficient with respect to the system and its performance. QI involves both prospective and retrospective reviews. It is aimed at improvement i.e. measuring where you are, and making sense of approaches to better things It particularly endeavors to abstain from crediting fault, and to create systems to prevent errors from happening. The four key principles of QI are (1.) QI work as systems and processes (2) focus on patients (3.) Focus on being part of the team (4.) Focus on use of the data. QI Program is essential to a health care organization because it leads to (1) Improved patient health outcomes and efficiency of managerial and clinical processes, (2) Reduced organizational waste and costs associated with system failures, (3) Avoid costs associated with process failures, errors, and poor outcomes, (4) Improved communication with funders and community organizations which results in increase partnership, and (5) It leads to proactive processes that recognize and solve problems before they occur and ensures that systems of care are reliable and predictable. Every system is perfectly designed to achieve exactly the results it gets therefore

to improve the system, change the system. Common QI models are FADE, PDSA, Six Sigma (DMAIC), Continuous Quality Improvement and Total Quality Management. FADE refers to Focus: Define and verify the process to be improved, Analyze: Collect and analyze data to establish baselines, identify root causes and point toward possible solutions, Develop: Based upon the information, create activity gets ready for development, including usage, correspondence, and measuring/observing, Execute: Implement the action plans, on a pilot basis as indicated, and Evaluate: Introduce a progressing measuring/checking (handle control) framework to guarantee achievement. The PDSA cycle is shorthand for testing a change by arranging it, attempting it, watching the outcomes, and following up on what is found out. This is the logical technique, utilized for activity arranged learning. Plan: Identify the issue, find out root cause of the problem, build a team, and plan an intervention, a plan for collecting and measuring data. Do: Try out the test on a small scale, introduce interventions. Study: Set aside time to analyze the data and study the results. Act: Refine, sustain or extend the change, based on what was learned from the test. Use what is learned to plan new improvements, beginning the cycle again. The common tools used in QI are Cause and effect diagram (Fishbone / Ishikawa), Pareto charts and Run Charts. A fishbone diagram, also called as cause and effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram, is a

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7 1 20 mit icle b rt u S A r u Yo

eISSN: 2455-6343 Applied Mechanics

Mechanical Engineering

5 more...

International Journal of

Pediatric Nursing

Chemical Engineering

IJPN 5 more...

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture

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Computer Science and Engineering

Electrical Engineering

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Nursing « « « « «

Jul–Dec 2016

4 more...

Material Sciences and Engineering

5 more...

Biotechnology

Chemistry

3 more...

Nanotechnology

3 more...

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences