PORTFOLI O KAHEIWONG PS2TERRACEHOUSE MANCHESTERSCHOOLOFART
SITE ANALYSIS Street Sections & Analysis
A
Section AA - Mercian Way
A
D
B
C
C
D
B
Section BB - Worrall Street
South of Edgeley has many dead end streets making the link to the high street poor.
Public Semi-public Semi-private and Private
Section CC - Hardcastle Road
Majority of the streets are overcrowded with vehicles parked on either side of the street.
The residential area surrounding Stockport FC stadium has been separated by a large busy road, Mercian Way. Beyond this is the high street with all the local facilities. During our site visit we analysed a few of the streets where the main concern highlighted that Mercian Way acts as a boundary where the residential area (south) lacks from accessing these facilities. On these residential streets we noticed several problems with parking facilities and bin storage making the narrow streets seem tight and constantly busy where traffic would have to wait. Furthermore, there are only a few secondary streets that connect to the main road. The remaining streets are no-through streets which seems fairly inconvenient for residents turning their vehicles, parking and being able to access Mercian Way. With almost all the residential house, the use of a front garden was a popular aspect, and this allowed residents to access the front of the house but also use the space for outdoor plants or storage.
0
10m
There is not enough parking space on the streets therefore, residents have parked their cars on yellow lines.
Section DD - Duchy Street
Insufficient bin storage leading to residents leaving their bins at the front of the house.
SITE ANALYSIS Existing Open Space Green Spaces
Disused Spaces
9 3
1
2
7
3
4
8
5
6
9
6
Located opposite our proposed redevelopment is a demolished station building, resulting in a large open space left in disrepair. This leaves the site open to vandalism being located next to the railway line itself and hidden pedestrian footpath. With our proposed buildings positioned to take advantage of the reservoir view this becomes an eyesore.
A large overgrown area on the bank of the reservoir creates an unsightly appearance and furthermore restricts existing houses from reservoir views. This disused space would detract from the beauty and views of our proposed development being located directly opposite. This area would benefit from a usable green space to attract locals.
Currently a large open space exists next Stockport’s football stadium, previously used as car parking. This site remains level for easy development and has quick and easy access to main road links.
2
1 4
10 7 5
8
In close proximity to the site, there are a few small pockets of green spaces, however, only Alexandra Park is used often. This is perhaps because of the facilities the park offers such as a play area, skate park and seating. Around the residential area there are a lot of trees, shrubs and bushes mainly used to block out noise from the train lines and the vehicles on the main road. In addition to this the reservoir is also surrounded by greenery, which makes it a pleasant space when walking past. It will be great to consider the potentials of what smaller green spaces can offer to the residential area when considering the masterplan proposal.
10
On the edge of the reservoir located opposite our proposed redevelopment is an overgrown and unkept area of land. This has left the site open to antisocial behaviour and homeless living, creating an undesirable area for locals. With our proposed buildings positioned to take advantage of the reservoir view this becomes an eyesore and would benefit greatly from development to a green space.
SITE ANALYSIS Housing Types Residential Map
Residential Styles
Residential Rail Details
Residential Door Details
1
2
3 4
3
5
6
2 1
4
Residential Building Details 5
The residential houses located in Edgeley are mainly terraced with a few semi-detached where the primary material used is red brick. What look like old Victorian terraced houses, they have various special features ranging from an arched doorway emphasised by the arrangement of the bricks to the use of coloured brick. Each of houses on the streets share something in common giving an specific identity to that particular street. When moving forward in our projects, this feature and consistency is something that we wish to consider. Whether that is through the use of materiality, certain entrance or aperture aspect.
6
SITE ANALYSIS Connectivity and Accessibility Building Uses
Infrastructure Links Residential Use Trains to: Manchester Piccadilly Liverpool Blackpool
Commercial Use Educational Facilities Religious Buildings
Edgeley Park
Sports / Recreational / Other
N
Movement around the site Buses to: Stockport
Buses to: Stockport
Castle Street (Commercial Use)
Edgeley Park
N
Side Paths linking the main streets
High Street - Castle St Buses to: Wythenshawe Altincham
Reservoir Trains to: Manchester Airport London Buxton
St Matthews Church (Religious Building)
Stockport Train Station Stockport Area Alexandra Park Bus Stops Site
Access by Walking 18 Minutes
Edgeley Park Stadium (Sports) Edgeley is one of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport’s most overlooked suburbs, despite housing a high quality football team. It also has a “Shopping Centre”, which is the Castle Street. Edgeley Shopping Centre is the heart of our community. Most of the local population attend the St Matthews Church on Sundays in the Grenville Street. The church also hosts a mixture of worship styles and holiday activities for children on Saturdays.
10 Minutes
6 Minutes 3 Minutes
Access by Car 7 Minutes
5 Minutes 3 Minutes
All local facilities such as the train station, high street, the reservoir are quite close and accessible by walking or by car. There are several bus stops located near the high street and on Mercian Way which can take residents and visitors to different areas of Stockport as well as other close towns nearby. Trains passing through Stockport train station allow people to travel to Manchester, London, Liverpool and many other cities. Overall, Edgeley has great transport links and facilities which are all in close proximity.
MASTERPLAN DEVELOPMENT Together as a whole group we have developed a new masterplan proposal for Edgeley. We have introduced many different aspects such as green infrastructure links, commercial and residential typologies as well as improving the existing green/open spaces streets and roads.
Wind and Sun Analysis
Summer Sun Path
Varying Typologies
Winter Sun Path
Prevailing wind from South-west.
Terraced housing
Green Infrastructure
Pockets of green open spaces bringing the community together.
4-6 storey high apartments.
Pavilion blocks adjacent to reservoir.
Access and Connectivity
Parks / Green areas
Green link corridor connecting Alexandra Park and New proposed park
Connecting Edgeley to wider Stockport (East and West)
Connecting residential area to high street (North and South)
Green link connecting parks
Mixed-use commercial and residential
BLOCK PRECEDENTS Nieuw Leyden by MDRDV in Leiden, Netherlands Trent Basin in Nottingham designed by Sarah Wigglesworth Architects Terrace housing proposal in Dundashill, Glasgow designed by jm architects, McGinlay Bell, Ann Nisbet Studio, MAST Architects, HAUS Architects, Stallan brand
Undercroft parking with clear design rules for the master plan.
NIEUW LEYDEN by MDRDV
Buildings should be made with one clear material and the quality of that material must be used on all 4 sides.
Client: Nieuw Leyden CV Location: Leiden, Netherlands MVRDV designed an urban plan of 670 dwellings. The urban plan gives strict parameters to ensure the relative cohesion of the urban grid whilst maintaining enough flexibility for consumer driven developments.
Variegated build line with clear build rules for the block and the corner plots.
TRENT BASIN 2nd x m
by Sarah Wigglesworth Architects
Maintaining coherence of two and three Story high building, with a set floor to floor height
1st x m
Client: Blueprint Location: Nottingham
GF x m
The scheme centres around its public realm, walkways and a new public square overlooking the River Trent, combining city life with waterside living, each home, footpath and open space.
To introduce brick element or feature into design visually connecting the street and to fit in surrounding context.
A range of roof designs shown reflects creativity and difference in the collaborative projects, the type of roof design was not limited
DUNDASHILL, GLASGOW by JM Architects, McGinlay Bell, Ann Nisbet Studio, MAST Architects, HAUS Architects, Stallan brand Client: Igloo Regeneration Location: Dundashill, Glasgow
Flexible garden space in front of building line to create a sense of ownership and privacy for the building
The proposal was for a custom build housing solution for the Dundashill area to design a terrace house for a proposed development.
Garden fence
BLOCK RULES & DEVELOPMENT Various block strategies that we have considered to allow flexibility to suit residential needs. Residential Parking Ground floor residential parking at rear of house accessed via a small private road.
m
36
80m
Household Waste - Bin Route Bin route as shown in diagram to access communal bins store located on the ground floor which can be accessed by residents through this internal passage.
8m
1. X4 Corner plot typologies
Terrace Personalisation
3. All plots should be 3 storeys high
5. Private garden located and accessed via first floor.
The block has been designed to allow some coherence with maximum amount of flexibility in order to suit client’s requirements. Personalised Frontage Extension at rear
7077.5 mm
2. X14 in-between typologies
4. Maximum and minimum building lines as shown above.
6. All plots should feature some element of brick and follow brick dimensions.
BLOCK DEVELOPMENT Further development which considers sunlight and how the orientation of the block affects our individual plots, mainly the garden spaces at rear and the pedestrianised street. Solar Analysis (Summer)
Solar Analysis (Winter)
07:00
07:00 W
Structural Strategy
W
20:22
N
N 17:12
07:00
05:09
21 June
S
S
07:00 08:12
E
E
21 December
Large amount of shading towards the rear of our plots where most of the gardens are shaded due to the heights of the roofs.
Long shadows towards North-west of the block, however, frontages remain clear of any dark spaces allowing the morning daylight to brighten the space.
12:00
12:00 W 12:00
W
20:22
N
N 17:12
12:00
05:09
21 June
S
S
08:11
E
E
20 December
Shadows created only from the plots which have been set back, otherwise, spaces are well-lit.
Both rear of our plots and frontages are within the shaded areas with very little garden space in sunlight.
Acknowledging structure is essential during the early design processes due to the substantial raised gardens requiring deep structure. This will be achieved through columns or wall separations between dwellings minimising the span to 6m whilst the house wall takes the remaining load. This structure allows for the carport/garden structure to be different to the dwelling construction, meaning a lighter more compact structure can be utilised.
16:00
16:00
16:00 W
W
20:22
N
N
16:00 17:12
05:09
20 June
S
S
E
08:11
20 December
Pedestrianised street and frontages are shaded by plots whereas garden spaces have little to no shadows.
E
Long shadows created by the sun towards the front and back of block.
The structural elements taking the garden roof load can be tailored to the individuals design. Designs can range from a simple post to a full wall to wall perforations making each section unique to the individuals construction and architectural design.
STREET PRECEDENTS Precedent landscapes
St Andrews, Bromeley - by - bow, London Holland Park Villas, Royal bourough of kensington and chealsea Building with Rock and on the Rock, Salzburg, Austria
ST ANDREWS, BROMELEY-BY-BOW, LONDON
Distinct areas of green space connected by green links.
by Townshend Landscape Architects A key aim of the landscape proposals was to create a green network of public and semi-private open spaces to help to break down the scale of the buildings within a high density environment. The intention was to create a neighbourhood feel around a series of green playable streets and communal courtyard spaces. The main public spaces are St Andrews Gardens to the West and Reeves Park in the northern part of the site.
HOLLAND PARK VILLAS, ROYAL BOROUGH OF KENSINGTON AND CHELSEA
Organic landscaped green spaces with multi height vegetation in a meadow style.
Sweeping walkways located close to other green spaces and incorporate water within the design.
by Gillespies Landscape Architects The aim was to create luxurious private and communal gardens for the residents. Driven by the proximity and natural beauty of neighbouring Holland Park, the landscape design draws in the woodland understory, creating a setting for the existing perimeter trees on site and embedding the new buildings within this very sensitive site, with the woodland and natural landscape imposing itself onto the architecture.
BUILDING WITH ROCK AND ON THE ROCK
Rectangular landscaped area with lush vegetation.
Meadow Style planting, with cobbled paving.
by Karin Standler Landscape Architecture The transition from public to private open space is drafted as miniature landscape. Boulders with different heights are used for visual protection for the private open space. The miniaturised rock landscape separates the residential buildings from the public space. Passers-by stroll along these miniature landscapes, while residents are able to enjoy their private spheres behind them.
Organic landscaped green spaces with multi height vegetation in a meadow style.
PEDESTRIAN STREET DEVELOPMENT Some Text
Street Plan
Materiality & Planting Building Line 1
Building Line 2
SuDS Strategy Building Line 3
Organic shape to replicate Reservoir Pampus Grass
Mature Trees
Journey along the street
Medow planting
Medium Shrubs
Threshold Threshold Paving Slab 100 x 100 mm
Street Paving
Organic Landscaped SuDS
Adjacent to our block is a pedestrianised street that links the residential area to Castle street and the Reservoir. We have developed a street strategy that allows the concept of a journey which residents can enjoy when walking towards the Reservoir. This has been applied using the idea of SuDS which are proposed in an organic shape to replicate the reservoir.
Street Paving Slab 210 x 210 mm
SuDS are more sustainable than traditional drainage methods because they: • • • • • • • •
Manage runoff volumes and flow rates from hard surfaces, reducing the impact of urbanisation on flooding Provide opportunities for using runoff where it falls Protect or enhance water quality (reducing pollution from runoff) Protect natural flow regimes in watercourses Are sympathetic to the environment and the needs of the local community Provide an attractive habitat for wildlife in urban watercourses Encourage natural groundwater/aquifer recharge (where appropriate) Create better places to live, work and play.
GROUND & FIRST FLOOR PLAN 1:500
Ground Floor
First Floor
SECTIONS 1:200
Section AA - Corner Plots
Section BB - In-between Plots
Public Semi-public Semi-private and Private
ARNOLD STREET
DESIGN CLIENT Tony is a 40 year old man who runs a one-man decorating business. He has a transit Van for his work and he keeps his work equipments at home.
DESIGN METHODOOGY First of all, we have to define what a decorating business is. A decorating business is more than wall painting and doing interior decoration, it is also about creating an environment for the client's lifestyle, to satisfy their needs and wishes, which is similar to that the job of an architect. In this project, Tony works mainly on educational projects and he applies and uses modern materials and technologies like the hardwood and ferrock in his designs for aesthetic and functional purposes, and he decorates schools schools and universities for private organizations and governmental agencies in the UK.
TONY'S TIMETABLE DESIGN CLIENT Tony is a 40 year old man who runs a one-man decorating business. He has a transit Van for his work and he keeps his work equipments at home.
DESIGN METHODOOGY Most of his onsite works are done during the summer holidays, between June and September. THe time period is short and limited, so he has to finish most of his design work in office before May. In the UK, daytime during summber is relatively long, starting from 5am in the morning to 9pm at night, during the time , Tony will most likely be out of his home and onsite.When he comes back from work, the sky is normally still bright (7pm). Tony can have a few outdoor activities or have a walk along the natural corridor next to his house to enjoy the beautiful landscape. He can also have a little view on people walking by on his private balcony or to have a nice gardening experience in his own garden terrace on the first floor. The Winter break of the school (Christmas) is his second most busy working period in a year. He would also most like ly to do some minor works and simple architectural fixing projects from December to January, where the students were at home and away from school. During the time, he is likely to stay onsite during the daytime, however, the UK winter day time is much shorter than its summer daytime, starting from 8am to 4pm, the outdoor weather is wet and cold, so he is likely to work less hours during the winter time. When he gets back from work, the sky is mostly dark. Tony would most likely to be staying in his Living room watching TV or in his dinning raoom enjoying a warm supper. His activities at home will most likely to be indoor. If the weather is nice and warm, he may have a good view of the sky from his balcony.
TONY'S ACTIVITIES (Daily routine) WASHING
BREAKFAST
WORKSHOP
ON SITE
DINING
RESTING
SLEEPING
BATHROOM
KITCHEN/ DINING ROOM
WORKSHOP/STORAGE
OUT OF HOME
KITCHEN/DINING ROOM
LIVING ROOM
BEDROOM
Area req: 2m x 4m Activity: Private Location: Secong Floor Duration: 6:30 - 7:00 am Time: Early Morning
Area req: 3.5 m x 9.5m Activity: Private Location: First floor Duration: 7 - 8 am Time: Early Morning
Area req: 6m x 6.5m Activity: Semi- private Location: Ground Floor Duration: 8 - 1 pm Time: Morning
Area req: NA Activity: Public Location: NA Duration: 1 - 5 pm Time: Afternoon
Area req: 3.5m x 9.5m Activity: Private Location: First Floor Duration: 6 - 7 pm Time: Evening
Area req: 4m x 7m Activity: Private Location: First Floor Duration: 7 - 10 pm Time: Evening
Area req: 3.5m x 4m Activity: Private Location: Second floor Duration: 10pm - 6:30am Time: Evening
TONY'S MOVEMENT IN A TYPICAL DAY Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Second Floor
Private
First Floor
Private
Ground Floor
Semi-Private
First Floor
Private
Outdoor
Public
Ground Floor
Semi-Private
First Floor
Private
Second Floor
Private
DESIGN PRECEDENTS
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY, "EMPITNESS"
DESIGN CONCEPTS
Kengo Kuma's "Architecture of Defeat"
DESIGN DETAILS Kengo Kuma's Living Room in Shinonome Building
An reinvented tatami floor system
A typical housing plan by Kuma, Shinonome Building Kuma applied the “emptiness” philosophy, a Buddhist concept which means “to endow with qualities of awakened mind like wisdom, bliss, compassion and to follow the traditional.” In his designs he planned the interior spaces in a “one room house” design strategy. He let an empty skeleton emerge by removing and demolishing all the unnecessary walls and elements.
Kuma's main idea is to create a type of housing that is flexible enough to accommodate small offices and the home of the users and thus include economic activities (which are often absent in many residential complexes) to improve the social relations of its inhabitants as well as adjusting to their current lifestyles.
For example, a traditional small enclosed kitchen could have its wall being remodeled or removed to become an open one. Shelves and storages could be better planned and be hung from ceilings, they also serve as a room divider or an organizer, to divide and identify space within the room with furniture, instead of having a rigid wall to save space.
An open planned Kitchen
A symbol of emptiness, the Śūnyatā
A one-room design can have the flexibility to be freely edited by the user, which can have numerous iterations of design strategies, depending on the needs and tastes of the user at a different time.
A great deal Kuma’s effort was put on redesigning the interior spaces. An example is the reinvented use of the traditional “tatami,” which is a mat or flooring material made of straw. Tatami has become less popular in the modern Japanese housing market because it has been labelled by many young people as being “outdated” and “old-fashioned”, as they were developed to be used in a traditional Japanese building system, and the design has to be in ratio and geometric. The building system and the appearance of the furniture is ancient. However, sitting or lying down on a tatami is comfortable and the user can choose and shape his own experiences with the furniture. MUJI is re-defining tatami by tapping in to linen, a material that is soft and can be easily cleaned by the aged residents with little effort. It does not only fits the modern style, but also creates a nice feeling on the user’s skin.
Kuma's Shinonome Design Plan
An elevated Storage Floor
Kuma incorporated garden terrace in his design, a gesture that evokes Le Corbusier's Unités d'habitation, which also adds an economic value. Vegetables can be grown on the garden terrace. The residents can take farming as an exercise and a hobby
Another example is the flexible overhang pegboard furniture walls and the raised plywood floor storage. They allow the residents to customize and to have a relatively large positive and flexible open spaces for living, and the open spaces are planned to be flexible and elegant. It was designed with an “emptiness” living philosophy.
SITE
PROGRAM First of all , spaces are put into groups according to functions.Then, their estimated required space are listed, then the relations were studied. Design are started from the bedrooms, where TONY will be staying for most of his time in the house. A good sleep is essential.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS & REGULATIONS (Residential)
DESIGN Minimum gross internal floor areas and storage (sq. m)
N
Bedroomsl Design Regulations 1. A dwelling with two or more bedspaces has at least one double (or twin) bedroom. 2. In order to provide one bedspace, a single bedroom has a floor area of at least 7.5 sq. m and is at least 2.15 m wide. 3. In order to provide two bedspaces, a double (or twin bedroom) has a floor area of at least 11.5 sq. m. 4. One double (or twin bedroom) is at least 2.75 m wide and every other double (or twin) bedroom is at least 2.55 m wide. 5. The minimum floor to ceiling height is 2.3 m for at least 75% of all the internal floor area. 6. Bedrooms are to be facing the green pedestrian link, in order to recieve natural sunlight, have a good view and to provide good natural ventilation. Bedrooms are on the highest and most private floor, the 2nd.
SPACIAL PROGRAM PROGRAM DESIGN 2F
1F
GF
THE GREEN LINK
3 3.5
Spacial Relationship Diagram
PARKING & STORAGE
DESIGN AS THE EXPERIENCE
WASHROOM
GARDEN
LEISURE
HEAVY EQUIPMENT
SLEEP
FOOD
LIGHT EQUIPMENT
SERVICE
4 3.5
SINGLE BEDROOM
MASTER BEDROOM
SLEEP
Second Floor Plan
BATHROOM
4
SELF WORKING SPACE
4 3.5
2
1.2 3
BALCONY
WORK
First Floor Plan
GARDEN
7
KITCHEN
4.5
5
3.5
6
Ground Floor Plan
DINING ROOM
LIVING ROOM
7
3.5
4
FOOD
LEISURE
TOILET
2 1.5
CLOAK ROOM
5 1.5
VAN PARKING
6
ENT
3.3
VAN DIRECT ACCESS
BICYCLE STORAGE
3 3.5
HEAVY EQUIPMENT WORKSHOP
6 4.5
PARKING COMPLEMENTARY
5.5
WORKSHOP VISUAL ACCESS
SUPPLEMENTARY
2
LIGHT EQUIPMENT WORKSHOP
EXIT
THE GREEN LINK
DESIGN STANDARDS & UK REGULATIONS TYPICAL
UPSIDE-DOWN DESIGN
FUNCTIONAL GROUPING
Not enough ground floor space
Adapt the "upside-down house" strategy
Raise the Bedrooms to the second floor
Not enough first floor space
Poor access of services and WC. by stairs
FINAL DESIGN Work Bathroom Bedroom
Garden
Stairs
Dining Kitchen
Living
Car Parking Bikes
Cloakroom
In a typical Terrace House design, bedrooms are put on the first floor (most private) with a window of good view. Window shall be facing the green areas for good natural ventilation and the mental well-being of the client. The more heavier activity, such as wood working and metal working shall be placed on the ground floor, since heavy equipments are hard to be moved in the apartment. Kitchen, dining and living spaces with the garden are also put on the ground floor for two reasons. First of all, it is inconvenient to have daytimeactive room upstairs. It would expand a lot of energy for people to keep walking up and down to perform daily task. When TONY is having guests, taking them to the more public space would involve them traveling trough the stairs, which can be dangerous, especially for the elderly. According to CDC, 2.5 million old people are treated for fall injuries each year. However, the typical plan does not work here as there is not enough space to put all the daytime-active spaces on ground.
In order to remedy the situation, functions on Ground floor are to be divided. into two parts, where the heavier and hard to move function (the heavy & light equipment workshop), the Van Parking, the bicycle parking are kept on the ground floor, forming the "Work" Section. They are the most public spaces, and guest are most likely to visit TONY and being taken to the spaces. The Work Section are on the ground to reduce the inconvenience of travelling up and down. Another reason is that the "Work" Section would have its own conditioning system, warm air from the ground would rise up to the first floor as natural air conditioning. The kitchen, living and dining rooms are raised and put on the first floor for the benefit. This is also called the "Upside-down house" strategy, when TONY is enjoying his time in the house (mostly for rest and meal) he can have a better view from the first floor, especially in the summer daytime. His view on the green link would not be blocked by pedestrians, and provide more privacy.
To address the problem of not having enough floor area on first floor, the bedrooms are set on the Second floor, and connected to the living room through stairs. However, there are accessibility issue for the bathroom and washroom from the bedrooms. According to the UK Lifetime Homes Criterion 14, the bathroom shall be at the same level of the main bedroom. From the HCA Housing Quality indicator, seperate direct access of the first floor garden shall be provided from the exterior, instead of from the interior of the ground floor. In order to address this, stairs are linked from the ground continuously to the second floor, for convenience of access. Balcony is set on the second floor instead of the first floor, because a standard tree in the UK is around 3 to 4.5m tall, having a first floor balcony (at 3.3 m height) would have the view blocked by the canopy of trees, so it would not provide as much visually as a second floor balcony. The bathroom and washroom are located adjacent to the southeast side wall.
WC
Heavy duty Workshop
Storage & Working Benches
The design does not only aims at creating a shelter for TONY, it also aims to create an environment that works best under his lifestyle (a person who works outside mostly during summer times and holidays), an environmenta that suits his needs (warm comfortable shelter, quiet spaces with opportunities for interactions between neighbours), and to create the experience. The experience is not planned and set by architect, it is always a judgement relative to the priorities and background of the user, not an absolute determination. The design is not just a terrace house that is created under regulations, instead it is more about creating places and organization of spaces. Materiality is also considered. Heavier material are to be used on the lower floor, where the heavy and dusty environment of workshop is located. Brick are mostly used on ground. On the higher floors, where TONY sleeps and live, lighter materials like wood and steel are more often used to create the light & warm environment.
DESIGN STRATEGIES FUNCTION DESIGN
11m
STRUCTURAL
CIRCULATION
VENTILATION
Carpark Entrance
Greenlink Entrance
PARKING & STORAGE
WASHROOM
GARDEN
LEISURE
HEAVY EQUIPMENT
SLEEP
FOOD
LIGHT EQUIPMENT
SERVICE
Architecture can be defined through context around the site and the everyday life and work experience of the client. It should assist the client in archieving a healthy life style and a good work-life balance. Accoding to the Architect Kengo Kuma in his book "the Architecture of defeat", a simple life style with little desire provide by good architecture brings the user good physical and mental health.
STRUCTURAL FLOOR
STRUCTURAL WALLS
STRUCTURAL LOAD
Structure and space are media of architecture. They are the reasons that the building stands. Structure also plays a part in organising spaces into places. A terrace house have common walls between each individual unit.It is effective to have structural brick walls at the sides supporting the upper floors. Loads are transferred from the roof to the roof beams, then to the side structural brick walls and columns, then to the concrete foundations and the ground.
CIRCULATION
STAIRCASES
Circulation is crucial in shaping the experience that the client gets.In the design, spaces are connected in a manner that the travel distance is minimized from the lower floors to the upper floors. It is done for two reasons. First, a shorter travelling distance allows the client to move from one space to another more quickly and saves up energy after a long day of work. Second, less transition space is needed allows more space to be used as functional spaces, which is more spacial efficient.
VENTILATION
WINDOWS & DOORS
Ventilation is the intentional introduction of outdoor air into the space, to control the air quality, to dilute and displace indoor pollutants and to lower the excessive indoor heat in summer. Good ventilation provides a natural passive cooling system to the house, thus lowering the energy consummed for air conditioning. In this case, cool air is drawn from the lower southwest and northeast facing windows, heat up in the house and then air is exhausted on the higher openings.
SITE LOCATION PLAN TONY'S HOUSE (INDIVIDUAL)
PROPOSED GROUP DESIGN
EXISITING VICTORIAN HOUSES
GREEN AREA
LAKE
TREES
LE AST
C
EET
STR
TH BOO
AN
CI MER
WAY
ET
TRE
LL S
RRA
WO
OLD
T
EET
STR
REE
OOD
STR
EET
STR
HY
DUC EET
NI
JEN
T
REE
ST NGS
ARN
E ST
OLIN
CAR
H
EET
STR
MAH
ET ERB
D
HAR
OAD
ER
TL CAS
DALE STREET
RESERVOIR RO
N
AD SYKES RESERVOIR
EET
STR
N
PROJECT LOCATION
Carparking space
Enlarging space by moving the wall
Enlarging space, Workshop
Enlarging Volume Height, Living Space
Transparent wall (Provide Light & View)
Vegetation (Food,Enjoyment & Privacy)
PUSH
Enlarging Volume Height, Bedrooms
Enlarging space by moving the wall
PLAN A
A
B
B
B
B
N
A
0 1m
3m 2m
4m
5m
FOUNDATION PLAN 1 : 50
N
A
G/F PLAN 1 : 50
0
A
B
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
A
B
B
B
N
A
1/F PLAN 1 : 50
N
A
2/F PLAN 1 : 50
0
ROOF PLAN
1m
2m
3m
4m
1 : 50
N
SOLAR PANELS
5m
SECTION BB 1 : 50
NORTHEAST ELEVATION 1 : 50
0
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
SOUTHWEST 1 : 50
SECTION AA 1 : 50
0
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m DETAIL A: Roof Brick wall Conncetion
DETAIL B: Wood Sunscreen cladding
DETAIL C: Brickwall floor Connection
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 1 : 10 DETAIL A: Roof Brick wall Conncetion
SOLAR PANELS 20 mm VAPOUR BARRIER 150 mm INSULATION BOARD 40 mm GYSUM BOARD CORRUGATED STEEL BOARD STEEL TRUSS BEAM 252 mm STEEL I-BEAM SHEATHING
DETAIL C: Brickwall floor Connection
150 mm STRUCTURAL BRICK WALL WOOD PLATE 12 mm TRIPLE GLAZING SAND BLINDING LAYER COMPACTED EARTH ROCK 150 mm STRUCTURAL BRICK WALL
12 mm TRIPLE GLAZING
CORRUGATED METAL TIE
WOOD PLATE
8d NAIL
40 mm GYSUM BOARD
WOOD SUNSCREEN
20 mm VAPOUR BARRIER
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE BEAM
DETAIL B: Wood Sunscreen cladding
SOUTHWEST ELEVATION
NORTH EAST ELEVATION
1: 25
1: 25
N
C N
ROOF SOLAR PANELS PIPE DUCTS
2/F SLEEPING SPACES(25sqm) MASTER BEDROOM DOUBLE BEDROOM BEDROOM BATHROOM BALCONY PRIVATE WORKSPACE (14 sqm) STORAGE SPACE
1/F SLEEPING SPACES(7.5 sqm) JAPANESE BEDROOM KITCHEN & DINING SPACE (32 sqm) LIVING ROOM (28 sqm)
N
GARDEN TERRACE (42 sqm) SERVICE ROOM
G/F HEAVY WORKSHOP (27 sqm) SERVICE ROOM LIGHT WORKSHOP (11 sqm) WASHROOM CLOAKROOM CARPARK (20 sqm) BICYCLE PARKING (11 sqm) ENTRANCE
C
GROUP ELEVATION (NE ELEVATION)
TONY'S HOUSE
NE VIEW
N
SOUTH VIEW
ENVIRONMENTAL & STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE SECTION CC 1: 25
SOLAR PANELS
Collects solar energy.
STRUCTURAL LOADS DEAD LOAD & IMPOSED LOADS WIND LOAD
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES WATER DRAINAGE & SEWAGE
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS LOW ANGLE WINTER LIGHT
SKYLIGHT WINDOWS
HIGH ANGLE WINTER LIGHT
Low intensity angled winter sunlight are recieved into the interior to light up the working and living spaces, while the high intensity overhead summer sunlight are reflected by the roof, floors, ceilings and the balcony, before they can reach the interior spaces. This reduces glare and provide natural light, thus saving energy on lighting and air conditioning. Load Diagram
BATHROOM
GLASS FACADE
BEDROOM
Total internal reflection The high intensity overhead light would have an incident angle greater than the angle of total reflection, hence most of them would be reflected by the glass facade, reducing the amount of excessive heat and glare.
KITCHEN
TOILET
BASEMENT SEWER
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
CONSTRUCTION AXONOMETRIC
SEFAIRA MODEL TESTING
ROOF ROOF STRUCTURE CORRUGATED STEEL WOOD SUNSCREEN CLADDING
STRUCTURAL BEAM TRUSS
2/F STRUCTURAL BRICK WALLS & INTERNAL WALLS GYPSUM BOARD BRICK BLOCK WALL VAPOUR CONTROL LAYER INSULATION LAYER SHEATHING BRICK WALL
CLAY TILES FLOORING CONCRETE SLAB CORRUGTED STEEL PLATE STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAM SYSTEM
TRIPLE GLAZED WINDOWS
1/F GYPSUM BOARD
STRUCTURAL BRICK WALLS & INTERNAL WALLS
BRICK BLOCK WALL VAPOUR CONTROL LAYER INSULATION LAYER SHEATHING BRICK WALL
CLAY TILES FLOORING URBANSCAPE GREEN ROOF SYSTEM CONCRETE SLAB CORRUGTED STEEL PLATE STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAM SYSTEM
G/F STRUCTURAL BRICK WALLS & INTERNAL WALLS GYPSUM BOARD BRICK BLOCK WALL VAPOUR CONTROL LAYER INSULATION LAYER SHEATHING BRICK WALL
LIGHT ANALYSIS
Full Height windows allowing light to penetrate the depth of the plan, however through development of the deisgn and environmental analysis using Sefaira. Through testing with the digital model, in order to allow deeper penetration of natural light into the interior spaces, tall windows has to be places on the sides. However, this brings the issue of overlitting sections of the floor plan at noon, if glass is put on every openning.To commbat this, some of the glazing are to be covered by wood strip sun screens cladding system. They do not only decorates the facade, but also decreases the total glazing area, hence reducing the total amount of sunlight penetrated, and thus reducing glare, overlitting and excessive heat gain problem at noon during summer.
FERROCK FLOOR CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB INSULATION LAYER VAPOUR CONTROL LAYER SAND BINDING LAYER COMPACTED EARTH
GROUND WORKS REINFORCED CONCRETE FOOTING
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE Construction work on site
1. Demolish all existing building and reallocate the existing trees. Formation level and sub-grade.
2. S u b - b a s e p e p a r a t i o n a n d reinforced Concrete foundation is casted.
3. Plumbing under floors was done.
4. Polythene sheet was laid. Slip and damp proof layer were installed.
5. S t e e l b a r w a s l a i d . Reinforcement for floor was put on the Polythere sheet and check by structural engineer.
6. Plumbing and formwork at toilet area was done.
7. Reinforced concrete floor on the ground was laid. And sample was collected to be check by the engineer.
8. Brick work on ground floor was laid.
9. Doors and window frames were installed.
10. Lintels were installed and brickwork was laid.
11. Bond beam construction was done, Structural steel beams were connected.
12. Corrugated steal plate was installed.
13. First floor slab was casted with reinforced concrete.
14. Brick work of first floor was laid.
15. Bond beam construction was done, Structural steel beams on first floor were connected.
16. Corrugated steal plate was installed on top of first floor.
17. Second floor slab was casted with reinforced concrete.
18. Brick work of second floor was laid.
19. B o n d b e a m c o n s t r u c t i o n was done, Structural steel beams on second floor were connected.
20. Corrugated steal plate was installed on top of second floor.
21. Roof structure was installed.
22. Insulation layer, vapour control layers and gypsum boards were installed.
23. W i n d o w s a n d d o o r s w e r e installed. Air conditioning and lights were installed
24. Furniture was put into the terrace house. The building was then checked and handed to the client and the buyer.
RIBA PLAN OF WORKS
PERSPECTIVES
Design and Construction Process Schedule
THE WORKSHOP ON GROUND FLOOR
THE SOUTHWEST CARPARK ENTRANCE
Design was lead by the architects, leading a team of cost consultants, Building Services Engineers, Structural Engineers and the on site clerk of works. The architect put put the design, the engineers check and make sure the design works efficiently and safe, and the clerk of works and contractors supervise the construction workers to finish the construction and insulation work. THE VIEW OF NORTHEAST ENTRANCE FROM THE GREENLINK TO ARNOLD STREET
PERSPECTIVES
THE FIRST FLOOR GARDEN TERACE
THE FIRST FLOOR KITCHEN AREA
THE FIRST FLOOR LIVING ROOM
THE SECOND FLOOR STAIRS
THE SECOND FLOOR WORKSPACE