International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution vol 2 issue 1 by JournalsPub

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International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution

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International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution provide its readers with a swift yet complete awareness in the field of prevention and control of industrial pollution. The focus of the journal is on recent advancement in technologies like sustainable industrial design, remediation techniques, wastewater quality indicators and other related fields. Journal is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research articles both experimental and theoretical, review articles and relevant short communications.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ü Limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds ü Industrial chemical discharges ü API oil-water separators ü Biofilters ü Dissolved air flotation ü Powdered activated carbon treatment ü Ultrafiltration ü Activated sludge biotreaters ü Wastewater quality indicators ü Sustainable industrial design ü Remediation technologies

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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Ajay Singh Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Prof. C. V. Subrahmanyam Department of Chemical Engineering, RVR & JC College of Engineering (Autonomous), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Faiyazalam Mahmadsaiyad Shaikh Navnirman Science College, Surat, Gujarat, India

Dr. Gengan Saravanan Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Goutam Banerjee Department of Civil & Env. Engrg, The University of The West Indies St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

Dr. Indu Singh Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Jayanta Kumar Biswas Department of Ecological Engineering & Environmental Management, International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India

Dr. Kalyan Das GE Power and Water in Industrial Water Treatment Processes, J F Welch Technology Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Dr. M. S. Mating School of Engineering and Technology, WBUT, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Dr. P. K. Khatua Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India

Dr. Parin Shah Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Dr. Pramendra Kumar M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Ravindra W Gaikwad Pravara Rural Engineering College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India

Dr. Reena Singhal Plastic Technology, H.B.T.I., Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. S. Priya Department of Biotechnology, S.T.E.T. Women's College, Mannargudi, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. S. R. Shah Department of Textile Chemistry, Technology & Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Dr. Samson Maria Louis N Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-Affiliated to Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Mr. Sanjay L Bhagat Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni, Maharashtra, India

Dr. Sharad M Sontakke Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Dr. Shikha Suman Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Suhas Natyan Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

Dr. Susarla Venkata Ananta Rama Sastry MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. V. Venkata Basava Rao Department of Technology, University College of Technology (A), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

Prof. Velluru Sridevi Department of Chemical Engineering, A. U. College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Venkateswara Rao Malapati Department of Chemical Engineering, RVR & JC College of Engineering (Autonomous), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution. This journal is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Industrial Pollution issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Pollution Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Industrial Pollution in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Biofilters, Dissolved air flotation, Powdered activated carbon treatment, Ultrafiltration, Activated sludge bioreactors, Wastewater quality indicators, Sustainable industrial design, Remediation technologies etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of it. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Developing a Simple, Innovative Water MMI Device for IWRM: An Innovative Initiative of Engineering Students Towards Water Challenge Manasi Vyankatesh Ghamande, Sacchidanand S. Gogawale, Sanjeevani Gogawale

2. Analysis of Indra Nagar Underground Water in Winter Season-2015 of Rewa City (M.P.), India M.K. Solanki, O.P. Gupta, D.K. Singh

3. Slurry Transportation of Red Mud at High Concentration: A Case Study V.K. Singh, D. Panda

4. Industrial Solid Waste Management: Short Review Amit Agnihotri

5. Biofiltration and Its Application Sona Chahal

International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Developing a Simple, Innovative Water MMI Device for IWRM: An Innovative Initiative of Engineering Students Towards Water Challenge Manasi Vyankatesh Ghamande1*, Sacchidanand S. Gogawale1, Sanjeevani Gogawale2 1

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India 2 Zen International Systems, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract Water plays a crucial role for life on our planet. Our water sources are affected by human activities like use of fuel, as contrast to other living being. It is our moral responsibility to identify and correct the negative impacts and spread the awareness and to motivate all, to solve the problem created by us. MMI means measure, monitor and improve. A simple monitoring, detecting and treatment device is developed by us to spread awareness. It has further scope for betterment for ease of operation, need based. This device is an innovation using clean and clean up technology, indicating water purity and providing simplified treatment till grade 1, medium risk to low risk applications. This treatment and the concept is as detailed in this paper. This device can be used for quick check and simple treatments universally, if the contaminants are known and treatment is validated, and where elaborate potable water test labs and treatments are not available. The device detects and corrects medium and low risks, based on simple detection, treatment and prompts for suitable applications, storage and further treatment. The device facilitates the integrated water resource management based on the grading and treating the water, for suitable applications. This spreads, motivates and promotes the 4 R concepts of refuse, reduced use, reuse and recycle. Simple detection and simple treatment as pH test and neutralization, visual test and filtering, by selective membrane, removal of irritants (foul smell, color, ions) and activated carbon (or graphene treatment, if needed) with a device currently having activated carbon developed from garbage and validated by atomic, and mass spectrometer is done, to reach the grade 1 purity level, as detailed in the paper. Keywords: activated carbon converter, contaminant, IWRM, MMI, water purity

INTRODUCTION MMI refers to measure monitor and improve, and can be used to enhance the purity of water to a desired level. The team aims at spreading awareness and initiating Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and prompts the gradation and treatment based on broad categorization of purity and end application of water under consideration using Simple device based on MMI. Being member of Youth and United Nations Global alliance (YUNGA),

we are actively working on water challenges from the time of our school days. With known application, and storage, and minimum drainage, the contaminants are known and treatment is easy, so is detection and risk management. A simple control and treatment is possible on small scale easily than to apply it at large scale and when multiple contaminants are mixed.[1] However, we

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International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Slurry Transportation of Red Mud at High Concentration: A Case Study V.K. Singh*, D. Panda Department of Chemical Engineering, C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar, India

Abstract Rheological studies have been conducted of red mud-sand-lime grit mixture (supplied by M/S Nalco, Damanjodi, Odisha) using Haake RV rotational rheometer. The slurry shows Newtonian behavior upto 50% concentration by weight and non-Newtonian Bingham behavior thereafter. Beyond 65% Cw, additives are used to reduce pressure drop. The results show that it is economical to transport red mud mixture slurry at 60% concentration by weight as against 20% which is practiced at present. Keywords: power consumption, red mud, rheology

INTRODUCTION Red mud is a waste product generated by Bayer process for extracting alumina from bauxite. The disposal of red mud poses problem of considerable magnitude. At present red mud is transported with an equal proportion of coarse particles (designated as sand) which is separated in the early stage of the process. M/s NALCO (National Aluminium Corporation Limited), Damnjodi Odisha is transporting red mud–sand slurry at a concentration of 20% by weight through a pipeline of 200 mm dia. and 300 km distance by two centrifugal pumps connected in series. Nalco also generates lime grit at a rate of 30 ton/day. At these concentrations, the slurry has to be transported at very high velocities to prevent the sand from settling, thus giving rapid wear to the pipeline. Further, economic and environmental problem of considerable magnitude is also present owing to high alkaline nature of the red mud. In the disposal ponds while the coarse sand particles settle rapidly, it takes much longer for

fine red mud particles to settle out which consolidates very slowly. This results in two effects. Firstly, it is difficult to rehabilitate the disposal area after the latter has been filled and secondly, the caustic liquor may early penetrate through the porous sediment to the underground water supplies. These problems may be greatly reduced in magnitude by dry disposal methods, i.e., by pumping the red mud at solid concentrations as high as possible. At high concentration pumping the suspension can be transported in laminar flow due to the presence of yield stress.[1] Pumping at high concentration would also increase the holding capacity of the disposal pond and the volume of the water to be pumped back also considerably reduces. The present study has been carried out to transport lime git along with red mud – sand mixtures at higher concentration (60–65% by weight) so that the pond occupancy with water will reduce enhancing its capacity thereby.

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Industrial Solid Waste Management: Short Review Amit Agnihotri* Department of Chemical Engineering, ITM, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract Solid waste has become a problem for many urban cities and an actual crisis for others. With the advent of rapid industrialization, there is increased amount of wastes being disposed of on land or in open water bodies. This is creating a serious problem for the whole ecosystem. Waste management is required to be dealt with on a serious note; else the long-lasting effect of these wastes can be disastrous to the well-being of all living organisms. Keywords: incineration, landfill, solid waste, waste management

INTRODUCTION Rapid industrialization has resulted in generation of huge amount of wastes, both solid and liquid. Despite several cautions given by pollution control authority, these wastes are often dumped randomly anywhere on land or discharged into water bodies, without any prior treatment. Several small and large scale industries simply dump their waste which is quite toxic and hazardous, in open spaces or nearby water sources. These include wastes from pulp and paper, fruit and processing, sugar or starch, dairies, tanneries, slaughterhouses, poultries, etc. Over the past few decades, several incidents of serious and long-lasting damage to environment by these industries have been reported. Industrial waste management is not the responsibility of local authorities. It is the duty of the industries that generate wastes to manage it all by themselves and can seek help from respective State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) under appropriate rules.[1] Many local governments provide counseling, consulting and recommendations to organizations on what they can do to better manage their waste and plan for a more

environmentally friendly treatment processes. Many cities and countries have put new laws into place to heavily tax industries that produce excess amounts of waste or create potentially detrimental effects on the air and ecosystem.[2] CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE Broadly, the industrial wastes can be grouped into two types, viz., hazardous and non-hazardous industrial wastes. Hazardous Industrial Waste As such there is no particular definition that explains hazardous industrial waste. Different organizations have defined hazardous wastes in their own different ways. It is believed that around 10–15% of wastes generated from the industries are hazardous. Not only this, the generation of such wastes is increasing at the rate of 2– 5% per year. In India, hazardous industrial wastes are generated not only from the industries but are also imported from different Western countries for reprocessing and recycling.

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Biofiltration and Its Application Sona Chahal* Department of Electrical and Electronics, Lord Krishna College of Engineering, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

Biofiltration is one of the emerging technologies that deals with treatment processes used in water, wastewater and other toxic compounds. In water treatment, it is used to purify the surface water for potable use whereas in wastewater treatment, the main purpose of filtration is to produce effluent of high quality so that it can be reused for various purposes. Originally, biofilter was developed using rock or slag as filter media, however nowa-days, several types and shapes of plastic media are often used. A biofilter comprises of a filter with attached biomass on the filter-media. Currently, several small package treatment plants with different brand names are available in the market in which variously shaped plastic materials are packed as filter media and are mainly used for the treatment of small volumes of wastewater such as those from the household or hotels. Irrespective of its different names, the basic principle in a biofilter remains the same i.e., biodegradations of pollutants by the micro-organisms attached onto the filter media. Typically, a biofilter is composed of a solid support, covered by an active biofilm, and a bed through which the harmful compounds pass. In the biofiltration system, the pollutants are removed based on biological degradation rather than physical straining as is the case in normal filter. As the filtration process progresses, microorganisms including aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative bacteria; fungi;

algae; and protozoa gradually develops on the surface of the filter media forming a biological film or slime layer called biofilm. The development of this biofilm may take just a few days to even months depending on the influent organic concentration. The critical parameter essential for successful operation of a biofilter is to control and maintain a healthy biomass on the surface of the filter. Since, the performance of a biofilter is largely dependent upon the microbial activities; a constant source of substrates i.e., organic substance or nutrients, are required for its consistent and effective operation. Three main biological practices occur inside a biofilter. These are (i) attachment of microorganism, (ii) growth of microorganism and (iii) deterioration and detachment of microorganisms. Biofilters have low capital and operation costs, and makes use of low amount of chemicals. The technology can be used to treat pollutants of different forms including odors and other toxic compounds. There is possibility for varied types of media, micro-organisms and operational conditions for biofiltration. Also, it is easy to fit the biofilters in any space. However, biofiltration technology is also associated with certain disadvantages. The technology is unsuitable for compounds that have low adsorption and/or degradation rates. For high chemical emissions, large biofilter units are needed to treat contaminated sources. Also, the

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6 1 20 mit icle b rt u S A r u Yo

International Journal of Applied Mechanics

Prevention & Control of

Mechanical Engineering

Industrial Pollution 5 more...

Chemical Engineering

5 more...

JAN – JUNE 2016 IJPCIP

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture

2 more...

Computer Science and Engineering

Electrical Engineering

plymer

5 more...

Nursing « « « « «

4 more...

Material Sciences and Engineering

5 more...

Biotechnology

Chemistry

3 more...

Nanotechnology

3 more...

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences