International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture vol 2 issue 2 by JournalsPub

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International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

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International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture

International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture provides a platform that publishes high quality conference proceeding, original research articles and editorial reviews from the field of landscape planning, ecosystem analysis, field ecology and other major related issues.

Focus and Scope of the Journal  Design techniques of gardens and parks  Plant systems and processes  Landscape engineering  Eco-system analysis and field ecology  Environmental psychology, geography  Environmental economics and environmental legislation  Challenges of environmental planning and design  Rain gardens, green roofs, groundwater recharge, and treatment wetlands  Coastal and offshore developments

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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Adesoji David Jiboye Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Dr. Steve Kardinal Jusuf National University of Singapore, Singapore

Dr. Nelly Shafik Ramzy Associate Professor, Sinai University Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Cairo, Egypt., Egypt

Dr. Yogesh K. Garg Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Assistant Professor Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Prof. Elham Hatami Professor, Daneshpajhoohan University, Islamic Republic of Iran

Shima Hamidi University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States

Dr. Mohd Fairuz Shahidan Universiti Putra Malaysia

Er saikala Lakshminarayanan National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal Dept. of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India

Minakshi Jain National Institute of Technology Hamirpur (H.P), India

Dr. Suchandra Bardhan, Jadavpur University, India

Kailas M. Rao Manipal University, India

Mr Akmal Hakim Department of Architecture, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dr. Amar Nath Nayak Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, India

Dr. B. S. Bhooshan, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, BSB Architects, Bangalore and Mysore, India

Prakash Chandra Tamrakar, Department of Architecture and Interior, Decoration & Design, Government Girls Polytechnic, Raipur (C.G.), India

Mr. Saptarshi Sanyal, Assistant Professor of Architecture, School of Planning & Architecture, (SPA) New Delhi, India

Ayman Hassaan Ahmed Mahmoud Department of Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo Unversity, Giza, Egypt

Dr. Ashwani Kumar Department of Architecture and Planning, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India

Dr. Steve Kardinal Jusuf School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Ankur Prabhakar Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Nishant Nathani Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture & Planning, Amity University Haryana, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture. This journal is part of the Architecture community, and is devoted to the scope of present Landscape Planning and Architecture issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Landscape Planning and Architecture as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Architectural community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Architecture in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, welltime & successfully. International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Design techniques of gardens and parks, Plant systems and processes, Landscape engineering, Challenges of environmental planning and design. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Landscape Planning and Architecture and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Landscape Planning and Architecture community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Landscape Planning and Architecture. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Architecture readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Landscape Planning and Architecture. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Innovations in Landscape Architecture and Urban Designing A.N. Sarkar

2. The 2016 Aga Khan Award Winners and Importance of Aga Khan Award for Architecture Deepika Goel

3. Reducing Operational Energy Consumption in Traditional Buildings Through Retrofitting S. Sharma, K. Nabeel, S. Raghunath

4. Review Article: Worthwhile Safeguard of Soil in India â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Need for Future Juveniles Ankita Singh

5. Landscape Design to Control Climatic and Energy Conservation Changes Deepika Goel

International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Innovations in Landscape Architecture and Urban Designing A.N. Sarkar

Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, 3& 4 Institutional Areas, Jasola, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, India

BACKGROUND Urbanization has become a worldwide phenomenon after the second half of the last century. Today more than half of the world population lives in urban environments. According to the World Bank data, 51% percent of the world’s population lives in urban areas as of 2010 (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.U RB.TOTL.IN.ZS/countries/1W?display=gr aph). Urbanization is a complex and multidimensional concept with its spatial, ecological, economic, social and cultural aspects. While urbanization is widely accepted as a foundation of modernizing (Clarke Annez & Buckley, 2009), it has also caused environmental and socioeconomic challenges (Adams & Sierra, 2009). Consequently, planning and design of urban areas are faced with challenges to create both ecologically and economically sustainable cities.[1–8] Natural landscapes have been dramatically transformed by the urbanization process throughout the world. Consumption of resources is highest in urban environments, which causes negative impacts on physical environment. Traffic, air, water and soil pollution, improper land use and greenhouse gas emissions are some of the major issues due to urbanization. There are multiple impacts of urbanization on ecology, environment, socio-cultural and economic aspects of life. Therefore, planning and designing of physical environments; specially those of natural resources attributing to sustainable and environment-friendly urban development requires a holistic and

comprehensive understanding and application to develop built-in synergy. The paper highlights with suitable illustrations the various recent innovations in the field of urban designing based on landscape architecture. URBAN DESIGN: DEFINITION AND CONCEPT Urban design as a profession might be considered relatively new, but historically it has played a major role in forming cities (Arida, 2002). The concept of urban design has emerged as a bridge between planning and design in response to need for management of modernizing cities in the late 1950s (Krieger, 2009). However, there does not exist a commonly agreed definition of urban design yet, mainly due to its interdisciplinary character. While some try to create a precise and universal definition, some argue that it is unnecessary. Ideally, there should not or cannot be a single definition of urban design and points out if the existence of different kinds of urban design is recognized, then it is possible to get a better understanding of the nature of it (Rowley, 1994). There are many viewpoints on what urban design actually is. Traditionally, urban design has been regarded either as a subset of planning or as extension of architecture. On the other hand, one cannot abstract open and green spaces out of an urban environment. Hence, the role of landscape architecture in urban design needs to be understood and accepted as a key part in creating sustainable urban environments.[9–15]

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International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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The 2016 Aga Khan Award Winners and Importance of Aga Khan Award for Architecture Deepika Goel*

Department of Architecture, Accurate Institute of Architecture and Planning, Greater Noida, India

ABSTRACT Aga khan award for architecture is an architectural award rewarding firm which runs by an agency of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) under Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC). In the repeat of every 3 years cycle these awards can be given to the aspirations of Islamic society’s architecture buildings for their good work and deed to the useful persons. Keywords: Aga Khan Awards, architecture, project

INTRODUCTION The Aga Khan Award for Architecture was established by His Highness the Aga Khan in 1977 to identify and encourage building concepts that successfully addressed the needs and aspirations of communities in which Muslims have a significant presence. Prizes have been given to projects across the world, from France to China. Architects and planners from New York to Dhaka have received one of 116 awards. During the nomination process, more than 9,000 building projects were documented.[1]

mayors, builders, clients, master craftsmen, engineers and end-users – as well as architects (Source: http://www.akdn.org/press-release/2016aga-khan-award-architecture-recipientsannounced).[2] WINNERS 2016 For the year 2016 out of 348 nominations this year, six projects were awarded as winners:

Over the course of the last 39 years, most of the great architects of our time have either won the Award or served on its Master Jury or Steering Committee, from Zaha Hadid to Norman Foster, Charles Correa to Frank Gehry, Jean Nouvel to Hassan Fathy. The Aga Khan Award for Architecture selects projects – from slum upgrading to high rise “green” buildings – that not only exhibit architectural excellence but also improve the overall quality of life. Because these achievements typically involved successful collaboration between many people, the Award recognizes

Architect by Marina Tabassum “the Bait ur Rouf Mosque in Dhaka, Bangladesh.”

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International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture

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Reducing Operational Energy Consumption in Traditional Buildings Through Retrofitting 1

S. Sharma1*, K. Nabeel2, S. Raghunath3

School of Planning and Architecture, Poornima University Jaipur, India 2 Practicing Architect, Kerala, India 3 Practicing Architect, New Delhi, India

ABSTRACT Buildings consume a major chunk of total energy. Operational and Embodied energy are two components through which energy is consumed in a building. For a typical building its operational energy has to be controlled because it is consumed throughout the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life. In traditional buildings, energy saving measures were more passive but now days, increasing energy consumption in building requires active measures to be incorporated. Therefore, to prevent buildings from consuming excessive operational energy, retrofitting is done. To incorporate energy saving measures through retrofitting, first these measures have to be checked and analysed. So four buildings from different regions, climates, functions, energy saving features, etc. were compared. The results suggested a few techniques which were more effective than others. Later on these techniques were applied in an existing building through retrofitting and results were recorded. The results revealed that a combination of active and passive techniques can help a traditional building to conserve energy through retrofitting. Keywords: active energy conservation, passive energy conservation, retrofitting, traditional buildings

INTRODUCTION Buildings have been a major consumer of energy since their evolution and have intensive energy consumption throughout their life cycle. In a building the energy consumption is through two major components i.e. embodied energy and operational energy. The larger part of energy is consumed through the operational energy used in airconditioning, lighting, heating etc. In view of spiralling energy demand, the energy conservation measures need to be incorporated during building design stage itself to reduce embodied as well as operational energy demands. This energy conservation per se can be done by either active or passive measures. Active

Fig. 1. Total Energy Consumption in India, 2011 (Source: US Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics) Measures are more dynamic in nature and controllable; hence they are able to produce

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International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Review Article: Worthwhile Safeguard of Soil in India – A Need for Future Juveniles Ankita Singh*

Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida

ABSTRACT Soil is a mixture formed by a porous matrix, which consists of air, water and biota and its severe degradation is a major concern that depends on several factors. Soil problems are due to diversity, water problems, distribution and specific vulnerability of soils. They also depend on geography, relief and climate. In India soil conditions are degraded and are even further worsen by human behavior. Soil is a major part for all the living beings to sustain their life on earth. India is a democratic country with various religions which are scattered in all over the country with different type of soils. Every soil has its own quality to ensure various life’s on earth. In the today’s life, we have already realized the fact of solving soil problems will help to solve other problems at the global and national levels. As soil has various users, consideration of soil has to be integrated at different levels. There is a need for soil assessment approaches and soil protection policies from local to national and global, sectors and other environmental issues and landscapes, urban, rural, mountain and coastal areas. For the set-up of environmental and sectoral policies at the national and global level actions to be taken at all administrative levels, from land planning at the local and sub-national levels to ensure that our juvenile will be having healthy life ahead. Keywords: green infrastructure, soil, soil degradation, sustainable soil

INTRODUCTION Soil and Its Types in India Six different types of soils found in India: [1] 1. Alluvial Soils: It is a most fertile soil in India which is formed by accumulated particles transferred by the rivers and oceans. Alluvial soil lacks humus and nitrogen, it is a finegrained fertile soil deposited in river beds or by water flowing over flood plains. 2. Laterite Soils: It is a kind of clayey rock or soil formed under high temperature and high rainfall. Furthermore it converted into red colored soil with iron nodules. This soil is mostly infertile only plants like

tea, coffee, coconut, areca nut, etc. are grown in this soil. These soils are found in South Maharashtra, the Western Ghats in Kerala and Karnataka, at places on the Eastern Ghats, in some parts of Assam, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and in West Bengal (particularly in Birbhum district). 3. Red Soils: This soil is red in color due to red oxides of iron; develop on granite and geneses rocks under low rainfall condition. These soils are medium fertile and found mainly in almost whole of Tamil Nadu, Southeastern Karnataka, North-eastern and South-eastern Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand the major parts of Orissa,

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International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture

Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Landscape Design to Control Climatic and Energy Conservation Changes Deepika Goel*

Department of Architecture, Accurate Institute of Architecture & Planning, Greater Noida, India

ABSTRACT Structures expend critical expansive measure of vitality for cooling, warming, ventilation and lighting in structures to make alluring warm solace conditions. Expanding utilization of vitality has prompted to natural contamination bringing about an unnatural weather change and ozone layer exhaustion and hence having environmental change. Henceforth to lessen the discharge of nursery gasses, brought about by fossil energizes to control the operational vitality necessity of the structures has empowered the intrigue towards selection of climatic control and vitality protection measure through scene outline. In warm and tropical atmospheres abundance sunlight based pick up results in high cooling vitality utilization. The utilization of scene materials to direct impacts of antagonistic atmospheres is not another idea, but rather is getting impressive consideration in perspective of current accentuation on vitality preservation. The objective of vitality monitoring finishing is to control vitality streams from the sun and wind [1]. Scene outline is a part of the more extensive plan prepare, permitting connection between the building introduction, building plan, site conditions, and proposed scene advancement. Atmosphere responsive scene outline can be one of the vital elements for vitality protection in structures. Keywords: building design, landscape planning

INTRODUCTION Appropriate arranging diminishes coordinate sun from putting and warming up building surfaces. It counteracts reflected light-weight conveying heat into a working from the base or option surfaces. Arranging makes totally extraordinary stream of air examples and may be usual direct or redirect the twist well by dispensing a weight refinement to boot, the shade made by trees and thusly the consequence of grass and cleans cut back air temperatures adjoining the building and supply stage move cooling. Legitimately outlined rooftop gardens lessen warm loads in a building. A study demonstrates

that the encompassing air under a tree adjoining the divider is around 2 °C to 2.5 °C lower than that for unshaded zones, which diminishes warm pick up by conduction. [2]. Accurately set shade trees, windbreaks, and ground plantings can decrease warming and cooling costs by an expected 25-30%, with a few gauges as high as half [3]. Supportable scene outline is a piece of green building, and in a perfect world it ought to be planned in the meantime as a green building, so that vitality and material spill out of one arrangement of frameworks can be utilized as a part of the

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Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India E-mail: info@journalspub.com

20 mit icle b rt u S A Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and u Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Machine Design and Yo Manufacturing

Mechanical Engineering

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

« « «

Applications

International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

5 more...

Signals

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

« « « «

Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

Nursing « « « « «

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

International Journal of

g in n n la P e p a c s Land e r u t c e it h c r A d n a IJLPA

016 Jul–Dec 2

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences