Year 3 QED portfolio 3.1 by Ka Hei Frederick Wong

3.1 PORTFOLIO GROUP QED KA HEI WONG, FREDERICK

DESIGN BRIEF - INTRODUCTION Architecture is not only a design of space and forms, it is also a vessel of modern technologies. Technologies not only limits the construction time and way of constuctions, it also regulates the form and circulations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A good architectural design often develops in hierachy be more resource efficient and to achieve complexcity through simplicity. This is often achieved by applying the most suitable material to each unit and eliminating unecessary wastes at different elemtns. Sometimes a cheaper design does not always mean a better design if it use a lot more resources to produce and producing a lot more non-recycleable wastes.

INTRODUCTION

Architecture is almost seen as a static object, yet it can still react to the environmental changes and to human interactions. Our ďŹ rst activitiy of the year is to participate in the LAKA competition to design a reactive piece of architecture. We designed an emergency shelter which functions under standstorms in desert.

P. 3

The Second activity is to visit the Milan EXPO 2015 in October, to look and to feel the difference of architectural styles in different corners of the world. A good design do not just consists of beautiful images, it is also innovative, functional, aesthetic and is user oriented. In the coming projects this year, I have planned to not only improve my skills in drawing and digital editing, I would also want to learn to give critical and analytical review on architectures and designs, they are essential in schematic designs.

LAKA COMPETITION P. 4 - P.9

The third project is to set up a pavillion near the airport and do a site analysis. I studied the topography and commerce aspect and produced a detailed 3D digital model on the site. A website was set up and a presentation on airport commerce was given to the students from Munster on 26 -11 -2 015. After that, we discussed and drew a program based on our researches with the students from Munster. We have decided that connectivity and lack of commercial and accessable green spaces are the main issues in the area.

MILAN AND AIRPORT ANALYSIS

P. 10 - P.24

PAVILLION DESIGN; PRECEDENTS FOR PROGRAM (P.29)

P. 25 - P.44 Cardboard Pavillion design

PROGRAM DESIGN; THINK! PRESENTATIONS

P. 45 - P.60

I believe that the material doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need to be strong to be used to build a strong structure. The strength of the structure has nothing to do with the strength of the material. Shigeru Ban

Japanese pavilion at the Expo 2000

DIAGRAM DRAWING, WEEK 1-2

Digital Design & Fabrication Symposium., WEEK 1

Sandstorm Zones

Rolling up the shelter The armadillo can roll up itself and forms an armour shield by overlapping plates covering the back, head, legs and tail when it feels indanger.

Tracking the Killer Sands The Warning system is better than ever, but a sandstorm can still wreak havoc and death

he project started by four of us, I, Agata and Archie sit together on 22nd September and discuss about what problem we are facing on this world. We seperated ourselves into 2 started on looking at different diasaster on the world decided to design against sandstorms. A sandstorm is a combination of Wind and sand, moving laterally from a higher air pressure zone to a lower one, it is severve especially in India and Arabic regions. We sort to not only provide a shelter for vistors and locals in the region, but also provide a clean energy source for transports in the deserts.

ooking largely at how certain animals react to harsh environments and potential threats, our proposal is based on the ability to strengthen and adapt when necessary. Like the armadillo, our structure will take its required protective form only when needed. The shape itself is inspired by natural sand dunes, therefore suiting the environment perfectly.

Syrian children walk through a sandstorm at a refugee camp on the outskirts of the eastern Lebanese city of Baalbek Photograph: AFP/Getty Images

Strong winds and sand storms travelling across the dessert would naturally pass over the structure due to its aerodynamic shape, making it more stable with minimal eﬀort. When not in use, the structure lies ﬂat on the ground, inconspicuous and discrete.

A heavy sandstorm has swept across parts of the Middle East in this year, killing two people and hospitalising hundreds in Lebanon, and disrupting ﬁghting and airstrikes in neighbouring Syria. Clouds of dust also engulfed Israel, Jordan and Cyprus, where aircraft were diverted to Paphos from Larnaca airport as visibility fell to 500 metres, delaying hundreds of airﬂights within the region.

We decided to look in nature at start and developed a reactive facade for urban conditions. From the armadillo, we developed a structural facade that bends under the increasing weight of rain water or from electricity generated by strong wind. The electroactiveolymer which connects the slit windows contracts, enclosing the surface and shades the interior from wind, sand and rain water. However, the urban design cannot function very well without electricity and in a desert inwhich landscapes can change overnight. So we decided to shift our resources and to take a look at the deserts itself for more inspirations.

At the same time, An unseasonal sandstorm has swept Lebanon and Syria, killing two people and sending hundreds to hospital with breathing diﬃculties, oxygen cylinders was running out and people were desperate looking for shelters.

“Architecture is more than just a vessel of static space, it also reﬂects the dynamic changes in time.”

OPEN

CLOSED

FORM REVISED, WEEK 2-3

FORM REINFORCED, WEEK 3

Powering up the deserts o

n a larger scale, our proposal is to erect multiple structures to mark out desert trails. The construction, also equipped with adapted triangular solar panels, provides the possibility for future electric cars and other electronics to be recharged during their journey through the desert. Multiple structures will enable people who are travelling to continue their journey uninterrupted. When sand storms threaten, they will be able to seek shelter in the nearest structure which will be clearly recognisable due to the prominence of the wind turbines against the sparse surroundings.

OPEN - UNDER STRONG SANDSTORM

RESIDENTIAL

he solar panels are in triangular form, held together by electroactive polymers, which contracts when under current, bending the structure upwards forming the shelter. COMMERCIAL

Inspired by the natural shape of a sand dune, we developed a form that is simple UTILITY and structurally stable in on the sands.

SEMIOPEN - UNDER MILDSANDSTORM

he technology that enables this proposal to be a reality lies in the material. Over the past few years electro-active polymers have become increasingly appropriate as a material and this trend is likely to continue. In its original state the material is ďŹ&#x201A;exible and lightweight. However when a current is applied, the material becomes much stronger and solid in form. The form it takes can be preprogrammed, allowing for ďŹ&#x201A;exibility in design. The more current applied to it the stronger it becomes. Considering the need for electricity in a remote location, the design incorporates a wind turbine. Depending on how much electricity the turbine is generating (based on wind speed which reaches up to 60 miles per hour) sensors in the structure will recognize when sand storms are likely to occur and will automatically react.

CHURCH AREA

P 6

anels are hinged by 8mm S.S. bolts.

CLOSED - NOT UNDER USED

MILAN TRIP, WEEK 4

PERSPECTIVES AND SYMMETRIES, WEEK 4

Plaza as a big grid in grids The Duomo, also known as the Milan Cathedral is a Gothic one, and it took 6 centuries to complete, also as the ﬁfth largest in the world and second in Italy.

L The Underground

ooking at the plans and perspectives, circulation and patterns can be indentiﬁed easily. The plan of the plaza is a grid, most people comes by the underground or the tram on the north west, walking through the main path to doumo next to the plaza grid to the ticket stations, get the tickets and then get in and visit. When they comes out, they also circulates around the centre grid , leaving tough a giant arch on the east.

Tickets The Doumo

We can see that the main circulating path is around the centre grid, not passing through it. It is essential to design the main circulations around the grid because people do rest and remains mostly inside the grid. They talk, they take phots and they communicate with their friends. In our design, we must think carefully on the diﬀerent activities of the people, how they behave, how they would like to use the space, and what changes would the design bring and inﬂuenced by the contex. Architecture is not just spatical quanities and qualities, it is also the experience.

“Architecture is the experiences.”

ENEL PAVILLION, WEEK 4

Transforming the power grid 40% energy is saved by utilizing the Smart Energy Grid, Italian largest powerhouse Enel held an exhibition in the Milan EXPO 2015 to show their archievements.

nel brought to Expo Milano 2015 a Smart Grid for power distribution, built with the most modern technologies available today, an Energy Management System to realize, in the Pavilions, load control, energy ďŹ&#x201A;ow optimization, integration of renewable energy plants and storages, if present, and lighting management.

The pavillionis constructed on a plan drawn on the Enel power grid. Lights are connected to the 18m poly carbonate tubes

The daily consumption of the pavillion is estimated to be 1.078 kW/h. Light in the expo was generated through Enel lampposts. They are smart because they implement LED technology, and most importantly they turn on and oďŹ&#x20AC; according to natural lights. In a total of 8,500 LED lights were designed for Enel. It is a smart solution to cut consumption and CO2 emissions. This is also the ďŹ rst time that the architects from Piuarch tried using polycarbonate light tubes.

The lights connecting to the grid structure is controlled by a centrallised control room, which reacts when people passing around and frames a musical experiences.

GERMAN PAVILLION, WEEK 4

Feeding the planet, Energy for life Interior and Exterior of the German pavillion is linked by expressive membrane covered shelters with cutting edge photovoltaic (OPV) technology, called “Solar Trees“.

erman pavillion can be visited in two diﬀernt ways.

The Vistor route. Vistors can walk over a ramp to the corridors on the top of the pavillion. It gives a view on the expo area from t height and shows the structures of the solar tree.

The guided tour. Vistors can go through exhibtion zones shows technologies related to vegetations and soil.

AIRPORT 1:1250 MAP WEEK 5-6 N

Seperating into two circulations greatly increases the pavillion capacity.

1. Vistor Tour (Fast)

2. Guided Tour (Slow)

AIRPORT ANALYSIS: COMMERCE, WEEK 7

PAVILLION METHODOLOGIES, WEEK 7

What we learned about FLEXIBILITY on SNAKE’s skeletons and habits S

nakes have much more bones than a normal human. It has 400 vertebrates and we human only has 33. The ribs of snakes are attached to the vertebrates loosely with tendon bindings, which give snakes tremendous ﬂexiblity. In architecture, we can generate structural hierachy through designing smaller and lighter structural components like snake skeletions.We can remove the unnecessary parts of the structure to save precious material and to reduce construction waste. It can also provide a cheap scheme and an elegant form.

The most signiﬁcant habit that snakes developed during thousands of years of evolution is that they will hibernate to slow down their body mechanisms to reduce energy consumption. This habit allows them to stay alive with food rations in deserts and other extreme weather conditions. In architecture, we can create reactive designs that closes itself when there is little or no people around. We can also design skylights that reﬂects when the angle of incident is greater than a critical angle we desired to reduce solar input at noon. This can reduce energy spent on cooling and to reduce glare.

“Although structural design follows established formulas, the actual performance of a building is complcated by the passing of time, the behavior of the users, the natural elements and unnatural events.”

From 2D to 3D, Flexibility & Hierachy V

erterbrates of snakes By controling the length and hold the ribs like holding a set angle between each lateral bracings, we can control the of rings. angle that the structure bends. The structural rings (ribs) are thus that we can have a design suspened by the vertebrates that is flexible to any natural on the top, which resists ver- landscapes. tical motions but not horizontal shears or torsion. In this Our resources are running less form, the snake can bend and and less and our population is slip flexibility accroding to the increasing exponentially, such that the resource per capita is landscape. reducing day by day. It is esInspired by the snake skeleton, sential for us to find a cheap, the pavillion design consists of structurally safe and flexible a set of ring structures, resist- design. Learning from the ed by lateral bracings against snakes may be an option for us, where they have surrived wind load and impact forces. longer than we exisited.

Hulme Plan

Fig. 3

Precedent 2 - HULME MARKET GARDEN., WEEK 7

Precedent 1 - NEPAL Project., WEEK 7 Fig. 2

Beuilding a market for local gardens

Aftershock; reborn On the 25th of April 2015, Nepal suffered an earthquake measuring 7.8. pare for disaster relief activities. Architect Shigeru Ban prepared a set of cheap andFig. quick 2 relief for the surviors.

A couple of Praxis students are developing Fig.a2scheme in Hulme to help the local urban farmers.

hile looking at the traditional Nepalese houses that were not collapsed, Shigeru Ban noticed the presence of carved wooden frames embedded within the brick walls (Fig.2). After studying traditional Nepalese architecture, he went to a timber market in the suburbs. Besides milling lumber, market workers were constructing window and door frames using simple tools (Fig.1). In that moment, an idea presented itself to me. Drawing inspiration from the traditional window frames and the abandoned piles of rubbled brick, a construction method came together in my mind: a wall system that can be assembled by connecting modular wooden frames (3ft x 7ft or 90cm x 210cm) and inﬁlling with rubbled bricks (Fig.3).

This simple construction method enables anyone to assemble the wooden frames very quickly and if a roof (a truss made of local paper tubes) is secured on top, and the wooden structure covered with a plastic sheet, people can immediately begin to inhabit the shelters. Afterwards, people can stack the rubbled bricks inside the wooden frames and slowly complete the construction themselves. I plan to build an experimental structure and test how much force the wooden frames can bear. The structural integrity of this temporary house lies primarily in the wooden framing, and although the walls are to be inﬁlled with rubbled bricks, the masonry itself functions as a secondary structural system. In the case of a two-story building, one can add a plywood panel inside the wooden frame for structural strength.

ulme is often known as the inner city area and electoral ward of Manchester, England, immediately south of Manchester city centre. It has a signiﬁcant industrial heritage. Historically in Lancashire. Hulme was a hugely deprived, run-down area with high crime and unemployment rates until the Hulme City Challenge was launched. This was a £37.5million government-led initiative that aimed to tackle every problem in the area, from clearing slum housing to reducing crime rates. Fifteen years later, Hulme is practically unrecognizable. The area is home to a huge variety of new housing, from townhouses and maisonettes to showpiece developments such as the Little Alex, which is designed to be as ecofriendly as possible. One particularly interesting building is Homes for Change, a housing co-operative on Old Birley Street.

Fig. 1

The group discover that people living in hulme are in a close relation with their neighbours, and they love having cheap local produced food and share with their childrens and neighbours.There is not much community event in the district, so the group organised the “Apple and pumpkins day event“. From their event I discovered that there is a need for cheap local food and a market place for them to get it and for organising communal events. To a lot of people the airport is always a cold and mechanical place. By having an urban farm and a market for agricultural products in it gives the vistors and locals a sense of freshness. It also brings animals like bees and butterﬂies in place along with the urban farms and eventually changes the whole landscape by bringing life to the zone.

PAVILLION TEST MODEL MAKING., WEEK 8

MODEL BUILDING., WEEK 8

Testing the paper limits Cardboard strips are cut and bent at 42 deg to create dome rings. Structural and spacial properties were tested.

fter the schematic ideas were layed out, test models were made to test the Idea and see how the structure is related to the contex three dimensionally. At ďŹ rst a testing model was made by white card in 1:10 to visualize the space within the pavillion, to see how people can get to the site and what activities can take place within.

Cardboard was chosen as the building material since it is ďŹ&#x201A;exible , light, cheap and we can also use recycle materials. They are to be cut and fold by a Graphtec Flatbed Cutting Machine. They can do it very cheap and quick. The only limitation is that the cutting bed size is only around 1200 x 800 mm, so the design has to be cut into small details and joint together, such that joints are also to be considered.

MODEL BUILDING., WEEK 8

High Angled sun (intensive); Total internal reﬂection occurs and sunlight is deﬂected

Deﬂecting the lights Low angled sun are allowed to penetrate the tilted skylight into the atrium

Lights are deﬂected by total interal reﬂection to reduce solar gain and the energy required for cooling, effective usage of natural light is estimated to save 40% of energy used in lighting up the space within.

Snell’s Law & Total Internal Reflection L ike with reflection, refraction also involves the angles that the incident ray and the refracted ray make with the normal to the surface at the point of refraction. Unlike reflection, refraction also depends on the media through which the light rays are travelling. This dependence is made explicit in Snell’s Law via refractive indices, numbers which are constant for given media

An interesting case of refraction can occur when light travels from a medium of larger to smaller index. The light ray can actually bend so much that it never goes beyond the boundary between the two media. This case of refraction is called total internal reﬂection. For light travelling from glass to air, the critical angle is 41.3 deg, so the skylights are tilted at larger than 41.3 deg to horizontal to minimize solar gain and glare.

Low angled sunlight (loose) High angled sunlight (intensive) Semitransparent plastic ﬁlms (recycled) Cardboard ring structures (columns)

EXPLODED ISOMETRIC., WEEK 9

1:200 CONTEX PLAN WEEK 9

PERSPECTIVES WEEK 10 View from gas station

View from carpark

PROGRAM METHODOLOGIES, WEEK 10

URBAN FARM & MARKET The green areas near the airport is unorganized and there is inefficient commercial space within the region. The new complex aims to create some lively green areas within the zone and serves as a market for local agricultural products.

ometimes regarded as a sign of developmental failure, a nuisance or simply nonsense, the truth is that urban agriculture has experienced a renaissance in recent years. Momentum has built around agglomerating social movements concerned with providing community access to fresh, locally grown foods. Urban planners are seeking innovative solutions to the social and environmental challenges imposed by an urbanizing world, and scientists are looking to urban ecosystems as providers of vital ecosystems services — such as food, heat-island control and water management — that are able to boost local well-being and reduce the ecological footprints of cities.

Manchester city has a lot of empty or unoccupied regions. If we can turn some of them into urban farms ,we can have lower priced food and agricultural products. Empty mills, warehouses and factories can be recultitvated into urban farms. They are close to people’s homes such that community wastes can be obtained easily as fertilizers rather than using chemical ones. The program can be a testing ground for urban farming and a commercial space for local agricultural products with the airport zones.

“The history of agriculture is the history of civilizations.”

PROGRAM METHODOLOGIES, WEEK 10

Linking T1 & T2 The program also serves as a skylink between T1 and T2, improving the connectivity and links the two terminals as one

I N

n the previous commerce studies, we found out that the 2 terminals and the train station are located in a triangular plan, with the train station as the centre of the services.

T1, T2 & Train station

The 3 hotels are also located next to the train station, at a triangular plan.

3 Hotels

The two main carparks are also next to the train station; one at the north and the other one at the south. The 2 gas stations are located next to the carpartks.

2 Gas stations Carparks

N Fresh Flower Acce s s o r i e s & Crafts

Bar

Acce s s o r i e s & Crafts Urban Farm

Kitchen

1:200

Resturant Pillars

SECTIONS, WEEK 11

1:200

View from T2 Entrance

SOUTH SECTION 1:200

SECTION CUT 1:200

SOUTH SECTION IN CONTEX 1:200

PERSPECTIVES, WEEK 11

View from Train Station

DESIGN AND DEVLEOPMENT. Q.E.D., SEP - DEC

Firsts idea of LAKA - Digital Symposium

ﬁg. 1

ﬁg. 2

Question; Enquire; Develop We often consider 3D printing is the real opportunity for the construction industry in the digital age, is it so?

e were given a talk by Alex Valakh, Natasha Tariq and Professor Nick Dunn from Lancaster on Digital Design and Fabrication at the start of the LAKA project. They talked about their work and understandings on how architecture would evolve and develop in the new digital age, especially the new technology of 3D printing. 3D printing is becoming a more and more popular option nowadays, we have seen people 3D printing models, craftworks, and now even houses. There is a workshop in Shanghai China that prints concrete houses for 700 pounds. 3D printing provide us a new way of thinking in terms of hierachy and detailing of structures. In the Digital Fabrictation Workshop, we developed a design that wraps itself up when it is not in used.

When there is sandstorm current is generated on the fan, thus electrifying the material on the wrap and it expands and form a shelter. When the sand storm stops, it contracts. (ﬁg. 1 - 2).

ﬁg.3

We diagram the deisgn (fig.3) and try to visual ise it (fig.4). After the workshop we further develop the concept with the sand dune into our final product (LAKA). We have also seen a lot of intersting works in the Piurach studio. We found that they made some lovely chairs with their old 3D printed project models (fig.5), some of their most exciting past work on the walls (fig. 6) and some very detailed hand made models ( fig. 7 - fig.9). They shows their spacial concepts perfectly and it proves to us that even when the technology of 3D printing exists, there is always a place for hand craftsmanship. There is always some quality in the hand.

ﬁg. 4 Visit on Piurach, Italy

ﬁg. 5

ﬁg. 6

ﬁg. 7

ﬁg. 8

ﬁg. 7

ﬁg. 9

FR ANK LLOYD WRIGHT'S SPACE MANAGEMENTS

IS SPACE MERELY THE SUM OF SPATIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN MATER THINGS?

SPACE

ECOLOGIES

From form to formless

Sustainability, a way of envisions the prosperity of culture and nature.

Duplication

Di"erentiation DOES SPACE HAVE BOUNDARIES?

According to Turchin (cited by sharov, 2000), a metasystem transition requires the following 2 steps: 1. Duplication of the original system, and CREATIVE IDEAS OF FUTURE CITIES

2. Establishment of control over multiple copies.

CARBON DIOXIDE CUBES

However, control always changes system components in order

A solid form of carbon dioxide glass, amor-

to increase the performance of the entire system.

phous carbonia produced from exhausted CO2 using as a new building material

Architecture needs to learn from living systems; to maintain its stability while still allow change and adaptation to occur.

INTERDEPENDENCE

SHIP CITY

Components are designed to allow the system to remain sta-

A dynamic, responsive and buoyant armada

ble while at the same time enables the structure to constantly

Salingaros explains that “when components are joined to-

that movrd constantly and shifts on water.

change and transform itself (reactive architecture).

gether to form a complex system, properties emerge that cannot be explained except by reference to the functioning

STR ATIFICATION RUIN CITY

whole. The connections between the parts play a major role

If we see faces, then the faces are positive space and the white

House in Ebsworth Park, Missouri (USA) by Frank Lloyd Wright

is negative space.

d If we see a vase, then the faces are negative space and the white is positive space.

in the maintenance and evolution of the system.

Troubled buildings being turned into grand

"All the I have ever ever built,built, largelarge and small, are fabricat"Allbuildings the buildings I have and small, edare upon a unit system." fabricated upon a unit system." Frank Lloyd Wright

positive and negative, as a simbol for light and dark, good and

Space is more than a simple vaccum around us, it

historic parks and recreational spaces FLUCTUATIONS

In traditional Chinese philosophy, the yin-yang made out of

In architecture, we can suggest that once a building is con-

can be in both physical or logical forms, or even

The square, rectangle, octagon, triangle, hexagon, parallelo-

evil, man and woman.

structed as a complex system, it will be perceived and con-

formless

gram, circle, spiral, and arc are keys to the consistent and sys-

Pattern in the yin-yang was organised to represent emptiness

tematic quality underlying all of Wright's work. They allow an

and fullness, and there is a balance between the two compet-

ordering of space that encompasses both composition and con-

ing forces.

ceived di"erently according to its context and to the people that interact with it. A building which will be able to change

PHYSICAL

LOGICAL

constantly in relation to natural and cultural processes that interact with it will be a building that is constantly created and re-created not by a single designer but by endless amount of

- Can be measured.

- Cannot be measured

- Describes spacial elements

- Describes spacial relations,

and individual characteristics

forces and users that come into contact with it.

- Concrete

potentials & meanings - Abstract

- Formal, Dimensional, Physical

- Code based, logical, Social

- Visible

- Invisible

- Easy to measure & talk about

- Di$cult to measure & talk

‘Ecology’ is the study of living systems and their relations to

struction. Using nature as his mentor and geometry as his tool he developed what he called organic architecture. In Western philosophy, Nobel prize in Physics winner Werner He used number, geometry, proportion, pattern, hierarchy and

Heisenberg propose an idea ovea over space interactions.

orientation in all of his work. Wright used geometry as a formative idea with the concepts of plane and solid geometry determining the built form.

"The world thus appears as a complicated tissue of events, inwhich connections of di#erent kinds alternate or overlap or combine and thereby determine the texture of the whole."

about

one another. A living system is an integrated whole whose

- Discursive & static

- Non-discursive & dynamic

This structural vocabulary that he developed consists of a 3D

properties emerge from the relations between its individual

!eld of lines through which the elements of the building are lo-

parts. Each part re!ects the whole but the whole is always

cated enabling the voids to be integral to the whole and equally

Architecture

di"erent from the mere sum of its parts.

Gregory Bateson, an expert in social science also proposed his idea on how patterns a#ects space formations.

meaningful. Architecture was, after all, the space. Wright used a range of geometric grammars in

"We have been trained to think of patterns, with the exemption

nents together form the whole through a hierarchical struc-

Living systems are structured hierarchically. They consist of

which the controlling geometric unit ordered the

of those in music, as !xed a#airs. Patterns are as a dance of

di"erent levels which interact with one another.

plan and drove the detail development.

interacting parts and only pegged down by various sorts of

ture of construction – each part of the system has its own

In architecture, a non-living system (buildings), the compo-

function and is built speci#cally to perform this function. The interaction between the components serves the whole but

Architectural design emerge out of the interaction between its

we cannot say that the whole emerges from the interactions

properties and di"erent layers. It can either be a ‘top-down’

between the parts.

hierarchical structure or a ‘bottomup’ hierarchy.

physical limits by those limits which organisms characteristiNature

Experiences

cally impose." Units he used can be equilateral triangles, or four foot squares or a series of circles.

Culture

TERRITORIES

REFERENCES

A representaion of architectural space and form within a multi- and trans-disciplinary framework

SURFACE TO NAME APPEAR ANCES The milan o"ce of Dolce & Gabbana WOOD Gives a cost, warmth feeling and domesticity

An excellent example of a performative envelope is the glass facade of the Milan o"ce of Dolce & Gabbana. The façade of the building is completely sheathed in glass, its tight rhythm

ALUMINIUM

marked out by vertical louvers in opal glass. Its rhythm

Gives a feeling of modern and light weight

marked out by a series of vertical blinds in opal glass. In daytime, pedestrians can look at the textiles inside through the glass louvers at a close distance. At night, the

CER AMICS

building appears to be closed when we observe the structure

Gives a clean, elegant and a feeling of do-

at a further angle across the main street.

mesticity A reactive open and closing visual e!ect is created by simply increasing the visual depth of the glass facade. GLASS Can show both opaquency or transparency

SENSES AND APPEAR ANCES

RELATIONS OF PART TO WHOLE IN ARCHITECTURE In designing the ENEL Pavilion for Expo 2015, the concept of “energy sharing” become an architectural theme, with the creation of a virtual volume: a place, generated by a grid onto which 650 polycarbonate vectors are grafted. The Pavillion was designed on a grid developed on a smart energy grid controlled by a centrallize system. Each point on the smart grid and linked and react in a whole system to save energy. In such case, the #eld can be seen as a material condition, not a metaphor. Field conditions are considered in organization, matter and making, going beyond the conventional

ARCHITECTUR AL BOUNDARIES

opposition of construction and form making.

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Neutural responses

Material boundary

Virtual boundary

Boundary is a zone of actim, where the laws of physics are

Architecture

Luminance

Human senses only reponds to changes.

manifest at their most fundamental and potent level. Philp Beesley, a famous architect in Canada stated that the It can be either formed by an actual material, like a mass

purpose of tangibility is not to create the space of appear-

concerete wall, or as a virtual boundary created by lights

ance, but to create the appearance itself. Architecture is no

and shadows, sound or even temperature di!erences.

longer object and the boundaries are no longer surfaces.

Nature

Experiences

Energy