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International Journals Power Electronics Controllers and Converters International Journals Power Electronics Controllers and Converters is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are related to Power Electronics Controllers and Converters. All articles presented here are peer-reviewed and are of good quality.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Control algorithms and techniques ! Power quality and utility applications ! Electric machines, modelling, simulation, analysis, design ! Power circuit components ! Power devices and components ! Sensors, integration and packaging ! Microcontroller ! DC-to-DC converter ! Voltage stabilizer ! Linear regulator ! Transformer/autotransformer ! Voltage converter ! Voltage regulator ! Cycloconverter

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EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr Kaliappan E Jaya Engineering College, Anna University, India

Dr. Sanjeevi Kumar Padmanaban Ministry of University Research (MIUR) Fellow (Govt. of Italy), India

Dr. Xiangshun Li Wuhan University of Technology, The University of Auckland, China

Dr. Dheeraj Joshi Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, DTU, Delhi, India

Dr. Phool Singh Chauhan Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

Dr. Sabha Raj Arya Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India

Dr. Ganesh Kumar Srinivasan College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, India

Dr. K Naga Sujatha, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India

Dr. V. Balaji Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia, South Africa

Dr. P. Rama Subramanian, Computer Science, Madurai Kamaraj University, India

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From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journals Power Electronics Controllers and Converters. This journal is part of the Power Electronics Controllers and Converters, and is devoted to the scope of present Electrical Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to applicationdependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journals Power Electronics Controllers and Converters as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electrical Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journals Power Electronics Controllers and Converters in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electrical Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journals Power Electronics Controllers and Converters focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Control algorithms and techniques, Power quality and utility applications, Electric machines, modelling, simulation, analysis, design, Power circuit components, Power devices and components, Sensors, integration and packaging, Microcontroller, DC-to-DC converter, Voltage stabilizer, Linear regulator, Transformer/autotransformer, Voltage converter, Voltage regulator, Cycloconverter.. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electrical Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this very first issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electrical Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electrical Engineering. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Asymmetrical Source Configuration of Multilevel Inverter on Solar PV System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Review Jeetu Khan, Piyush Jain, Vijay Bhuria

2. Analysis of THD in Voltage Source Inverter With Constant Current Controller for Solar PV Cell D. Elavarasan, S. Kaliappan

3. A STATCOM-Based Control Strategy for Power Quality Improvement in a Hybrid Nonautonomous Power System T. Seenivasagam, C.K. Aravind

4. Genetic Algorithm Approach for the Position Control of Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Machine Garimella Raghu Chandra, Garimella Atchyut

5. Grid Connected PV Power System With MPPT Mohammad Yasir, Faraz Khan, Faraz Uddin Siddiqui

6. Artificial Neural Networks-Based Four-Leg Matrix Converter for Linear and Nonlinear Load I. Shaba, V.R. Rajan

7. Fibonacci Series for Hybrid Symmetrical Multilevel Inverter Topology Using Different PWM Strategies Jeetu Khan, Vijay Bhuria, Praveen Bansal

International Journal Power Electronics Controllers and Converters ISSN: 2456-1614 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Asymmetrical Source Configuration of Multilevel Inverter on Solar PV System – A Review Jeetu Khan*, Piyush Jain, Vijay Bhuria Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract Solar energy is the best clean alternative energy resource. During shading condition arrays can be treated as an asymmetrical DC source for multilevel inverter, based on insulation level, sets of PV panels are formed to act as DC source. During shading condition, based on insulation level sets of PV panels are allocated to multilevel inverter to as asymmetric source. With the growing research in multilevel inverter there are many topologies have been conceptualized which are having advantage over the conventional inverters. By allocating as asymmetric source the lesser source higher number of levels can be synthesized and the MPPT complexity can be reduced. The review of this paper toward the comprehensive analysis of conventional and novel cross connected source MLI topologies with reduced count for asymmetric source configuration for Solar PV application, as all cross connected source MLI cannot be implemented for asymmetric source configuration. Keywords: multilevel inverter, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), solar PV, total harmonic distortion (THD)

INTRODUCTION In India Government-funded solar electricity was approximately 6.4 MW per year as of 2005. India is ranked number one in terms of solar electricity production per watt installed, with an insulation of 1,700 to 1,900 kilowatt hours per kilowatt peak (kWh/KW). 25.1 MW was added in 2010 and 468.3 MW in 2011. As of 31 August 2015, the installed grid connected solar power capacity is 4,229.36 MW and India expects to install an additional 10,000 MW by 2017, and a total of 100,000 MW by 2022. Currently, there is urgent need and hence, a growing trend toward using environmentally clean and safe renewable power sources, such as wind and solar-photovoltaic (Solar-PV), which are heavily dependent on PE. Solar energy is one of the clean energy sources. Only 0.026% of available solar

energy is converted into electricity. During shading condition solar PV arrays are treated as a asymmetrical DC source for multilevel inverter based on the insulation level, PV panels formed to act as a DC source. With the growing research in multilevel inverter there are many topologies have been conceptualized which are having advantage over the conventional inverters .Due to asymmetrical source Configuration the MMPT complexity can be reduced , also number of source for multilevel reduced for higher level configuration.[1-3] SOLAR-PV Solar energy is the most readily available and free source of energy since prehistoric

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International Journal Power Electronics Controllers and Converters ISSN: 2456-1614 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Analysis of THD in Voltage Source Inverter With Constant Current Controller for Solar PV Cell D. Elavarasan*, S. Kaliappan Department of EEE, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract A common method in the study of voltage source inverters is the hypothesis of a voltage-type input source even in the case of renewable energy (RE). When a converter is supplied by an RE, such as a photovoltaic (PV) generator, the dc-link voltage is usually controlled by the converter with closed loop to extract maximum power from the source. The main aim of the paper is to analyze the total harmonic distortion with current controller technique in three level voltage source inverter and to reduce the harmonics by using filter to connect it to grid. The use of perturb and observe MPPT will help to produce high output efficiency from solar PV cell. The simulation results for total setup is given in the paper and the THD values are calculated for voltage source inverter (VSI). Keywords: MPPT tracker, perturb and observe algorithm, single ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC), solar PV cell, voltage source inverter, total harmonic distortion

INTRODUCTION The discovery of internal combustion engine resulted in the use of petroleum products(petrol, diesel and natural gas) to fulfill our energy requirements. The fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) either used directly or converted to electricity and transported to be used in industries and homes. The use of energy plays an important role in oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life. Since the use of energy has become an integral part of our life, its supply should be secure and sustainable.[1,2] At the same time, it should be economical, environmentally friendly and socially acceptable. The current trends in energy consumption are either neither secure nor sustainable. The raising consumption of fossil fuels and associated prices, together with increase in greenhouse gas emission, threatens our secure energy supply.[2] Therefore, development of clean, secure, sustainable and affordable energy sources should be our priority in this century.

Renewable energy (RE) or NonConventional energy sources(NCES) enables you to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) that goes into the atmosphere because of the energy we use like fossil fuel, which is known as our carbon footprint. Consuming renewable sources like solar energy and wind energy, we also reduce our necessity on fossil fuel gas and oil reserves, which are becoming expensive and hard to find.[3] It also reduces our dependence on imported fossil fuels, improving our energy security. Tracing the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) array is a vital part of a PV system. As such, many MPP trackers (MPPT) have been developed and implemented. The methods vary in complexity, sensors required, cost, convergence speed, popularity, range of

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International Journal Power Electronics Controllers and Converters ISSN: 2456-1614 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A STATCOM-Based Control Strategy for Power Quality Improvement in a Hybrid Nonautonomous Power System T. Seenivasagam, C.K. Aravind* Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V.V. College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, India

Abstract Power generating from solar and wind systems are more reliable and they have many advantages compare with conventional power generation systems. However, these solar and wind power systems are unpredictable in nature and varying with atmospheric conditions. When they operating alone they are poor power sources. Fortunately, these problems can be overcome by integrating these power sources. However, when these hybrid systems are interconnected to utility grid induce power quality problems. This paper deals about the power quality issues in hybrid power systems due to reactive power and harmonics. In this system a static compensating device is connected to the common coupling point to reduce the power quality problems. The control strategy for the hybrid power system is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and it confirms the efficacy of the system. Keywords: hybrid system, power quality, STATCOM, solar, wind

INTRODUCTION Conventional energy sources like coal, gas and oil are depleting all over the world. Moreover, these sources are considered to be main reason for environment pollution. So, the best solution to meet increasing energy demand problem and also to produce clean energy the power can be produced from renewable energy sources like wind, solar, hydro and tidal.[1-4] Among various renewable energy sources wind and solar systems are widely used. Stand-alone renewable energy systems with single source either photovoltaic (PV) or wind generator is highly unreliable due to its intermittent nature. So, hybrid schemes combining PV and wind can be employed. Moreover, hybrid systems with PV and wind are considered to be highly reliable due to the complementary nature of the resources. Hybrid systems can be used to supply the remote loads where utility connection is not possible or it can be connected to a utility grid. Suitable power electronic interface should be

designed to integrate PV and wind generators and to connect the hybrid system to isolated load or to utility network. Power quality problems are induced in the power grid systems when the distributed generation systems are connected to it. It reduces power system reliableness and may induce over voltage, over current and safety issues. Generally solar arrays power convention is based on climate conditions. It can create power interferences like harmonics, frequency oscillation and voltage fluctuations in the utility grid.[5,6] In PV system, at low irradiation may result to unpredictable distortion in the character of the signal, overstepping the norms of standard grid connection codes. The inverters which are used in PV systems may cause mal-operation because of

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International Journal Power Electronics Controllers and Converters ISSN: 2456-1614 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Genetic Algorithm Approach for the Position Control of Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Machine Garimella Raghu Chandra1*, Garimella Atchyut2 1

Department of Mining Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India 2 Gouthami (Medical) Educational Institute, Ravulapalem, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Motors (PMSM or Brushless DC Motor) are widely being used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high torque and low volume. Research has conducted using genetic algorithm to develop a complete model of the BLDC motor and to design an optimal controller for its position control. Generally PID controller is being used for control purposes in many systems because of its simple structure and easy implementation. However, in practice, we often do not get the optimum performance with the conventionally tuned PID controllers. For this purpose, Artificial Intelligence based Genetic Algorithm is proposed as an optimizer to find the optimized PID gains for the position control of PMSM motor. Comparison was made with the traditional method. Simulation results showed that PID control tuned by GA provides more efficient closed loop response for position control of PMSM motor. MATLAB/SIMULINK software package was used for the modelling, control and simulation of the PMSM motor. Keywords: artificial intelligence, optimized PID controller, permanent magnet synchronous motor, pulse width modulation

INTRODUCTION BLDC engines are exceptionally mainstream in territories which require elite due to their littler volume, high compel, and straightforward framework structure. By and by, the configuration of the BLDCM drive includes a mind boggling process, for example, displaying, control plan choice, reenactment and parameters tuning and so on. A specialist learning of the framework is required for tuning the controller parameters of servo framework to get the ideal execution. As of late, different present day control arrangements are proposed for the ideal control outline of BLDC motor.[1,2] However, these strategies are mind boggling in nature and require over the top calculation. Interestingly, PID control gives a straightforward but then powerful answer for some control

problems.[3] In spite of the fact that PID controllers have a straightforward structure however it is very testing to discover the enhanced PID picks up. The proceeding with execution changes of computational frameworks have made Genetic Algorithm (GA) suitable for finding worldwide ideal answer for control framework, for example, the hunt of optimal PID controller parameters.[4,5] In this paper, extensive modeling of a BLDC motor and GA-based PID scheme is proposed for its position control. The paper is organized in the following manner mathematical modeling, the driving

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International Journal Power Electronics Controllers and Converters ISSN: 2456-1614 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Grid Connected PV Power System With MPPT Mohammad Yasir1*, Faraz Khan2, Faraz Uddin Siddiqui2 1

Electrical Engineering, Azad Institute of Engg. & Tech., Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Electrical Engineering, Integral University Campus, Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract This work presents the basic idea of a practical three phase grid-connected PV power systems having some faults. This modeling also takes an effective effort to track the maximum power by using power electronics considering a practical case study under fault.The basic introduction and idea of the basics of grid connected power system are also proposed. Maximum power point operation.Simulation results arepresented to validate the proposed model for grid-connected photovoltaic power systems. The simulation results and theoretical analysis indicate that the proposed model improves the efficiency of the system& reduces the complex operation of it.Additionally, the proposed. Maximum Power Point Tracking scheme provides robustness and faster convergence under environmental variations. Keywords: maximum power point tracking, photovoltaic

INTRODUCTION Historically the first grid-connected PhotoVoltaic (PV) plants were introduced in the 1980andnow a day’s grid-connected systems are growingfast with the use of Photo-Voltaic technology. All thesesystems use an inverter to transform the DC electricity from the PV arrayinto AC. Grid-connected inverterstotally differ from stand-alone inverters. An MPPT is usually incorporated withthis. Normally, electricity can flow either out of the building fromexcess on-site PV power generation, or into the building with inadequate PVgeneration. Both the exported and the imported energy can be metered. (Figure 1) Each PV module is a nonlinear system so that its output power isinfluenced by solar irradiation and weather conditions. In order to match the nonlinear output of PV

modules with the load for all atmospheric conditions, a maximum power point tracking(MPPT) technique is usually implemented and applied to a gridconnected system to find and track the maximum power point of the PV panel. The MPPT algorithm is appliedto the power conversion stage for adjustment of the system operating point.Therefore, each grid-connected PV system has to perform two essential functions:[1-4]  To extract maximum power output from PV arrays  To inject an almost harmonic free sinusoidal current into the grid. Currently, grid-connected power converters are based on modern power semiconductor devices operating in switched mode, but we simulate it for most basic concept in which thyristors are used.

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International Journal Power Electronics Controllers and Converters ISSN: 2456-1614 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Artificial Neural Networks-Based Four-Leg Matrix Converter for Linear and Nonlinear Load I. Shaba*, V.R. Rajan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V. V. College of Engineering, Tisayanvilai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract The 4-leg matrix converter, which it is capable of providing a 3-phase plus neutral supply from a standard balanced 3-phase source. Tralatitious 3x3 matrix converters deliver bounded use in this application as they are only capable of supplying a poised three-phase payload. It would be suitable to be able to power unbalanced and nonlinear loads, requiring that the converter provides a neutral connection .This goal can be achieved by extending the number of output legs in the matrix converter to four .The fourth leg of MC is required in order to provide an electrical path for the circulation of the zero -sequence current in the load. The space vector modulation technique is use to provide a switching pattern for matrix converter using ANN. The SVM technique is an extension method, which is currently used in 3x3 matrix converters, and then it accords the dissociated restraint of both the input and output .The matrix converter is a nonlinear controller because it uses nonlinear components. ANN controller is an approach to overcome the waveform quality problem. A simulation in the MATLAB / SIMULINK platform has validated the proposed idea. Keywords: artificial neural networks, matrix converter, space vector pulse width modulation, total harmonic distortion

INTRODUCTION Recent years have witnessed an increase in demand for low cost, small size and highly efficient converters. Matrix converters are best suited for such applications. These AC–AC converters are capable of converting an AC input of fixed amplitude and frequency to an AC of variable amplitude and frequency without converting it to DC as in inverters. Matrix converters have various appealing features like compact circuit, sinusoidal currents and bidirectional energy flow. These guarantee higher efficiency, longer lifespan and fewer input harmonics than inverters.[1]

Four-leg MCs, featuring a neutral connection as shown in Figure 1, can be used to produce a balanced output voltage even under highly unbalanced or nonlinear load conditions. Twelve bidirectional switches are used in the converter, each one compiled by two IGBTs and two diodes. In general the switching of the IGBTs in each bidirectional switch is governed using the 4-step commutation method to avert the momentary disconnection of the inductive load connected at the matrix converter output.[2] A second order LC filter is involved to reduce the aberration in the load voltage. The space vector modulation (SVM) technique is used to provide the triggering

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International Journal Power Electronics Controllers and Converters ISSN: 2456-1614 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Fibonacci Series for Hybrid Symmetrical Multilevel Inverter Topology Using Different PWM Strategies Jeetu Khan*, Vijay Bhuria, Praveen Bansal Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, India

Abstract Multilevel inverters are suggested to obtain high superiority output voltage. In this paper, a new hybrid configuration is proposed, obtained by cascading one four switches H-bridge cell with a family of multilevel inverters. In addition, by the use of specific sequence for value of DC sources named Fibonacci series, new topology of proposed inverter is introduced. Main advantages are that planned inverter has least Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) than other conventional multilevel converters in both symmetric and asymmetric modes. Also, this topology doubles the number of output levels using only one cascaded four switches H-bridge cell. This paper proposes a 7-level Fibonacci series for new hybrid symmetrical multilevel inverter. This proposed multilevel inverter topology here is implemented in single-phase with different pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, which requires less number of components, less carrier signals and gate drive circuit as compared to conventional multilevel inverters. A multicarrier PWM technique is used for multilevel inverter topology to generate 7-level output voltage. Finally simulation results of a 7-level multi-level inverter topology are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink R2010a software version. Keywords: multi-level inverter (MLI); Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques; Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) and Fibonacci series

INTRODUCTION High-power industrial applications of converters have been revolutionized in the recent decades by the advent of multilevel converters.[1] Lately, multilevel converters have presented an important development to reach higher power with increasing voltage levels.[2] Also many multilevel inverter configurations and pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques are presented to improve the output voltage harmonic spectrum.[3–5] Multilevel inverters can be considered as voltage synthesizers, where in the output voltage is synthesized from many discrete smaller voltage levels. Compared with the traditional two-level voltage inverter, the

main advantages of the multilevel inverters are having smaller output voltage step, lower harmonic components, better electromagnetic compatibility and lower switching losses.[2,6–9] They can also operate at both fundamental switching frequency and higher switching frequencies in accord with the [9] implementations. But, the main drawbacks of the multilevel inverters are the use of larger number of semiconductors switches and every switch requires a separate gate driver circuit therefore increasing the complexity and size of the overall circuit. From among voltage source multilevel converters, cascaded and modular multilevel

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Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

www.journalspub.com

JAN – JUNE 2016