International journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System vol 2 issue 1 by JournalsPub

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, 6 Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India 1 t E-mail: info@journalspub.com 0 i e l 2 m ic b rt u S A Mechanical Engineering Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and International Journal of Thermal Energy and u Mechanical Behaviour Applications International Journal of Machine Design and International Journal of Production Engineering Yo «

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

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Engineering and Traffic System

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International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System provides a platform that delivers high impact article and research reviews in the field of transportation engineering, focusing on railroad, harbors, airport and highway engineering. Journal also covers intelligent transportation system, traffic operations and control and other related technological advancements.

Focus and Scope of the Journal !

Highway engineering

Railroad engineering

Port and harbor engineering

Airport engineering

Intelligent transportation system

Pavement engineering

Traffic operations and control

Traffic safety under mixed traffic flow

Heterogeneous traffic-flow modelling and simulation

Activity-based travel demand modelling

Dynamic and stochastic modelling of transportation networks

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Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Pradeep Kumar Agarwal Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP), India

Dr. Intha Srinivasa Reddy, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kallam Haranadh areddy Institute of Technology Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Arvind Kumar Shukla Department of Civil Engineering, I. E. T, Lucknow (U.P.), India

Sandeep Choudhary Transportation Engineering Department, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP), India

Moazzem Hossain Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Jitendra Gurjar Transportation Engineering Department, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP), India

Prof. Saad Issa Sarsam Department of Transportation and Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq

Muthiah Muthukannan Kalasalingam University, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil, India

Dr. R. Srinivasa Kumar, Assistant Professor (Senior Scale) Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

Rakesh Mehar Transportation Engineering Department, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP), India

Dr. Muhammad Ashraf Javid Assistant Professor Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa (UoN)

Hasan Dilbas Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Department, Davutpasa Campus ,Esenler Istanbul - Turkey

Dr Akshey Bhargava Professor, Global Institute Of Engineering and Technology, A.P, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System. This journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Transportation Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Transportation Engineering as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Civil Engineers community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Transportation Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Highway engineering, Railroad engineering, Port and harbor engineering, Airport engineering, Intelligent transportation system, Pavement engineering, Traffic operations and control, Traffic safety under mixed traffic flow, etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Transportation Engineering and Traffic System community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Transportation Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Visual Assessment of Pavement Surface Condition for Baghdad International Airport Saad Issa Sarsam

2. Modeling the Shape of Compaction Curve for Asphalt Stabilized Soil Saad Issa Sarsam, Abeer Husain

3. Innovation Management â&#x20AC;&#x201C; An Integrated Approach to Business Modelling Anil Kr Chojar, Aditya Chojar

4. Identifying the Public Transport Improvement Policies from Attitudes of Car, Motorcycle and Public Transport Users in Lahore: A Qualitative Study Muhammad Ashraf Javid

5. Evaluation of Rutting Susceptibility of Bituminous Mixes Using Finite Element Modeling I. Srinivasa Reddy

International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System ISSN: 2456-2343(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Visual Assessment of Pavement Surface Condition for Baghdad International Airport Saad Issa Sarsam* Consultant Engineer, AFM-Group, Switzerland

Abstract In the process of developing the infrastructure of Baghdad international airport, visual assessment was undertaken to evaluate the concrete pavement surface condition. The walk through technique was implemented, all types of pavement distresses have been detected visually and captured with camera of high resolution. It was observed that the block and fatigue cracking of pavement surface was concentrated at the threshold part (touch down zone) of the runway, while faulting of joints, and scaling of concrete surface were the common type of distresses at the remaining part of the runway. The taxiway and the rapid exit taxiway are in acceptable condition. The apron area exhibits faulting of joints and corner cracking of pavement. The pavement maintenance management system developed earlier was implemented to rate the pavement condition and the pavement condition rating (PCR) value for runway, taxiway and apron was determined. The decisions for maintenance alternatives were determined. Keywords: assessment, rehabilitation, rigid pavement, visual

INTRODUCTION Rehabilitation of the runway, taxiway and apron areas is required to maintain a standard serviceability of pavement suitable for commercial operation and in accordance with ICAO requirements.[1,2] In rehabilitating the pavement, the Surveys and investigations have to be carried out to determine the existing pavement condition. Pavement maintenance management systems (PMMS) are designed to manage maintenance and rehabilitation activities to optimize pavement condition with available funds.[3–6] The use of (PMMS) is becoming increasingly more prevalent due to benefits achieved. It considers current and future pavement condition, priorities, funding, and can reduce pavement deterioration, this helps maintain pavement structural capacity, and may extend pavement life by slowing or limiting future

pavement degradation. Pavement condition can be quantified by the pavement condition rating (PCR) which rates the pavement according to the extent and severity of distress types present (cracking, Scaling, patching, spalling of joints, etc.). (PCR) ranges from 100 to zero (best to worst). A major goal of (PMMS) is to keep pavement condition in the upper (PCR) range of (60–90) by limiting surface structural degradation to keep down rehabilitation cost.[7,8] Visual assessment of pavement surface condition is considered as the first step in the maintenance management system. In this work, the old airfield of Baghdad international airport was investigated on 14th of august 2014 by AFM team. The runway R150-330L was visually

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International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System ISSN: 2456-2343(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Modeling the Shape of Compaction Curve for Asphalt Stabilized Soil Saad Issa Sarsam*, Abeer Husain Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract The knowledge and modeling of the exact shape of the laboratory compaction curve provides a means for a good understanding of the susceptibility of soil to water. The models provide effective means for quantifying the sensitivity of the compaction process to the various factors affecting the process. The basic mathematical description of soil compaction is the relationship between molding moisture and the dry density. Two types of soil and three types of cutback asphalt have been implemented in this investigation to understand the influence of cutback asphalt addition on the sensitivity of compaction curve shape in terms of the changes in slope for dry and wet sides of optimum condition, and to verify if such changes follow a significant sequence. It was concluded that pure and asphalt stabilized SC-Soil compaction curve exhibits a flat trend at both dry and wet sides of optimum moisture content, therefore, a straight line was implemented. While pure and asphalt stabilized CL-Soil exhibits bell shape trend at both dry and wet sides of optimum moisture content. A straight line was implemented for modeling the dry side of optimum, and a parabolic curve was implemented for wet side of pure soil and for soil with 4% cutback asphalt. When 3% of MC-0 cutback asphalt was introduced to SC-soil, the maximum dry unit weight was increased by 23.5%, meanwhile, the optimum fluid content was reduced by 21%. When 4% of MC-30 cutback asphalt was introduced to CL-Soil, the maximum dry unit weight was decreased by 5.5%, and the optimum fluid content was increased by 6.5%. Keywords: cutback asphalt, modeling, proctor compaction, soil, stabilization

INTRODUCTION The standard Proctor compaction test as per ASTM procedure provides a standardized method of determining a soil's resistance to compaction over a range of soil water contents under a constant value of compaction effort. The optimum water content is the amount of water required to produce a maximum dry density from the test procedure.[1] Currently, this test is used to determine the optimum water content for soil beneath foundation and highway embankment construction purposes so that a required strength could be guaranteed based on the maximum dry density. The mechanical

improvement of subgrade soil through compaction is a cost-effective alternative to many stabilization techniques. It involves densification of soil by applying rolling or vibration mechanical energy. Compaction is frequently practiced in highway engineering projects. Generally, compaction increases the soil density, enhances its strength, and reduces its compressibility and permeability.[2] The ultimate result of this modification is a significant reduction in potential settlement of embankment soil. Research studies on the compaction curve of asphalt

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International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System ISSN: 2456-2343(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Innovation Management â&#x20AC;&#x201C; An Integrated Approach to Business Modelling Anil Kr Chojar*, Aditya Chojar drakc Consulting and Management Solutions, New Delhi, India

Abstract The present study gives a detailed account of distinction between invention and innovation, and analyzes how an invention can turn into innovation, and lead to development of a new innovative product for a business organization which can also generate revenues, incomes and employment. While invention is about something new, innovation refers to the use of an idea for developing a new product, or service. Although invention generates new ideas, prototypes and even patents, it is the innovation which turns ideas into commercial products to meet consumer needs in a market place, be it from industry or general public. The paper also discusses the role of knowledge base in creating possibilities for developing new products besides highlighting a few innovation based global companies that dominate the markets worldwide. These innovation based companies, or multinational corporations generate revenues for themselves and contribute to GDP growth of the respective countries they operate in. Further, major types of innovation are discussed, including product innovation, process innovation, positional innovation, and paradigm innovation. In the end, the role of innovation in manufacturing is discussed, which covers the various functional areas of operations. The restructuring of supply chains of automobiles manufacturers with their suppliers are highlighted. Keywords: innovation, invention, product innovation, product design, new product development

INTRODUCTION Innovation Explained Although literature is full of concepts and definitions related to innovation, the term innovation in current times refers to a different, and a new way of doing something at a lower cost, in less time with fewer resources, and with higher efficiency. The innovative process, once determined, should be easier to handle at a producer-user level, and the innovative product should meet the end-consumer needs. Put simply, innovation may refer to a product design that is an improvement

over earlier traditional designs, and provides to the user, an ease of doing work with the current product or method. Similarly business innovations, including those which utilize internet, or I.T. based solutions, can be useful for organizations that offer efficient public services like billing/bill payments to prevent queues or last hour rush at payment windows. Likewise, factory, or service center building layout/design which is innovative in the sense that it facilitates movement of people-employees, and/or customers, without causing gluts has become a standard feature of many global mind-set companies. Also, innovation can be built

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International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System ISSN: 2456-2343(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Identifying the Public Transport Improvement Policies from Attitudes of Car, Motorcycle and Public Transport Users in Lahore: A Qualitative Study Muhammad Ashraf Javid Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nizwa, Birkat al Mouz, Nizwa, Oman

Abstract This paper aims to understand attitudes of different modes users and identify the public transport improvement policies from those attitudes for Lahore city. The underlying factors were identified for the use of private car and motorcycle and public transport through indepth interviews with selected users of each mode. The results of interviews depict that flexibility and freedom in travelling, status symbol, individualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s privacy, coupling and situational constraints, gender and culture specific constraints, environmental concern, and social security are major underlying factors of mode choice behavior in addition to instrumental and physical dimensions of service quality. This study implicate that these significant factors need to consider while making improvement in public transport infrastructure. The consideration of these elements can help in making service quality of public transport modes as per desires of different segments of travel market. The findings of this study would be helpful for planners and policy makers in understanding travel attitudes of different groups and designing appropriate policy measures for public transport improvement. Keywords: travel behavior,private car, private motorcycle, public transport, attitudes, Lahore.

INTRODUCTION Public travel demand has increased rapidly due to increase in urban population and automobile ownership and its usage, and leading to the complexity of handling the situation effectively. In most of the developing countries, mobility is mainly dependent on automobile. It is very unfair to build more road infrastructure just to facilitate car users and neglecting the mobility choices of poor people such as transit and non-motorized modes users. In fact, transportation polices in developing countries are not strongly supported the use of public transportation. Most of the cities in developing countries are facing problems of achieving some appropriate standard of urban mobility in terms of

public transportation. The existence of such transportation problems demands supporting and sustainable transportation policies from planners and policy makers. Banister (2005) [1] said that transport planners have to think more positively about the conditions of public transportation in developing countries. Moreover, it is difficult to deal with rising travel demand just by increasing the supply of roads because of insufficient financial, technical and institutional resources in developing countries. Transport planners and policy makers need to think positively for possible transport

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International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System ISSN: 2456-2343(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Evaluation of Rutting Susceptibility of Bituminous Mixes Using Finite Element Modeling I. Srinivasa Reddy* Department of Civil Engineering, Kallam Haranadha Reddy Institute of Technology, Guntur, India

Abstract Pavement performance mainly depends on the quality of bituminous mixes. Poor bituminous mixes cause premature failures such as rutting or permanent deformation, cracking, bleeding etc. The design of bituminous mixes should contain certain criteria to prevent premature failures. The mixes designed based on these criteria are generally known as performance based mix design and are gaining popularity in the recent times. Among various types of pavement failures, permanent deformation or rutting in bituminous mixes is one of the major concerns on high volume roads. With the increase in the traffic volumes, vehicle axle loads and tire pressures; there is a need to know the rut resistance of bituminous mixes in advance before construction. On the basis of experimental and modeling, several methods are in practice to assess the rutting resistance of bituminous mixes. Simulative tester such as wheel load tester is one of the equipment used to predict the rutting behavior of bituminous mixes on experimental basis. However, testing of bituminous mixes in these equipment are time consuming and often expensive. On the other hand, application of finite element modeling techniques to some extent, gives an idea on the performance of the mix in a shorter time. The paper presents a three-dimensional finite element model developed for predicting the rutting susceptibility of mix using the commercially available finite element program ANSYS. The results from model can be effectively used to relate the laboratory rutting test results Keywords: ANSYS, bituminous mix, finite element, modeling, pavement, rutting.

INTRODUCTION Rutting or permanent deformation in bituminous pavements develop gradually as the number of wheel load applications increases and usually appears as longitudinal depressions in the wheel paths accompanied by small upheavals to the sides. Wheel path rutting is the most common form of permanent deformation [1-3]. It may occur in any layer of the pavement structure including subgrade, base or in the bituminous mixes itself [4]. In most cases, rutting occurs in the surface course due to consolidation or densification of the pavement layers and shear deformation or lateral plastic flow of

the bituminous mixes [5,6]. Rutting affect riding quality, possible place of water logging, causes damage to the pavement layers and it is cumulative over the time. As the bituminous mixes are time, temperature and stress dependent, adequate and accurate prediction of bituminous mix behavior is necessary in order to predict the pavement performance such as rutting. There are several test methods and devices in practice to evaluate the rutting potential of bituminous mixes. Among these, simulative tests such as wheel tracking tests have been shown to be able to adequately simulate the field

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« « «

¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development « International Journal of Town Planning and Management 2 more...

« « « «

Transportation Engineering & Traffic System JAN - JUNE 2016 IJTETS

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

International Journal of

« « « «

Nursing « « « « «

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

e-ISSN: 2456-2343

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences