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International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals eISSN: 2455-0329 International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of Digital Communication and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are related to Digital Communication and Analog Signals. All articles presented here are peer-reviewed and are of good quality.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) ! Time division multiplexing ! Pulse code modulation ! Quantization ! Delta modulation ! Voice and data integration ! Baseband transmission ! Analogue processing circuits ! Digital signal processing ! Analog-to-digital converter ! Magnetic tape and magnetic recording

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Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr.S.Ramakrishnan Dr.Mahalingam College of Engineering & Technology, Pollachi, India

Dr. Vandana Vikas Thakare Electronics Department Madhav Intitute Technology Science Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh,I ndia

Dr. Ajay Somkuwar Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, MANIT Bhopal, India

Amitav Pani IPER Business School, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India

Dr. I. Kathir, Vice-President, Alumni Association,Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, India.

Dr. Ram Mohan Mehra School of Engineering & Technology Sharda University Greater Noida, India

Dr. Sanjay Pachauri Tula's Institute, Dehradun, India

Sandeep Kumar Kautish Engineering North West Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dhudike (MOGA) Punjab, India

K.M. Mehata Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Anna University,Chennai, India

Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Egypt

Dr. Vinod Kumar Shukla Amity University Dubai Campus, United Arab Emirates

Dr. Seyed Feraydune Kashefi Khavaran Higher-education Institute, Iran

V. Koushick Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mookambigai College of Engineering, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu

Tanupriya Choudhury Amity University, Noida, India

V. Sharmila Deve Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Saurabh Rai Dhirendra Prasad Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, DKTE Society's Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India

Dr. Saeid Zoghi Department of Applied Chemistry, Shahrood Azad University, Shahrood, Iran

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals. This journal is part of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Digital Communication and Analog Signals issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Frequency division multiplexing (FDM), Time division multiplexing, Pulse code modulation, Quantization, Delta modulation, Voice and data integration, Baseband transmission, Analogue processing circuits, Digital signal processing etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this very first issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. A Novel Energy-Efficient Minâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Max Optimization (NEMO) With RSA Security in Wireless Sensor Networks R.S. Shudapreyaa, S. Anandamurugan

2. DC Voltage Regulation of UPFC Using Artificial Neural Network Controller V. Sharmila Deve, B. Anupama

3. Synchronized and Asynchronized Comparative Analysis Channel-Hopping-Based Communication Rendezvous in Cognitive Radio Networks P.S. Parihar, G. Sharma, G. Kapur, M. Gupta

4. Unified Communication Aakash Mathew, Gurpreet, Kamal Kumar Ranga

5. A Technical Review on Comparison of Speech Enhancement Algorithms Rajesh Kumar, Vinay Gupta

6. Impact Analysis of Big Data Prediction and Big Data Analysis in Distributed Environment Ridhima Shekhawat, Sarang Sambharia, Aayush Pratap Singh, Avneesh Jha

7. Android Marshmallow: An Upgraded Way to Explore Smartphone Vipul Dalal, Upasna Setia, Piyush Garg, Rajiv Munjal

International Journals Digital Communication and Analog ISSN 2455-0329(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A Novel Energy-Efficient Min–Max Optimization (NEMO) With RSA Security in Wireless Sensor Networks R.S. Shudapreyaa*, S. Anandamurugan Department of Information Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, India

Abstract A novel energy-efficient min–max optimization (NEMO) is proposed to improve the data delivery performance and provide security in WSN. The NEMO scheme is applied in the virtual grid environment to periodically collect the data from source node to the mobile sink through the cell headers. Here the movement of sink is in controlled fashion and collects the data from the border line cell headers. For efficient data delivery fruit fly optimization (FFO) algorithm is applied here to find the best path by using the fitness value calculated between the nodes based on the distance. The optimal path is chosen by first calculating the minimum hop count paths and then finds the maximum of total fitness value along those paths. In that way best path is selected by considering the shortest path which improves the data delivery performance and also it minimizes the energy consumption. The proposed scheme enables the sensor nodes to maintain the optimal path towards the latest location of mobile sink by using the FFO algorithm which leads to maximize the network lifetime in wireless sensor networks. RSA digital signature is used to provide the security between the intermediate nodes during the data delivery. The source node generates the keys and broadcast it to all other nodes in the network. Source node signs the data using its private key and the intermediate nodes verifies the data using the source’s public key which is already broadcasted by the source node. If the data is valid then it forwards to the next intermediate nodes and till the sink node gets the data, forwarding takes place. Else the data packets are dropped and inform that node as misbehaving node and the source chooses the next best path without having that misbehaving node in the path. Keywords: data delivery, energy, FFO, fitness value, intermediate nodes

INTRODUCTION Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless sensor network is a group of specialized transducers with a communication infrastructure intended to monitor and record conditions at diverse locations. Commonly monitored parameters are temperature, humidity, pressure, wind direction and speed, illumination intensity, vibration intensity, sound intensity, power-line voltage, chemical concentrations, pollutant levels and vital body functions. The application of wireless sensor networks to reduce the

effort of human in various environments such as disaster management, intelligent transport system, battle field, healthcare environment and so on. Especially for sink mobility sensor nodes deployed at various points on interest (junctions, car parks, area susceptible to falling rocks) can provide early warning to drivers (mobile sink) in intelligent transport system. The architecture diagram for sensor network is shown in Figure 1.

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International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals ISSN 2455-0329(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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DC Voltage Regulation of UPFC Using Artificial Neural Network Controller V. Sharmila Deve, B. Anupama* Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract A feed forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with back propagation control is proposed to remove the peak over shoot of the DC capacitor voltage used in Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). Proposed ANN controller is tested for the UPFC with wind energy conversion system connected to grid using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are compared with the PI controller. From the results, it is clear that ANN controller helps to regulate the voltage fluctuations of the DC capacitor used in UPFC and reduces the settling time of the voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) after sag and swell. Keywords: artificial neural network, FACTS, unified power flow controller, PI controller, DC link voltage

INTRODUCTION Wind energy has become one of the important and promising sources of renewable energy now in present years. But incorporation of large amount of wind energy in power network will result in fluctuating real power injection in to grid and varying reactive power absorption which leads to voltage fluctuations and affect the stability and power quality of the grid system. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices can provide better solution for the variations created in power system by such types of renewable resources and helps to improve its stability, power transfer capability and control of power flow. FACTS controllers provide the required dynamic reactive power support and the voltage regulation at the Point of Common Coupling. Here, the Unified Power Flow Controller is chosen as the solution for the power quality problems because the UPFC allows simultaneous control of parameters of power system that is the line impedance, magnitude of voltage and power angle. It is primarily used for independent control of real and reactive power in transmission

lines for flexible, fast, reliable and economic operation. In WECS most commonly used generators are squirrel cage induction generators. Induction generators draw the reactive power from the main power grid and hence might results the voltage drops at the point of common coupling. Moreover, the input power to these induction machines is variable in nature and hence the output voltages are unacceptably fluctuating in nature. More research has been done on FACTS devices and discussed on controllers like Static Var Compensator and STATic synchronous COMpensator to improve voltage ride-through of induction generators.[1] The article[2] gives an approach based on Differential Evolution for optimal placement and parameter setting of UPFC for improving power system security. Research on control

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International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Synchronized and Asynchronized Comparative Analysis Channel-Hopping-Based Communication Rendezvous In Cognitive Radio Networks P.S. Parihar, G. Sharma*, G. Kapur, M. Gupta Hindustan Institute of Technology and Management, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract Rendezvous is an essential operation for a cognitive users to establish communication links in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). To ensure the rendezvous in limited time, every single existing rendezvous algorithms create CH (channel-hoping) successions utilizing the entire channel set and endeavor meet on each of the channels (i.e., both accessible channels and unavailable channels). We will present ETCH, productive channel-hopping-based communication rendezvous protocols for CR systems. ETCH protocols incorporate SYNC-ETCH and ASYNC-ETCH. SYNC-ETCH, which expect worldwide clock synchronization, effectively use all the rendezvous in building up control channels constantly. ASYNC-ETCH have the capacity to make a couple of nodes rendezvous without being synchronized. Utilizing a mix of hypothetical investigation and simulations, we will demonstrate that correlation in the middle of SYNC and ASYNC for communication rendezvous in CR networks Keywords: channel hopping, endezvous, random access protocol

INTRODUCTION Communication rendezvous empowers CR clients to speak with one another. A couple of CR clients wishing to convey ought to first concur on a particular channel called control channel. Communication rendezvous are utilized to build up a control channel between CR clients. The greater part of the current MAC protocols for CR systems hand-off on a devoted worldwide or nearby control channel.[1] In any case, those methodologies experience the problem of control packet overhead, and the dynamic way of range accessibility makes it hard to depend on a CCC. In contrast, channel hopping (CH) protocol is an arrangement based control channel outline that gives a powerful technique to actualizing rendezvous without depending on a CCC.[2] One of the rendezvous channels is doled out to be a control

channel. The CH grouping decides the request with which the CR clients visit the greater part of the accessible rendezvous channels. The principle point of this outline is to enhance the control channel designation over range and time spaces keeping in mind the end goal to minimize the effect of PU movement. When two CR users want to communicate with each other, they hop to the same rendezvous channel and subsequently this channel will serve as a control channel between them. The main and the most outstanding one is that in synchronous QCH all nodes dependably vie for only one rendezvous channel as control channel, which would prompt a high likelihood of car accident and low activity throughput. We propose SYNC-ETCH, a synchronous ETCH protocol, which effectively uses the

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International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals ISSN 2455-0329(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Unified Communication Aakash Mathew*, Gurpreet, Kamal Kumar Ranga Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana, Jhajjar, Haryana, India

Abstract Unified communication will be very helpful in daily life for different puposes. It may be used in different ways for communication. It can be excellent technical service for business. It will be necessary to prepare an organization for success. Keywords: augmentation, transactional applications

deployment,

INTRODUCTION Unified communications is a set of technologies that automates and unifies human and device communications in a common context and experience. It is also called real time communication. It is an industry term used to describe all forms of call and multimedia cross -media messagemanagement functions controlled by an individual user for both business and social purposes. It encompasses several communication systems or models including unified, collaboration, and interaction systems; real-time and near real communications and transactional applications.[1-4] UC can encompass all forms of communications that are exchanged via a network to include other forms of communications and more organizations are blending networks, systems, and business applications and reaping the benefits of integrated channels for enterprise communications and those benefits are clear: UC improves how employees collaborate.

interoperability,

real

time

communication,

CONCEPT Organizations have become increasingly dependent on digital communications. It delivers complete communications messaging, instant messaging, presence, conferencing, and voice across the applications and devices that people use every day. It facilitate the interactive use of multiple enterprise communications methods. It include the means to integrate real-time or near-real time unified messaging and interactive systems. For example, a single user can access a variety of communication applications such as E Mail, SMS video, fax, voice, and others through a single user mailbox. It has expanded to incorporate collaboration and other interactive systems such as scheduling, workflow, instant messaging and voice response systems. It also provides the integration through multiple devices. For example, many service features, options, and user accounts are as readily available to you from your, laptop or other

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International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals ISSN 2455-0329(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A Technical Review on Comparison of Speech Enhancement Algorithms Rajesh Kumar*, Vinay Gupta Department of Electronics and Communication, BSA College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, India

Abstract The use of mobile speech communication devices has increased by manifold. Mobile communication technology is providing us the mobility and exhibility to communicate irrespective of place and time. The result is that the mobile voice communication systems are often used in high acoustic background noise environment. In such circumstances speech communication suffers from lack of pleasantness and/ intelligibility. To make voice communication intelligible and pleasant in such noisy environments, we investigate new methods of enhancing background noise corrupted speech signal in this report. We consider that the noisy speech signal is recorded using a close talking microphone (like the case of a mobile phone). Various SE methods have been proposed over the last two decades differing in statistical model used for the clean speech signal. The existing SE methods do not exploit the dependency of among the transform domain coefficients. They enhance each coefficient independent of the others. We compare the SE performances of the developed SE methods with that of the state-of-art SE algorithms. Keywords: noisy speech, reverberant speech, speech enhancement, spectral processing, temporal processing

INTRODUCTION Speech is the most natural form of human communication. The advancement in technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. Speech has also become an important means of human-machine communication. Reliability and adorability of mobile voice communication devices has made anywhere and anytime communication a reality. The freedom and exhibility provided by mobile communication has also introduced new challenges, one of the most prominent being the suppression of background acoustic noise. Often mobile voice communication devices are used in an environment with a high level of ambient noise, leading to degraded speech quality.[1] Some important examples where severe speech

degradation occurs include: cellular radio telephone systems which usually suffers from back-ground noise. Air-ground communication systems in which aircraft cockpit noise corrupts the pilots’ speech.[25]

Military voice communication systems, which operates in noisy environment created by fighter aircrafts, machine guns, tanks, etc. Teleconferencing systems where multi-talker babble noise comes into play. The perception of speech signal is usually measured in terms of its quality and intelligibility. The quality is a subjective

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International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals ISSN: 2455-0329 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Impact Analysis of Big Data Prediction and Big Data Analysis in Distributed Environment Ridhima Shekhawat*, Sarang Sambharia, Aayush Pratap Singh, Avneesh Jha CSE Department, JK Lakshmipat University, Jaipur, India

Abstract This paper primarily focuses on “Data Prediction and Data Analysis in Distributed Environment”. Initially introduction regarding Data Prediction, Data Analysis and Distributed Environment has been discussed. Afterwards, we have accumulated case studies which prove the necessity of the concerned topic. Later, in this paper various parameters are marked down which prove to be great assets. The concern of growing data and the importance of its prediction and analysis motivated this paper which lists the parameters and to bolster the online expectation of application behavior in order to optimize data access operations on distributed systems. In today’s scenario, these parameters have become a necessity for everyone. Keywords: data analysis, data prediction, distributed environment, distributed systems

INTRODUCTION Data prediction is a way of extracting out information from existing data in order to determine the patterns and predict future trends. It does not tell us what will happen in the future rather it forecasts what might happen in the future with a very good level of reliability, and includes what-if scenarios and also risk assessment. Predictive models and analysis are typically used to forecast future possibilities. It can be applied to business; predictive models are used to analyze current data and historical facts in order to be able to understand the customers in a much better way.[1] Data Prediction uses a number of techniques which includes data mining, statistical modeling and machine learning to help the various analysts to make future business forecasts. A lot of companies which includes SAS (Predictive Analytics Suite), IBM (IBM SPSS Statistics), and Microsoft (Microsoft Dynamics CRM Analytics Foundation) are

providing solutions to enterprises using Data Prediction techniques. Data Analysis is a process of examining, cleaning, changing, and displaying data with the goal of achieving useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision-making. Data analysis is a process of obtaining raw data and converting it into information that is useful for decision-making by various users across the globe. Data is collected and completely analyzed to answer questions, test hypotheses or disprove/prove theories. Predictive analytics is an area of data mining which deals with extracting useful information from data and using it to predict trends and behavior patterns. Predictive analytics is regularly characterized as foreseeing at a more itemized level of granularity, i.e., creating prescient scores (probabilities) for every individual hierarchical component. This discriminates it from forecasting. The core

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International Journals Digital Communication and Analog Signals ISSN: 2455-0329(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Android Marshmallow: An Upgraded Way to Explore Smartphone Vipul Dalal1, Upasna Setia1*, Piyush Garg2, Rajiv Munjal1 1

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana, Jhajjar, Haryana, India 2 TCS, USA

Abstract Whenever a user wants to explore anything, an operating system provides him with the results based on the things he needs to manage in a smartphone. So, there are various operating systems which can manage and gives the user a platform to run all the software’s and per the hardware requirements needed. Android marshmallow is one such OS. It is an upgraded way to manage your smartphones in a bit more ease with latest software’s and applications in it. Keywords: android, DOZE, operating system

INTRODUCTION Android, INC. was established in PALO ALTO , California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin(co-founder of DANGER), ironic driller(co-founder of WILD FIRE COMMUNICATIONS), nick sears(once V.P. at T-Mobile) and Chris White(headed design and interface development at web TV) to mature, in Rubin’s words, “ smarter mobile expedients that are additional conscious of its owners location and inclinations”. The initial intensions of the corporation were to grow a progressive working system for arithmetical cameras. However, when it appreciated for the marketplace for the strategies was not great sufficient, the corporation unfocussed its hard work towards producing a smartphone operating system that would rival Symbian and Microsoft windows mobile. Notwithstanding the past happenings of the originators and early staffs, android Inc. operated furtively informative only that it was employed on software for mobile phone. That similar year, Rubin ran out of money. Steve Perlman, a close friend of Rubin brought

him $10000 in cash in an wrapping and refused a stick in the company.[1,2] Android is a mobile operating system grounded on the LINUX kernel and presently industrialized by Google. With a user border founded on direct manipulation, android is intended principally for touch screen mobile plans such as smartphones and tablet computers, with particular user interfaces for T.Vs, cars and wrist watches. Characteristically android usages touch inputs that insecurely relate to real world actions like swiping, tapping, pinching and opposite pinching to operate on screen objects and a virtual keyboard. Notwithstanding being mainly intended for touch screen input, it has also been used in game consoles, digital cameras, regular PCs and other electronics. As of 2015 android is the largest installed base of all operating system.

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

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Development « International Journal of Town Planning and Management 2 more...

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Nursing « « « « «

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Material Sciences and Engineering

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5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

International Journal of

Pollution

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Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences