International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development vol 2 issue 2 by JournalsPub

7 1 20 mit icle b rt u S A r u Yo

Applied Mechanics

Mechanical Engineering

5 more...

Chemical Engineering

International Journal of l a n o i g e R d Rural an t n e m p o l e v e D g n i n n Pla Jul–Dec 2016

5 more...

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture

2 more...

Computer Science and Engineering

Electrical Engineering

5 more...

Nursing « « « « «

IJRRPD

4 more...

Material Sciences and Engineering

International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing 4 more...

5 more...

Biotechnology

Chemistry

3 more...

Nanotechnology

3 more...

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

www.journalspub.com

International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development International Journals Publisher

JournalsPub is a multi-disciplinary international journal boosting innovative & eminence research work by Division of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. Launched in 2014 under the support and guidance by our Honorable Editorial Board Members from renowned institutes.

Objectives of JournalsPub  JournalsPub is international scholarly journal that publishes peer reviewed journal in the frontier areas of

Applied Sciences, Medical and Engineering.  JournalsPub publishes Original Research Papers, Review Papers, Popular Articles, Short

Communications & Case Study. 

Publishing special issues on Proceedings of Conferences, Seminars and Symposia.

 JournalsPub Publishes issues twice a year (bi-annually) in English-language which is available online

(open access) and in printed version with a goal to promote an extensive academic awareness.  JournalsPub desires to set a good benchmark in the publishing industry by launching more than 100+

new International Journals to help the scientific community to enhance communication within the research communities and maintain a balance between the existing and emerging interdisciplinary technologies.  JournalsPub aims to provide quality research articles for Academic Researchers, Industrial

Professionals, Engineers, Scientists, Professors, etc. working in the areas of Applied Sciences, Medical and Engineering to contribute and communicate innovative work.

Salient Features  An umbrella of 100+ journals that covers Applied Sciences, Medial and Engineering Arena.  The first and one of the rapidly emerging publication website in Country as well as overseas for its

excellence and exposure.  Universal transmission and reflectivity.  A Rigorous, Fast and Constructive Peer Review Process  Speedy Publication of Manuscripts  Eminent Editorial Board Members from renowned organizations.  Free Registration, Online Submission, Processing, Publication & Online Access of Manuscripts.  The journal publishes novel research articles with emphasis on theoretical and experimental work.

JournalsPub (Division of Dhruv Infosystem Private Ltd.) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journals. Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the Author(s) and are not the opinion of JournalsPub unless so stated. Subscription Information and Order Cost of Journal National Subscription Rs. 3000/- per Journal (includes 2 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1800/copy

International Subscription Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 2 print issues)

Online + Print-$199 (includes 2 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@journalspub.com Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India include speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without notice. Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Dhruv Infosystem Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi. Online Access Policy A). For Authors: In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, JournalsPub also have Open Access Policy; Authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as follows: India, SARC and African Countries: INR 1500 including single hard copy of Author's Journal. Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal. B.) For Subscribers: Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber. The access will be blocked: If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking due to technical issue. Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy. Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: JournalsPub with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very welcome. Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues: Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the next issue as per the frequency. Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends. Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored. Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to JournalsPub at least 2 months prior to the dispatch schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber ID and the subscription ID. Refund requests will not be entertained. Legal Disputes All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only. If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team: info@journalspub.com; Tel: +91 0120-4347644.

International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development is primarily devoted to scientific articles and comprehensive reviews that are focused on the quality control, risk assessment, resource management in the field of Rural and Regional Planning Development. Journal also focuses on the production planning, critical path method that can create an impact on the ongoing research.

Focus and Scope of the Journal  Regional and sub-regional plan preparation  Climate change adaptation and mitigation  New metropolitan planning strategies  Risks from hazards such as bushfire, flood and coastal inundation  Zoning laws and policies  Unified settlement planning  Land-use planning  Principles of Intelligent Urbanism  Spatial planning

International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development is published twice a year (bi-annual by JournalsPub- an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permission to the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Adesoji David Jiboye Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Mahua Mukherjee IIT Roorkee, India

Pooja Nigam Department of Architecture and Planning, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India

Dr. V. Subbiah Hindustan University, India

Mrs. Fathima Samana S Acharya's School of Architecture, India

Dr. Jagdish Singh Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Dr. Rajindra Kumar Pandit Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, India

Dr Satyaki Sarkar Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India

Dr. Sanjaykumar Sonar Ghanashyam College of Engineering, Pune, India

Fazli Farhan Mohammad Fazli Aligarh Muslim University (A Central Government Institution) India

Ar. Ankur Prabhakar Attri Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India

Dr. B S Bhooshan BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, BSB Architects, Bangalore and Mysore

Dr. IP Singh National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur

Dr Akhilendra Nath Tiwary Yobe State University

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal Rural and Regional Planning Development. This journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Rural and Regional Planning Development issues, from theoretical aspects to application dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Rural and Regional Planning Development as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Civil Engineers community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Rural and Regional Planning Development in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development focuses on Regional and sub-regional plan preparation, Climate change adaptation and mitigation, New metropolitan planning strategies, Risks from hazards such as bushfire, flood and coastal inundation, Zoning laws and policies, Unified settlement planning, Land-use planning, Principles of Intelligent Urbanism, Spatial planning, etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Rural and Regional Planning Development and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Civil Engineers community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this very issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Rural and Regional Planning Development. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Civil Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Rural and Regional Planning Development. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. India Needs Smart Villages More Than Smart Cities for Better Tomorrow Avitesh

2. New Form of Low Cost Housing â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Ecoshells Ankur Attri

3. Smart City and Its Need Deepika Goel

4. Energy Conservation by Reducing Pumping Efforts Using Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting: A Case Study of Poornima University Vivek Gupta, Nemichand Babel, Manoj Gupta

5. Glacier and Lake Areas and Snowlines Over Past Two Decades: Status of Alaknanda Basin Asha Thapliyal, Anju Panwar, Sradha, Archana, Komal, Rakesh Joon

International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

India Needs Smart Villages More Than Smart Cities for Better Tomorrow Avitesh* Faculty of Architecture, Centre for Architecture, BGI Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT A total of 70% population of India lives in villages and the youth belongs to this segment are passing through a dramatic psychological turmoil. The invasion of bedroom from the skies in the form of television and the advancement in telephony through internet has given them minded the dreams that were not thinkable few years ago. However, the ground realities around them by the way of minimum educational avenues, minimum basic needs of life and same age old shabby surroundings are deterrent for their talent and the dreams to take shape and flourish. The ratio of school dropouts at school or college level is quite high amongst the rural youth which is negatively impacting the education policy and targets of the Govt. Added to this is the non-availability of vocational avenues in rural environs which is further adversely affecting the aspirations of the youth from the rural areas. All such youth with little education, no vocational skills and passing through utter poverty, find their way to nearest urban cities or large cities where they migrate to find some source of livelihood. This has two major negative impacts (education and vocational skill) on the country and also on the youth of rural background. The concept of 100 smart cities is definitely an eye catcher and welcome move by the Prime Minister and should be pursued in the right earnest. Smart villages’ concept is engaged in efforts to combat the real barriers to energy access in villages, particularly in developing countries with technological, financial and educational methodology. Villages are the small parts of this chain (country) and for the strengths of chain we have to work on its weak and small parts. Now we can say India needs Smart villages more than Smart Cities for better tomorrow. Keywords: challenges, smart villages, services, solutions, visions, ways forward

INTRODUCTION After the launch of 100 Smart Cities Mission, it is time to make Smart Villages. The main objective of this study is to carry out the main challenges for the better tomorrow and towards a vision of the smart village. We will also discuss about how a village play important role in the development of the country. A better understanding of rural realities requires the development of more appropriate and multifaceted indicators capable of measuring more qualitative aspects of urban economic and social life – the

environment, economic development potential, cultural assets, etc. “If the facilities available in the cities are not made available to rural population, the Governments will not have done their duties” Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Former President of India.

Page 1

International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

New Form of Low Cost Housing – Ecoshells Ankur Attri* Department of Architecture, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India ABSTRACT Various construction methods have resulted in the increased costs of construction in the recent years. There is a dire need of using technique which produces a form of housing to be cost effective and can sustain the climatic as well as natural factors. The use of innovative techniques, materials and bringing earth construction into use can optimally drag down the various costs which add up to the overall construction cost. Initiating the use of construction material in an innovative form like soil, cement and other energy efficiency materials which consume less energy, an outcome is easy to obtain. Keywords: ecoshells, low cost house

INTRODUCTION Reforming the concepts of construction and by introducing various new techniques can bring a vital transformation in the building industry. The knowledge of techniques which provide better structural strength while keeping the dead weight of the building much lower in comparison to a traditional building are to be used, thereby using various forms of concrete in different types of formworks. The below mentioned methods offer such example of varying use of materials.[1] MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION It is the type of construction method which forms the structure as a single unit with no joints and bonds. Monolithic Construction can be done for buildings with more than one floor using various types of formworks, which will save time thus labor cost, cost of plaster. This technique offers more strength. When constructing a dome structure, it saves concrete and reinforcement as well.

Ecoshells Another name of ecoshell which is a type of monolithic construction is air forming, which consists of a concrete thin shell. A high strength, high tech fabric forms the core of this technique. The shape of the fabric is created like a dome on inflation, which gives an appearance of a semi-rigid balloon (refer Figure 1).The formwork is removable and can be reused for more than 100 times. This will reduce the construction cost especially for projects having more than one structure and such construction can withstand natural calamities such as earthquake, hurricanes etc. It is also fire resistant and termite proof. Material saving – up to 300% of concrete and up to 400% more reinforcement is required for a conventional building in comparison to eco shell of same size. Example – New Oroville, a hi-tech hub is

Page 8

International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Smart City and Its Need Deepika Goel* Department of Architecture, Accurate Institute of Architecture and Planning, Greater Noida, India

ABSTRACT Transportation around the world is accounted to have one-third of the world's energy consumption. Transportation sector is therefore always been the central in the realization of a more sustainable energy system. Electro mobility (e-mobility) will play a key role in solving many of the challenges we face today with regards to energy use. Electro-mobility means to develop electric powered driven trains which are designed to shift vehicles from using fossil fuels and to reduce carbon gas emissions. It consists of full electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and vehicles using hydrogen fuel cell technology. Microcontrollers and sensors that increase the energy efficiency of vehicles are also the part of electro mobility. This paper reflects how smart cities preventing their heritage. Keywords: e-mobility, sustainable development, transportation

INTRODUCTION The environment and modern society are greatly influenced by mobility patterns of people. People can take long time and long distance trips. These trips are very rare and infrequent, for example moving between cities and between nations. But frequently, people travels in short time trips which mainly consist of travel within cities for day to day works. These trips showcase high regularity and a typical pattern following a daily rhythm. [1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;6]. The mobility within a city, especially heritage city is high carbon mobility. High carbon mobility in a city is where carbon serves as a proxy to a wide range of environmental impacts which are associated with the lifestyle of travelling and other negative health conditions, using a private car. Whereas, Low carbon mobility, can be a solution as it lowers level of carbon emissions and can be considered as the ultimate in the policies of transportation, planning as well as

research. One must agree about the need of moving towards low carbon mobility, although disagreement can be on the optimal ways of achieving it. The need of the hour is to develop a smart heritage city that is sustainable and attractive, which can incorporate new designs and able to apply clear and pervasive solutions within cultural environments. To develop new pervasive technologies and services, preserving the heritage of city has always been very complex. Givoni suggested that to achieve low carbon mobility three elements economic growth, need for transport, and the emissions resulting from transportation need to be decoupled. Out of the three elements, the Electric Vehicles can be the most outstanding example where we can decouple mobility from emission of Green House Gases (GHG) and air pollutants. Electro mobility is the term used for fully electric vehicles and also for hybrid vehicles and those vehicles which uses

Page 13

International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Energy Conservation by Reducing Pumping Efforts Using Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting: A Case Study of Poornima University Vivek Gupta*, Nemichand Babel, Manoj Gupta Department of Civil Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur, India

ABSTRACT It is well known fact that drinking water is in scarcity and it will become a major problem for our society in times to come. Harnessing the drinking water also consume enormous amount of electricity. Rain water harvesting becomes very important because it can not only meet the minimum drinking water requirement of future generation but also saves electricity by reducing pumping efforts through roof top rain water harvesting using storage tanks. This paper includes a case study based on the campus of Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India which includes rain water received in the campus, design of settlement tank, storage tank and electrical saving through the proposed model. Keywords: electrical energy, conservation, storage tanks, rain water, roof top, rain water harvesting, artificial, ground water, recharge

INTRODUCTION In some of the developed countries, water is also being synthesized by various means like desalination, artificial rain by cloud seeding. India is also feeling water stress from last many years which made a shift the thrust of policies from water development to sustainable water development. This shift created a need of water harvesting and artificial ground water recharge.There is a huge increase in carpeted area due to urbanisation like mesh of highways, buildings etc. The ground water recharge passages were blocked by manmade activities. These recharge passages used to transfer rain water from surface into underground water pockets and aquifers. This water was also extracted very heavily during previous decades for irrigation and water consumption for human beings. This is because of increase in population and food demand of human being.

In India annual rain fall occurs in short period and its intensity is high. Because of its high intensity in short time most of the water flow away.There is a little scope of recharging of ground water naturally due to this wastage and lack of effective naturally recharging area. Hydrologic cycle is the most important source of water which collects the water from oceans and gives it to us as a natural phenomenon. In this series we can collect water coming out from rain and can use it with minimum purification processes. So, Rain water can either stored for direct utilisation or it can be directly recharged artificially to the ground water. So accordingly there are two types of systems: settlement tank & storage tank and another one is settlement tank and recharge structure.

Page 17

International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Glacier and Lake Areas and Snowlines Over Past Two Decades: Status of Alaknanda Basin Asha Thapliyal1*, Anju Panwar2, Sradha1, Archana1, Komal3, Rakesh Joon3 1

Uttarakhand Space Application Centre, Uttarakhand, India 2 Doon University, Uttarakhand, India 3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana, Jhajjar, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT We use satellite remote sensing and a DEM to determine the snowline altitude of the Alaknanda basin. One hundred and six glaciers were monitored, indicating that the Alaknanda basin has decreased in area by 58% over the period 1990â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2014. It is observed that snowline altitude is generally higher during 2010/11 than 2012/13 and 2013/14. The lowest snowline altitudes were observed to be 3335 m a.s.l. in March 2011 and 3300 m a.s.l. in February of 2014. Our detailed data on glacial and lake areas over 30 years provide an important spatiotemporal assessment of climate variability in this area. These data can be integrated into further studies to analyze inter-annual glacial and lake area changes and assess hydrological dependence and consequences for downstream populations. Keywords: accumulation, climate, snow

INTRODUCTION Glacier changes are excellent indicators of climate change, as small climatic variations can produce rapid changes (e.g. Houghton, 2001; Haeberli, 2004; Soruco and others, 2009; IPCC, 2007; Vuille and others, 2008a; Rabatel and others, 2013). The Himalayan region has permanent snowfields, and in winter most high altitude regions experience snowfall. During summer, snowmelt is the major runoff for many rivers originating from the Himalaya, including those that are key elements of agricultural systems of South Asia (Kumar and others, 2005). Changes in glacier melt amount and patterns, along with other changes in high-altitude hydrology, will affect agriculture production across the region. Many Himalayan glaciers are retreating faster than the global average (Dyurgerov and

Meier, 2005) and are thinning by 0.3-1 m a-1 (ICIMOD, 2009). The rate of retreat for the Gangotri Glacier over the past three decades has been more than three times the rate during the preceding 200 years. In the central Himalayas, glacial melt associated with climate change has led to the formation of glacial lakes in open areas behind exposed end moraines, causing great concern. Due to rapid recession of glaciers, a number of catastrophic effects such as glacial lake outburst floods (WWF, 2005; Mool and others, 2007) and water scarcity in the upper Himalayan rivers have been reported (Kulkarni and others, 2002; 2007). Mapping and monitoring of

Page 22

7 1 20 mit icle b rt u S A r u Yo

Applied Mechanics

Mechanical Engineering

5 more...

Chemical Engineering

International Journal of l a n o i g e R d Rural an t n e m p o l e v e D g n i n n Pla Jul–Dec 2016

5 more...

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture

2 more...

Computer Science and Engineering

Electrical Engineering

5 more...

Nursing « « « « «

IJRRPD

4 more...

Material Sciences and Engineering

5 more...

Biotechnology

Chemistry

3 more...

Nanotechnology

3 more...

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences