Annual Report 2016
A medical university A
(Dnr 1-663/2016)
COVER PHOTO An interactive visualisation table is a new teaching tool at KI that allows students and their teachers to study human anatomy by rotating, tilting and making incisions into digital patients. Rather than replacing the pedagogical use of donated bodies, the tool is a valuable complement to the practice. Lecturer Hugo Zeberg and Professor BjĂśrn Meister at the Department of Neuroscience study the microscopic structure of the kidney with medical students Li Arlert and AndrĂŠ Hermansson. Photo: Erik Cronberg.
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KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Karolinska Institutet is one of the world’s leading medical universities. Its vision is to significantly contribute to the improvement of human health. Karolinska Institutet accounts for the single largest share of all academic medical research conducted in Sweden and offers the country’s broadest range of education in medicine and health sciences. The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet selects the Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
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The Vice-Chancellor’s statement
2016 – A unique year in the history of Karolinska Institutet Every day, students and staff go to their studies or work at Karolinska Institutet (KI) with the aim of making a significant contribution to the improvement of human health. Thanks to them, KI is an internationally leading medical university. We train students in fields where society faces serious challenges in recruiting qualified personnel. In close collaboration with the healthcare sector, we conduct successful research in areas where Sweden and the world face unsolved questions within medicine, health and society. Karolinska Institutet excels at attracting research grants in competition with other universities. For instance, last year KI received more than half of the grants in the field of medicine and health awarded by the Swedish Research Council. However, 2016 was also a year that exposed serious weaknesses in our organisation, weaknesses that ultimately caused harm to individuals. Therefore, 2016 saw the launching of actions that include a focus on three main aspects of our strategy document (Strategy 2018), namely KI’s internal life (culture, values and leadership), quality and organisational improvements. Additional focus areas include regulations including compliance, both internally and in our interactions with collaborators, such as the Stockholm County Council.
“Experimenten”, a documentary that made a difference Early last year, SVT broadcast a documentary series called “Experimenten”. It left no one untouched and highlighted the importance of adhering to rules and regulations and maintaining a solid ethical approach. The consequences of not doing so were clearly exposed.
Scientific misconduct: damaged credibility and endangered health KI opened several new investigations into suspected scientific misconduct during the year. Certain articles previously cleared by KI with Paolo Macchiarini as senior author have been and will be subject to renewed inquiry, and other articles will also be investigated. How we as a university handle suspected scientific misconduct in the future will be of critical importance to our credibility and to public confidence in medical research and, 4
ultimately, that healthcare is based on correct research results. In 2016 KI began a review and revision process to achieve clear and legally compliant routines in order to prevent, detect and deal with scientific misconduct.
Life Science cluster in Hagastaden takes shape The vision of a world-leading Life Science cluster by 2025 in the new Hagastaden district involving actors from the academic, healthcare and industrial sectors is well on its way to being realised. The aim is to recruit and retain students and staff in an ever-advancing world of global competition. One milestone during the year was the opening of parts of the New Karolinska University Hospital. The new hospital gives KI, together with the County Council, unique opportunities to conduct and develop education, clinical research and innovation. At KI, plans are underway for the relocation of large parts of our activities into new buildings, including Biomedicum and BioClinicum in Solna as well as the Future Laboratory and the Neo research building in Flemingsberg. This historic change involves around 60 per cent of our activities and will be fully implemented by 2019.
Developing educational activities The specialist nursing programmes that had previously been judged to have inadequate quality by the Swedish Higher Education Authority (UKÄ) were rated by the authority in 2016 as “highquality”. This means that, all of KI’s degree programmes evaluated by UKÄ are now approved. During the year the reorganisation of educational activities continued. Many departments are now responsible for one or more study programmes, a responsibility previously held by the Board of Higher Education. The responsibility of departments for the execution, quality and scientific foundation of educational programmes has thus been clarified. Ensuring highquality work-integrated learning (VIL) is a challenge at a time when the healthcare system is being reorganised. Within the framework of the new regional ALF agreement, which was implemented during the year, a partnership organisation has been established with the County Council and the combined responsibilities of the respective parties for implementation of higher education have been clarified. The Board of Higher Education has initiated a review of education in ethics in our study programmes and has, together with the County Council, also initiated a pilot study of evidencebased clinical work procedures within work-integrated learning. KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
KI opens its first overseas branch The establishment of activities overseas is a natural part of the ongoing internationalisation of education and research in a global world where we compete for talent and resources. In October, KI opened a research centre, the Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, in Hong Kong. Hong Kong is a global hub of research and innovation that provides unprecedented opportunities for collaboration and knowledge sharing. The Ming Wai Lau Centre will consist of two nodes, one in Stockholm and one in Hong Kong, and is wholly financed by a donation. The centre will conduct basic research using techniques of relevance to reparative and regenerative medicine. One of its primary goals is to develop new knowledge and tools for repairing damaged or lost tissue.
We approach this from a holistic perspective, whereby KI is seen as a single entity where everyone contributes to the whole and which embraces the mutual dependency of our core activities of research and education. By consistently working towards qualitydriven improvements, we strengthen KI’s competitive position.
Thank you! Substantial support and generosity were shown to KI during the year by way of donations and endowments from private individuals, foundations and other research financiers. For this I extend my heartfelt gratitude. Thanks also to all our staff and students for their dedication over the past year. Together, we are building the future KI!
Protecting research and integrity Between 2012 and 2016, the EU was engaged in major legislative work to, amongst other things, protect the integrity of EU citizens by imposing controls to prevent excessive registration of personal data. Many of the proposals the legislators put forward to tighten the law risked seriously limiting registry research. Experts from KI together with other members of the scientific community managed, after much hard and persistent work, to obtain a result that is compatible with both good research opportunities and a strong protection of personal integrity. However, the corresponding downstream amendments to Swedish law have yet to be made. Here too, KI plays a key role by providing experience and competence. Sweden has arguably the world’s best research registries and many scientific breakthroughs have research registries as a key component. KI and Sweden play a leading role internationally in this important research.
Karin Dahlman-Wright Acting Vice-Chancellor
The Coherent Quality System project was concluded during the year. Based upon Strategy 2018, the aim was to implement a quality assurance system that will contribute to the continued quality evaluation, assurance and development of KI’s activities in accordance with clear, goal-related and measurable criteria. The idea of a coherent quality assurance system is also outlined in the government research bill, which states that “a more uniform system for quality assurance encompassing a university’s entire repertoire of activities is deemed able to effect closer ties between research and education”.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Photo: Erik Cronberg.
KI is one unified university where everyone contributes to quality
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A word from the students
The Medical Students’ Association and the Student Union of This proposal was opposed by the unions as we felt there was a Odontology continued to work in 2016 in keeping with their roles risk that places would be unfairly earmarked and allocated to as student unions at Karolinska Institutet. It has been a turbulent a particular group of students. Despite our reservations the year at KI and we are proud of our student representatives’ efforts proposal was approved in 2016 and we are keeping a close eye to monitoring education, which this year has faced more chalon developments. lenges than anyone would have imagined. The unions’ particiIn addition to monitoring education, the unions are also pation in KI’s preparatory and decision-making bodies entailed responsible for student life at Karolinska Institutet and the considerably more work social activities it includes. given the unusual volume We continued to develop the of specific issues requiring welcoming activities at KI, monitoring, such as central to cooperate on the different university recruitments and events, and to actively particiWe subsequently teamed up with the other the new organisation for pate in reviewing the welcome student unions on Campus Flemingsberg educational responsibility. programme. to improve the social environment to facilitate A new internationalisation In collaboration with the committee was set up during other universities and student inter-university interaction. Our joint efforts the year, and in the wake of unions in Flemingsberg, we to lift Campus Flemingsberg continue.” the Macchiarini case, the unichose a new collective name ons welcome the establishment for our southern campus: of KI’s new ethics council. Campus Flemingsberg. The two student unions We subsequently teamed were also involved in the development of KI’s physical learning up with the other student unions on Campus Flemingsberg to environments. In 2016 this mainly concerned the Flemingsberg improve the social environment there to facilitate inter-univercampus, where the new learning environment “The City” was sity interaction. Our joint efforts to lift Campus Flemingsberg officially opened in January, and where the renovation of Alfred continue. Nobels allé 8 and its conversion into the Future Laboratory The turmoil of 2016 not only presented some challenges for commenced in June. The work on the premises at Alfred Nobels the unions, but also created space for development and creative allé 23 also progressed and the physical learning environments at thinking that can propel Karolinska Institutet and its students KI are better than ever. All this occasioned the appointment of a forward into the future. coordination group for the physical learning environments under the Board of Higher Education on which both unions are represented to ensure student input into continuing developments. On behalf of the Medical Students’ Association and the The 2016 Work Environment Day focused on the students’ work Student Union of Odontology environment, much to the unions’ approval, and both unions took part in panel discussions during the day. It was an important Frida Hellström, Helena Arvidsson, event, as fresh studies suggest a rise in mental health issues – Chair, Medical Students’ Chair, Student Union many of them stress-related – amongst the students, and we hope Association 2016 of Odontology 2016 it can serve as a springboard in the efforts to improve both the psychological and physical study environment. The reorganisation of the Department of Dental Medicine and the University Dental Clinic, which the Student union of Odontology helped to prepare, was approved during the year, and we will continue to be involved in the implementation of the decision. Tuition fees were introduced in 2011 for students from countries outside the EU/EES. In 2015 a proposal was put forward for separate admission procedures for these students, who would henceforth be selected from within their own group.
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KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Content Highlights at Karolinska Institutet 2016...................................................................................................................... 8 Key indicators......................................................................................................................................................................10 Karolinska Institutet in brief..........................................................................................................................................11 Organisation.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................11 Mission and governance................................................................................................................................................................................................12 Internal control..................................................................................................................................................................................................................12
Education at bachelor’s and master’s level..............................................................................................................14 Range of courses and study programmes...............................................................................................................................................................15 The students.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................15 Education............................................................................................................................................................................................................................16 Internationalisation..........................................................................................................................................................................................................18 Quality..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20 Equal opportunities.........................................................................................................................................................................................................21 Integration initiatives.......................................................................................................................................................................................................21
Doctoral eucation..............................................................................................................................................................22 Doctoral education..........................................................................................................................................................................................................23 Quality..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................24 Equal opportunities.........................................................................................................................................................................................................25 Internationalisation..........................................................................................................................................................................................................25
Research.................................................................................................................................................................................26 A selection of the latest research findings...............................................................................................................................................................27 Quality..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................30 Research financing...........................................................................................................................................................................................................33 Scientific infrastructure...................................................................................................................................................................................................33 Internationalisation..........................................................................................................................................................................................................34
Collaboration.......................................................................................................................................................................36 Collaboration with the Stockholm County Council.............................................................................................................................................37 Collaboration and communication with the general public............................................................................................................................40 Innovation support and commercial outreach......................................................................................................................................................40 Internationalisation..........................................................................................................................................................................................................41 Indicators.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................43
A university environment in development.............................................................................................................44 A university environment in development..............................................................................................................................................................45 An attractive workplace in which to develop.........................................................................................................................................................45 Human resources report................................................................................................................................................................................................46 Recruitment........................................................................................................................................................................................................................46 Leadership and employeeship.....................................................................................................................................................................................48 Work environment and health....................................................................................................................................................................................48 Equal opportunities.........................................................................................................................................................................................................48 Extra-occupational activities.........................................................................................................................................................................................49 Infrastructure – premises................................................................................................................................................................................................50 Sustainable development..............................................................................................................................................................................................51
Financial report...................................................................................................................................................................52 Sources of funding...........................................................................................................................................................................................................53 Education at bachelor’s and master’s level..............................................................................................................................................................54 Research and education at doctoral level................................................................................................................................................................55 Asset management...........................................................................................................................................................................................................56 Funds.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................56 KI’s foundation management.......................................................................................................................................................................................57 Statement of financial performance..........................................................................................................................................................................58 Balance sheet.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................59 Appendix.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................61 The University Board.......................................................................................................................................................................................................68
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
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JANUARY
Approved. The Swedish Higher Education Authority (UKÄ) follows up the country’s specialist nursing programmes that had previously been given an “inadequate quality” rating. All are now approved, including nine of those offered at KI. Once the university had submitted a raft of measures for the programmes, they are no longer in question and thus may retain their degree-awarding powers. This means that all UKÄ-evaluated degrees at KI are now approved.
Saving lives. Tore Curstedt, docent at Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, was one of three names put forward for a Lifetime Achievement Award by the European Patent Office (EPO) in the highest category of the 2016 European Inventor Award. Curstedt and colleague Bengt Robertson (1935-2008) developed a lung medicine called Curosurf that has helped millions of preterm babies to activate their lungs. In the end, the Lifetime Achievement Award goes to Anton van Zanten from the Netherlands, but the nomination sheds light on the important Swedish discovery that has saved the lives of so many preterm babies around the world.
MARCH
MAY
Photo: Erik Cronberg.
Investigation. The three-part documentary series called “Experimenten”, shown on SVT, looks at surgeon Paolo Macchiarini and Karolinska Institutet’s involvement in his work. Serious allegations are made of wrongful recruitment, scientific misconduct and failing implants that should never have been used, and unleashes a storm of criticism against the university. The then Vice-Chancellor Anders Hamsten resigns and is replaced by Pro-ViceChancellor Karin Dahlman-Wright until such time as a permanent vicechancellor is appointed.
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APRIL Photos: Cathy Harwood, Bachrach Photography and Dr Jim Huggett.
FEBRUARY
JUNE
Honorary doctors. The Board of Research appoints three new honorary doctors of medicine at Karolinska Institutet: Sir Richard Peto, professor of medical statistics and epidemiology at the University of Oxford (UK); Robert S Langer, professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston (USA); and Alimuddin Zumla, professor of infectious diseases and international health at University College London (UK). They are appointed for their important scientific contributions and all three have collaborations in place with Karolinska Institutet.
Photo: Gustav Mårtensosn.
Photo: Erik Cronberg.
Photo: iStock.
Student environments. The new learning environment “The City” officially opens on the Flemingsberg campus. The architecture has been inspired by the backstreets of Melbourne and planned in consultation with the students. The 1,000-plus sq.m. space contains group rooms designed as billiard halls, sports shops and local pubs. There are also computer rooms with large screens on the walls and flexible lecture halls.
Photo: Heinz Troll/European Patent Office (EPO).
Highlights at Karolinska Institutet 2016
Olympic Games. The former elite athletes and now immunology researchers at Karolinska Institutet, Berit Carow and Benedict Chambers, assist contestants ahead of the Rio Olympics. Their own instruction films combined with online expert advice help the athletes to avoid infections. “We’re doing this very much for the smaller teams that aren’t able to take along their own doctors,” says Berit Carow. “Providing simple, accessible information is in the true spirit of the Olympic philosophy of competition on equal terms.”
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Action plan. The Karolinska Institutet board (Konsistoriet) asks the vice-chancellor to produce an action plan to address the serious failings identified by the Heckscher report. The action plan is presented at the board’s meeting in October.
JULY
SEPTEMBER
Photo: Ulf Sirborn.
Almedalen. Researchers and students from Karolinska Institutet take part in seminars and debates held during the political week on Gotland. Among the speakers are Acting ViceChancellor Karin Dahlman-Wright and Professor Anna Wedell (pictured), who talk about the important contributions that Nya Karolinska Solna (the new Karolinska University Hospital in Solna) will make to Life Science, faster growth and tomorrow’s advanced healthcare. Research team leader Erik Hedman speaks about early methods of dealing with mental illness.
Doctoral conferment. Karolinska Institutet’s new doctors graduated in May and November at conferment ceremonies held to celebrate their attainment of the highest academic degree possible. At the November ceremony, held in snow-covered Stockholm, the graduates receive their doctors hats and diplomas from the dean of doctoral education, Marianne Schultzberg. The ceremony also pays tribute to eleven jubilee doctors who earned their PhDs 50 years ago. They are thanked for their contributions to health and medical knowledge and for the legacy they leave to coming generations.
NOVEMBER
Radio host. Hannah Akuffo, professor of parasitology at Karolinska Institutet, presents her own personal programme on Swedish Radio’s “Summer” show in August. She talks about her research on parasitic diseases, especially leishmaniasis. She also speaks about her work with Sida helping universities in low-income countries to develop good research facilities.
Photo: Erik Cronberg.
Photo: Fredrik Persson.
International. Karolinska Institutet opens its first ever overseas branch – the Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine in Hong Kong. The centre will greatly reinforce KI’s research in the field of reparative medicine and is expected to open the way for collaborations in Hong Kong and other parts of Asia. The research centre, which has one node in Hong Kong and one in Stockholm, is made possible thanks to a donation from Ming Wai Lau of SEK 400 million.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Nobel Prize. The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet votes to give the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Japanese researcher Yoshinori Ohsumi for having discovered and explained the mechanisms controlling autophagy, a fundamental process for degrading and recycling cellular components. Ohsumi comes to Stockholm to attend the ceremony and holds his lecture in a packed auditorium at Karolinska Institutet.
DECEMBER
Collaboration. The day after the presentation of a research bill with a strong collaborative emphasis, Karolinska Institutet and the Stockholm County Council launch their collaboration under the regional ALF agreement. ALF is an agreement on a joint commitment to basic medical education, clinical placements for other health professionals, clinical research and healthcare development. Programme 4D is mentioned as a good example of successful collaboration. For more details of the 4D programme, see the Collaboration section.
Photo: iStock.
OCTOBER
Photo: HKSP.
AUGUST
Photo: Stefan Zimmerman.
Photos: Cecilia Odlind.
Report. Karolinska Institutet comes under severe criticism in the external inquiry into the Macchiarini case, which is released in early September, and is accused of nonchalance towards rules and formal procedures. “Already at the time of visiting professor Paolo Macchiarini’s recruitment there were signals that Karolinska Institutet ought to have heeded,” says principal investigator Sten Heckscher at the press conference when presenting the close-to 200-page report.
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OM KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
Key indicators 2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
5,973 72% 159 5,558 171 110 55% 363 58% 2,267 58% 932 59% 0 0% 3.22 4.32 331 7 n/a n/a
6,062 72% 155 5,534 170 107 50% 398 60% 2,280 59% 770 58% 122 61% 3.10 4.44 359 8 5,696 942
5,978 72% 160 5,613 170 74 56% 407 59% 2,311 58% 650 59% 281 57% 2.53 4.37 340 9 5,198 971
6,014 73% 147 5,589 158 51 64% 374 55% 2,312 60% 595 64% 375 62% 2.40 4.24 306 12 5,049 960
5,885 73% 154 5,307 170 34 57% 438 57% 2,310 61% 572 65% 380 63% 3.03 4.23 359 14 4,574 993
4,820 61% 5,334 863 49% 795 47% 368 30%
4,694 61% 5,193 853 48% 776 45% 372 29%
4,473 62% 4,924 844 47% 739 43% 367 28%
4,283 63% 4,736 827 46% 717 42% 373 28%
4,192 64% 4,716 846 46% 714 41% 367 27%
6,667 1,059 86% 14% 5,607 35% 65% 6,578 53% 11% 3,008 6,249 3,107 78 1,514
6,475 1,050 86% 14% 5,424 35% 65% 6,394 53% 12% 2,996 6,186 3,062 76 1,435
6,156 1,007 86% 14% 5,149 37% 63% 6,078 52% 13% 3,064 5,577 2,621 63 1,359
5,796 991 88% 12% 4,805 37% 63% 5,797 52% 13% 3,046 5,165 2,445 8 1,296
5,646 954 87% 13% 4,692 37% 63% 5,506 52% 12% 2,771 5,017 2,313 108 1,289
Education and research FTE, full time equivalent, students 1 – women Cost per FTE student (SEK thousand) APE, annual performance equivalents 1 Cost per APE (SEK thousand) Number of fee-paying students – women New doctoral student admissions – women Doctoral students, total >_ 1 % activity – women Doctoral students with employment (FTEs) – women Doctoral students with doctoral grants (FTEs) – women Average study time, licentiate students (net) Average study time, doctoral students (net) Doctoral degrees awarded Licentiate degrees awarded Peer-reviewed scientific publications 2 Cost per peer-reviewed scientific publication (SEK thousand) 2
Staff FTE, full time equivalent, employees – women Average annual number of employees 3 Teaching staff (FTEs) – women Teaching staff with doctoral degrees (FTEs) – women Professors (FTEs) – women
Finance Revenue, total (SEK million), of which Bachelor’s and Master’s education (SEK million) – direct government funding (%) – external revenue (%) Doctoral education and research (SEK million) – direct government funding (%) – external revenue (%) Costs, total (SEK million) – staff – premises Premises costs per m2 (SEK) Balance sheet total (SEK million), of which – unexpended grants – change in capital for the year – agency capital (incl. change in cap. for the year) 1
Excluding contract education and contracted courses.
2
Figure not given for 2016 owing to delay in registration, which would otherwise distort the statistics. The figures for 2012-2015 have also been adjusted due to aforementioned delay in registration.
3
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Average number of employees in April and October.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Sources: The HR administration system Primula, the student database Ladok, the financial system Unit4 Business World.
ABOUT KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
Karolinska Institutet in brief Karolinska Institutet’s (KI’s) vision is to significantly contribute to the improvement of human health. KI is a medical university and government authority with a mission to provide education based on a strong scientific foundation and proven experience and to conduct research and development. We also collaborate with society, inform the public about our work and ensure that our research are put into practice. KI accounts for the single largest share of all academic medical research results conducted in Sweden and has the largest range of medical courses and study programmes in the country.
Organisation Responsibility for KI’s overall activities ultimately rests with the University Board (Konsistoriet), supported by an internal audit office that examines, proposes improvements to and provides advice and support on the university’s internal control systems and procedures. In January 2017, the board established an audit committee for preparing matters relating to internal and external audits, finance and financial control, risk assessment, internal control and financial reporting. Immediately subordinate to the board is the vice-chancellor and director general of the government authority, who has operational responsibility for the university. In addition to the vice-chancellor, the executive management comprises the pro-vice-chancellor and university director. The management is further reinforced by three especially appointed and tasked deputy vice-chancellors. Under the vice-chancellor are three internal boards, each of which is led by a dean, with responsibility for our three operational areas: education at bachelor’s and master’s (1st and 2nd cycle) level, education at doctoral (3rd cycle) level, and research. The university director, who is also answerable to the vice-chancellor, has overall responsibility for KI’s administrative activities. Research and education are mainly carried out by the 22 departments, each of which is led by a head of department, on our two campuses – Solna and Flemingsberg – and at some of the county’s hospitals. One such hospital is Karolinska University Hospital, which is located adjacent to the Solna campus and which plays a vital part in our clinical research and education. KI also collaborates with other hospitals and clinics in the vicinity, and has departments at Danderyd and Stockholm South General (Söder) hospitals. In addition to the departments are the Unit for Toxicological Sciences in Södertälje, Comparative Medicine, the University Library and the University Administration. KI also has an overseas research branch, the Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, which opened in Hong Kong in 2016. The allocation of responsibilities and authorisations at the university is regulated primarily in the organisational plan and the decision-making, administrative and delegation procedures decided by the University Board, the vice-chancellor, the internal boards and heads of department on the basis of their respective mandates.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Internal audit
UNIVERSITY BOARD
DEPUTY VICE-CHANCELLOR’S
VICE-CHANCELLOR
Central Administration Board of HIGHER EDUCATION University Library Board of DOCTORAL EDUCATION Comparative Medicine Board of RESEARCH KI Holding AB
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Department of Clinical Neuroscience Department of Clinical Science and Education, Stockholm South General Hospital Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital Department of Dental Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department of Medicine, Huddinge Department of Medicine, Solna Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Department of Neuroscience Department of Oncology-Pathology Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Department of Public Health Sciences Department of Women's and Children's Health Institute of Environmental Medicine Swetox, Unit for Toxicological Sciences, Södertälje
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ABOUT KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
Mission and governance
VISION Karolinska Institutet significantly contributes to the improvement of human health.
MISSION Karolinska Institutet’s mission is to conduct research and education and to collaborate with society.
The Higher Education Act (1992:1434) provides that KI’s mission is to provide education based on science and tested experience and to conduct research and development. We are also required to interact with the community, inform society about our activities and ensure that the results of our research are put to effective use. KI is overseen by the government on the basis of this legislative framework through the Higher Education Ordinance (1993:100) and its annual appropriation documents. Strategy 2018 sets out KI’s vision, goals and four strategic focus areas – Employees, Infrastructure, Collaboration and Funding – for the governance and development of its overall operations. Strategy 2018 also informs the three-year organisational plans for KI’s internal boards, departments and other such units for the 2016–2018 period. The operational plans are broken down into activity plans that are reviewed annually, while the three-year operational plans will be followed up at the end of the period. Every year, the University Board decides on planning assumptions and budgets. The vice-chancellor then sets the budgets for the internal boards, which distribute the resources downstream. Every year, a risk analysis is conducted, resulting in a decision by the University Board on the general risks to be prioritised. The analysis and management of priority risks at internal board and departmental levels are integrated into the three-year plans and the annual review.
Coherent quality system
Strategy 2018 4 focus areas:
In order to improve conditions for operational control, monitoring and development, an integrated quality system was developed during the year to guarantee quality throughout the organisation. It is designed to contribute to continual quality assurance, quality assessment and quality development, and is based on clearly defined goal-related and quantifiable criteria drawn from the ambitions of Strategy 2018 and the external demands imposed on KI. The system includes quality indicators, process-orientated work methods, stakeholder quality-evaluations, quality assurance, operational performance systems, peer reviews and learning. Implementation of the integrated quality system will commence in 2017.
Internal control EMPLOYEES INFRASTRUCTURE
COLLABORATION FUNDING
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The university (KI) is required to conduct systematic internal control to ensure, with a reasonable degree of confidence, that it is performing its duties and operating effectively and in compliance with laws and regulations, that its reporting is reliable and fair, and that it utilises its resources carefully. An important part of this entails identifying, evaluating and managing circumstances and events that compromise KI’s ability to perform its mission, achieve its goals and live up to the general demands imposed on its operations. It is therefore incumbent upon the university to operate a systematic and structured risk management process that encompasses risk analysis, control, monitoring and documentation. These obligatory requirements and expectations for internal control in general and risk management in particular are provided in the Higher Education Ordinance, the Internal Audit Ordinance (2006:1228), the Internal Control Ordinance (2007:603), paragraph 3 of the Government Agencies Ordinance KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
ABOUT KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
(2007:515) and the Annual Reports and Budget Documentation Ordinance (2000:605). While all members of staff are expressly required to contribute to effective internal control, it is the University Board that has the overall responsibility and that establishes the rules and instructions in force at KI. Every year, the board takes decisions on the university’s overarching risk analysis and the general-level risk to be dealt with on the basis of the proposals and source data provided by the vice-chancellor, and states its opinion on the adequacy of internal control in the university’s annual report. The vice-chancellor has issued instructions for how the rules and regulations of the University Board are to be followed. Risk-owners are appointed for the prioritised areas, and control measures are set out in action plans that are subject to biannual review. Managers and internal boards are required to ensure that good internal control is maintained, to carry out and establish risk analyses and to take the necessary control measures within their respective spheres of influence. More detailed risk analyses are to be conducted every three years, and was most recently conducted in late 2015. Reviews and revisions are made on the basis of the risk documentation produced during the intervening years. The most important risks and control measures are described in the operational plans for 2016–2018 and in the activity plans for each year. A compilation report on the outcome of control measures taken for the three-year period is to be given in the operational report to be submitted for 2016–2018.
The Macchiarini case In January 2016, SVT broadcast a documentary series called Experimenten, which followed researcher Paolo Macchiarini and showed how patients suffered and died following experimental synthetic trachea transplants. The documentaries raised many issues relating to healthcare and research ethics and the ensuing outcry led to a crisis of confidence for KI, where Macchiarini had been on a temporary research contract at the time. In February 2016, the University Board launched an external inquiry into how KI handled the case from Macchiarini’s hiring in 2010 to the present. The external investigator presented his report and recommendations in September. The report censures KI on several counts, including that Macchiarini’s recruitment and the decision to extend his contract in 2013 were expedited in an irregular and inappropriate way. At the same time as the external inquiry, the internal audit office carried out an examination of the department where Macchiarini was working. This audit pointed up a lack of compliance regarding the legal and regulatory provisions governing extra-occupational activities, delegation procedures and risk analysis. An action plan to rectify these problems was then drawn up on the basis of these reports and recommendations. Appropriate measures started to be taken in 2016, and the internal audit office was expanded, doubling its staff from two to four full-time auditors. The rules for extra-occupational activities have been tightened and new instructions have been issued for managing them. A review of internal and external communication has begun as well as an inventory and analysis of the need to revise KI’s internal regulatory documents. Work has also begun on revising and updating the procedures for preventing, detecting and handling scientific misconduct in order to make them clearer KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
and more legally compliant. A new ethics council will be appointed in 2017 to address and work strategically with important subjects that require thorough ethical review; it will not, however, prepare or work with operative issues, nor will it investigate cases of alleged scientific misconduct.
Priority risk management, 2016 Ahead of 2016, the University Board decided on twelve priority risks for managing at an overarching university level, five connected to infrastructure, three to partnerships, two to the financing of core activities and two to issues of leadership and competence supply. As a means of risk mitigation, the appointed risk-owners took measures during the year to address all priority risks in accordance with established action plans. Most of the risks require many years of action before they can be considered sufficiently managed. At the end of 2016, the risk level was unchanged for eight of the risks, higher for two of the risks and lower for another two. All in all, one of the priority risks prioritised in 2016 was considered sufficiently managed by the end of the year, while the remainder still need to be managed in 2017.
Risk analysis for 2017 In October 2016, the University Board established KI’s risk analysis for 2017, deciding on twelve priority risks to manage at a overarching university level. Six of these risks were also prioritised in 2016, two of which have been redefined in that they are now judged to be extensive than they were in the pre-2016 analysis. Four of the risks are new as a consequence of events, circumstances and shortcomings identified during the year. Two risks were included in the pre-2016 risk analysis but were judged not serious enough to prioritise. Three of the new risks – lack of compliance, scientific misconduct and undesirable partnerships – primarily result, from the flaws exposed by the Macchiarini case.
Concluding assessment KI has put in place a regulatory system for the allocation of responsibilities and authorisations throughout the organisation, effective processes for operational planning and resource distribution, and a systematic and structured risk management process. The mandatory requirements of the Internal Control Ordinance (2007:603) – risk analysis, control measures, monitoring and documentation – were carried out, and a number of measures were taken and begun in order to address the shortcomings and risks identified in KI’s internal control procedures. After the events of the Macchiarini case and the investigation it occasioned, KI has been made aware of certain internal weaknesses regarding, for example, the application and follow-up of rules and regulations. It is acknowledged that it was largely through the external inquiry and internal audit and not KI’s risk management process that the problems were identified, although it can also be noted that three of the risks that have been prioritised for 2017 – lack of compliance, scientific misconduct and undesirable partnerships – have by and large been identified as a consequence of the Macchiarini case. The concluding assessment is therefore that there are shortcomings as regards identifying and evaluating risk within the framework of KI’s risk management procedures; a review of these procedures will be carried out in 2017.
13
Students Hannah Kenjah, Fatema Benali, Helena Andersson and Eveline Shevin practise using the “design thinking” model to find an innovative solution that can help people live better by choosing healthy snacks over sweets and chocolate. KI’s first innovation day for students was part of an initiative taking place at universities around Europe under the EU’s EIT Health project, which is designed to promote innovative thinking amongst students and encourage them to seek creative solutions of benefit to the advancement of healthcare. 14
Photo: Gunnar Ask.
Education at bachelor’s and master’s level
EDUCATION AT BACHELOR’S AND MASTER’S LEVEL
Photo: Stefan Zimmerman.
During the year, the Board of Higher Education continued to secure the quality and research basis of the study programmes. To this end, the departments were given more explicit responsibility for their educational mission and funds were set aside to strengthen the research base and create incentives for teachers to take on leadership roles. Under the new regional ALF agreement, a collaboration organisation has been constructed on several levels, which is important for securing the availability of high-quality clinical placements.” Annika Östman Wernerson, Dean of Higher Education
13
BEGINNERS’ PROGRAMMES
27
CONTINUATION PROGRAMMES
Range of courses and study programmes Karolinska Institutet (KI) has a wide range of study programmes in medicine and healthcare at bachelor’s and master’s level. In 2016, KI offered 13 beginners’ programmes, 27 continuation programmes and 65 freestanding courses. Many of KI’s programmes lead to a professional qualification in healthcare. The beginners’ programmes form the basis of the programmes available and account for over three quarters of FTE students. KI offers programmes in effectively every healthcare profession, a breadth of offering that is one of KI’s strengths and that enables the university to supply society with the medical competence it needs. Continuing professional development is an important part of KI’s academic prospectus, and comprises freestanding courses, continuation programmes leading to second-cycle professional qualifications as well as master’s programmes for international and national target groups.
65
FREESTANDING COURSES
The students Applicants The acceptance ratio remains high. For beginners’ programmes, the number varies between 1.3 and 7.8 qualified first-choice applicants per admitted student. However, most beginners’ programmes had fewer applicants than in 2015, which matches the general demographic decrease in the number of 19-year olds. However, the study programme in medicine and the study programme in optometry saw a rise in the number of applicants. The bachelor’s programme in biomedicine was advertised for the first time to an international target group, prompting an increase of approximately 75 per cent in applications. The number of applicants to KI’s six global master’s programmes1 increased sharply in 2016 from just short of 600 to over 800 qualified first-choice applicants. However, the specialist nursing programmes saw a drop in the number of applicants per admitted student.
Widening participation Universities and university colleges are required to actively promote and widen recruitment into academia. Widening participation
1 While
KI offers a total of eight international/global master’s programmes, admissions for two of them are administrated by other universities. Global master’s programmes are aimed at an international target group.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
15
Photo: Teresa Sörö.
EDUCATION AT BACHELOR’S AND MASTER’S LEVEL
Students in a KI learning environment on the Flemingsberg campus.
is also about helping students to manage their studies. To this end, KI extended the activities of its language-workshop concept during the year, which has entailed more supervisory sessions and writing seminars for KI students. KI also endeavours to widen participation through the national Include network, where KI is a board member. Include contributed to inter-university knowledge exchange during the year through network events and conferences.
Student influence KI believes that effective student influence is a prerequisite to academic quality. Representatives of the two student unions at KI (the Medical Students’ Association in Stockholm and the Student Union of Odontology) have seats on all of KI’s preparatory and decision-making bodies with immediate responsibility for educational issues. To emphasise the importance of student influence, KI has decided that at least one student representative is to be present, providing one has been appointed, for these bodies to be considered quorate. To support the student representatives in their duties, KI arranges courses every year for students who sit on preparatory and decision-making bodies. The courses focus on legal and regulatory provisions, organisation and decision-making structures, and are held in Swedish and English.
Education Full-time equivalent students (FTEs) and annual performance equivalents (APEs) In 2016, the number of FTEs was 5,973 and the number of APEs was 5,558 within the framework of the funding cap. This is a small
16
increase in the number of FTEs, but a decrease in the number of APEs on 2015. Each programme’s share of the total number of FTEs is illustrated in the chart to the right. The number of FTEs and APEs in the various programmes is shown in Table 3 of the appendix.
Degrees The total number of degrees awarded at KI was lower than in 2015, which is possibly due to a change in the degree-awarding procedures applied at KI.
Commissions KI’s commissions include contract education, contracted courses from other higher education institutions and similar undertakings. Revenues from commissions amounted to SEK 89 million in 2016, an increase of 9.6 per cent from 2015. See the chart to the right for information on revenues from different sources of funding. Contract education KI offers a wide range of courses in the field of medicine and healthcare in order to promote lifelong learning for professionals. Contract education comprises almost 160 different educational activities for a wide variety of professional categories. In 2016, specialist courses for nurses and dentists and courses in psychotherapy constituted much of the turnover. KI also offered master’s courses in dementia care for medical doctors, physiotherapists and occupational therapists. It is worth noting that the number of courses for personnel working with children and young people continued to increase, as did the number of international projects. The table to the right shows the number of FTE students and APE students in contract education.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
EDUCATION AT BACHELOR’S AND MASTER’S LEVEL
Revenue from commissions distributed by soure of funding 2016, 89 SEK million
FTE students 2016 (5,973)
6% 7%
14 %
27 %
3%
41 %
9%
8% 3%
4%
6%
11 % 13 %
4% 7%
23%
5%
9% County councils and municipalities 41 %
Medicine 27 % Physiotherapy 6 %
Higher education institutions 9 %
Nursing 13 %
Other government agencies 23 % Organisations and foundations 4 %
Psychology 5 %
Swedish companies 9 %
Dentistry 7 %
Foreign financiers 14 %
Occupational therapy 4 % Other beginner’s programmes 11 %
Source: Unit4 Business World.
Biomedical laboratory science 3 %
7,8
Specialist nursing (continuation) 8 % Other continuation programmes 3 % Master programmes 7 % Freestanding courses 6 % Source: Ladok.
qualified first-choice applicants per student admitted to STUDY PROGRAMME IN MEDICINE
Number of degrees awarded 2013–2016 Degree
2013
2014
2015
2016
Professional qualifications
1,256
1,432
1,578
1,479
General qualifications
891
1,106
1,246
1,217
Total number of degrees
2,147
2,538
2,824
2,696
Total number of individuals
1,758
1,964
2,105
1,946
Source: Ladok.
4,0
qualified first-choice applicants per student admitted to STUDY PROGRAMME IN PHYSIOTHERAPY
Full-time equivalent students (FTEs) and annual performance eqivalents (APEs) in contract education 2013–2016 2013
2014
2015
2016
Full-time equivalent students
241
304
279
287
Annual performance equivalents
188
274
249
237
Source: Ladok.
3,6
qualified first-choice applicants per student admitted to MASTER PROGRAMME IN GLOBAL HEALTH
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
17
EDUCATION AT BACHELOR’S AND MASTER’S LEVEL
Student exchange 2016 Incoming and outgoing students within exchange programmes Student exchange 2016 Incoming and outgoing students within exchange programmes Number of incoming students to Karolinska Institutet
Number of outgoing students from Karolinska Institutet
NORTH AMERICA
319
23
incoming students to NORTH AMERICA Karolinska Institutet in 2016 23
24
ASIA
148 EUROPE
24
6
218
69 40
19
SOUTH AMERICA
12
AFRICA outgoing students from Karolinska Institutet in 2016
8
7
SOUTH AMERICA
8
7 24
17
Internationalisation Internationalisation activities were carried out in accordance with the action plan for 2014–2018. The objectives laid out in the action plan are for global health issues to be integrated in compulsory education, for all study programmes to have a compulsory course in English, and for student and teacher mobility to increase. The objective is also to increase the number of nonEU/EEA students in the global master’s programmes. In 2016 just over 150 teachers took part in workshops and presentations about teaching in English and in the international classroom. Workshops and presentations were also arranged on the integration of global health issues into the study programmes, mainly with regard to intended learning outcomes in global health; the workshops attracted over 100 participants. Fifteen of KI’s study programmes decided on which compulsory course to hold in English and implementation is in progress. All these activities have brought KI well on its way to attaining the goals set out in the action plan. Regarding the mobility goals, no desired increase was seen in teacher and student exchange, which are at roughly the same level as in 2015 despite various information initiatives. A common reason amongst teaching staff for being unable to go on an exchange is lack of time. However, the number of employees that participated in staff exchange within the Erasmus programme continued to rise, and increased from 12 to 16, and even some teachers have taken advantage of this opportunity. In an earlier survey, students often gave family commitments and difficulties finding suitable courses as reasons for declining to go on an exchange.
18
KI remains an attractive destination for incoming exchange students, and the student exchange ratio shows a persistent imbalance between incoming and outgoing students. Apart from registered student exchange, students engage in other forms of activities abroad, such as doing part of their degree project in another country or participating in traineeships under the Erasmus+ programme. Additionally, a number of elective courses include an element of overseas study, and last year over 250 students participated in such courses. Opportunities for shorterterm exchange in the Nordplus framework among others are also available on some KI programmes. This and the initiatives taken to implement the action plan for internationalisation means that many more KI students have spent some time abroad during their studies than have gone on exchange as part of a formal exchange agreement.
Tuition fees for non-EU/EEA students Karolinska Institutet continues to attract non-EU/EEA students, and the acceptance ratio on the international master’s programmes remains high. In 2016, KI had a total of eight master’s programmes and a bachelor’s programme in English. The range of bachelor’s and master’s programmes also includes freestanding courses in English. In the autumn semester of 2016, 69 new fee-paying students were registered, of whom 22 had a full scholarship. The upward
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
OCEANIA
EDUCATION AT BACHELOR’S AND MASTER’S LEVEL
ASIA EUROPE
218
69 40
6
19
12
AFRICA
24
OCEANIA
17
Source: Ladok.
trend of more self-financed fee-paying students therefore continues. The total number of FTE and APE students in 2016 was 110 and 112, respectively (see table to the right for a yearly comparison). KI offers its fee-paying students arrival support, campus services and an extended careers service. Other initiatives in this field, such as pedagogical development, aimed to improve and develop teaching in the multicultural classroom, promote all of KI’s internationalisation and educational activities. The increase in fee-paying students has made a positive contribution to internationalisation at home for KI. Tuition-fee financed activities showed a positive financial outcome for 2016 (see table below). The surplus will be reinvested in these activities. In 2016, KI engaged in initiatives specifically aimed at the departments and intended to further raise the quality of education at KI; these initiatives will continue in 2017 and will also include programme development. The Swedish Migration Agency’s processing times for decisions on residence permit extensions were prolonged in 2016, which created serious problems for a few students, who have requested a postponement of their fee payments. Due to delays in the granting of such permits, some students have not been able to complete their degrees abroad or study abroad for a semester on exchange. These students claimed that they are not receiving the education they have paid for.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Number of full-time equivalent students (FTEs) and annual performance equivalents (APEs) in tuition-fee financed activities 2013–2016 2013
2014
2015
2016
Full-time equivalent students
51
74
107
110
Annual performance equivalents
50
64
98
112
Source: Ladok.
Revenue and costs for operations funded by tuition fees 2013–2016 (SEK million) 2013
2014
2015
2016
Revenue
9,3
14,7
19,3
19,6
Costs
7,6
10,7
15,4
16,8
Total
1,7
4,1
3,9
2,8
Source: Unit4 Business World.
19
EDUCATION AT BACHELOR’S AND MASTER’S LEVEL
Quality KI is developing a coherent quality system in order to strengthen its systematic quality development and monitoring work. As regards the quality system for education at bachelor’s and master’s level, KI issued quality evaluation guidelines in 2016. Key components of the quality system include annual educational activity reports from the departments and the introduction of quality plans at departmental and programme levels. A model has been developed to evaluate how well KI’s study programmes meet the needs of our stakeholders.
High quality
Swedish Higher Education Authority (UKÄ) evaluations The specialist nursing programmes that had previously been given an “inadequate quality” rating were approved by the Swedish Higher Education Authority (UKÄ). This means that all degrees at KI now have a high-quality or very high-quality rating.
All UKÄ-evaluated degrees at KI are now approved.
New education organisation To enhance the enriching ties between research and education, an education organisation is being introduced that delegates a greater responsibility for the quality and research basis of education to the departments. In 2016, responsibility for beginners’ programmes was delegated to the departments, and a decision was taken on a similar delegation of responsibility for continuation programmes on 1 January 2017. Education committees with responsibility for implementing and coordinating the departments’ educational commitments were set up at all departments. These committees are led by teachers with educational responsibility and a high degree of scientific expertise.
Review of education in ethics
Research funds for leadership commissions The ability of KI’s teachers to conduct active research is essential to the research-basis concept of education. However, teachers with leadership commissions in bachelor’s and master’s education can have difficulties finding the time for their own research, which can be detrimental to their CVs and career opportunities as well as to the recruitment base. To enable teachers at bachelor’s and master’s level to conduct research, a decision was taken to allocate funding for this purpose. This three-year strategic investment was implemented in 2016 and will be evaluated in 2018.
Ensures that KI’s students maintain an ethical approach.
New education organisation
Gives the departments more responsibility for the quality and scientific foundation of KI’s study programmes.
20
Graphic: iStock.
Professional development for teachers In order to enhance the teachers’ pedagogical competence, KI arranged courses on teaching and learning in higher education and a number of shorter continuing professional development courses for supervisors and teachers engaged in clinical training. KI also arranged a teachers’ day on the theme of ethics and evidence-based practice, as well as an educational congress on different aspects of student-centred learning. The range of and need for courses on teaching and learning in higher education is currently being studied. With this knowledge KI can be sure to meet the Association of Swedish Higher Education’s (SUHF) requirement that teaching staff have appropriate training corresponding to at least ten weeks full-time study.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
EDUCATION AT BACHELOR’S AND MASTER’S LEVEL
Pedagogical leadership training The Framtidens utbildningsledare (tomorrow’s pedagogical leaders) training programme, which KI ran for the first time in 2014–2015, took in a fresh group of participants in 2016. The overall goal of the programme is to ensure the future supply of scientifically qualified and pedagogically proactive leaders for educational activities at KI. One goal for the year was for participants to gain a full understanding of KI’s values and ethical rules.
Review of ethics teaching A review of the ethics component of KI’s bachelor’s and master’s programmes commenced during the year with the aim of producing a common basic level for all programmes. This is in order to ensure that KI’s students adopt an ethical approach and that its ethics teaching maintains the highest national standards.
Open online courses Since 2013, KI has collaborated on Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) with the international education group edX. Six courses have been developed and run at KI and were offered as self-study courses in 2016. KI’s agreement with edX requires the university to produce at least two courses a year over the coming three years. The purpose of entering the MOOC scheme is for KI to develop and digitalise its own courses and market its study programmes globally. A strategy was produced at KI during the year for the development of MOOCs, according to which the courses are to help further pedagogical development at KI and spread knowledge about medicine and health globally.
Equal opportunities
Integration initiatives Supplementary training for doctors, nurses and dentists with degrees from outside the EU/EEA and Switzerland KI continued to coordinate the supplementary training of doctors, dentists and nurses who had completed their training in countries outside the EU/EEA and Switzerland. The courses are currently held at KI, the University of Gothenburg and Linköping University. The courses cover one year’s full-time study, half of which is theoretical and half clinical. An extensive evaluation and follow-up of the course for doctors carried out by all three participating universities during the year showed a high degree of labour market establishment amongst former course participants. The respondents said that the course gave them the tools they needed to work as medical doctors in Sweden. It also emerged that the respondents found the practical parts of the course, including the clinic-based components, most useful.
49% men
51% women
Gender distribution The gender distribution on KI’s bachelor’s and master’s programmes has seen little change over the past few years. A majority of the students are women. While there are some variations over the programmes, only four – three master’s programmes and the study programme in medicine – have a relatively even gender distribution amongst beginners (see Table 2 of the appendix for yearly trends).
The Study Programme in Medicine has the most even gender distribution.
Equal opportunities for students To reduce the risk of discrimination and harassment and to promote equal opportunities, KI held lectures and seminars for teachers and other staff during the year. Two open seminars initiated by students and primarily for students were held on the theme of harassment and incident reporting. KI also finances a student ombudsman at the Medical Students’ Association in Stockholm to represent all students. KI took part in the 2016 Stockholm Pride festival together with the Medical Students’ Association in Stockholm and the student association Queerolinska. Students and staff marched together in the parade under the banner A University for Diversity. More information about equal opportunities integration at KI can be found under “A university environment in development”.
76% of beginner students are women.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
21
Doctoral education
22
Photo: NVS/KI.
One of KI’s PhDs who graduated in 2016 is David Conradsson at the Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society. To research the effects of balance training and medication in elderly people with Parkinson’s disease he uses cameras to register how patients move when walking and turning. Dr Conradsson was awarded the Elsa and Inge Andersson prize by the Parkinson Foundation. The prize was instituted to promote high quality theses in the field of Parkinson’s disease.
DOCTORAL EDUCATION
Photo: Erik Cronberg.
The Board of Doctoral Education’s mission is to maintain the quality of education at a doctoral level. This involves improving the research environment for doctoral students in psychosocial as much as scientific terms. In order to enhance the monitoring of doctoral studies, a decision was taken on the introduction of a digital individual study plan. Outreach activities are also important, and we have set up, as part of a Nordic collaboration, a graduate school in health innovation.” Marianne Schultzberg, Dean of Doctoral Education
331
2,267 92 % ACTIVE DOCTORAL STUDENTS
Doctoral education is an important aspect of activities at Karolinska Institutet (KI) and its doctoral students play a significant role in the research that is carried out. A doctoral degree from KI is, and shall always be, a nationally and internationally recognised mark of quality.
Doctoral education Doctoral education is mainly pursued by students conducting personal research projects with the assistance of supervisors and other researchers. To help the students in this endeavour and to ensure the quality of their studies, KI has established a framework of support mechanisms, rules and regulations. For example, there are boards that examine prospective students, supervisors and projects before admission, obligatory training for supervisors and procedures for monitoring progress and half-time reviews. KI also offered 201 courses in 2016. Project-specific courses are mainly offered in twelve different doctoral programmes, which coordinate them within their own research area. Characteristically for KI, like other medical faculties, a majority of its doctoral students do their projects part-time while working in the healthcare sector. This puts particular demands on both the students and the university. To facilitate their studies, KI and the Stockholm County Council have set up a number of graduate schools to provide a course package suited to the target group while giving students access to research networks and time for more in-depth study.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
DOCTORAL DEGREES
WOULD RECOMMEND KI
Doctoral students The number of doctoral students at KI has remained relatively stable over the years, although a weak trend towards fewer new doctoral students is discernible (see graph). A possible reason for this is that it is more expensive for the departments to finance doctoral students since the abolition of doctoral grants at KI in July 2016. The number of doctoral students is in itself no measure of quality, and it is difficult to ascertain what the optimal number would be. However, KI’s Strategy 2018 mentions that, in considering the total number of doctoral students, the university should strive to maximise opportunities for all doctoral students at KI. Number of newly admitted doctoral students 2007–2016 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
2007
2008
2009
Total
2010
2011
2012
2013
Female
2014
2015
2016
Male
Source: Ladok.
23
DOCTORAL EDUCATION
Education at doctoral level 2013–2016: Number of doctoral students, exams and studytime Degree
2013
2014
2015 2016
Number of doctoral students (individuals)1
2,312
2,311
2,280 2,2672
Number of doctoral students (full-time equivalent) Number of exams (licentiate)
1,765 1,741 1,724 1,7382 12
9
8
7
Number of exams (doctoral)
306
340
359
331
Total study time
5.91
5.83
5.82
5.74
Net study time
4.24
4.37
4.44
4.32
1
Figures for 2013–2015 have been adjusted compared to previous annual reports due to changed definition of an active doctoral student. 2 Figures are preliminary due to a certain lag in reporting. Source: Ladok.
Financing of doctoral students (autumn semester 2016) 5% 7%
10 % 8%
30 %
58 % 49 %
Full-time equivalent
Employed at KI
Scholarship
Employed outside KI
Other
Individual study plans
Source: Ladok. “Overall, I am satisfied with my doctoral education at KI”
85,9
88,2
89,6
90
84,7
89
87,3
93,1
91,9
80 70 60 50 40
14,1
11,7
10,4
2009
2010
15,3
12,7
11
6,9
8,2
2014
2015
10 2008
2011
2012
2013
Agree + Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree + Disagree Source: KI exit poll 2008-2015. (Results from 2016 are not yet available.)
24
In 2016, KI introduced the central administration of doctoral course evaluations to ensure comparability between the results of different courses. This not only makes the administrative process more efficient but also helps to improve the production of surveys and result analyses. The 2016 course catalogue included links to the latest course evaluations for all previously held courses, allowing students to choose the best ones.
Monitoring
30
0
In 2016 the Board of Doctoral Education decided to introduce a digital system for individual study plans (eISP) in order to facilitate student monitoring. It also enables doctoral students and their supervisors to make better use of the individual study plan as a tool for measuring progress and goal fulfilment. The implementation of eISP will commence in the autumn semester of 2017.
Course evaluations
% 100
20
Quality For education at a doctoral level to be considered high quality, the theses produced must maintain a high scientific standard and the students who graduate must have developed into competent and independent researchers. Achieving these criteria requires not only excellent research but also learning environments characterised by good leadership and a focus on learning and development. A training programme for supervisors has been in operation since 2008. The basic course is obligatory for all prospective doctoral supervisors who have never supervised a student to graduation. There is also an obligatory online course on the rules governing doctoral education. As of 2016, anyone wishing to supervise a doctoral student must have passed this course within the preceding five years.
33 %
Individuals
In terms of gender distribution, the proportion of newly admitted female doctoral students has historically been over 60 per cent. Since 2012, however, this figure has dropped to between 55 and 60 per cent. This is a welcome trend that is in keeping with KI’s efforts to even out gender differences. The process of collecting data on doctoral funding was reviewed ahead of 2016 to ensure the quality of the statistical data. It can be noted that some 33 per cent of doctoral students are employed outside KI, primarily within the County Council (see chart). Approximately 200 individuals (that is, eight per cent of all doctoral students at KI) finance all or part of their studies through a scholarship. Many doctoral students have several sources of financing in place simultaneously, hence the difference between the columns. Another explanation is that the category of employed students has a higher proportion of full-time students than the category that pursues their education while employed elsewhere (for example by the County Council).
For the ninth year in succession, all doctoral students were invited to participate in an anonymous survey in connection with their thesis defence as an exit poll following their completed studies. The response rate in the latest poll was 82 per cent. The exit poll gives unique feedback on different initiatives and the results are used as a basis for assessment and decision-making. The poll shows a positive trend as regards the number of students who were satisfied with their studies (see graph), and while the specific measures fueling KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
DOCTORAL EDUCATION
this trend are not evident, the assumption is that it is the result of KI’s far-sighted initiatives to enhance doctoral education.
Equal opportunities The Board of Doctoral Education appointed a committee in 2016 to analyse if any gender differences exist in the funding application and approval rate for the doctoral programmes and clinical graduate schools it finances. Without exception, men apply for funds to a much greater extent than women. As regards the approval rate, it is higher for men in nearly two-thirds of the analysed programmes/schools. In half of these cases, however, the differences in approval rates are minor. The committee proposes that a more in-depth analysis be conducted of the causes of this imbalance and that the information issued to students on applying for funding be made clearer. Three supervisor training courses, each including a seminar on equal opportunities, were held in 2016 and were attended by a total of 97 supervisors. KI finances a doctoral ombudsman, based at the Medical Students’ Association in Stockholm, who is able to assist students and represent them on personal matters.
Internationalisation KI’s Strategy 2018 states that a limited number of in-depth collaborations are to be further developed within doctoral education and that doctoral students are to be given the opportunity to participate in international exchanges. Three students involved in projects being run under the partnership with the National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have been awarded additional doctoral education funding. Of the students who graduated at KI in 20152, some 40 per cent had participated in some kind of international exchange (33 per cent, 2014), either by attending courses or by spending time with another research group. The proportion of newly admitted doctoral students with a qualifying education from another country was 39 per cent in 2016. The most common countries in this regard are China (5 per cent of all new admissions) and Western European nations such as Italy, the Netherlands and Britain. It is important to note that country of qualifying education is not the same as nationality or citizenship.
and Roads to Regression of Cardiovascular Disease) project. The project is funded by a European Joint Doctorate grant provided under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions programme and aims to train doctoral students in cardiovascular research. The students in question will pursue their education at KI and either Maastricht or Aachen University. The programme leads to a joint or multiple degree from the institutions involved.
National Institutes of Health, NIH (USA) Since 2001, KI has had an established doctoral student collaboration with NIH in the field of neuroscience. This is the largest international, institutionalised collaboration involving doctoral education at KI. The students in this programme share their time between laboratories at KI and at NIH and have supervisors from both organisations. Plans continued in 2016 on the joint symposium scheduled to take place at KI in March 2017.
RIKEN ( Japan) KI renewed its university-wide doctoral exchange agreement during the year with RIKEN, one of Japan’s largest research institutions, through which KI students may spend three to twelve months at a laboratory on one of the RIKEN campuses. The agreement also offers doctoral students accommodation and a modest scholarship.
The China Scholarship Council, CSC (China) Ahead of the 2016/2017 programme, a total of 39 scholarships were paid to Chinese researchers and students, including 33 doctoral students, four postdoctoral researchers, one visiting professor and a master’s student. Interest among KI research groups in recruiting under the 2017/2018 programme is just as keen as last year, and some 60 research projects have been posted on the CSC website.
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, MUHAS (Tanzania) Four individuals from MUHAS were admitted as Sida-financed doctoral students in 2016. The supervisor training was completed successfully at MUHAS in accordance with the “train-the-trainer” concept.
KI was awarded a STINT grant in 2016 for a strategic internationalisation project designed to raise the quality of doctoral education at KI. The project includes creating national and international partnerships on doctoral supervisor training in order to share “best practice” and develop new educational concepts. The results of the project will be incorporated into KI’s training courses for doctoral supervisors.
INTRICARE – Maastricht University, Aachen University (the Netherlands) and KI KI was awarded a grant from the EU INTRICARE (International Network for Training on Risks of Vascular Intimal Calcification 2 Source:
Photo: Gustav Mårtensson.
STINT Strategic Grants for Internationalisation
Matilda Liljedahl graduated in 2016 with her thesis “On learning in the clinical environment”. A PhD is the highest academic degree in Sweden, and is awarded on the successful defence of a thesis after four years’ doctoral education.
Exit poll. Results for 2016 are not yet available.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
25
Research
26
Photo: Gunnar Ask.
New ways must be found for treating pain – one in five adults over the age of 20 have problems with pain, and seven per cent suffer such chronic pain that it seriously affects their quality of life. Postdoc researcher Hind Abdo and Professor Patrik Ernfors at the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics research how different types of neurons contribute to sensory perception and pain.
RESEARCH
Photo: Erik Cronberg.
The Board of Research intensified its recruitment drive for junior researchers during the year. Between 2014 and 2016, the board also operated a programme to increase the percentage of women employed as professors, an initiative that proved very successful. Through a new collaboration organisation, the regional ALF agreement has given us renewed opportunities to raise and deepen our collaboration with healthcare in Stockholm County. Much effort was made during the year to enhance Karolinska Institutet’s (KI’s) collaborations with the private sector, other universities and international organisations.” Anders Gustafsson, Dean of Research
Karolinska Institutet is in the middle of extensive infrastructural reform. This places heavy demands on the university but also creates good opportunities for fully exploiting KI’s research potential in the long term. This requires advanced forms of collaboration with the Stockholm County Council and Swedish business, other leading universities and international actors.
A selection of the latest research findings Annually for the past few years, researchers at KI have published original results in some 4,700 articles in scientific journals. Over 85 per cent of these articles have been written in collaboration with other research institutions in and outside Sweden. Many of them can also be found in the doctoral theses presented at KI. Here is a very selective list of new scientific discoveries presented during the year on KI’s various websites.
Around the cell Researchers successfully mapped out the presence of short non-coding RNA sequences in individual embryonic stem cells. Unlike messenger RNAs, short RNAs do not contribute to the synthesis of new protein molecules, and their function has been partly unknown. Previous research on short RNA is based on analysis of multiple cells; the new method of single-cell analysis can provide new knowledge on how our genes are regulated and how different cell types develop (Nature Biotechnology, April). KI researchers and their colleagues at the Royal Institute of Technology developed a new method of studying gene activity in different types of tissue samples. The method provides a more detailed, high-resolution image of where in the tissue different genes are being active. It is hoped that the new method will be useful to both research and cancer diagnosis (Science, July).
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Researchers showed that the reason why HIV is incurable is that the virus integrates its DNA into long-living immune cells called memory cells. Their results contradict other recent high-profile work in which scientists claim to have proof that the virus propagates in hidden-away places beyond the reach of antiviral agents (eLife, November).
Photo: iStock.
Researchers developed a nanoparticle technique to stabilise proteins in the cell membrane so that previously inaccessible proteins can now be studied. Many of the drugs currently in use target membrane proteins, and it is hoped that this new technique will aid the development of more such drugs and vaccines (Nature Methods, March).
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RESEARCH
Around the body BRAIN Some pneumococci bacteria can breach the blood-brain barrier and cause serious, often fatal brain infections. According to a study conducted on mice, this is because a small proportion of the bacteria have a special protein on their surface and are found individually in the blood rather than in pairs or short chains (Journal of Clinical Investigation, June). In another mouse study, researchers using optogenetics were able to identify a type of cell in the brain that plays a critical part in attention (Cell, January). Already 20 years before the first symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease it is possible to observe inflammatory changes in patients’ brains (Brain, January). With the aid of a technique called single-cell analysis, researchers discovered that oligodendrocytes, which produce the fatty myelin sheath that protects nerve fibres, are more diverse than once thought. This finding can be important to the future treatment of diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), where the loss of myelin retards the neuronal signals in the brain and spinal cord (Science, June).
TEETH In a study involving over 1,600 participants, researchers showed that parodontitis (tooth loss) increases the risk of a first myocardial infarction (Circulation, February).
BLOOD Researchers were able to dismiss earlier fears that sexdiscordant blood transfusions increase the risk of death in connection with heart surgery. The study was based on registry data from almost 50,000 cardiac surgery patients (Circulation, November). Nor does it seem that dementia can be spread between people by blood transfusion, according to a study based on a Swedish-Danish transfusion database (Annals of Internal Medicine, June). Another study shows that people with a form of blood cancer called chronic myeloid leukaemia nowadays have a near normal life expectancy thanks to a combination of a new drug and bone marrow transplantation (Journal of Clinical Oncology, August).
According to a large-scale analysis presented during the year, the sympathetic nervous system consists of different types of nerve cells that regulate specific physiological functions, such as goose pimples or nipple erection (Nature Neuroscience, August). People with malignant melanoma and a congenital mutation of the CDKN2A gene run double the risk of dying of the disease (Journal of the National Cancer Institute, June). Another gene called miR-146a can play a part in preventing the skin disease psoriasis from becoming chronic. According to research on both mice and humans, the absence of miR-146a seems to exacerbate the skin inflammation and make the healing process slower and incomplete (Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, August).
28
Photos: iStock and Science Photo Library.
SKIN
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
RESEARCH
HEART Researchers showed that it is usually not the typical risk factors for cardiovascular disease that account for cases of takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as broken-heart syndrome. Instead, takotsubo is linked to obstructive diseases like COPD and asthma, particular psychiatric diseases and migraine (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, April). One registry study demonstrated that treatment using catheter ablation can reduce the risk of stroke and death in patients with atrial fibrillation (European Heart Journal, March). People treated with a type of inhibitor drug for chronic myeloid leukaemia are at greater risk of suffering a myocardial infarction and developing blood clots (Annals of Internal Medicine, June).
BREAST STOMACH Researchers showed in a study conducted in Sweden, USA and Italy that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can be linked to genetic mutations that affect the body’s ability to digest certain kinds of carbohydrate (Gut, November).
Breast cancer is the most common form of the disease in women. In a study of over 2,000 patients, researchers show that personalised chemotherapy is no more efficacious than standard therapy for early breast cancer (JAMA, November). Researchers also identified cells of origin for a certain type of breast cancer in genetically modified mice. These cells have a protein on their surface that is normally associated with stem cells in hair follicles, skin, lungs and the tongue, but that is now also linked to the development of the breast’s lactation function and tumour growth (Nature Cell Biology, October).
UTERUS Women with atypical glandular cells in the cervix run a significantly and persistently high risk of cancer, according to a study covering three million women who had undergone gynaecological smear tests. The researchers say that the monitoring of and treatment for atypical glandular cells has to improve (BMJ, February).
IMMUNE SYSTEM
PROSTATE In collaboration with their Finnish, Norwegian and British colleagues, KI researchers were able to explain how known variations in the human genome affect the risk of prostate cancer. Around a hundred areas of genetic variation could be linked to the disease. The researchers have now refined medical understanding of the molecular mechanism behind the disease process (Nature Genetics, March).
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Researchers discovered an earlier unknown safety mechanism in our immune system that prevents the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. This knowledge can be of significance to the treatment of a great many conditions, from allergies to the rheumatic disease SLE (Systemic lupus erythematosus) (Nature Immunology, October). A type of brain tumour called a glioblastoma can manipulate the body’s immune system to its own advantage, so that the cancer is stimulated rather than attacked. An international team led from KI showed in detail how this happens (Nature Immunology, September). Researchers also examined in detail a relatively newly discovered immune system cell group called ICL cells. By analysing the genetic activity in individual tonsil cells, researchers were able to find three previously unknown sub-groups of ICL cell (Nature Immunology, February).
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PANCREAS/DIABETES
BEHAVIOUR
Researchers managed to produce for the first time a molecular map of the genes that are active in the different cells of the human pancreas. The study, which was conducted in collaboration with a pharmaceutical company, also revealed differences in gene activity between people with type 2 diabetes and people not suffering from the disease (Cell Metabolism, September). Blood sugar suppressors used to treat type 2 diabetes can tire out insulinproducing cells and thus cause long-term deterioration of the disease, according to a study on mice with human insulinproducing cell grafts (Cell Metabolism, February). According to an evaluation study, a new device involving the use of sensors inserted into the subcutaneous fat of patients with type 1 diabetes can make the monitoring of blood sugar levels easier and improve treatment (The Lancet, September).
One study showed that body dysmorphic disorder, or selfperceived ugliness, can be cured with online cognitive behavioural therapy using a form of the therapy developed by researchers at KI (BMJ, February). KI researchers working in collaboration with British colleagues also showed that drug therapy for different kinds of mental illness can prevent released prisoners relapsing into violent crime – something that has been under debate. To ensure that the analysis remains unaffected by differences between individuals, the participants were compared with themselves during periods with and without drug treatment (JAMA, November). Another study showed that refugees run a significantly higher risk of psychotic disease than native Swedes and non-Swedes who immigrated in other ways (BMJ, March). Heavy use of cannabis during one’s youth increases the risk of early death, according to a follow-up study of 50,000 who signed up for military service in Sweden between 1969 and 1970 (American Journal of Psychiatry, April).
Photo: Science Photo Library.
PREGNANCY/EARLY DEVELOPMENT With the aid of single-cell analysis, researchers constructed a detailed molecular map of the human embryo’s first week of development, and pointed to major differences with the embryos from mice, the animal most often used to study early embryonic development (Cell, April). Fetuses in women who have been vaccinated against swine flu (H1N1) suffered neither damage nor early death, according to a registry study that compared almost 41,000 babies who had been exposed to the vaccine while still in the womb to almost 200,000 who had not (Annals of Internal Medicine, September). Bariatric surgery, on the other hand, can increase the risk of premature birth, a registry study involving some 8,500 mothers and babies showed (New England Journal of Medicine, August).
LOCOMOTION The motor neurons have long been considered passive mediators of signals from the spinal cord to muscles and other organs. However, researchers studying zebra fish were able to identify a more direct and previously unknown signalling pathway that radically changes the long-held view of the role of motor neurons (Nature, January). Endurance training affects the activity of thousands of genes and causes changes in the RNA, the genes’ molecular copies, according to a study conducted on people who were asked to perform muscular exercises in which they worked each leg differently. The results can help scientists better understand the mechanisms that make training good for preventing such conditions as overweight and cardiovascular disease (PLOS Genetics, September). In two studies, KI researchers working in collaboration with colleagues in Lund presented new knowledge on how dopamine cells are produced in the brain. It is hoped that a method can be developed for transplanting dopamine cells to patients with Parkinson’s disease (Cell Stem Cell, October).
30
SURGERY Researchers dismissed earlier fears that general anaesthetics and surgery for young patients can affect learning skills and impair future school performance. The new reassuring results are based on registry data from everyone born in Sweden between 1973 and 1993 (JAMA Pediatrics, November). Another study on oesophageal cancer showed that the learning curve for surgeons can be particularly long and that it can take upwards of 60 operations of the same kind for there not to be any adverse effect on the patients’ chances of survival (Journal of Clinical Oncology, March). Sterilised mosquito nets can replace costly medical mesh for inguinal surgery, a Swedish-Ugandan research collaboration found (New England Journal of Medicine, January).
Quality Ensuring quality of research at KI requires a number of steps. The first step in developing a coherent quality system was concluded during the year. The work involves, amongst other measures, devising indicators for monitoring and evaluating quality at KI on a university-wide level and ensuring full compliance with the prevailing rules and regulations. Recruitment is an important part of KI’s continuing development as a university. During the year the university tightened its procedures for all employment-related business prepared by the recruitment committee; for example, external experts are now to be co-opted to assess all prospective employees. To maintain KI’s credibility with financiers, other universities and society as a whole, it is imperative that the research produced is conducted correctly. As mentioned above, KI put considerable effort into revising its procedures in 2016 for preventing, detecting and handling all kinds of scientific misconduct. KI’s ambition is to have all its research documented digitally. This is essential to quality assurance and facilitates the sharing of
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Photo: iStock.
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
data. The number of users of KI’s electronic lab notebook (KI ELN) is constantly increasing and totalled over 3,500 at year end. The results of an ongoing preliminary study on the handling of research data will inform the priorities set and initiatives taken from 2017 onwards. The aim is for electronic documentation to be obligatory at KI as of 1 January 2019.
Number of published articles 2006–2015 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000
Measures of academic output – bibliometrics KI and many other universities use bibliometrics to follow the dissemination and impact of research results. Bibliometrics involves the application of mathematical and statistical methods to articles, books and other communications media. Reported data3 should be seen from a long-term perspective. The number of published articles is a rough measure of academic output and depends on a variety of factors, such as the publication patterns of different disciplines. The bars in the figure represent published articles with addresses that can be connected to KI4 in either Web of Science or Medline5.
Field-normalised citation score The field-normalised citation score reflects the number of citations of the article compared to other articles of the same type, that is, the same type of document from the same year and the same subject. The graph shows the average value of the fieldnormalised citation score for all articles from KI8 and the fieldnormalised citation score for all 28 member states of the EU (EU28). As can be seen, KI’s score is consistently higher than the corresponding score for EU28.
Recruitment The programme to establish a clear and attractive career structure for junior researchers continued in 2016. Externally recruited research associates receive a starting grant over and above the financial contribution to their salaries. The aim of this is to enable new employees at KI to become immediately engaged in active research. For more details on KI’s recruitment strategy, see “A university environment in development”.
Equal opportunities In light of KI’s recruitment target for 2012–2015, an action plan was drawn up in 2013. The special support programme for departments that recruited a woman to the post of professor or visiting professor was concluded at the end of Q2 2016. In sum, the proportion of women amongst newly employed professors or visiting professors increased over the past two years. The course for research group leaders includes an obligatory half-day seminar and an online class on equal opportunities. For more details on KI’s work on equal opportunities, see “A university environment in development”.
4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Review
Other
2014 2015
Article
Source: Web of Science and Medline6 Footnote: “Other” consists of the previous sub-items Meeting abstracts, Editorial material and Letters.7 Because there is a slight delay in the database being updated, complete statistics for the past year are not available at the time the annual report is published. Consequently, details for 2016 are not reported so as to provide a true and fair view of developments. The “articles” and “reviews” sub-items have increased by 60 per cent since 2006.
Field-normalised citation score 2006–20159 2,0 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 2006
2007
2008
2009 KI
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Cf EU28
Source: Web of Science.
3 Certain
data included herein are derived from the Web of Science ® prepared by THOMSON REUTERS ®, Inc. (Thomson®), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: © Copyright THOMSON REUTERS ® 2017. All rights reserved. 4 Main address strings included in the analysis are: Karolinska, Huddinge Hospital, Danderyd Hospital, Söder Hospital, St Goran’s Hospital, St Erik’s Hospital, the Astrid Lindgren Hospital. 5 This differs from last year’s overview, which only included Web of Science items. 6 Data is partially derived from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. 7 Types of publications in “Other”: Meeting Abstract, Editorial Material, Letter, Correction Addition, Biographical Item, Book Review, Reprint, News Item, Database Review, Fiction Creative Prose, Software Review. 8 Articles och reviews i Web of Science. 9 Data is based only on publications covered by Web of Science. Publications from 2016 have been excluded due to a certain lag in reporting.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
31
RESEARCH
Total research revenue 2013–2016 (SEK million) Change 2015–2016
2013
2014
2015
2016
Research councils
800
844
969
988
2.0%
Other goverment agencies
344
288
307
300
-2.3%
Municipalities and county councils
396
376
400
390
-2.5%
Swedish foundations and organisations
779
904
974
991
1.7%
Foreign foundations and organisations
351
409
405
431
6.4%
Swedish companies
182
198
252
296
17.5%
Foreign companies
85
94
89
147
65.2%
Dividends from KI funds
68
70
76
69
-9.2%
Financial income
35
18
6
12
100.0%
3,040
3,202
3,478
3,623
4.2%
Funding source
Total external funding Direct government funding
1,763
1,920
1,897
1,959
3.3%
Total
4,802
5,121
5,375
5,582
3.9%
63%
63%
65%
65%
Proportion of external funding Source: Unit4 Business World.
Research funding 2007–2016
Revenue from the EU (including scholarships) 2007–2016
SEK million
SEK million
4000
300
3500
250
3000
200
2500 150
2000 100
1500
50
1000
0
500
2007
2008
0 2007 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Government
2014
2015
2009
2010 Income
2016
External
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015 2016
Scholarships
Due to new accounting principles that were introduced in 2011, scholarship holders are displayed separately above for the years 2011–2016. Source: Unit4 Business World.
Source: Unit4 Business World.
Number of EU-funded projects at KI in 2016:
Number of EU projects 2013–20161
Total number of projects with KI as coordinator2 1
2013
2014
2015
2016
229
202
214
198
19
15
12
11
Number of current projects within the sixth and seventh framework programmes, Horizon 2020 and the Health Programme. Decided, but not yet started projects are not included. 2 The figures referring to KI as coordinator do not include projects supported by the European Research Council. Source: EU database KI, Participant portal, Cordis, VINNOVA.
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198 KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
RESEARCH
Research financing
Scientific infrastructure
Research funding increased during the year by 3.9 per cent, with government funding picking up again after a drop in 2015. The increase in external funding mainly comes from KI’s partners in the corporate sector. KI has spent the past few years establishing structures for commercial outreach, which engendered new partnerships in 2016. There is also a trend amongst large pharmaceutical companies to collaborate on research with external partners. For more details on private financiers, see Table 6 of the appendix.
With the growing importance of research infrastructure both nationally and for KI, advanced scientific infrastructures need to be much more thoroughly coordinated and shared. This will not only ensure the efficient use of resources but will also allow KI to offer as many researchers as possible access to structures that cannot be operated by individual groups. KI has considerable responsibilities in the medical field and offers a large number of infrastructural solutions in areas such as imaging, biostatistics, biobanking, proteomics and genomics. KI’s two campuses in Solna and in Flemingsberg are undergoing considerable expansion and several new premises and facilities are being built for laboratories, animal housing and facilities and so forth. Initiatives are underway with external actors, such as the healthcare sector, to further integrate research and clinical activities. KI’s university library, which is also open to the public, is the Nordic region’s largest medical library. The Academic Research Center for Chemicals, Health and Environment (Swetox) is an example of infrastructure collaboration, and involves eleven Swedish universities. Sweden has an internationally strong standing in research and education in chemicals, health and the environment. Another example is the national biological mass spectrometry infrastructure (BioMS), which is a centre of excellence in proteomics – a research field that examines large data volumes on biological networks of proteins. The establishment of Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab) as a national infrastructure has stimulated the growth of two completely new research fields in the molecular life sciences – environmental genomics and molecular precision medicine. SciLifeLab gives researchers from all over Sweden access to modern instruments for technically demanding, large-scale research projects. The collaboration between SciLifeLab and Swetox also enables new ways of analysing the impact of ecotoxins on human and animal health, for example – which puts researchers in good stead for developing world-leading research in the field. In light of the increasing need of coordination – within KI as well as with the County Council and at a national level – a vice-dean of infrastructure was appointed during the year. The vice-dean will also chair a forthcoming infrastructure committee tasked with drafting proposals for future investments on strategic research infrastructure.
The European Union Karolinska Institutet recovered its position as the largest recipient of EU grants among all Swedish higher education institutions during the year, and is the fourth largest of all European organisations in the field of health. Among other things, KI is also involved in projects within the programmes ICT, nano-science and environmental science. The total number of EU-financed projects at KI in 2016 was 198, generating income of SEK 237 million. KI coordinates eleven of these projects, which gives it high-profile international status and influence over European research policy. KI participates in 14 projects – one of which as coordinator – under the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI), a joint undertaking between the European Union and the pharmaceutical industry association. KI is also involved in four projects under the EU’s Third Health Programme.
European support for individual researchers European grants for individual researchers are primarily received from the European Research Council (ERC) and the Research Executive Agency (REA). Ten new projects supported by the ERC were started in 2016, so that by the end of 2016, KI had 33 ongoing ERC projects. The university had four Advanced Grants for established outstanding researchers, three Consolidator grants and two Starting grants, which are intended for excellent researchers on their way to consolidating their research position and for young, particularly promising researchers, respectively. KI also received one Proof of Concept Grant. KI now has eleven ERC Advanced grants already running, eleven Starting grants, nine Consolidator grants and two Proof of Concept grants. The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Programme (MSCA), which is administrated by the REA, aims to reinforce Europe’s intellectual capital and competitiveness. In 2016 six new individual and six network-based MSCA grants were awarded to researchers at KI. KI now has a total of 39 active MSCA projects.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF) INCF was established by the OECD in 2005 for the purposes of developing the field of neuroinformatics – a separate part of bioinformatics. The INCF, a subscription-financed network that covers Europe, North America, Australia and Asia, also collaborates on different EU projects. Karolinska Institutet hosts the INCF, and the Swedish secretariat has a staff of 13. KI places premises and administrative services at the INCF’s disposal. In 2016, the INCF focused its activities on neuroinformatics infrastructure at a global level and, amongst other initiatives, arranged international conferences. Over 300 internationally leading researchers are involved in the facility.
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RESEARCH
3,713 academic articles published in collaboration with researchers in the USA
230
MACEDONIA
academic articles published in collaboration with researchers in Brazil
0 1–10 11–50
BOTSWAN
51-200 201-1000 1000+
International co-publications 2014–2016 The number of academic articles published by Karolinska Institutet’s researchers in collaboration with one or more researchers from each country or territory. Certain data included herein are derived from the Web of Science ® prepared by THOMSON REUTERS ®, Inc. (Thomson®), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: © Copyright THOMSON REUTERS ® 2017. All rights reserved.
INTERNATIONAL JOINT PUBLICATIONS 2014–2016 The number of academic articles published by Karolinska Institutet’s researchers in collaboration with one or more researchers from each country or territory. Certain data included herein are derived from the Web of Science ® prepared by THOMSON REUTERS ®, Inc. (Thomson®), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: © Copyright THOMSON REUTERS ® 2017. All rights reserved.
Internationalisation Collaborations with internationally leading research environments are necessary for the exchange of ideas, methods and results that drive research forward. KI’s international standing and influence is very much based on the extent to which its researchers establish collaborations and co-author articles. The map illustrates the international co-publications that KI has had with one or more researchers from each country or territory in 2014–2016.
34
Eduardo Mondlane University (Mozambique) KI signed a declaration of intent during the year on an education and research collaboration with Eduardo Mondlane University. The background to this initiative is KI’s participation in Sida’s call for applications for collaboration grants between Eduardo Mondlane University, Swedish universities and South African research institutions.
The Rockefeller University (USA) KI’s collaboration with the Rockefeller University involves postdoctoral researcher exchanges, short-term exchanges of technical
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
RESEARCH
2,965
academic articles published in collaboration with researchers in the United Kingdom
746
MACEDONIA
LEBANON
MYANMAR
academic articles published in collaboration with researchers in China
BOTSWANA
138
academic articles published in collaboration with researchers in Uganda
UBLICATIONS 2014–2016
by Karolinska Institutet’s researchers in collaboration untry or territory.
of Science ® prepared by THOMSON REUTERS ®, Inc. (Thomson®), ON REUTERS ® 2017. All rights reserved.
and academic staff, and the Nicholson Lectures series hosted alternately by each university. In 2016 negotiations began on a new agreement between the two institutions.
be a workshop on healthy aging scheduled for September 2017. The aim is for the four institutions to regularly arrange joint workshops and symposia on different themes to which they can contribute their own specific expertise.
University of Tokyo ( Japan) – Royal Institute of Technology – Stockholm University – Karolinska Institutet
Tokyo Women’s Medical University, TWMU ( Japan)
In 2016, KI, the Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University signed a declaration of intent on a partnership with the University of Tokyo in order to promote interdisciplinary collaborations on research and education between the Stockholm region and the University of Tokyo. The first joint project will
KI renewed its declaration of intent during the year on a partnership with TWMU. The two institutions collaborate in several research fields, including stem cells and medical nanotechnology. For details on KI’s collaborations with Hong Kong, China, Vietnam, Uganda and the USA (Mayo Clinic and MIT), see “Collaborations”.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
35
Collaboration
36
Photo: Ivan Kwok.
October saw the official opening of KI’s first overseas establishment: the Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine in Hong Kong. The centre will greatly reinforce KI’s research in the field of reparative medicine and is expected to open the way for collaborations in Hong Kong and other parts of Asia. The aim of reparative medicine is to improve the production and application of material and cells that can be used to replace damaged or lost tissue. The centre is financed by a donation from business magnate Ming Wai Lau.
COLLABORATION
Karolinska Institutet (KI) is not only an internationally leading medical university, but also an integral part of society. Research results are implemented through innovation and close collaboration with healthcare and industry partners. Thanks to KI’s contacts with prospective students, healthcare professionals and the media, KI interacts extensively with society. Over half of the research and education at KI is conducted in clinical environments, mainly within the region’s hospitals, but also in primary and elderly care facilities. KI also partners with the healthcare sector for the clinical components of KI’s education as well as its continuing professional development (CPD) programmes for medical personnel. Many clinical researchers and teachers have combined employment and adjunct contracts. KI is located in a cluster containing Karolinska University Hospital, KI Science Park, SciLifeLab, the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Much of KI’s research is conducted in collaboration with Swedish and overseas companies, which also fosters the exchange of knowledge and experience. KI accommodates numerous research centres, such as the Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC) and the AstraZeneca Translational Science Center, both of which were established jointly with AstraZeneca. Combined and adjunct positions are important channels of exchange with other organisations. KI has many long-term partners around the world and is involved in a great many EU-financed collaborations. EIT Health, a European consortium in which KI is a partner, was established in 2015 by the European Institute for Innovation and Technology (EIT) to focus on research, education and collaboration for a healthy life and active ageing. EIT Health is one of the EU’s biggest initiatives in the field of health and will be financed with up to EUR 700 million until 2020.
Collaboration with the Stockholm County Council
87 companies in KI Science Park
66
active projects at KI Innovations AB
KI is co-located in a cluster of institutions that includes Karolinska University Hospital, SciLifeLab and the Public Health Agency of Sweden.
The Stockholm County Council is the single most important partner for KI. A considerable portion of KI research and education requires access to the healthcare services, which entails close collaboration between different operational units and at different organisational levels.
Healthcare reforms Healthcare in the Stockholm region is undergoing extensive reform. When traditional structures such as emergency hospitals no longer provide care to the same extent as before, it impacts clinical education and research by reducing access to infrastructure and patients and, ultimately, the provision of competent personnel. As a consequence of these new conditions, KI needs to collaborate even more intensively with the Stockholm County Council to maintain the quality and scope of its education and research. In this regard, well-integrated information management is of particular importance.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
KI is a partner of EIT Health – one of the EU’s largest initiatives in health innovation and education
37
COLLABORATION
The KI-Stockholm County Council collaboration organisation: synoptic diagram
Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm County Council Management Group
Senior management level
Hospital level
Research Advisory Committee Forskningsrådet Forskningsrådet Hospital
Education Advisory Committee Representatives
Representatives
Forskningsrådet Forskningsrådet Department
Forskningsrådet Forskningsrådet RD&E Committee
Representatives
Representatives Operational level
Forskningsrådet Forskningsrådet Operational unit
New operational model at Karolinska University Hospital
Resource allocation for Research, Development and Education (RD&E)
The first phase of a new operational model has been completed at Karolinska University Hospital. Existing clinics and divisions are being reorganised thematically to follow the patients’ progression along the care pathway with the aid of overarching support functions. The reorganisation is planned to be fully established in 2018. The investment that the County Council is making in a new hospital (NKS) and a new ultra-modern research block (BioClinicum) creates unique opportunities for healthcare, research and education. BioClinicum will house laboratories designed to promote clinical and translational research. KI is involved in the planning and commissioning of the new hospital and BioClinicum.
Collaboration for the allocation of ALF funds and the RD&E (research, development and education) resources that the county council brings to the partnership for joint prioritisation is organised within the KI-Stockholm County Council collaboration organisation. Over and above the direct allocation of resources for RD&E operations, funds are announced annually for various clinical activities, including graduate schools, project funds for medical research and development projects and funds for clinical positions at various levels (e.g. clinical postdoctoral researchers and other researchers). Resources earmarked for education are used for placements within the study programme in medicine and study programme in speech and language pathology. Funds are also allocated for other purposes, such as clinical lecturers and pedagogical research and development projects.
Academic specialist centre The academic specialist centre is a Stockholm County Council-KI initiative that focuses on healthcare, research and education. It will be accommodated in new premises being built close to the Solna campus. The project necessitates KI involvement in its planning and execution and is due to open in autumn 2017. KI also works with the County Council on information technology development and management and on supporting the development of Stockholm’s medical biobank and Quality Registry Centre.
The collaboration organisation The ALF agreement (between the government and certain county councils on medical education, clinical research and healthcare development) is the means by which the government remunerates the councils involved for their participation in clinical research and education. The government thus guarantees KI access to healthcare facilities for the clinical education of its medical students and for clinical research. Uniquely for the Stockholm region, KI and the County Council have elected to include all education programmes requiring access to healthcare facilities in their regional ALF agreement. Their agreement also stipulates a collaboration organisation. In 2016, KI and the County Council implemented the new collaboration organisation and the work of its various councils and committees has started to take form.
38
Forskningsrådet Forskningsrådet Section/Unit
Forskningsrådet Forskningsrådet RD&E Group
Financial summary The KI-Stockholm County Council partnership has approximately SEK 1 billion a year at its disposal. In 2016, remuneration under the ALF agreement amounted to SEK 490 million for clinical research and development, and SEK 125 million for the medical programme. In addition to this are the funds earmarked for research and education by the County Council. Total resources for the partnership amounted to SEK 1,046 million: • ALF funds SEK 615 m • Stockholm County Council funds SEK 431 m
Programme 4D – four diagnoses and informatics Programme 4D is a joint five-year collaboration between KI and the County Council designed to improve conditions for healthcare and research by enabling the rapid transfer of new knowledge into personalised prevention, early diagnostics and treatment. The four diagnoses included in the programme are arthritis, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes and congestive heart failure. The objective is to create generalisable solutions – decision-making
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
COLLABORATION
support for the patients, healthcare and research – suitable to a majority of diagnoses. In 2016, the programme resulted in twelve generalisable solutions (see diagram), and thanks to the efforts of the project groups, in-patient care for people with known heart failure has declined by six per cent since 2012. Another effect is that the time to diagnosis has been shortened and is now less than 20 weeks for almost 70 per cent of the arthritis patients, which is an improvement since the launch of the programme. Programme 4D will continue to implement and broaden its solutions, which are also in demand amongst other county councils.
university leadership and top County Council officials. The management group took the initiative in the winter of 2016–2017 to launch a project aimed at harmonising the relationship between the two organisations and ensuring that they apply all rules and regulations in the same way. Ethical permits for clinical research and the distinction between healthcare and research are issues being discussed not only regarding the responsibilities of KI and the County Council but also at a national level and among other organisations. It is a question of clarifying existing rules, developing better defined procedures and ensuring compliance. In 2016, KI’s university management made an announcement about the importance of compliance and has been closely monitoring the national debate. A new ethical council will be created at KI in spring 2017 in order to establish general principles. KI also revised its procedures during the year for dealing with scientific misconduct, with a final decision scheduled for spring 2017. Expert and clinical competence will be hired as of 1 February 2017 to monitor procedures and manage case administration.
Special challenges in the partnership interface The respective responsibilities of KI and the County Council were brought to the fore during the Macchiarini investigations. It was found that the “grey zone” that exists between the government and the county was a source of confusion for people holding combined positions and that each organisation applies some rules differently. The partnership as regulated by the local ALF agreement is mainly effected through a management group comprising the
Programme 4D: 12 generalisable solutions Twelve generalisable solutions for knowledge-building amongst patients, the healthcare service and research. One of the solutions is a digital, personalised care plan (3) through which the patient, care provider and researchers can jointly communicate on studies, share data and monitor results. Another example is PEP (4) in which the patients themselves order laboratory tests and then receive their results on their phones. This solution transfers some of the sample collection process from healthcare service to citizen. A third example involves the standardisation of the patients’ pathway and data through care and research (6 and 7), for which all four diagnoses have developed new methods.
6 Standardised patient procedures
1
7 Structured journal template
2 Check service
9 Research coordinators
My e-consent
10 Biobanking
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
(Echocardiogram/ECG)
3
4
My digital care plan
Patient self-tests (PEP)
11 Data storage
Knowledge bank
8 Biobanking
Healthcare decision support system
5 Learning centre 12 Collaboration with industry
Patient decision support system
Research support
39
Photo: Janne Danielsson/SVT.
COLLABORATION
Armita Golkar, researcher at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, sat on the expert panel of the SVT (the Swedish public service broadcaster) series “Fråga Lund” in the autumn. From the left: Gunnar Wetterberg, Armita Golkar, Gabriella Stenberg Wieser, Henrik Widegren and Jessica Abbott.
40
Collaboration and communication with the general public
Innovation support and commercial outreach
KI works actively to disseminate information about its activities and interact with the community. KI’s popular science magazine, Medical Science, is distributed to the press, politicians, financiers, hospitals, schools and to paying subscribers, and is also available for individual purchase. Last year the magazine increased its print run to 26,700 copies and it is also available on several digital magazine sites. A special compilation issue in English is distributed annually to foreign journalists, embassies and other such target groups. The magazine’s articles are also posted on the KI website and on social media sites. The news media is an important channel for KI’s outreach work, which is normally dominated by reports on the latest research findings. 2016 was an intense year, with the Macchiarini case driving an increase in the volume of articles in the media. This said, KI news coverage regarding research and other matters remains effectively unchanged. In 2016, KI researchers appeared on several popular radio and TV programmes in Sweden. Academic and administrative staff from KI participate regularly in professional and social events, bringing knowledge to broader groups of society. KI also keeps in contact with former graduates and employees via its KI Alumni & Friends network.
The KI innovation system The KI support system for innovation provides comprehensive and integrated service aimed at researchers, students and employees who are in need of advice and practical support for developing their ideas and converting them into innovations or services. The KI deputy vice-chancellor for innovation and corporate alliances has responsibility for strategic development in the field, and in 2016 led a project to further clarify the various roles and offerings of the innovation system’s different actors. This resulted in a re-launch of KI’s innovation system and access portal under the collective name KI Innovation Support 4U. The KI Innovation Council is an advisory body that has been set up to help ensure that KI’s innovation activities and strategic plans are anchored in the internal organisation and consistent with regional and national innovation initiatives. The council comprises internal and external representatives. Education and research on innovation and entrepreneurship The Unit for BioEntrepreneurship (UBE) is an academic unit at KI that conducts research on innovation and entrepreneurship and engages in knowledge dissemination and education, inclu-
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
COLLABORATION
ding a two-year international Master’s programme given at KI. Interdisciplinary studies are facilitated through the Stockholm School of Entrepreneurship. Early advice, guidance and support The KI Innovation Office is a unit within the university administration that oversees knowledge dissemination as well as innovation and commercial outreach support. The Innovation Office is the first point of entry for researchers and students wishing to develop their ideas. Advice and guidance is given on concept development and on identifying internal and external partners with which to proceed along the innovation pathway. In 2016 there were 111 early-stage advisory cases managed by the Innovation Office, twelve of which involved advice to students. Of these cases, 24 led to extended patent investigations. The Innovation Office participates in several regional and national projects that aim to improve the innovation process, including several projects funded by Vinnova. KI’s incubator KI Innovations AB was established to help put scientific discoveries to medical and societal use by commercialising research results from KI. Approximately 150 external experts are affiliated with the business. In 2016 KI Innovations assessed 78 commercial ideas, of which 15 were run as companies. In 2016, 33 of these were granted funding for commercial verification (see below). As of 31st December 2016, the business portfolio contained 66 projects. Of the 66 projects, 23 were run as companies, of which five were formed in 2016. Eleven patent applications were financed in order to secure IP assets and thus to enable the commercialisation of research conducted at KI. Six projects attracted significant investment and three entered into commercial collaboration agreements. In 2016, business concepts associated with KI Innovations attracted SEK 45.7 million in external capital (SEK 24.5 million in 2015 and one exit valued at SEK 25 million).
Collaboration with industry A significant proportion of KI research is carried out in close collaboration with companies, both Swedish and foreign. This allows for an exchange of knowledge and provides access to unique expertise and competence and opportunities for staff education/ training as well as to resources, infrastructure and funding. In 2016, KI received SEK 443 million in financing from companies (SEK 341 million, 2015), of which SEK 147 million came from companies based abroad. Corporate alliances established in 2016 included a collaboration agreement with Ferring Pharmaceuticals on the establishment of a centre of translational microbiome research (CTMR) and a five-year framework agreement with Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation (MSD) on “Real World Evidence” research in the therapeutic fields of cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, hepatitis C and cancer. A strategic partnership with targeted investments from Johnson & Johnson Innovation commenced in 2015, the first of its kind in Sweden. A call for applications in 2016 resulted in over 80 responses. Four of these projects were selected and will now receive financing and resources for development.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
KI Holding AB Karolinska Institutet Holding AB owns, sells and manages shares and participations in several project and service companies engaged in the commercial exploitation of projects and knowledge developed or originating from activities at KI. KI Holding controls six wholly owned subsidiaries: KI Innovations AB, KI Science Park AB, KI Housing AB, KI University Press AB, the recently activated KI Information AB and the dormant KI Support AB. KI Holding is a shareholder (6.8 per cent equity) of the independent investment company Karolinska Development AB (Nasdaq Stockholm: KDEV, KD).
Internationalisation KI is working on a strategy for prioritising and developing international partnerships in line with the requirements of Strategy 2018. The KI Deputy vice-chancellor for international affairs chairs the international strategy group tasked with coordinating the boards’ internationalisation activities, drafting KI’s overall international strategy, and prioritising international alliances at a university-wide level. The rate of international exchange visits at a management and internal board level was very high during the year, and an Internationalisation Council was set up under the deputy vice-chancellor with academic representation from every department. Every year, KI hosts a large number of international conferences and events, mainly within the scope of its own professional fields but also with other societal perspectives. For example, a meeting was arranged in November at KI for international ambassadors and consulates stationed in Sweden at which researchers from KI and the County Council presented their work.
The Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, MWLC (Hong Kong) The Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine (MWLC) opened in Hong Kong in October 2016. The centre is KI’s first overseas establishment and was made possible through a donation of USD 50 million, which covers the centre’s costs, a research grant programme for six KI researchers for the establishment of its Swedish node, and administrative costs in Sweden. In time, the centre is expected to attract additional external financing on its own merits. The aim of the initiative is to develop cutting-edge research in a high-tech unit in Hong Kong, where KI has long-standing partnerships already in place with local universities. The centre, which is to be run under KI rules and management, is expected to give long-term reinforcement to research on reparative medicine. Premises in Hong Kong Science Park were completed and equipped in 2016. The recently opened centre accommodates some 50 researchers. A decision was taken in December on the employment of the first three research group leaders in February 2017. An administrative manager was hired in September, and procedures are being established and implemented in consultation with KI in Sweden. It is expected that the research centre will oversee the active collaboration and knowledge exchange amongst groups in both countries. A postgraduate-level programme open to international students will be launched in 2017.
41
COLLABORATION
TRAC (Vietnam) Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC) is a three-year (November 2015 to October 2018) collaborative project among five Swedish higher education institutions: KI (coordinator), Uppsala University, Umeå University, the University of Gothenburg and Linköping University. These institutions have together received funding from the Foundation for the Internationalisation of Education and Research (STINT) for the establishment of a common platform for research and education collaboration between Vietnam and Sweden.
Photo:: Ulf Sirborn.
Mayo Clinic (USA)
Makerere University (Uganda) KI has also been engaged in a long-standing research and education collaboration with Makerere University. A new, joint research centre for non-infectious diseases is being planned.
Photo: Megan Osler.
KI signed a five-year collaboration agreement in November with drug developer MSD’s US parent company Merck & Co on the use of healthcare outcomes to improve future clinical research. Susan Shiff and Stina Salomonsson from MSD, Richard Cowburn from KI and Alexander von Gabain, KI’s deputy vice-chancellor for innovation and corporate alliances celebrate the agreement.
KI has been engaged in a long-standing, tightly integrated collaboration with Mayo Clinic for many years. The 22nd network meeting for planning and knowledge exchange took place at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA, last year, with a focus on research, education, administration and the collaboration itself. A general framework agreement was entered into as another step towards an ever-deeper relationship. In 2016 funds were allocated for project grants, support activities and travel allowances. Over the past two years, the partnership has received a Strategic Grant for Internationalisation from STINT.
KI alumn Long Luong (right) tells a prospective student about studying at KI. Long Luong was one of the alumni who staffed the KI stand at the “Study in Europe” higher education fair in Hanoi, Vietnam, on 4 November.
42
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
COLLABORATION
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT (USA) KI and MIT are in discussions on a joint centre for emerging medical technology, with the emphasis on translational research and innovation. A feasibility investigation is currently underway.
Shenzhen (China) A tripartite collaboration amongst KI and partners in Hong Kong and the Shenzhen region was discussed in 2015. The Pearl River Delta region is judged particularly interesting given its planned investments in health and its strong focus on technology and innovation. See the Education at bachelor’s and master’s level, Doctoral education and Research sections for more details on the international collaborations taking place under each category.
30 %
Indicators
INCREASE BETWEEN 2015–2016 IN EXTERNALLY FINANCED RESEARCH FROM COMPANIES
The following table shows indicators relating to KI’s collaborations, selected for being reliable, registered in an administrative system at KI and able to provide a general view of KI’s collaborative activities and trends.
Selected key indicators for collaboration
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
A. Externally financed research, total (SEK million) – from companies, total (SEK million) – from overseas companies (SEK million)
2,935 241 73
3,040 268 85
3,260 289 97
3,478 341 89
3,623 443 147
395 124
291 131
252 113
248 105
281 135
63 14
56 8
70 11
74 8
83 12
250
241
304
279
287
75 56
84 64
85 67
91 71
85 68
F. Doctoral students employed in the private sector and public organisations (annual working units)
455
479
500
511
528
G. EU projects (FP6, FP7 och EU health programme) – as coordinator
234 21
229 19
202 15
214 12
198 11
H. Ideas/advice/cases treated at KI Innovations AB and the Innovation Office
178
123
139
150
168
I. KI Innovations AB active projects at turn of year
11
30
50
55
66
B. Contract research (SEK million) – from companies, total (SEK million) C. Contract education, total revenue (SEK million) – from companies, total (SEK million) D. Contract education (FTE students) E. Adjunct Professors (total number) – of which are financed by the Stockholm County Council
J. Companies within KI Science Park
63
70
82
86
87
420
575
651
672
690
L. Scientific articles, percentage co-published with parties outside of KI (%)
83
85
84
88
M. Scientific articles, percentage co-published with international parties (%)
63
63
63
67
K. Employed by companies within KI Science Park
Sources: A-C: The financial system Unit4 Business World, D: The student database Ladok, E: KI Recruitment Unit, F: The student database Ladok, G: KI Grants Office, H–K: Data from respective operations, L, M: Web of Science/KI University Library. L, M. Data for 2016 were incomplete at time of publication. Certain data included herein are derived from the Web of Science® prepared by THOMSON REUTERS®, Inc. (Thomson®), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: © Copyright THOMSON REUTERS® 2017. All rights reserved.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
43
A university environment in development
44
Photo: Gustav MĂĽrtensson.
The new Biomedicum research building will gather together a large portion of the experimental research conducted on the Solna campus in order to promote fruitful collaboration between basic and clinical research groups. In the latter half of 2016, Pontus AspenstrĂśm chaired the team of departmental heads leading the work for the five departments that will be relocating the Biomedicum in 2018.
Photos: Erik Cronberg., NVS/KI and Gunnar Ask.
A UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPMENT
A university environment in development Over the past year, KI has been actively engaged in reviewing and improving its organisation and culture in order to promote quality and professionalism. The primary focus of this work has been to ensure that the university’s administrative policies minimise risks that could damage KI’s reputation, increase transparency and strengthen public trust. Rules and procedures for recruiting heads of department and faculty, as well as those for official travel, entertainment and secondary occupations, were revised and clarified during the autumn. Introduction and personal leadership support were offered to senior managers.
An attractive workplace in which to develop A key challenge of Strategy 2018 is to develop leadership, employeeship, the work environment, equal opportunities and recruitment. Academic success requires the provision of optimal conditions to ensure that all members of the university staff, senior and junior alike, are able to enjoy their work and to feel that it helps them develop. Similarly, strategic recruitments of the most skilled employees in international competition are vital for enabling KI to strengthen its competitiveness as an internationally successful university. It is not sufficient to offer good career and development opportunities and good employment conditions; the university must also offer a sound work environment and possess a committed leadership that encourages development. Employees should feel pride, motivation and commitment in their work and should want to recommend KI as a workplace.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
5,334 EMPLOYEES
3,215 ARE WOMEN
45
A UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPMENT
Human resources report Newly employed professors and senior lecturers During the year KI employed 18 new professors, 15 of which were recruited in international competition. Two were appointed following an assessment of qualifications (shortened recruitment process). Twelve new visiting professors were recruited during the year and eight people were newly employed or had their employment periods extended as adjunct professor. In October 2016, the combined level of employment for adjunct professors corresponded to just under 19 full-time equivalents (FTEs). KI employed six people as senior lecturers in 2016, five of which were recruited in international competition and one following an assessment of qualifications. Ten people were newly employed or had their employment periods extended as adjunct senior lecturer. In October 2016, the combined level of employment for senior lecturers corresponded to approximately 9 FTEs. The gender distribution is presented in the tables below.
Gender distribution The gender distribution was unchanged from 2015, and remained in the 40–60 per cent interval for the senior lecturer, senior researcher, assistant professor, postdoctoral researcher and doctoral
student categories. The increase in the proportion of women amongst newly employed professors in the past few years has had a certain impact on the total proportion of female professors. The proportion of female technical/administrative positions remains unchanged at 70 per cent.
Teachers with doctorates The human resources report includes professors, senior lecturers, assistant professors and lecturers. Teachers without doctoral degrees are only found in the lecturer category.
Recruitment During the year, KI developed a clear career system for researchers comprising four profiles: research, educational, clinical and technical. In the educational profile, a need was recognised for a step between lecturer and senior lecturer; consequently the position of associate senior lecturer was established on 1 January 2016. An online introductory course for all new employees was launched during the year containing important information on the role of public servants, KI as a workplace and key aspects of KI’s rules on such matters as the work environment and extraoccupational activities.
61% 368 OF ALL EMPLOYEES ARE WOMEN
NUMBER OF PROFESSORS
795
NUMBER OF TEACHERS WITH DOCTORATES
Gender distribution in various staff categories, FTE employees 2016
112
Professors
256
Senior lecturers
85 60 124
Lecturers
38
165
Senior researchers
196
101
Assistant professors
87
292
811
600
Technical staff
397
400
200
Women (total 2,936)
46
Administrative staff
236 699
800
Doctoral students with employment
386
546
1 000
Postdoctors with employment
229
0
200
400
Men (total 1,885)
600
800 Source: Primula.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
A UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPMENT
Newly appointed professors and lecturers 2013–2016 2013
2014
Number
Women (%)
22 1
2015
Number
Women (%)
27
19
0
7
2016
Number
Women (%)
Number
Women (%)
37
24
46
18
56
29
16
44
12
50
Professors Professors1 Visiting professors Adjunct professors
13
38
13
46
10
30
8
50
Total
36
31
39
38
50
42
38
53
12
100
17
64
13
62
6
50
5
60
6
0
5
20
10
70
17
88
23
47
18
50
16
63
Senior lecturers Senior lecturers2 Adjunct senior lecturers Total
1 Promoted
professors are included for 2013. senior lecturers are included for 2013. Note: The figures for professors and visiting professors for 2013 and 2014 have been adjusted from the 2014 annual report. Source: Internal KI-database for recruitment. 2 Promoted
Change 2015–2016 (%)
FTE employees, various categories of staff 2013–2016 2013
2014
2015
2016
Number
Women (%)
Number
Women (%)
Number
Women (%)
Number
Women (%)
Professor, pre-clinical
221
28
221
28
230
29
234
31
2
Professor, clinical
151
27
146
27
143
28
134
29
-6
Senior lecturer, pre-clinical
109
64
110
62
110
63
100
64
-9
41
47
48
51
45
46
46
46
1
Lecturer
155
73
159
75
157
75
162
76
3
Senior researcher
345
47
360
46
379
48
361
46
-5
Assistant professor
149
53
161
52
170
53
188
54
10
Postdoctor with employment
493
56
526
56
539
57
521
56
-3
Senior lecturer, clinical
Doctoral student with employment
595
64
650
59
770
58
932
59
21
Technical and admin. staff
2,023
74
2,093
72
2,153
70
2,143
70
0
Total
4,283
63
4,473
62
4,694
61
4,820
61
3
Here, FTE employees refers to the number of full-time and part-time employees translated into full-time employees. The figures above include all employees who were not on a full leave of absence during the month measured, regardless of full-time/part-time or length of their employment, but exclude those in assistant posts in combination with doctoral grants and adjunct teachers. The figures refer to October 2016. Source: Primula.
Number of teachers with doctorates and proportion of all teachers 2013–2016 (FTE employees) Year (%)
Number of doctorates
Proportion of total (%)
2013
717
87
2014
739
88
2015
776
91
2016
795
92
The human resources report includes professors, senior lecturers, research associates and junior lecturers. Teachers without doctoral degrees are only found in the junior lecturer category. Source: Primula.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
47
A UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPMENT
A systematic introduction programme focusing on the prevailing rules and the functions of the central administration was introduced for new heads of department and administrative managers. Prospective heads of department take an occupational psychology test, which can provide a basis for tailoring the introduction process for those subsequently recruited and provide them with management support. New rules were drawn up for the recruitment of departmental heads, including better defined job specifications and a clearer introduction process. The tenure was extended from three to five years. KI tightened up its recruitment procedures during the year by co-opting an expert assessor for all prospective professors and senior lecturers. All recommended candidates for a position are subject to an examination of critical qualifications (PhD, past docentships/professorships, current position, professional registration and evidence of specialist expertise) and, if necessary, non-critical qualifications. Supplementary references are also requested from former and current employers. The reference and documentation requirement for all positions has been clarified in KI’s recruitment guide. The employment regulations are currently under revision, with particular focus on employment rules for visiting professors and adjunct teachers. KI is also planning to introduce occupational psychology tests for prospective teachers and researchers. KI’s collaboration with Karolinska University Hospital and other healthcare principals in the HR field was strengthened, and procedures for clarifying the division of responsibilities and ensuring coordination when recruiting joint appointments were introduced. This also included a follow-up of ongoing joint appointments. For the second consecutive year KI announced positions for the recruitment of prominent junior researchers within medical science. This is a strategic investment in junior researchers with particularly excellent academic qualifications and future potential. It is a broad investment focusing on both basic research and clinical research. The investment covers three levels of the academic career: assistant professor, assistant professor on extended contract, and senior researcher. The Board of Research finances the successful applicants’ salaries for four, two and five years, respectively. This year’s announcement drew a total of more than 300 applicants. Following a rigorous selection process involving an internal panel, external expert assessment and interviews, KI recruited eight assistant professors and six senior researchers. A further eight assistant professors had their contracts extended. KI has begun to appoint staff for the Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine in Hong Kong. Several positions were filled during the year, including an administrative manager appointed locally.
Leadership and employeeship KI has begun a project to review its leadership guidelines and update its leadership programmes with current content on the roles of the public authority and public servant, regulatory provisions, KI’s internal rules and the integration of gender equality. A clearer range of programmes for managerial and leadership development was established and business-tailored leadership development initiatives were carried out. The personal management 48
support system was extended, and a management programme for future leaders and a leadership development programme for senior managers were produced. A university-wide group and team development programme was delivered to different groups involved in research, education and administration, and a new competence development programme for HR officers at the departments was started as part of KI efforts to optimise its management support. In 2016, some 250 more managers were trained in dialoguebased salary revision. The course included theory and practical exercises with actors. Salary revisions were conducted using this method on 1 October for 85 per cent of employees (members of Saco-S or non-unionised).
Work environment and health In 2016 the two existing work environment courses offered regularly as part of the basic training for managers were reformed into two modules, with an additional new third module in laboratory safety. Approximately 200 managers took part in the 15 courses that were held in English or Swedish. An extensive information and education programme was carried out to anchor the new provisions on the organisational and social work environment (AFS 2015:4), and KI arranged seminars for managers on the theme of “conflict management and manager responsibilities”. Procedures for an “environmental issue’s pathway” at KI were clarified so that everyone in charge of operational units knows how to deal with any work environment problems that arise within or between departments. The KI partnership with the County Council was strengthened in areas concerning the joint environmental responsibilities of both institutions. Amongst other measures, an agreement on forms of collaboration was entered into with Danderyd Hospital AB regarding the work environment, safety (including fire safety and radiation protection), the environment and sustainability. KI launched a central, web-based incident reporting system during the year designed to facilitate improvement and preventative measures in the reporting of anomalies and noncompliance in the environment, work environment and safety fields. The system allows staff and students to report incidents and workrelated injuries. Managers responsible to examine and process these reports with the local safety representatives and other relevant employees, use the same system. Consequently, the university is now able to follow up incidents more effectively and take action both locally and centrally.
Equal opportunities KI is committed to taking a proactive approach to gender equality and equal opportunities. It is by creating decent opportunities for all that the university develops as a workplace, and factors of gender, transgender identity or expression, ethnicity, religion or other belief, disability, sexual orientation and age may not impede or obstruct these efforts. The vice-chancellor took a decision during the year on KI’s equal opportunities guidelines and action plan for 2016–2018. KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Photo: Gustav Mårtensson.
A UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPMENT
Birgitta Henriques Normark is vice dean of recruitment on the Board of Research. KI advertised positions for prominent junior researchers for the third time in 2016. This is a strategic initiative in which the Board of Research contributes to the financing of the researchers’ salaries.
In 2016, the government instructed all higher education institutions to develop their integration work regarding gender equality to ensure that regular decision-makers incorporate a genderequality perspective into all decisions at all levels and stages. KI recruited a special coordinator for this work, the initial phase of which will continue until 2018. A number of prioritised areas have been identified and active steps to improve gender equality will be summarised in an action plan in the spring of 2017. Following this, implementation, monitoring and result analysis will commence at all departments and divisions and with other relevant internal actors.
In 2016, KI tightened its reporting procedures for secondary occupational activities. During the autumn, the annual collection of reports was completed electronically using the staff administration system. Several measures have been taken on the basis of, amongst other things, the recommendations made by the internal audit office. Company names are now required on the form for the reporting of such activities. The digital forms were revised and complemented with support questions and information, and clearer procedures were introduced for the coordination of contract law and labour law in matters concerning secondary occupational activities. New rules for such activities were decided upon, and instructions were clarified to include disciplinary procedures for anyone who either fails to submit a report or whose submission is either incomplete or inaccurate. Heads of department and administrative managers were given information and instruction accordingly, and plans are being drawn up for a course on conflict of interest and Companies Registry crossreferencing. KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Photo: Gustav Mårtensson.
Extra-occupational activities
Students and staff from Karolinska Institutet join the Stockholm Pride parade for the third successive year under the banner ”A University for Diversity”.
49
A UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPMENT
Infrastructure – premises KI’s plan for the provision of premises was approved by the University Board in June 2016. The plan shows the development of total area and costs due to the major strategic premises projects and includes a plan for which buildings are to be vacated. The plan will be updated annually. KI took part in the production of a campus plan for Solna under the supervision of Akademiska Hus. The campus plan will be an instrument for the strategic development of the area for KI and for new tenants in the buildings that KI will be vacating in 2018. In general there was no major change in the total area occupied by KI, which amounted in 2016 to 221,925 square metres. This is an increase of 1,166 square metres on 2015, and is largely attributable to the new premises being leased by KI in Hong Kong (979 square metres).
Strategic premises projects For the past few years, three construction projects have been underway at KI – Biomedicum, KM-B (Comparative medicine – Biomedicum, animal house) and Neo – as part of its major infrastructure investment, which is one of the four main components of Strategy 2018. The Future Laboratory project in Flemingsberg also passed from the planning to the implementation stage in 2016 with the commencement of conversion work in June. Together, these four projects account for an overriding part of the ongoing infrastructure programme, representing a total investment by the landlords of over SEK 4 billion. In addition to this, KI is investing over SEK 1 billion on fixtures, fittings and critical equipment such as fume cupboards, autoclaves, equipment washers and so forth. Added to this is research equipment that the departments will purchase in connection with their relocation. All four projects will be ready for occupancy from December 2017 to October 2018. Biomedicum in Solna brings together five departments currently housed in separate buildings. Apart from spaces dedicated purely to research premises, it will also have meeting rooms designed primarily for conference purposes. The total leased area will be 43,900 square metres. With its 10,000 square metres, KM-B will be a complement to Biomedicum and is one quarter ahead of the latter’s schedule according to plan. During the year it was decided that most of KI’s aquatic operations (in Comparative Medicine) will be accommodated here. In the Neo research block in Flemingsberg, KI will lease just over 15,000 square metres (80 per cent of the building). Apart from pure research premises it will also contain rooms for teaching, conferences and examinations. The building will share an entrance with the Royal Institute of Technology’s parallel building, which was completed and occupied in 2016. The Future Laboratory is a radical conversion project covering some 10,000 square metres of laboratory space (of a total approximate area of 30,000 square meters).
Other projects Detailed designs were drawn up during the year for the planned conversion and extension of the Berzelius laboratory to create a new, larger examination hall. The work is scheduled for 2017, and once the sports hall is no longer needed for examinations, KI will be able to plan improvements to its fitness centre on the Solna campus. 50
Area and cost of premises 2008–2016 Year
Area (sq.m.)
Cost (SEK million)
Proportion of total cost (%)
2008
186,489
503
12
2009
198,009
553
12
2010
204,494
565
11
2011
200,859
586
11
2012
213,881
667
12
2013
218,870
741
13
2014
220,628
763
13
2015
220,759
754
12
2016
221,925
755
11
Costs for premises include rent, electricity, media, cleaning etc. Source: KI real estate system and Agresso.
The modernisation of teaching rooms in line with the learning environment concept continued during the year, mainly at Alfred Nobels allé 23 in Flemingsberg. The adaptation of the Wargentin building for the KI Biobank continued.
Under investigation Along with the adaptation of premises for the KI Biobank in one wing of the Wargentin building, an investigation was conducted into the feasibility of converting/extending other parts of the building to accommodate an electron microscopy group core facility linked to Biomedicum and to provide additional office space for the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Two premises projects were investigated during the year for Comparative Medicine on the Solna campus, both of which are approaching a decision on implementation. The one building is the Annex, which is intended to replace the Scheele laboratory’s animal house and will involve the conversion of part of the current MTC block; the other is a conversion project within the Astrid Fagræus laboratory, which is intended to replace certain functions that will disappear when KI vacates buildings in 2018.
Accommodation The planned residential blocks in the north part of the Solna campus (Fogdevreten) were given the go-ahead in 2106 in the form a zoning plan that was given municipal approval following appeals at different stages of the process. The final detail design work has begun, with occupancy scheduled in 2019–2020. Flats for some 400 residents will be (block) contracted by KI and let to visiting researchers and students by KI via KI Housing AB.
Communications The new 540-bay multi-storey car park was completed in 2016 on Tomtebodavägen as part of Akademiska Hus’s strategy to increase parking facilities on the Solna campus, thus compensating for the reduction of parking spaces in the centre of the campus. KI and Akademiska Hus are monitoring the location and design of the Solnavägen Metro station that will serve Karolinska University Hospital and KI when the new Metro line is commissioned in 2024. KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
A UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable development In 2016, the government instructed KI to submit a data report describing its contribution to the UN’s global goals for sustainable economic, social and environmental development (Agenda 2030). The KI core activities of research and education make a significant contribution to several of the Agenda 2030 goals, particularly Goal 2 (End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture), Goal 3 (Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages) and Goal 4 (Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all). As to whether these activities are sufficient or not, it was concluded that a considerable increase in resources is needed for KI to make an optimal contribution to Agenda 2030. KI also contributes to sustainable development by acting upon its environmental and social responsibilities in its day-to-day business. Much of its sustainability work takes place under the university’s management system for the environment and sustainable development, which has been developed to meet the requirements of the international standard for environmental management systems, ISO 14001.
Research and education for sustainable development Strategy 2018 states that all activities at KI are to be characterised by a strong social commitment and contribution to sustainable development within and outside Sweden’s borders through our education and research. To publicise and support the research conducted at KI with special relevance to the environment and/ or sustainable development, a report on the scientific work being done in these fields was produced in 2016. Several seminars and courses were arranged during the year to raise awareness of sustainable development. An online introduction package for new employees containing modules on the environment, sustainable development and laboratory safety was also launched. Work is being done to integrate sustainable development more clearly into KI’s educational programmes and courses. An interprofessional elective course titled Sustainable Development in Healthcare was offered during the year to students in various educational programmes, and was classified as an Elective Course for medical students, which is expected to increase the number of participants in 2017. A lecture on sustainable development has been included in the obligatory course for doctoral supervisors and was held twice in the autumn semester of 2016. The doctoral course in basic laboratory safety was extended with instructions for how to reduce energy consumption in ventilated work areas and prevent discharge to drains. An online course for research group leaders that includes modules on the environment, sustainable development and laboratory safety was launched during the year.
so that sustainability now features in both the basic course (part 1) and the advanced course (part 2). Environmental requirements were implemented during the year on certain procurements, such as of technical equipment and contracts; the content of the fruit baskets supplied under KI’s framework agreement must also be organic. KI continues its efforts with landlord Akademiska Hus to improve the energy efficiency of its premises, including a project to upgrade the steam supply network planned for implementation in 2017. KI also began to prepare the background material needed to engage an energy consultant in 2017 to assist KI’s energy representative in attaining the university’s energy targets. Discussions are underway with the landlord on an extension of the solar panel programme on both campuses and on chargers for electric cars. Work also began on a campus plan for Solna in which sustainable development is an integral part of the entire planning process. The project to replace physical servers with virtual ones in KI’s IT Office was effectively concluded in 2016 and the departmental servers are now being transferred to the virtual environment in connection with the Coordinated IT operations project. This is expected to reduce energy usage. Another important contribution is made by the departments’ environmental activities, such as the development, planning and execution of laboratory work that employs fewer hazardous substances. The annual internal environmental audit noted that the integration of environmental issues at a departmental level has generally made progress in the audited departments, and that environment and sustainable development have now been included in their operational plans.
Duty travel and virtual meetings In 2016, KI joined the Virtual Meetings in Public Agencies (REMM) scheme, the main aim of which is to develop and increase the number of virtual meetings held. In 2016 KI arranged courses on the use of videoconferencing equipment – Skype for Business and Adobe Connect – on both campuses, which also included a review of the advantages of virtual meetings in terms of time efficiency and environmental benefit. Virtual meetings are part of KI’s new travel guidelines, which were produced during the year and which state that video or telephone conferencing should take precedence over duty travel whenever possible. In 2017, KI’s Travel Manager will be working with other stakeholders on a 10-step REMM-based method for increasing the number of virtual meetings in the interests of economy, work efficiency, employee wellbeing and the environment. This will involve, amongst other measures, new procedures for meetings and travel and a review of KI’s meetings culture and technical solutions.
In accordance with Strategy 2018, KI’s activities are to be characterised by care for the internal and external environments. In 2016, KI completed several projects and measures to promote the environment and sustainable development. A selection of these is presented below. KI revised its procurement rules in early 2016 to clarify the requirement that sustainability demands be made where and when appropriate in all types of procurement (including direct). Procurement courses for KI’s operational units were also revised KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Photo: iStock.
Sustainable campus
Environmental issues at departmental level took a step forward in 2016 with the integration of environment and sustainable development into the operational plans.
51
Financial report
52
Graphic: Sofia Lindberg.
Karolinska Institutet’s financial position remains strong and the university is very successful at attracting research grants in competition with other universities. For example, last year KI received over half of the grants announced by the Swedish Research Council in the field of medicine and health.
FINANCIAL REPORT
Karolinska Institutet’s (KI) finances remain strong. Turnover, measured in revenue, increased over the year by SEK 193 million, or three per cent, and amounted in 2016 to SEK 6,667 million.
6.7 KI’s turnover in 2016
Turnover increased in all revenue categories with the exception of financial income, which can be explained by the negative interest rate in the Swedish National Debt Office throughout 2016. The largest growth in revenues was in the category of external grants, which increased by SEK 143 compared with 2015. Research activity is still dominant and amounts, as in 2015, to approximately 84 per cent of the total turnover. The positive change in capital for the year amounted to a total of SEK 78 million (75.9 million), of which KI activities accounted for SEK 88.3 million (80.4 million) and Karolinska Institutet Holding AB for SEK -10.3 million (-4 million).
SEK billion
Sources of funding The funding of KI’s activities is divided into sources of funding as shown in the chart to the right. In terms of overall percentages, there was little change from 2015. Total government funding (direct government funding, research councils and other government agencies) amounted to 63 per cent of KI’s total revenue, which is one percentage point lower than in 2015. External funding has been increasing over the past few years, but only marginally in relation to government funding. The largest individual sources of external funding are listed in Table 6 of the appendix.
Loans with the National Debt Office Twice a year new loans are taken with the National Debt Office for the fixed assets that are funded by the government. At the time of the loan, a repayment is simultaneously made that corresponds to the year’s depreciations and retirements. New investments were made in 2016 equivalent to SEK 133.7 million and depreciation amounted to SEK 143.1 million. Total loan debt in the National Debt Office is SEK 602.7 million. KI’s loan facility is SEK 850 million. The annual average interest rate in 2016 was -0.49 per cent (-0.25 per cent). The negative interest rate means that KI receives interest income for the loan from the National Debt Office.
Agency capital Accumulated agency capital, including the change in capital for the year, amounted to SEK 1,513.8 million (1,434.8 million), which breaks down into subsidiaries SEK 34.8 million (44.1 million), asset management SEK 119 million (98.9 million) and core activities SEK 1,360 million (1,292.9 million).
Revenue for 2016, SEK 6,667 million in total (SEK 6,475 million)
5%
2% 1%
7%
43 %
16 %
6% 5% 15 % Direct government funding 43 % (43 %) Research councils 15 % (15 %) Other government agencies 5 % (6 %) Municipalities and county councils 6 % (7 %) Swedish foundations and organisations 16 % (16 %) Foreign foundations and organisations 7 % (7 %) Swedish companies 5 % (4 %) Foreign companies 2 % (1 %) Financial income 1 % (1 %)
The source of information in this section is the Unit4 Business World financial system, unless otherwise specified. Last year’s figures in brackets.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
53
FINANCIAL REPORT
Education at bachelor’s and master’s level
Education at bachelor’s and master’s level total, SEK million 2013
2014
2015
2016
Revenue Direct government funding
874.8
870.6
906.4
907.2
Fees and other remuneration
97.3
118.0
123.9
129.4
Grants
18.9
18.5
19.8
22.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Financial income Total revenue
991.0 1,007.1 1,050.1 1,059.3
Expenses Staff costs
483.4
559.9
551.2
579.9
Premises costs
100.4
121.9
90.8
88.2
Other operating expenses
350.3
340.1
373.6
359.6
Financial costs
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
Depreciation
15.7
7.8
14.0
14.2
Total expenses
949.9 1,029.9 1,029.8 1,042.1
Transfers Government funding
7.6
4.5
4.5
4.6
Funding from other government agencies
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
Other funding
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.5
-7.7
-4.9
-4.6
-5.1
41.1
-22.8
20.4
17.2
127.8
168.9
146.1
166.4
168.9
146.1
166.4
183.6
Grants distributed
Change in capital For the year Balance brought forward Total (balance carried forward)
54
Revenue KI did not reach the funding cap through the settlement for full-time equivalent (FTE) students and annual performance equivalents (APEs) in 2016. KI can nevertheless appropriate the entire funding cap by allocating funds for December performances from 2015 and by settling previous years’ surplus production of approximately SEK 6.9 million. Closing surplus production after settlement was SEK 4.5 million. The government appropriation was adjusted for prices and salaries by 1.61 per cent (0.79 per cent). Activities within the framework of the ALF agreement are reported under the Collaboration section. Revenues under the Fees and other remuneration item increased compared with 2015, owing to a growth in contract education. Revenues from grants consist mostly of grants from other government agencies transferred to KI for activities in the field of education in accordance with the appropriations document of each agency.
Expenses Expenses for education for the year showed a slight increase on 2015. Education activities account for approximately 16 per cent of KI’s total expenses. Staff costs increased somewhat compared with 2015. The figures for 2014 contain a reallocation of staff costs from research to education, which disturbs year-on-year comparisons. The costs for premises decreased somewhat in 2016, and year-on-year comparisons are also affected by a reallocation made between education and research in 2014. Financial costs consist of interest on overdue payments and the negative interest on the balance with the National Debt Office. Depreciation was at the same level as in 2015. Comparisons here are also affected by a correction made in 2014.
1.0 SEK billion
5.6
EDUCATION REVENUE 2016
RESEARCH REVENUE 2016
SEK billion
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
FINANCIAL REPORT
Research and education at doctoral level
Research and education at doctoral level (including asset management), SEK million
Revenue Research revenue for the year amounted to SEK 5,607.3 million (5,424.4 m). Direct government funding increased by SEK 64 million, or 3.3 per cent, compared with 2015. This is in accordance with the government appropriation, which was adjusted for prices and salaries by 1.61 per cent (0.79 per cent). Activities within the ALF agreement are reported under the Collaboration section. Fees and other remuneration increased by SEK 14.4 million compared with 2015, which is primarily explained by an increase in externally funded contract research and projects recognised in income. The largest increase is in the item Revenues from grants, which increased by SEK 141 million, or 4.9 per cent. Grant funded activities showed a negative change in capital, which led to a decrease in agency capital within grant-funded research. The Swedish Research Council accounted for an increase in revenues of SEK 8.7 million compared with 2015. In the Organisations and foundations category, the Wallenberg Foundations remained the largest donor. Funding from county and municipal councils decreased in 2016, which includes a decrease in revenue of SEK 15 million from the Stockholm County Council. In the Companies category, AstraZeneca was the largest financier and accounted for the largest increase in real terms, while the Johnson & Johnson group accounted for the largest percentual increase (see Table 6 of the appendix). Financial revenues decreased by SEK 34.1 million compared with 2015. In 2016, the annual average interest rate on the interest account with the National Debt Office was -0.49 per cent (-0.25 per cent). Interest income from the Swedish National Debt Office was approximately SEK 2.9 million (1.5 million) and is due to negative interest rates on KI’s loans for fixed assets. Other financial revenues consist of an appreciation of approximately SEK 12 million (31.2 million) on the value of financial fixed assets, exchange gains of SEK 7 million (3 million), dividends of SEK 8.2 million (2.5 million) and a capital gain of approximately SEK 4.8 million (31.9 million) from the sale of financial fixed assets, all within asset management.
Expenses Total expenses for the year increased by SEK 172 million, or 3.2 per cent, compared with 2015. Staff costs increased in total by SEK 73 million, or 2.6 per cent, compared with 2015. A salary review commenced during the year and was largely implemented but could not be completed as negotiations are still in progress with one of the unions. The figures for 2014 contain a reallocation of staff costs from research to education, which affects year-on-year comparisons. KI’s total costs for premises increased compared with 2015. Premises costs were positively affected by a reduction in rent surcharges of approximately SEK 12 million, while the costs of electricity and media, cleaning and maintenance increased. The establishment of the Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine in Hong Kong (MWLC) entailed an increase in premises costs of SEK 3.5 million. A correction of SEK 22 million for premises costs was made in 2014 between research and education, which affects year-on-year comparisons.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
2013
2014
2015
2016
Revenue Direct government funding Fees and other remuneration Grants Financial income Total revenue
1,762.8 1,919.5 1,896.7 1,959.4 612.2
601.1
593.8
608.3
2,379.1 2,594.5 2,862.5 3,002.4 50.7
33.8
71.4
37.3
4,804.8 5,148.9 5,424.4 5,607.3
Expenses Staff costs Premises costs Other operating expenses Financial costs Depreciation Total expenses
2,507.0 2,568.5 2,808.2 2,881.9 640.8
640.7
663.1
667.1
1,494.2 1,604.5 1,643.6 1,728.8 9.5
11.7
19.3
28.1
195.6
222.3
230.1
230.2
4,847.1 5,047.8 5,364.4 5,536.2
Transfers Government funding
13.4
12.5
13.2
13.4
Funding from other government agencies
42.2
40.5
68.8
56.2
Other funding
87.0
90.9
136.1
130.1
-142.5
-143.9
-218.1
-199.7
-42.3
101.1
60.0
71.1
Grants distributed
Change in capital For the year Balance brought forward
1,105.4 1,063.2 1,164.3 1,224.3
Total (balance carried forward)
1,063.2 1,164.3 1,224.3 1,295.4
There was a 5.2 per cent increase in operating expenses in 2016 attributable to consultancy costs of SEK 20 million incurred and carried forward in 2015 but taken to costs in 2016, and an increase in costs for the purchase of services, primarily analysis costs. Financial costs consist primarily of interest expenses of SEK 17.6 million (8.9 million) on the balance with the Swedish National Debt Office, exchange rate losses of SEK 4.5 million (SEK 8.9 million) and a reversal of previous years’ revaluation of financial fixed assets of SEK 4.4 million. The annual average interest rate on the deposit account for 2016 was -0.49 per cent (-0.25 per cent). Depreciation was at the same level as 2015 but will increase in coming years as there are many ongoing investments that have not yet become operational. 55
FINANCIAL REPORT
Asset management
Yield
Karolinska Institutet manages individual donations intended for medical science at KI. Donations are divided into: 1. Funds, which are included in KI accounts. 2. Independent foundations, which are their own legal entities with administration linked to KI. For funds that are managed and reported within KI, both yield and capital may be utilised. The independent foundations are individual legal entities and issue their own separate annual reports. Any yield the foundations distribute to KI is included as external grants in KI’s accounts. Summaries of KI’s foundations’ accounts are shown in order to provide a complete picture of KI’s donated assets, regardless of their legal format.
The total yield of the portfolio excluding MWLC was 5.8 per cent in 2016. The relative yield compared to the market index was -2.1 per cent. The positive outcome is attributable to alternative assets and foreign shares. In 2016 interest-bearing securities had a positive yield of 1.2 per cent. Investments regarding the MWLC portfolio comprise two portfolios denominated in USD and SEK respectively. The American fixed-income portfolio increased by 1.6 per cent during the year, the Swedish fixed-income portfolio by 1.9 per cent. Yield in per cent compared with the reference index
At the end of the year, the market value of the fund portfolio reported in KI asset management amounted to SEK 605.7 million (640.9 million). The donation for MWLC has been placed in its own portfolio with only interest-bearing securities. At the end of the year, the market value of the MWLC portfolio amounted to SEK 366 million. The following comments on the fund portfolio exclude MWLC, which is commented upon separately. In 2016, net outflow (the difference between purchased and sold funds) was SEK -21.8 million (-23.9 million) and the total change in value was SEK 12.9 million (13.1 million). Holdings in the fund portfolio are distributed as shown below.
Distribution of investment fund portfolio
2015
2016
9.8
15.4
5.2
5.8
12.6
15.0
4.8
7.9
Yield is stated net, i.e. including dividends and deductions for administrative costs. Share indicies are stated inclusive of reinvested dividends.
Indices used for comparison in 2016 Swedish fixed interest
OMRX Bond
30 %
Shares
MS CI World Net Div (SEK)
40 %
Alternative investments
OMRX T-Bill + 3 %
30 %
Dividend from KI’s funds In 2016, SEK 68.8 million was allocated to core activities within KI according to purpose, as shown in the table below.
Dividend from KI’s funds (SEK million) 2013
2014
2015
2016
61.4
69.5
75.0
68.0
Travel grants
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
Education at bachelor’s and master’s level
0.4
0.1
0.7
0.3
Other
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
67.7
70.2
76.3
68.8
Research grants
28 %
2014
KI’s funds Reference index
Funds
2013
27 %
1% 9%
35 % Interest-bearing securities 27 % Cash 1 % Global equity funds 35 %
Dividend from KI’s funds
69
SEK million
Swedish equity funds 9 % Alternative investments 28 %
56
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
FINANCIAL REPORT
External resources to asset management In 2016, KI received a total of SEK 74.2 million (502.6 million) from external donations. The level of external donations was much lower than in 2015, which can be explained by the large donation of SEK 423 million for the MWLC that was made in 2015. The table below shows individual donations of SEK 2.0 million or more.
Donation purpose
Donor
Amount (SEK million)
Medical research and doctoral education
Gustaf and Tyra Svensson Memorial Fund
Research in integrative medicine at the Osher Center
The Barbro Osher Pro Suecia Foundation and The Bernarnd Osher Foundation
8,0
Research on chronic pain
The Lundblad Family donation
5,0
Cognitive neuroscience focusing on aging of the healthy brain
Stichting af Jochnick Foundation
5,0
Scientific research, primarily on cancer
Sune and Charlotta Hays Foundation
4,4
Cancer research
Ella Larsson Family Trust
3,6
Stem cell research
Birgitta Carlberg's estate
3,6
Research in gastroenterology and hepatology
Ruth and Richard Julin Foundation
2,4
Research in neurology
Per Alrickson's estate
2,1
Research in haematology
Dr Åke Olsson Foundation
2,0
Investor's Professorship in Innovative Care
Investor AB
2,0
Support for Sten Eirik Jacobsen's research
The Tobias Foundation
2,0
Support for Igor Adameyko's research
The Bertil Hållsten Research Foundation
2,0
Support for young Assistant Professors
The Bertil Hållsten Research Foundation
2,0
15,1
KI’s foundation management There are 173 (178) associated foundations that issue annual accounts and reports that are separate to that of KI. One (3) new foundation was established in 2016 with an asset value of SEK 3.7 million. Six foundations were closed following a decision by either the Swedish Legal, Financial and Administrative Services Agency or KI’s Board of Research that all of the assets may be released with the aim of fulfilling each foundation’s purpose. New donations totalling SEK 13.4 million (4.1 million) were invested in existing foundations. The value of the foundations’ assets, SEK 1,794 million, increased by SEK 112 million, or 6.7 per cent, compared with 2015, after dividends but including new donations. The foundation value at year end consisted of Swedish shares 21 per cent (19 per cent), foreign shares 44 per cent (42 per cent), hedge funds 18 per cent (19 per cent), interest-bearing securities 17 per cent (18 per cent) and cash and cash equivalents 0 per cent (2 per cent). During the year, SEK 56.8 million (28.8 million) was distributed to KI from the foundations, SEK 5.6 million (2.9 million) of which consisted of released restricted assets. The purpose and direction of the grant is determined by the aim of each foundation. For foundations with associated administration, KI received remuneration of SEK 1.6 million (SEK 1.4 million) for administrative costs.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
Foundations (SEK million) Asset value Grants awarded
2013
2014
2015
2016
1,398
1,605
1,683
1,794
29.6
32.7
28.8
56.8
Associated foundations
173 57
FINANCIAL REPORT
Statement of financial performance (SEK in thousands)
Operating revenue Direct government funding Fees and other remuneration Grants Financial income
Outcome
Outcome
01/01/2016
01/01/2015
31/12/2016
31/12/2015
2,866,622
2,803,083
737,684
717,751
3,025,029
2,882,354
37,290
71,358
6,666,625
6,474,547
-3,461,875
-3,359,431
-755,257
-753,922
-2,088,467
-2,017,193
Financial costs
-28,294
-19,459
Depreciation
-244,452
-244,163
-6,578,346
-6,394,167
Operating profit/loss
88,279
80,379
Profit/loss from holdings in associated companies and subsidiaries
-10,315
-4,472
1,849
2,279
-1,818
-2,277
31
2
17,974 56,245
17,675 68,869
130,588 -204,807 0
136,119 -222,664 0
77,995
75,909
Total revenue Operating expenses Staff costs Premises costs Other operating expenses
Total expenses
Collection of general revenue Revenue from fees etc. and other revenue not at the authority’s disposal General revenue transferred to the Government budget Balance Transfers Funding received from the Government budget for the financing of grants Funding received from Government agencies for the financing of grants Other funding received for the financing of grants Grants distributed Balance
CHANGE IN CAPITAL FOR THE YEAR
58
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
FINANCIAL REPORT
Balance sheet (SEK in thousands) ASSETS
31/12/2016
31/12/2015
Capitalised expenditure for development
3,054
4,346
Rights and other intangible fixed assets
5,565
6,634
8,619
10,980
46,542
31,557
Machinery, equipment, installations etc.
704,733
783,715
Fixed assets under construction
225,944
110,140
977,219
925,412
Intangible fixed assets
Total intangible fixed assets Tangible fixed assets Expenditure for improvements to leased property
Total tangible fixed assets Financial fixed assets Holdings in associated companies and subsidiaries
34,813
44,127
581,503
640,932
616,316
685,060
Accounts receivable
183,844
154,146
Receivables from other Government agencies
138,447
109,701
348
1,364
322,639
265,211
Prepaid expenses
169,584
164,070
Accrued grant revenue
407,723
332,012
Other accrued revenue
17,740
9,973
595,047
506,055
-287
-399
-287
-399
3,583,342
3,617,853
146,261
176,151
Total cash and bank balances
3,729,603
3,794,004
TOTAL ASSETS
6,249,156
6,186,323
Other long-term securities holdings Total financial fixed assets Receivables
Other receivables Total receivables Cut-off items
Total cut-off items Settlement with the Government Settlement with the Government Total settlement with the Government Cash and bank balances Balance of the interest-bearing account at the Swedish National Debt Office Cash and bank
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
59
FINANCIAL REPORT
Balance sheet (SEK in thousands) CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES
31/12/2016
31/12/2015
6,238
5,238
39,127
43,599
1,390,391
1,310,010
77,995
75,909
1,513,752
1,434,757
2,995
3,562
Agency capital Government capital Shares of earnings in associated companies and subsidiaries Capital brought forward Change in capital according to the statement of financial performance Total agency capital Provisions Provisions for pensions and similar obligations Other provisions
34,259
33,214
37,254
36,776
Loans at the Swedish National Debt Office
602,730
612,091
Liabilities to other Government agencies
140,077
139,429
Accounts payable
277,459
262,277
Other liabilities
135,415
205,664
Total liabilities etc.
1,155,681
1,219,462
138,796
139,102
3,107,279
3,062,310
296,393
293,916
Total cut-off items
3,542,468
3,495,328
TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES
6,249,156
6,186,323
76,087 76,087
84,062 84,062
Total provisions Liabilities etc.
Cut-off items Accrued expenses Unexpended grants Other prepaid revenue
Contingent liabilities Other contingent liabilities Total contingent liabilities
60
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
APPENDIX
Table 1 Number of first-choice applicants per admitted student 2013
2014
per % admitted women
2016
2015
per % admitted women
per % admitted women
per % admitted women
Beginner’s programmes Occupational therapy Audiology Biomedical laboratory science Physiotherapy
1.5 2.6 1.3 3.5
88 77 79 65
1.6 3.1 1.3 4.0
83 80 83 63
1.7 3.1 1.4 4.2
87 68 73 63
1.4 2.3 1.3 4.0
83 78 77 63
Biomedicine
0.6
61
0.9
67
1.2
60
2.0
59
Speech and language pathology
4.5
91
2.5
90
3.1
87
2.9
89
Medicine
6.8
58
7.8
58
8.0
59
7.8
60
Optometry
2.0
76
1.8
83
1.8
85
2.0
82
Psychology
6.0
72
6.1
68
5.6
75
5.6
73
Radiography
2.3
72
2.2
80
1.9
73
2.2
75
Nursing
3.2
88
3.1
86
3.2
84
2.6
85
Dental hygiene
5.4
93
4.1
90
5.0
93
4.6
91
Dentistry
4.6
69
4.4
70
4.5
68
4.1
72
Midwifery
5.0
100
3.6
100
2.8
100
2.4
99
Psychotherapy
1.4
83
1.6
81
1.3
88
2.0
78
Specialist nursing
2.0
87
1.7
86
2.0
86
1.5
86
Odontological prophylactics
1.0
93
1.2
95
1.1
100
1.2
93
MSc (1 year) – Work and health
1.4
95
-
1.5
87
-
Continuation programmes
MSc (1 year) – Diagnostic cytology
-
-
-
2.5
80
3.6
73
MSc (1 year) – Global health
3.8
68
5.0
78
3.5
78
MSc (1/2 year) – Clin. medical science
2.3
81
1.7
82
1.2
84
-
MSc (1 year) – Clinical optometry
1.4
91
1.5
86
1.3
86
1.2
MSc (1/2 year) – Medical education
1.0
59
-
1.1
64
-
MSc (2 year) – Bioentrepreneurship
1.1
63
1.2
49
1.3
58
2.2
56
MSc (2 year) – Biomedicine
2.7
60
2.3
62
2.0
67
2.9
61
MSc (2 year) – Public health sciences
1.4
73
1.9
63
1.4
65
3.1
53
MSc (2 year) – Health informatics
1.2
61
1.5
40
1.4
57
0.8
46
1.1
64
1.0
62
2.0
61
3.2
72
3.0
73
3.1
72
MSc (2 year) – Toxicology Total
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
3.1
75
81
61
APPENDIX
Table 2 First-year students registered for term 1 2013
2014
total
% women
total
% women
92 25 101 149
89 68 81 63
95 18 82 151
86 89 83 58
97 21 77 145
Biomedicine
77
68
79
70
Speech and language pathology
33
82
47
87
320
49
334
Optometry
59
75
Psychology
85
59
Radiography
57
Beginner’s programmes Occupational therapy Audiology Biomedical laboratory science Physiotherapy
Medicine
Nursing
2016
2015 % total women
total
% women
87 67 71 62
101 23 76 140
88 78 80 67
73
71
63
67
37
89
50
80
49
329
55
328
51
58
83
56
86
61
75
78
71
90
64
84
73
70
46
80
56
70
42
69
354
86
343
86
345
83
344
86
Dental hygiene
45
98
49
88
47
91
48
85
Dentistry
96
65
94
63
95
63
97
70
Midwifery
67
100
66
100
80
100
87
99
Psychotherapy
16
88
15
80
19
95
17
76
Continuation programmes
Specialist nursing
647
89
576
87
574
89
634
88
Odontological prophylactics
23
87
14
100
26
100
17
82
MSc (1 year) – Work and health
90
96
-
81
90
-
-
-
-
20
75
31
65
35
77
32
75 30
MSc (1 year) – Diagnostic cytology
-
31
71
MSc (1 year) – Public health in disasters
15
53
7
86
12
58
10
MSc (1/2 year) – Clin. medical science
83
82
85
80
78
86
-
-
MSc (1 year) – Clinical optometry
20
90
27
85
25
92
24
75
MSc (1/2 year) – Medical education
37
62
-
37
62
-
-
MSc (2 year) – Bioentrepreneurship
25
60
32
59
38
66
30
53
MSc (2 year) – Biomedicine
39
72
38
61
37
78
39
72
MSc (2 year) – Public health sciences
43
81
63
57
59
80
50
64
MSc (2 year) – Health informatics
34
50
34
38
28
68
34
56
MSc (2 year) – Molecular tech. in life sc.
-
-
6
50
22
45
MSc (2 year) – Toxicology
-
30
57
27
67
22
64
2,492
75
2,630
77
2,495
76
Total
62
-
MSc (1 year) – Global health
2,663
77
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
APPENDIX
Table 3 Full-time equivalent students (FTEs) 2013
2014
2016
2015
total
% women
total
% women
Beginner’s programmes Occupational therapy Audiology Biomedical laboratory science Public health sciences Physiotherapy
213 48 205 38 357
89 70 82 92 67
224 55 205 14 370
88 70 84 90 67
231 58 204 0 365
88 72 82 64
236 51 196 361
88 78 81
Biomedicine
158
65
157
69
172
71
164
71
Speech and language pathology
111
90
108
90
116
88
116
86
Medicine
% total women
total
% women
64
1,591
54
1,667
53
1,651
53
1,635
52
Optometry
110
85
127
82
130
81
141
83
Psychology
285
68
300
68
320
69
320
70
Radiography
114
78
112
80
110
76
101
71
Nursing
788
85
792
87
806
88
768
86
82
94
85
95
89
92
84
91
412
65
433
65
443
66
425
69
19
79
5
89
-
-
-
-
101
100
101
100
111
100
117
100
Dental hygiene Dentistry Dental technology Continuation programmes Midwifery Psychotherapy
21
82
20
82
17
82
23
84
458
91
456
89
447
89
455
88
Odontological prophylactics
20
94
15
88
16
100
22
94
MSc (1 year) – Work and health
34
95
31
97
36
95
33
90
7
80
0
-
-
-
9
74
25
77
24
75
22
77
23
79
-
-
2
81
3
100
3
83
MSc (1/2 year) – Clin. medical science
71
83
74
82
71
83
47
83
MSc (1 year) – Clinical optometry
23
89
22
87
27
88
23
84
MSc (1/2 year) – Medical education
16
76
15
74
15
73
13
58
MSc (2 year) – Bioentrepreneurship
35
64
41
63
46
61
52
62
MSc (2 year) – Biomedicine
68
61
69
65
70
66
67
71
MSc (2 year) – Public health sciences
68
84
65
85
75
78
76
77
MSc (2 year) – Health informatics
29
39
27
49
22
56
22
71
-
-
2
60
5
47
Specialist nursing
MSc (1 year) – Diagnostic cytology MSc (1 year) – Global health MSc (1 year) – Public health in disasters
MSc (2 year) – Molecular tech. in life sc. MSc (2 year) – Toxicology Single subject courses Total
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
19
49
19
53
26
66
35
72
488
80
341
78
362
78
351
80
6,014
73
5,978
72
6,062
72
5,973
72
63
APPENDIX
Tabell 4 Full-time equivalent students (FTEs) and annual performance equivalents (APEs) 2013
2014
FTE
APE
%*
FTE
APE
Beginner’s programmes Occupational therapy Audiology Biomedical laboratory science Public health sciences Physiotherapy
213 48 205 38 357
204 45 185 45 360
96 93 90 119 101
224 55 205 14 370
Biomedicine
158
136
86
Speech and language pathology
111
105
95
1,591 1,500
94
Medicine
2016
2015
FTE
APE
%*
FTE
APE
%*
217 97 55 100 186 90 17 122 355 96
231 58 204 0 365
216 54 184 2 338
94 94 90 93
236 51 196 361
222 47 185 348
94 92 94 96
157
141
90
172
142
82
164
151
92
108
101
93
116
109
94
116
104
90
%*
96 1,635 1,552
95
110
101
92
127
114
89
130
121
93
141
137
98
0
2
-
0
1
-
0
2
-
-
-
-
Psychology
285
270
95
300
276
92
320
290
91
320
304
95
Radiography
114
106
93
112
114 102
109
91
83
101
97
96
Nursing Dental hygiene
788 82
713 72
90 88
792 85
745 70
94 82
806 89
733 75
91 84
768 84
709 92 97 116
Dentistry
412
363
88
433
396
91
443
416
94
425
394
93
19
20
109
5
7 139
-
-
-
-
-
-
101
96
96
101
94
93
111
102
92
117
108
93
21
20
95
20
18
88
17
16
93
23
21
90
458
409
89
456
423
93
447
409
91
455
404
89
Odontological prophylactics
20
25
125
15
13
88
16
9
54
22
21
96
MSc (1 year) – Work and health
34
22
64
31
36 117
36
28
79
33
32
99
4
45
Optometry Medical informatics
Dental technology
1,667 1,660 100
1,651 1,583
Continuation programmes Midwifery Psychotherapy Specialist nursing
MSc (1 year) – Diagnostic cytology
7
8
109
0
0
-
-
-
-
9
25
27
106
24
22
-
22
19
87
23
MSc (1 year) – Public health in disasters
-
-
-
2
2
94
3
3 104
3
MSc (1/2 year) – Clin. medical science MSc (1 year) – Clinical optometry
71 23
72 24
102 104
74 22
69 21
93 96
71 27
65 91 28 104
47 23
58 123 22 94
MSc (1/2 year) – Medical education
16
12
75
15
14
97
15
14
94
13
13 102
MSc (2 year) – Bioentrepreneurship
35
30
86
41
41 100
46
39
84
52
55 105
MSc (2 year) – Biomedicine
68
66
97
69
65
95
70
67
96
67
68 101
MSc (2 year) – Public health sciences
68
69
102
65
60
92
75
70
94
76
76 100
MSc (2 year) – Health informatics
29
28
96
27
29 106
22
22
98
22
20
91
-
-
-
-
2
1
43
5
4
86
19
23
120
19
35
32
91
488
429
88
341
351
247
70
6,014 5,589
93
5,973 5,558
93
MSc (1 year) – Global health
MSc (2 year) – Molecular tech. in life sc. MSc (2 year) – Toxicology Single subject courses Total
*Performance
64
-
-
20 107 233
5,978 5,613
26
20
362
268
74
94 6,062 5,534
91
68
79
24 105 2
92
indicator
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
APPENDIX
Table 5 Degrees 2013
Professional qualifications Occupational therapy Audiology Midwifery Biomedical lab science Physiotherapy Speech and language pathology Medicine Optometry Psychology Psychotherapy Radiography Nursing Specialist nursing Dental hygiene Dentistry Dental technology Total professional qualifications
2014
2016
2015
total
% women
total
% women
% total women
52 10 56 57 108 30 219 31 32 21 23 113 378 39 70 17 1,256
96 80 98 84 69 90 59 90 75 81 74 90 90 92 63 59 80
66 15 65 53 108 30 240 26 36 12 38 226 397 33 76 11 1,432
83 67 100 89 68 100 56 88 67 83 84 81 91 94 70 91 80
71 17 64 65 101 21 292 38 47 13 33 237 439 46 94 1,578
89 71 100 85 77 95 56 87 72 77 88 89 90 100 61 80
64 21 73 61 112 23 262 34 54 9 50 229 375 42 70 1,479
100 82
3 422
67 85
470
85
total
% women
92 67 100 89 64 87 55 74 76 78 82 90 91 90 59 80
General qualifications University diplomas BSc
464
86
1 488
MSc (1 year) Work and health Biomedical lab science Global health Clinical medical science Medical teaching and training Optometry Radiography Other main subjects
15 3 27 43 4 20 7 177
100 100 70 81 50 90 71 89
19 1 30 70 2 21 4 283
95 0 70 84 100 90 50 90
43 3 30 68 13 23 5 484
95 67 70 81 77 83 100 88
13 2 34 68 4 25 3 408
100 100 76 76 50 92 67 91
3 30 51 14 7 1 3 4 11 3 4
67 57 78 36 86 100 100 100 82 33 100
19 34 43 19 11 3 4 21 11 21 1
58 50 86 42 91 100 100 52 91 57 100
18 33 41 18 11 3 5 7 10 2 4
78 73 76 56 82 100 100 100 60 0 100
29 30 59 23 6 1 5 17 19 1
52 60 59 35 67 100 100 71 58 0
Master’s qualifications Bioentrepreneurship Biomedicine Public health Health informatics Clinical medical science Speech and language pathology Medical teaching and training Dentistry Psychology Toxicology Broad MSc (1 year) Total general qualifications
891
84
1,106
82
1,246
85
1,217
82
Total qualifications awarded
2,147
82
2,538
81
2,824
82
2,696
81
Total graduates
1,758
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
1,964
2,105
1,946
65
APPENDIX
Table 6 Revenue 2016, largest sources of funding, SEK million Research councils The Swedish Research Council Forte Formas Government agencies Royal Institute of Technology Sweden's Innovation Agency The National Board of Health and Welfare Kammarkollegiet Stockholm University The Swedish Armed Forces The Public Health Agency of Sweden Uppsala University Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency The Swedish Institute Organisations and foundations The Wallenberg Foundations The Swedish Cancer Society The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research The Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation The Erling-Persson Family Foundation Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Foundations Karolinska Institutet Foundations The Swedish Brain Foundation The Swedish Society of Medicine
66
828,6 133,4 26,1
151,7 32,0 28,8 26,9 14,1 12,0 9,5 8,6 7,3 6,9
186,8 152,0 102,3 76,1 63,0 59,9 59,2 41,5 25,3 14,4
County & municipal councils Stockholm County Council Västra Götaland County Council Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions Companies AstraZeneca AFA Insurance Pfizer Johnson & Johnson Novo Nordisk UCB Pharma KI Science Park Genius Biotechnology Ferring Pharmaceuticals Biogen Idec Foreign organisations and foundations European Union (EU) National Institutes of Health (NIH) The Novo Nordisk Foundation CHDI Foundation Stichting af Jochnick Foundation Ming Wai Lau OECD Aarhus University Hospital University of North Carolina Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
403,1 3,8 3,0
160,8 29,1 18,9 17,3 12,1 11,9 11,3 9,8 9,1 8,5
238,1 28,2 23,0 14,8 11,7 11,5 9,1 7,5 7,2 7,1
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
67
THE UNIVERSITY BOARD
The University Board 2017
Mikael Odenberg Chair. Member.
Karin Dahlman-Wright Acting Vice-Chancellor. Member.
Lisa Sennerby Forsse Deputy Chair. Member.
Anders Ekbom Acting Pro-Vice-Chancellor. Co-opted member.
Per Bengtsson Chief rapporteur
Torkel Falkenberg, Union representative, Saco-S 1
Anna Karlsson Member
Sofia Heidenberg Member
Elias Arnér Member
Anne Edgren Union representative, OFR 2
1 The 2
68
Swedish Confederation of Professional Associations, Civil Servant section. Public Employees’ Negotiation Council.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
THE UNIVERSITY BOARD
Max Kynning Member
Lena von Koch Member
Göran Stiernstedt Member
Marianne Lundius Member
Björn Stensaker Member
Liselotte Højgaard Member
Jonas Milton Member
Photos: Erik Cronberg.
Stephanie Ammerman Member
Benedek Bozoky Member
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
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THE UNIVERSITY BOARD
Resolution on the annual report and assessment of internal control The University Board hereby resolves to submit the annual report for 2016. We confirm that the annual report provides a true and fair impression of the authority’s results, costs, revenue and of the agency’s financial position. We judge that deficiencies exist in the authority’s internal control with respect to the following1; •
Identifying and evaluating risks
Stockholm, 20 February 2017
Mikael Odenberg, Chair
Karin Dahlman-Wright, Acting Vice-Chancellor
Lisa Sennerby Forsse, Deputy Chair
Stephanie Ammerman
Elias Arnér
Benedek Bozoky
Sofia Heidenberg
Liselotte Højgaard
Anna Karlsson
Lena von Koch
Max Kynning
Marianne Lundius
Jonas Milton
Björn Stensaker
Göran Stiernstedt
1 See
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also the concluding assessment in section Karolinska Institutet in brief, Internal control.
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Design: Sofia Lindberg | Print: TMG Tabergs AB 2017
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ISBN: 978-91-85681-88-4
A
Karolinska Institutet’s Annual Report 2016 Compiled by: The Central Administration, Karolinska Institutet Published by: The Communication and Public Relations Office, Karolinska Institutet SE-171 77 Stockholm ki.se
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