International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis vol 2 issue 2 by JournalsPub

7 1 20 mit icle b rt u S A r u Yo

Applied Mechanics

Mechanical Engineering

5 more...

Chemical Engineering

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...

Computer Science and Engineering

Electrical Engineering

5 more...

Nursing « « « « «

International Journal of

Civil Engineering

Architecture

4 more...

Structural Engineering & Analysis Jul–Dec 2016

IJSEA

Material Sciences and Engineering

International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing 4 more...

5 more...

Biotechnology

Chemistry

3 more...

Nanotechnology

3 more...

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

www.journalspub.com

International Journals Publisher

International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis

JournalsPub is a multi-disciplinary international journal boosting innovative & eminence research work by Division of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. Launched in 2014 under the support and guidance by our Honorable Editorial Board Members from renowned institutes.

Objectives of JournalsPub  JournalsPub is international scholarly journal that publishes peer reviewed journal in the frontier areas of

Applied Sciences, Medical and Engineering.  JournalsPub publishes Original Research Papers, Review Papers, Popular Articles, Short

Communications & Case Study. 

Publishing special issues on Proceedings of Conferences, Seminars and Symposia.

 JournalsPub Publishes issues twice a year (bi-annually) in English-language which is available online

(open access) and in printed version with a goal to promote an extensive academic awareness.  JournalsPub desires to set a good benchmark in the publishing industry by launching more than 100+

new International Journals to help the scientific community to enhance communication within the research communities and maintain a balance between the existing and emerging interdisciplinary technologies.  JournalsPub aims to provide quality research articles for Academic Researchers, Industrial

Professionals, Engineers, Scientists, Professors, etc. working in the areas of Applied Sciences, Medical and Engineering to contribute and communicate innovative work.

Salient Features  An umbrella of 100+ journals that covers Applied Sciences, Medial and Engineering Arena.  The first and one of the rapidly emerging publication website in Country as well as overseas for its

excellence and exposure.  Universal transmission and reflectivity.  A Rigorous, Fast and Constructive Peer Review Process  Speedy Publication of Manuscripts  Eminent Editorial Board Members from renowned organizations.  Free Registration, Online Submission, Processing, Publication & Online Access of Manuscripts.  The journal publishes novel research articles with emphasis on theoretical and experimental work.

JournalsPub (Division of Dhruv Infosystems Private Ltd.) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journals. Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the Author(s) and are not the opinion of JournalsPub unless so stated. Subscription Information and Order Cost of Journal National Subscription Rs. 3000/- per Journal (includes 2 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1800/copy

International Subscription Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 2 print issues)

Online + Print-$199 (includes 2 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@journalspub.com Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India include speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without notice. Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi. Online Access Policy A). For Authors: In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, JournalsPub also have Open Access Policy; Authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as follows: India, SARC and African Countries: INR 1500 including single hard copy of Author's Journal. Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal. B.) For Subscribers: Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber. The access will be blocked: If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking due to technical issue. Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy. Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: JournalsPub with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very welcome. Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues: Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the next issue as per the frequency. Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends. Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored. Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to JournalsPub at least 2 months prior to the dispatch schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber ID and the subscription ID. Refund requests will not be entertained. Legal Disputes All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only. If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team: info@journalspub.com; Tel: +91 0120-4347644.

International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis provide a rapid forum for publication of research article and comprehensive reviews that focuses on the structural engineering and recent technological advancement that can be of great importance to the scientific community.

Focus and Scope of the Journal  Analytical and design methods  Dams, bridges, buildings and special structures  Retaining structures and walls  Innovations in design and new technologies  Performance of structures  Repairs, strengthening, and maintenance  Structural fracture mechanics  Stability engineering  Soil-structure interaction  Mechanical structures  Standards and codes of practice  Structural and solid mechanics  Experimental studies and testing technologies

International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis is published twice a year (bi-annual by JournalsPub- an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permission to the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Manisha Dhoble Rekha Rani

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Hasan Dilbas Yildiz Technical University, Turkey

Dr. Govardhan Bhatt National Institute of Technology Raipur, India

Dr. Ramani Bai Varadharajan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India., Malaysia

Dr. Saleem Muhammad Saleem Department of Basic Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia

Tim Tse Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China

Dr. P. Ratish Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, N.I.T Warangal, India

Anil Kumar Sachan Civil Engineering Department, MNNIT Allahabad, India

Dr. J. Karthikeyan Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Samer Al Martini Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates

AFM Saiful Amin Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Shalem Ernest National Institute of Technology Raipur, India

Hitesh Sharma N.I.T Raipur, India

Dr. Tarun Kumar Lohani Professor & Head, Civil Engineering, Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, India

Dr. G. Nandini Devi Professor, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamil-Nadu, India

Batool Abd Al-elah Aziz College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq

Dr. Turgut Kocaturk Yıldız Technical University,Civil Engineering,Istanbul

Saurabh Prakashrao Nirkhe P.E.S. College of Engineering, Aurangabad. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Auranagabad, India

Ali M. Gharavimajdi Professor, Civil Engineering; Amirkabir university of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Sagar Mandya Shankar Visvesvaraya Technological University, mandya, India

Assoc. Prof. Mesut Simsek Yıldız Technical University Civil Engineering Department Davutpasa Campus Esenler – Istanbul

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis. This journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Structural Engineering and Analysis issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Structural Engineering and Analysis as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Civil Engineers community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Structural Engineering and Analysis in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Analytical and design methods, Dams, bridges, buildings and special structures, Retaining structures and walls, Innovations in design and new technologies, Performance of structures, Repairs, strengthening, and maintenance. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Structural Engineering and Analysis and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Structural Engineering and Analysis community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Structural Engineering and Analysis. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Structural Engineering and Analysis readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Structural Engineering and Analysis. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Seismic Behavior of Soft Storey Building With Static and Dynamic Earthquake Loading S.P. Nirkhe, A.G. Dahake, V.R. Upadhye

2. Flexural Analysis of Thick Beam Subjected to Sine Load Using Refined Shear Deformation Theory P.M. Pankade, D.H. Tupe, G.R. Gandhe

3. Assessment of the Factors Influencing Facility Maintenance Problems in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria Adeola Taiwo Olusola, Akinola Olanike Oluwatosin, Oladoja Ismaila Olawale

4. Review Insight: Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening to Produce Nanograin Particles Shashank Jain

5. Current Trends and Future Prospects in Development of Tall Buildings Anirudh Mathur

International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis

Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Seismic Behavior of Soft Storey Building With Static and Dynamic Earthquake Loading 1

S.P. Nirkhe1*, A.G. Dahake, V.R. Upadhye2

Department of Civil Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering AND Management Studies, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Marathwada Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT Soft storey building played an important role in development of multistoried buildings in India. Functional and Social need to provide car parking space at ground level and for offices open stories at different level of structure far out-weighs the warning against such buildings from engineering community. With the availability of fast computers, so that software usage in civil engineering has greatly reduced the complexities of different aspects in the analysis and design of projects. In this paper an investigation has been made to study the seismic behavior of soft storey building with different arrangement in soft storey building when subjected to static and dynamic earthquake loading. It is observed that, providing infill improves resistant behavior of the structure when compared to soft storey provided. Keywords: seismic loads, soft storey, static and dynamic analysis

INTRODUCTION Open storey building provides facility for car parking in highly populated areas. Hence the trend has been to utilize the ground storey of the building itself for parking or reception lobbies in the first storey. These types of buildings having no infill masonry walls in ground storey, but all upper storey’s unfilled in masonry walls are called “soft first storey or open ground storey building.” Experience of different nations with the poor and devastating performance of such buildings during earthquakes always seriously discouraged construction of such a building with a soft ground floor. This storey is known as weak storey, because this storey stiffness is lower compare to above storey. So that easily collapses by earthquake. Due to wrong construction practices and ignorance for earthquake resistant design of buildings in our country, most of the existing buildings are

vulnerable to future earthquakes. So, prime importance to be given for the earthquake resistant design. The Indian seismic code IS 1893 (Part1): 2002 classifies a soft storey as “one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of that in the storey above or less than 80 percent of the average lateral stiffness of the three storey’s above. Objectives and Scope Stability of earth is always disturbed due to internal forces and as a result of such disturbance, vibrations or jerks in ear this crust takes place, which is known as an earthquake. Earthquake produces low– high waves which vibrate the base of structure in various manners and directions, so that lateral force is developed on structure. In such buildings, the stiffness of the lateral load resisting

Page 1

International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis

Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Flexural Analysis of Thick Beam Subjected to Sine Load Using Refined Shear Deformation Theory P.M. Pankade*, D.H. Tupe, G.R. Gandhe

Department of Civil Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Dr. BAMU University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT A Hyperbolic Shear Deformation Theory (HPSDT) taking into account transverse shear deformation effects is used for the static flexure analysis of thick isotropic beams. The displacement field of the theory contains two variables. The hyperbolic sine and cosine function is used in the displacement field in terms of thickness coordinate to represent shear deformation. The transverse shear stress can be obtained directly from the use of constitutive relations, satisfying the shear stress-free boundary conditions at top and bottom of the beam. Hence, the theory obviates the need of shear correction factor. Governing differential equations and boundary conditions of the theory are obtained using the principle of virtual work. General solutions of thick isotropic simply supported beam subjected to Single sine load are obtained. Expressions for transverse displacement of beams are obtained and contribution due to shear deformation to the maximum transverse displacement is investigated. The results of the present theory are compared with those of other refined shear deformation theories of beam to verify the accuracy of the theory. Keywords: thick beam, shear deformation, isotropic beam, transverse shear stress, static flexure, hyperbolic shear deformation theory, principle of virtual work

INTRODUCTION The wide spread use of shear flexible materials in aircraft, automotive, shipbuilding and other industries has stimulated interest in the accurate prediction of structural behavior of beams. Theories of beams involve basically the reduction of a three dimensional problems of elasticity theory to a one-dimensional problems. Since the thickness dimension is much smaller than the longitudinal dimension, it is possible to approximate the distribution of the displacement, strain and stress components in the thickness dimension. The various methods of development of refined theories based on the reduction of the three dimensional problems of mechanics of elastic bodies are discussed by Gol denveizer,[1] Kil

chevskiy,[2] Donnell,[3] Vlasov Leontev,[4] Sayir and Mitropoulos.[5]

and

It is well-known that elementary theory of bending of beam based on Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis that the plane sections which are perpendicular to the neutral layer before bending remain plane and perpendicular to the neutral layer after bending, implying that the transverse shear and transverse normal strains are zero. Thus the theory disregards the effects of the shear deformation. It is also known as classical beam theory. The theory is applicable to slender beams and should not be applied to thick or deep

Page 8

International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis

Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Assessment of the Factors Influencing Facility Maintenance Problems in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria Adeola Taiwo Olusola1*, Akinola Olanike Oluwatosin1, Oladoja Ismaila Olawale2 1

Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria 2 Department of Estate Management, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria

ABSTRACT This survey is carried to assess the facility maintenance challenges in higher institutions of learning by adopting Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. The study particularly examined those factors that contribute to maintenance problems and those that influence maintenance programme on the institutional buildings in the study area. Structured questionnaires were distributed to respondents and the results were analyzed. Findings revealed that untimely replacement of defective fitting is the main maintenance challenge in the institution; this can be attributed to inadequate funding which is also a major factor responsible for maintenance problems in the institution. The study also shows that the end users’ need was rarely considered at the planning stage while no plan was put in place for the maintenance work on the buildings except daily cleaning. These factors among others contributed to the maintenance problems in the institution. It was recommended that educational planners and policy makers should ensure that adequate budget provision is made for facilities maintenance and management which must also include cost of technology in order to ensure the sustainability of the infrastructure. Keywords: facility, fittings, institutional building, maintenance, management

INTRODUCTION Facilities management is an integral part of the overall management in a learning environment. Facilities management according to the Centre for Facilities Management is “the process by which an organization delivers and sustains support services in a quality environment to meet strategic needs”.[1] The provision of adequate facilities management can be said to provide best value for the facilities and building services in any organization.[2] This is because it keeps the facility in good working condition and makes it available for its lifecycle. The condition of facilities in a learning environment determines the performance of not only the tutors but also the scholars.[3] Learning process is deemed to be hindered and academic productivity

decline when facilities’provisions are inadequate or dysfunctional. Constant property maintenance is an absolute necessity for improved real estate investments. Maintenance focuses on sustenance and conservation of existing buildings with a view to retaining their structural stability and functionalities.[3] Asiabaka noted that the actualization of the goals and objectives of education requires provision, maximum utilization and appropriate management of the facilities.[4] With the advancement in science and technology, there is need to adopt contemporary facilities management techniques to improve higher institution learning process. Studies by Jekayinka; Suleiman and Atiku, Crie and Babatope

Page 20

International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis

Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Review Insight: Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening to Produce Nanograin Particles Shashank Jain*

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, UP, India

ABSTRACT Tedious folding and rectifying (RCS) is an as of late created serious plastic distortion procedure to deliver Ultra-Fine Grain (UFG) materials. The initial step is completed by twisting the work piece to a ridged shape, and the second step is expert by fixing the layered work piece between two level platens. The preparing cycle can be rehashed ordinarily. Keywords: finite element modeling, repetitive corrugation straightening, severe plastic deformation INTRODUCTION Extreme plastic twisting (SPD) is one of the strategies for acquiring fine crystalline structure in various mass metals and combinations, which have distinctive crystallographic structure. SPD causes the development of micrometer and submicrometer estimated sub-grains in the first coarse grain materials. As a consequence of that upgraded mechanical execution is watched. The instrument in charge of this impact is still under scrutiny, in any case, it is trusted that short and long-go converging shear groups created by plastic disfigurement assume a noteworthy part at grain subdivision and neighborhood dynamic recuperation and recrystallization forms add to grain refinement. Adequately expansive misshapening prompts a particular structure of disengagement free and very mis-arranged fine grains. At the point when characterizing a submicron grain structure the vital parameters, which are matter of concern, are normal separating of high edge grain limits (HAGB) and extent of HAGB range. The auxiliary changes brought about by SPD are reflected in

enhanced mechanical properties of metals. The reported impacts incorporate expanded hardness and yield stress, both highlighting inclination to immersion. The disadvantage of ultrafine grained structure materials is their constrained malleability. Some other examination uncovered expanded pliability and strength and additionally enhanced dumping and physical properties. The fine grained structure of UFG materials acquired by SPD prompts superplastic conduct of these materials at lower temperatures but then with higher twisting rates.[1,2] Huge plastic strains somewhere around 1 and 15 can be forced in chips shaped via plane-strain (2-D) machining of metals and compounds. This methodology has been utilized to analyze microstructure changes actuated by substantial strain misshapening in model frameworks – copper and its combinations, Precipitation – hardenable aluminum compounds, high quality materials, for example, titanium, Inconel 718 and 52100 steel, and a nebulous amalgam. It is demonstrated that materials with normal grain sizes in the

Page 29

International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis

Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Current Trends and Future Prospects in Development of Tall Buildings Anirudh Mathur*

Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi, India

ABSTRACT From 19th century onwards development of tall buildings emerges and till now rapidly developing in all over the world. Especially in metro cities like Delhi-NCR, Mumbai, etc. growth rate for tall buildings were high which leads to destroy overall cycle of humans, animals and plants. Main factors need to be concerning is global warming and ozone layer depletion. Keywords: global warming, tall buildings

INTRODUCTION Tall structures all through the world are getting to be famous step by step. With the appearance of advanced development innovation and PCs, the fundamental point has been to develop more secure structures keeping in perspective the general financial aspects of the venture. An elevated structure, loft tower, office tower, condo piece, or square of pads, is a tall building or structure utilized as a private as well as office use. In a few regions they might be alluded to as “Multi Dwelling Unit” or “Vertical urban communities.” They can possibly decongest the urban sprawl on the ground level, and increment the urban thickness, lodging higher number of families in lesser space. Benefits incorporate they go about as points of interest; make remarkable horizon and proficient area use. In spite of the fact that there is no exact definition that is all around acknowledged, different bodies have attempted to characterize what “high-rise” implies[1–4]:  The term “high-rise building” means any building having an occupied floor(s) located more than 75 feet



above the lowest level of Fire Department vehicle access. The Mumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) proposed that any building with a height of 30 m (nine floors) be categorized as a high rise. This is an increase of 6 m from the existing definition (24 m or seven floors). But from the structural point of view it can be defined as the a building that its height will be affected by lateral forces resulting from earthquakes and wind forces to extent that such forces will play a major role in the process of design. In interior structural system, the major part of the lateral load-resisting system is located within the interior of the building. Whereas in exterior structural system, the lateral loads resisting system, is located along the building perimeter.

RESEARCH INSIGHT Indian cities are witnessing immense demographic expansion due to migration from surrounding villages, leading to urban sprawl, housing demand, rise in cost

Page 32

7 1 20 mit icle b rt u S A r u Yo

Applied Mechanics

Mechanical Engineering

5 more...

Chemical Engineering

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...

Computer Science and Engineering

Electrical Engineering

5 more...

Nursing « « « « «

International Journal of

Civil Engineering

Architecture

4 more...

Structural Engineering & Analysis Jul–Dec 2016

IJSEA

Material Sciences and Engineering

5 more...

Biotechnology

Chemistry

3 more...

Nanotechnology

3 more...

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences