International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering vol 2 issue 1 by JournalsPub

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International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering

The International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering publishes an original research article that comprehensively deals with the fundamentals of Polymer Science & Engineering, it also focuses on the editorial reviews covering recent trends in polymer engineering. Both theoretical and experimental papers are welcome all, these papers are peer-reviewed by experts and only high impact papers are published. Journal also publishes proceedings that are influential to the scientific community.

Focus and Scope of the Journal !

Biopolymer

Conjugated microporous polymer

Biopolymer

Conjugated microporous polymer

Polyanhydrides

Polymer adsorption

Polymer separators

Polymerization

Polymersome

Plastics engineering

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Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Alexander Russell Mechanical Process Engineering, University of Magdeburg, Germany.

Dr. Animes K Golder Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Assam, India.

Dr. Asif Mahmood Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Prof. Ateeq Rahman Department of Chemistry, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe.

Dr. Bharat Modhera Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India.

Prof. C. M. Narayanan Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India.

Dr. Chandi Charan Malakar Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Imphal, India.

Prof. Chang-Yu Sun, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China.

Dr. Dharam Pal, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.

Dr. Didik Prasetyoko, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, ITS, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Dr. M. Jhansi L. Kishore Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India.

Dr. Mohamed Abashar, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Nagamalleswara Rao Kanidarapu Bapatla Engineering College (Autonomous), Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Dr. Nanda Gopal Sahoo Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre D. S. B. Campus, Kumaun University, Uttarakhand, India.

Dr. P. A. Pawar Department of Chemical Technology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, India.

Prof. Radha Das Department of Chemical Engineering, West Bengal University of Technology, India.

Dr. Rajendrasinh Jadeja Department of Chemistry, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India.

Saeed Soltanali Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Iran.

Mr. Sanjay L Bhagat, Pravara Rural Engineering College, Maharashtra, India.

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Shi-Peng Sun, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Dr. Shivkumar Ranganathan R & D (Battery), Su-Kam Power Systems Limited, Apparel Park Cum Industrial Area, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Dr. Soumitra Kumar Choudhuri, Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Calcutta, India.

Dr. Srinivasan Anandan, Center for Nano-materials, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy & New Materials (ARCI), Bolapur, Hyderabad, India.

Dr. Stoyan Novakov Nedeltchev Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Germany.

Dr. Suryya K Rana Dungarpur College of Engineering & Technology, India.

Dr. Suyogkumar V. Taralkar Chemical Engineering Department, MIT Academy of Engineering, Pune, India.

Dr. T. K. Radhakrishnan Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India.

Dr. V. Venkata Basava Rao Faculty of Technology, Principal Investigator for Centre of Excellence TEQIP Coordinator, University College of Technology (A), Osmania University Hyderabad, India.

Dr. Vangalapati Meena, Department of Chemical Engineering, A. U. C. E (A), Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Prof. Velluru Sridevi Department of Chemical Engineering, A. U. College of Engineering, Andhra University, India.

Dr. Vijaya Kumar Bulasara Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India.

Dr. Vipan Kumar Sohpal Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Beant College of Engineering & Technology, Punjab, India.

Dr Wenming Yang, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Dr. Zhi Shang Louisiana State University, United States.

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering. This journal is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Polymer Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Polymer Science & Engineering as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Polymer Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Polymer Science & Engineering in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to publish their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Alternative energy conversion & transport mechanisms, Thermodynamics, Chemical reaction engineering, Polymer Science and Engineering, Modern instrumental analysis, Colloidal and interfacial science, Molecular dynamics & Chemical kinetics, and many more. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Polymer Science & Engineering. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Polymer Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Polymer Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Polymer Science & Engineering.

Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Isolation and Characterization of Tamarind Seed Polysaccharides Being Used as a Biopolymer in Modern Drug Delivery System Akshay W. Tathe, Mangesh U. Kande, Shyam G. Tonde, Aarti H. Mulay

2. Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Reinforced Polymer Composites with Hybrid Additives K. Kalaiarasan, K. Venkatesh, R. Mukesh, K. Patterson, R. Badrinath

3. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(etherdiphenylene terephthalamide)-Metal Complexes in Heterogeneous Medium Sandeep Rai

4. Innovative Value Chain Development of Modified Starch for a Sustainable Environment: A Review A. Ashok, C.R. Rejeesh

5. Similar Analysis of Blend of Virgin PVC and NBR with Recycled PVC and NBR Varun Khanna, Sunain Katoch

International Journal of Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Isolation and Characterization of Tamarind Seed Polysaccharides Being Used as a Biopolymer in Modern Drug Delivery System Akshay W. Tathe, Mangesh U. Kande, Shyam G. Tonde, Aarti H. Mulay* Department of Plastics and Polymer Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

Abstract Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) obtained from the seed of Tamarindus indica tree. It possesses different properties like high viscosity, broad pH tolerance, biocompatibility, mucoadhesive nature. It is used as thickener, stabilizer, gelling agent in food and pharmaceutical industries and Gums are widely used natural materials for conventional and novel dosage forms. The objective of present investigation was to search for a cheap and effective natural polymer that can be used for drug delivery system. For drug delivery system it is attractive because they are easily available, non-toxic, economical, undergoes chemical modifications and biodegradable. Due to this reason modern pharmaceutical world has taken interest in polymers of natural origin which can be used for their formulation and food industries for packaging. The given review focuses on methods of extraction, characterization and applications of tamarind seed polysaccharide and evaluate its property in the pharmaceutical field and food industries. Keywords: biopolymers, drug delivery, tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP), stabilizer

INTRODUCTION In recent year, polymer derived from plants got more importance specially in pharmaceutical, food and packaging industries due to their unique properties all polymers and gums which is prepared from plant origin are dispersed or from gel layer on the surface of system, when it is contacted with water due to this reason it can be easily used in modern drug delivery system. Advantages of plant based polymers: (i) Low cost (ii) Renewable source (iii) Eco-friendly (iv) Easy to process (v) Biodegradable (vi) Capable of chemical modification (vii) Natural origin and easily available

There will be many types of polysaccharides are available in the nature such as Khaya gum, Karaya Polysaccharide can be used as thickeners, tablet binding agent in pharmaceuticals industries, Emulsifier and gelling agent in food industries and film forming agent in packaging industry. Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) is a natural polymer which is derived from tamarind seed.[1] The main component which is present in Tamarind seed polysaccharide is cellulose like backbone chain with monomers of three sugars-glucose, galactose and xylose in a molar ratio of 3:2:1. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tamarind seed indica was collected as a waste material from village and dried

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International Journal of Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Reinforced Polymer Composites with Hybrid Additives K. Kalaiarasan*, K. Venkatesh, R. Mukesh, K. Patterson, R. Badrinath Department of Mechanical Engineering, Christ College of Engineering and Technology, Puducherry, India

Abstract The implementation of natural fibres is the fast approaching ‘green’ economy based materials that are used in polymer matrix composites that are intended to replace the conventional synthetic polymer composites. Being plenteous fundamentally, natural fibres have been existed the primary form of natural resources for centuries. Considering that mechanical properties of composites are strongly influenced by the quality of the fibre/matrix interface and with eco-friendly properties like excellent energy absorption, low cost, biodegradability, non-toxicity and light weight, natural fibres have steered the attention of scientists and researchers towards them to find their application by replacing the synthetic fibres and plastic composites. Utilizing the combination of hemp and sisal fibres by using hand layup methods, the matrix composite are prepared. Following with the proper pretreatment processes have proved to featuring good mechanical properties of significant parameters which can be ultimately equipped in desired applications according to our needs. Keywords: biodegradable, epoxy resin, hemp, hybrid additives, natural fibres

INTRODUCTION The usage of natural fibre reinforced composites in automobiles due to the low weight to strength ratio has turned the attention of researchers towards itself. Particularly finding its application in automobile interiors natural fibre composites have a long history of being used as an alternative to fibreglass, injection moulded plastics and other less sustainable technologies. As epoxy resin is one of the excellent thermosetting polymer resins, it is used as a structural matrix material which is then reinforced by natural fibre materials. Also, epoxy base matrix composite has enormous potential to substitute the traditional metallic materials. Particularly, the FRC (Fibre Reinforced Composites) are used in load bearing, light-weight structures due to their superior mechanical properties compared to metals. Also, it is observed

from literature that there is a significant improvement on mechanical properties with epoxy matrix modification. Pervaiz and Sain[1] have investigated the energy consumption of glass and natural fibres.[2] Fibre reinforced (FRP) composites possesses interesting properties like high specific strength and stiffness, good fatigue performance and damage tolerance, low thermal expansion, nonmagnetic properties. Karmaker et al.[3] have shown that the biodegradability of natural fibres can contribute to a healthy ecosystem while their low costs and high performances are very interesting for industry. Sisal/jute fibre composites are environment friendly and user-friendly materials[4] and have very good elastic properties.[5] Li et al.[6] studied that sisal fibre is the promising reinforcement

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Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(etherdiphenylene terephthalamide)-Metal Complexes in Heterogeneous Medium Sandeep Rai Shroff S R Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, Bharuch, Gujarat, India GRP Limited, GIDC Estate, Panoli, Bharuch, Gujarat, India

Abstract Condensation of terephthalic acid and 4,4ʹ-diaminodiphenyl ether resulted in aminoterminated oligomeric poly(etherdiphenylene terephthalamide) (PODTA) using phosphorylation technique. Schiff base complexes of this polyamide were synthesized with salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde complexes of Co(II),Ni(II) and Cu(II). All the synthesized polyamide as well as Schiff’s base complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Thermal stabilities of ligand and its various complexes were compared by thermogravimetric analysis. While, Co(II) and Ni(II) of the polymer metal complexes shown slightly inferior thermal stability than the PODTA, Cu(II) complexes exhibited superior thermal stability.

INTRODUCTION Polyamide–metal complexes are formed by the introduction of metal ions into polymer chain through pendant or terminal functional group. The potential applications of coordination polymers are as high temperature lubricants, surface coatings, adhesives and constructional material as required in high speed aircraft and space vehicle. Aromatic polyamides (aramids or polyaramids) are considered to be highperformance organic materials due to their outstanding thermal and mechanical resistance. Schiff bases have been reported in for their biological properties, such as, antibacterial, antifungal activities.[1–5] Their metal complexes have been widely studied because they have anticancer and herbicidal applications.[6–8] They serve as models for biologically important species. Although many studies on polyamide– metal complexes have been reported, very little work seems to have been carried out on the introduction of metal ions into aromatic polyamide ligands through Schiff

base structure. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of aramidSchiff base coordination polymers using amino group terminated PODTA oligomer as ligand. The aim of present work is to improve upon the thermal stability of the ligand by the coordination and develop a technique for surface modification of amino group containing polyamides in heterogeneous medium. In heterogeneous medium, the amino groups present on the surface of the aramid particles only will form the Schiff base complexes. Therefore, free amino groups present on the surface of aramid film, sheet or fibre may be complexed to enhance the thermal stability of the material and to incorporate additional properties due to metal complexation.

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Innovative Value Chain Development of Modified Starch for a Sustainable Environment: A Review A. Ashok*, C.R. Rejeesh Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Kerala, India

Abstract Granular structure of starch is widely utilized in a variety of applications due to its universal abundance, relatively low cost, and ability to impart a broad range of functional properties to their products. However, most starches in their native form have limitations that make them less than ideal for the diversity of desired applications. For this reason, most of the starch utilized as a food or industrial ingredient is first modified, without changing the granular structure, to alter and improve the physical properties of starch polymers in accordance with the intended end use. Starch based materials present a great potential to play a major role towards achieving sustainable development. Starch is a natural glucosebased polymer that is generally considered as a potential candidate for developing biodegradable products. Starch is a versatile and useful polymer not just because it has low cost or obtained from natural resources, but also because of its physicochemical properties that can be altered through chemical or enzymatic modification. Starch modification accentuates their positive characteristics, diminish their undesirable qualities, or add new attributes. Different approaches have been used to overcome these limitations and increase the number of sectors in which starch-based materials can be used. This paper summarises the different pathways required to modify starch and its applications. Keywords: blending, modification of starch, starch, sustainability, value addition of starch

INTRODUCTION Starch is the principal carbohydrates energy reserve in plants and is one of the most abundant resources in the biosphere. Storage starch, which is abundant in the storage organs of starch crops such as corn, potato, wheat, cassava, etc., is also a principle source for human consumption. Starch derived bio plastics being a renewable and biodegradable polymer with well-defined chemical properties offers vast potential as a versatile source for various applications. A vast range of native starches are available locally and its usage ranges from food industry to medical field.[1] Several value addition methods and new strategies are required to

meet the steady increasing demand for environment friendly ways of starch production, at lower costs. By directing several metabolic reactions in close connection to starch bio synthesis or altering the flow of carbohydrate in the plant, the yield and structure of starch can be engineered. The main structural elements that can be readily analysed are the amylose concentration, the amylopectin and amylose chain length distribution, the amylopectin and amylose molecular mass, phosphate substitution and starch granule size distribution. All these molecular alterations have profound effects on the physical properties of the

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International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Similar Analysis of Blend of Virgin PVC and NBR with Recycled PVC and NBR Varun Khanna, Sunain Katoch* Department of Applied Sciences, Sri Sai University, Palampur, India

Abstract Studies about led on mixing of polymers like acrylonitrile butadiene elastic (NBR) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) to deliver new polymeric materials with particular properties which can be utilized for some exceptional applications. This mix has been formulated for items working in contact with castor oils. Mixes at various temperature show that an ideal temperature exists for its arrangement. Incorporating PVC in various compositions has enhanced their physico-mechanical and chemical properties of this blend. Keywords: NBR, PVC

INTRODUCTION Mixing of polymers for enhancing their properties has increased impressive significance in the field of polymer science. Effective mixes are framed by miscibility of mixing elastomers and plastics to get new materials of enhanced properties.

EXPERIMENTAL WORK Materials The materials used in the study along with their basic function are listed in the tabulated form in Table 1. Table 1. Role of Ingredients. No. Ingredients Nitrile butadiene rubber and polyvinyl chloride

Function

One of the basic mixes is polyvinylchloride (PVC) and acrylonitrile butadiene elastic (NBR). NBR goes about as permanent plasticizer for PVC in different applications like in nourishment containers, cable insulation, automotive industry and so on.[1–14]

Base polymer

The synthetic synthesis of elastic while electronegativity and crystallinity assume an imperative part underway of oil safe items.[3–15] Because of absence of reasonable stabilizers for PVC, which do not influence NBR, the present work utilizes zinc oxide and stearic corrosive as stabilizer. This work means to contrast NBR mixes and virgin and reused PVC for its application in vehicles industry.

6. Carbon black

Filler

7. Paraffin wax

External lubricant

8. Di-octyl phthalate

Plasticizer

2. Zinc oxide

Stabilizer for PVC

3. Stearic acid

Flow promoter

4. Para phenylene diamine 5. Castor oil

Antioxidant Internal lubricant

Experimental Techniques The various experimental techniques used are:  Blending and mixing (Table 2)

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e-ISSN:2455-8745 Applied Mechanics

Mechanical Engineering

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Civil Engineering

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Computer Science and Engineering

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Jan – June 2016

Material Sciences and Engineering

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Chemistry

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Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences