Prague
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I 2 4 6
the sis state me nt re se arch case studie s
VOLUME II 2 4 6 8
site + inspiratio n conce pt + proc es s de sign deve lop men t finishe s + furnitu re
R EF LEC TION 2 4
aknow le dge men t s source s
4
VOL I.
the Research
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1: THESIS STATE ME N T 2 4 6 8
inspiration imager y surrounding area site map airport map
PART 2: RESEARC H 2 4 6
conce pt state m en t ge ome tr y studies proce ss ske tches
PART 3: CASE STUD IE S 2 4 6 8
e ntr y se curit y gate s + conce s s ion s baggage claim
P A RT I :
Thesis Statements
THESIS STATEMENT Designing the airport for increased accessibility through the means of wayfinding, universal design and increased technology to improve passenger experience.
PROBLEM STATEMENT This thesis is a proposed design for a 100,000 square foot international airport located in Prague, Czech Republic. The site is the existing Prague Vaclav Havel Airport which is approximately 11 miles to the Prague City Center and is being redesigned for the Czech Republic National Government in response to a need for updated infrastructure, increased public safety and health measures, and the incorporation of new technological advancements. The airport contains two floors which will explore design within several areas including passenger specific areas, airline transportation centers and security check-points. These areas will focus on increasing accessibility and ease of movement to improve passenger experience and efficiency.
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GOALS + OBJECTIVES
Improve Passenger Experience use wayfinding symbols and color specific design tools for each terminal to allow for ease of movement for passengers. Provide each terminal with specific wayfinding and colors in order to easily find your gate or point of interest regardless of language.
Increase Speed Through Terminal
increase security measures and decrease navigation time through means of biometric screening to promote enhanced passenger experience. Biometric screening allows for ease of travel by cutting down security wait time and the stress of going through security measures.
Increase Level of Technology implement technology including wayfinding techniques, passenger recognition, and customer service devices. These will be implemented through Bluetooth enabled technology dots combined with an app to be guided through a terminal. A robot will be beta tested in the terminal to allow for enhanced customer experience and wayfinding assistance.
Implement Sustainable Materials
implement WELL Building Standards in the categories of: air, mind, comfort, and light. LEED Building standards including: materials and resources, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, indoor environmental quality, and innovation will be implemented to promote sustainability and education about the environment.
Use Covid-19 Practices for Safety
Implement CDC Guidelines following the COVID-19 Pandemic to promote user safety and regain trust of airline passengers. Decisions will be made following the guidelines but will allow for flexibility for the future.
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THESIS TOPIC + RESEARCH
Wayfinding
Looking specifically at wayfinding, I will be focusing on how to effectively guide users through the airport with a language barrier. Being an international airport, the Prague Halclav airport services more international flights than domestic, meaning that there is a greater language distribution.
Key Factors
LEGIBILITY - Signs should have a processing time between 5 - 8 seconds - Suggested 40 - 75% is the limit for area covered on a sign - Serif Fonts aid in legibility, but data suggests that there is not a significant difference - Contrast aids in legibility and processing time
C O N S P I C U I T Y + I L L U M I N AT I O N - Influenced by the visual complexity of the ambient environment - Glare or too much illumination can cause visual discomfort - Illumination is highly recommended in night or places with access to daylight at night
S U R R O U N D I N G E N V I R O N M E N TA L I N F L U E N C E S - Daytime vs. nighttime impacts legibility distance - Complex surrounding environments lowers legibility distance and processing
Sources
Kilic, Didem Kan, and Ipek Kastas Uzun. “A Research Approach to the Wayfinding Behavior of Airport User.” The Value of Design Research , 24 Apr. 2015, ead.yasar.edu.tr/wp-content/ uploads/2017/02/EAD-11-DKK-IKU-Revised.pdf. Symonds, Paul. “Wayfinding Signage Considerations in International Airports.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Signage and Wayfinding, vol. 1, no. 2, 2017, p. 60., doi:10.15763/ijsw.v1i2.10.
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Technology Implementation I will be specifically focusing on using biometric screening to speed up security screening and boarding process’. In addition, I would also like to research an app to heighten the user experience and make it easier to navigate throughout the airport. In addition, to those measures I will also explore including technology throughout the airport including interactive touch screens and possibly AI Robots.
Key Factors
BIOMETRIC SCREENING - Guarantees accurate and convenient services at the same time in an efficient manner - Implementation relies on Airport Managers and passenger intention to use the technology - Privacy concerns could be overturned with Sustainable airport terminal practices + benefits - Reducing screening time through Biometrics would boast passenger convenience and increase travel
R O B OTS - Can provide key assistance in boarding terminals where staff is normally not located - Human interaction can be beneficial when in a stressful situation, shy people will be geared towards the technology interaction
Sources de Graeff, J.C. “Innovating Airport Passenger Terminals: Determining the Feasibility of New Terminal Concepts Based on Seamless Flow Technology.” TU Delft Repositories, 1 Jan. 1970, repository. tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:4db140e9-253e-4a86-b0b1-3579a16da69d?collection= education. Kim, Cheong, et al. “The Intention of Passengers towards Repeat Use of Biometric Security for Sustainable Airport Management.” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 11, 2020, p. 4528., doi:10.3390/su12114528. Negri, Nathane Ana Rosa, et al. “Acceptance of Biometric Technology in Airport Check-In.” Journal of Air Transport Management, vol. 81, 2019, p. 101720., doi:10.1016/j.jairtraman.2019.101720. Wilkinson, Christer J. “Airport Staff Access Control: Biometrics at Last?” 2018 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST), 2018, doi:10.1109/ ccst.2018.8585592.
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P A R T II:
Research
PLAN PROTOTYPES
12' - 0" 12' - 12' 0" - 0"
ALL PROTOTYPES AT 3/32”=1’-0” SCALE
16' - 0" 16' - 0" 16' 16' -16' 0"- -0" 0"
63' 63'- 0 - 01/16" 1/16" 63' - 0 1/16" 63' - 0- 0 1/16" 63' 1/16"
Check in:1,000 sq ft
34' 34'- 0" - 0" 34' - 0" 34' - 0" 34' - 0"
20' - 0" 20' - 0" 20' 20' -20' 0"- -0" 0"
25' - 0" 25' - 0" 25' 25' -25' 0"- -0" 0"
62' - 0" 62' - 62' 0" - 0"
20' 20'- 0" - 0" 20' - 0" 20' - 0" 20' - 0"
CHECK CHECK- -IN - IN INKIOSKS: KIOSKS:400 400SQ SQFT FTEACH EACH[4] [4] GATE EACH GATEAREA: AREA:850 850SQ SQFT FT EACH[26] [26] 850 sq ft CHECK KIOSKS: 400 SQ FT EACH [4] Check in Kiosks: 400 sq ft Gate Area: GATE AREA: 850 SQ FT EACH [26] CHECK - IN KIOSKS: 400 SQ FT EACH [4] CHECK - IN KIOSKS: 400 SQ FT EACH [4] GATE AREA: 850 SQ FTFT EACH [26] GATE AREA: 850 SQ EACH [26] 25' 15' 25'- 0" - 0" 15'- 4" - 4" 25' - 0" 15' - 4" 15' - 4" 15' - 4"
16' - 0" 16' - 0" 16' 16' -16' 0"- -0" 0"
16' - 0" 16' - 0" 16' 16' -16' 0"- -0" 0"
25' - 0" 25' - 0"
10' 10'- 0" - 0" 10' - 0" 10' - 0" 10' - 0"
CONCESSIONS: CONCESSIONS:GRAB GRAB++ +GO GO400 400SQ SQFT FT CONCESSIONS: GRAB GO 400 SQ FT CONCESSIONS: GRAB ++ GO 400 SQ FTFT CONCESSIONS: GRAB GO 400 SQ
Concessions Version 1:400 sq ft
Level Level11 1 Level 1 16 11 3/32" 3/32" =1'-0" 1'-0" Level 1= 1= 3/32" 1'-0" 1 1 Level 3/32" 3/32"==1'-0" 1'-0"
CONCESSIONS: CONCESSIONS:BAR BAR400 400SQ SQFT FT CONCESSIONS: BAR 400 SQ FT CONCESSIONS: BAR 400 SQ FTFT CONCESSIONS: BAR 400 SQ
Concessions Version 2:400 sq ft
62' - 0"
12' - 0"
40' - 0"
26] 10' - 0"
Baggage Claim:2,500 sq ft
BAGGAGE CLAIM: 2500 SQ FT EACH [4]
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CODE ANALYSIS O C C U PA N T C L A S S I F I C AT I O N : A S S E M B L Y A - 3 AREA
OCCUPANCY FACTOR
SQUARE FOOTAGE
OCCUPANT LOAD
BAGGAGE CLAIM
20 GROSS
10,000 SQ FT
500 OCCUPANTS
BAGGAGE HANDLING
300 GROSS
12,000 SQ FT
40 OCCUPANTS
CONCOURSE
100 GROSS
36,400 SQ FT
364 OCCUPANTS
WAITING AREA
15 GROSS
22,600 SQ FT
1,506 OCCUPANTS
T O TA L N U M B E R O F O C C U PA N T S : 2 , 410 O C C U PA N T S Diagonal Egress: D = 250’ 1/2D = 125’ Fire Rated Stair Exits Maximum Distance apart: 250’ This building is Sprinklered Maximum Travel Distance is 75’ Maximum Dead End Corridor: 90’
Plumbing WATER CLOSETS LAVATORIES WATER FOUNTAINS SERVICE SINKS
MEN 5 3 3 1
FEMALE 5 3
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
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Thermal Control
Constant passenger movement allows for warm/cold air to easily pass to the exterior of the building, air locks and efficient HVAC systems are needed, multitude of passengers means that the ideal temperature is needed [68 - 76 degrees Fahrenheit]
Acoustics
Tall ceiling heights and vast wide - open space means that acoustical rest will be needed in the space, an access of acoustical solutions should be placed throughout
Indoor Air Quality
From COVID-19 regulations, HVAC systems that are constantly regulated are needed in order to prevent the spread of disease and infection from the thousands of people entering into the space
ADJACENCY MATRIX
Square Footages + Space Allocations Entrance Check - In Kiosk Baggage Drop Staff Service Desk Airport Facilities Baggage Circulation Staff Support Staff Check - In Security TSA Staff Support Concessions Gates [26] Info Center Boarding Pass Control Customs Baggage Claim VIP Lounge Boarding Space Restrooms TOTAL:
1,000 sq ft 2,600 sq ft 1,000 sq ft 4,000 sq ft 3,000 sq ft 3,000 sq ft 3,000 sq ft 3,000 sq ft 11,000 sq ft 2,000 sq ft 14,000 sq ft 20,000 sq ft 100 sq ft 200 sq ft 8,000 sq ft 10,000 sq ft 7,500 sq ft 4,600 sq ft 2,000 sq ft 100,000 SQ FT
MAIN CONCOURSE DEPARTURES ARRIVALS STAFF
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ADA CONSIDERATIONS
Door Clearances:
front approach, pull side
PUSH SIDE: 12” PULL SIDE: 18” ADA DOOR WIDTH: 36”
front approach, push side
Restrooms
seat height + grab bars
toilet compartment
Turning Clearances:
Clearances Floor Space:
forward 20
backward
toilet paper dispenser
LEED + WELL CONSIDERATIONS
Leed Implementations: Leed Version V4.1 T E N A N T D E S I G N + C O N ST R U C T I O N G U I D E L I N E S - Educating Tenants [specifically the concessions tenants] on sustainable design and construction to implement into their designs I N D O O R WAT E R U S E R E D U C T I O N - Reducing water consumption through the use of signage and water efficient toilets and sinks WAT E R M E T E R I N G - Tracking water consumption and use while displaying usage statistics to the public MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE - Reducing energy consumption and providing higher efficient energy options BUILDING-LEVEL ENERGY METERING - Tracking energy consumption and use while displaying usage statistics to the public OPTIMIZE ENERGY PERFORMANCE - Reducing energy consumption and providing higher efficient energy options ST O R A G E + C O L L E C T I O N O F R E C Y C L A B L E S - Providing multiple recyclable receptacles throughout the space to encourage recycling MINIMUM INDOOR AIR QUALITY PERFORMANCE - Providing cleaner air through energy efficient means L O W E M I T T I N G M AT E R I A L S - Specifying materials that were sustainability sources and low-emitting for VOC’s D AY L I G H T + Q U A L I T Y V I E W S - Providing users with significant access to daylight and a connection to nature to improve their wellbeing
Well Implementations: Well 2020 Q3 Version NOURISHMENT - Providing healthy options and information about healthy eating specifically in the concessions LIGHT - Including circadian light design, reducing glare, and enhanced lighting design COMFORT - Accessible design, ergonomics, thermal comfort, and acoustical considerations
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Survey Organized and Conducted with Julia Sorenson + Angelica Hoelzli
+ Focused on sustainability and its effects on human behavior with regards to signage and one’s overall perception of the space + Released a study that contained 10 questions inquiring about participants’ view of sustainability and the implementation of sustainable measures within a space and how that relates to one’s perception and behavior + Study involved 40 participants ranging in age from 19-56
Responses H OW L I K E LY A R E YO U TO B E I N F L U E N C E BY S I G N AG E ? Question was distributed in a multiple answer choice format, possible answers included: Very Likely - I will take the stairs Unaffected - Would not sway my decision Not Likely - I would still take the elevator or my original decision Other - please specify
Out of 40 responses - 25 [64.1%] participants said that signage pointing to or encouraging using the stairs would influence their decision. H O W L I K E L Y I S I T T H AT A S U STA I N A B L Y D E S I G N E D E N V I R O N M E N T W I L L AFFECT YOUR OVERALL SENSE OF WELLBEING? Question was distributed in a multiple answer choice format, possible answers included: Positive Perception - Feeling of safety and security Neutral Effect - Typically disregard Negative Effect - Sense of Uncomfort Other - please specify
Out of 40 responses - 37 [92.5%] participants said that sustainably designed spaces would positively affect their wellbeing in a space. Also of note: no Negative Effect responses.
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D O Y O U T H I N K T H AT C I R C A D I A N L I G H T I N G W O U L D H AV E A P O S I T I V E I M PA C T O N Y O U R E X P E R I E N C E A N D E N E R G Y L E V E L S ? Question was distributed in a multiple answer choice format, possible answers included: Very Likely - I would have more energy + would benefit Unaffected - I would probably not notice Not Likely - Would do the opposite/not affect my energy levels Other - please specify
Out of 40 responses - 32 [80%] participants said that circadian lighting would improve their day. Also of note: no negative responses. I F T H E R E W E R E I N F O R M A L R E S O U R C E S I N A S PA C E D E S C R I B I N G T H E S U STA I N A B I L I T Y M E A S U R E S F O U N D I N T H E S PA C E , H O W I N T E R E ST E D W O U L D YOU BE IN LEARNING MORE? Question was distributed in a multiple answer choice format, possible answers included: Very Likely - I would be interested in reading the information Neutral Effect - I might glance at the information Negative Effect - I do not care about sustainability efforts Other - please specify
Out of 40 responses - 24 [60%] participants said that they would read the informational resources if they were supplied. Also of note: 40% were neutral.
Conclusion
Tactile elements (materials and resources) are most important to be sustainable to the public. Also having a high importance are aspects that the user feels they can control or can visibly see is important in creating a sustainable space.
Response:
Allow for the user to be able to visibly see and have some control in sustainable efforts being made. This will further emphasize their willingness to then use these methods in their own lives, to promote and teach environmentally conscious decisions. Sustainably designed spaces can change a users perception through teaching awareness. 23
SOCIO - ECONOMIC RESEARCH Serving as one of the main connection hubs for Europe, Vaclav Havel Airport is one of the busiest international airports in its region. With three terminals serving over 71 airlines, the Prague airport has seen an increase in passenger traffic and flights within the past decade. Within the past year, Vaclav Havel has experienced a 6% increase in the total number of passengers and flights. The airport experienced a million more passengers than the previous year which provides its 6% increase totaling to over 17,800,000 million passengers. While the total number of passengers has increased, the number of flights surprisingly decreased. This is due to the increase in long-haul flights leaving from Havel with a higher occupancy rate. With over 15 long-haul flights in Havel’s schedule, two more additional long-haul flights have been added traveling to Chicago and Hanoi. In addition, in 2019, Havel saw an increase in revenue and flights due to the addition of United joining its list of operating airlines. In 2019, Havel experienced a total of 154,777 flights coming to and from the airport, with most of those flights being to international locations. Breaking down the passengers, 8,170,393 were local passengers coming from the Prague regional area and bordering countries. Transfer passengers totaled 178,994 for Havel’s traffic, meaning that most of Prague’s passengers come from the surrounding area. This data shows that the majority of transit happening in the Havel airport comes from the regional population traveling to international destinations.
Flight Destinations Flight Locations
AMSTERDAM [759,011]
INTERNATIONAL FLIGHTS
INTERNATIONAL PASSENGERS
CHARLES DE GAULLE [740,439]
[148,360]
[17,800,844]
MOSCOW [696,232]
DOMESTIC FLIGHTS
DOMESTIC PASSENGERS
FRANKFURT [527,836]
[4,150]
[975,451]
DUBAI [469,029]
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Passenger Nationality
Terminal 1
Terminal 1 focuses on international and long-haul flights departing to the UK, Ireland, North America, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. + + + + + +
BRITISH AIRWAYS CSA CZECH AIRLINES DELTA AIRLINES EASYJET EMIRATES KOREAN AIR
Terminal 2 Terminal 2 serves as the domestic terminal with flights departing to countries included in the European Union. + + + + + +
TAP PORTUGAL AIR FRANCE AUSTRIAN AIRLINES KLM LUFTHANSA VUELING
Terminal 3 Terminal 3 is the smallest of terminals within the airport handling cargo and private or chartered flights domestically and internationally.
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PROFESSIONAL INTERVIEWS
Max Blassic
Max Blassic is a commercial pilot flying for Southwest over the past 30 years. Blassic operates out of Baltimore Washington International [BWI] and flies the West Coast route including: California, Phoenix, Seattle and Vegas. Flying for 13 days out of the month, Blassic will travel through 50 airports in any given month. His pilot viewpoint and knowledge, as well as his frequent travel distentions make him an excellent point of reference for this project. INTERVIEW CONDUCTED ON OCTOBER 11, 2020 6 QUESTIONS ASKED . . . . DURATION: 1 HOUR
MAIN TAKE - AWAYS: D E N V E R I N T E R N AT I O N A L A I R P O R T I S O N E O F T H E B E ST P L A N N E D A I R P O R T S I N T E R M S O F T E R M I N A L A N D R U N WAY D E S I G N , I T I S T H E E P I TO M E O F E F F I C I E N C Y
Major Questions: BEING A PILOT, HOW EASY OR DIFFICULT IS IT TO NAVIGATE AND CHECK INTO AN AIRPORT? WHAT WOULD YOU CHANGE ABOUT THE CHECK IN PROCESS STRICTLY RELATED TO STAFF? “There is a giant database where you get a [personal] card that's encrypted with your information, you scan the card, your picture comes up, and verify with two different IDs if it's you. No screening, but there is sometimes random screening. Random screenings have found that there has been flight attendants bringing coke onto the planes. Because of this, there is a lot I would change. There's a lot of loopholes in the system and the government regulates the screening process. Workers on the ramps and tarmacs don’t get screened, because they don’t go onto the actual plane. Someone is going to do something bad sometime soon.”
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WHAT IS ONE THING THAT YOU FIND SUCCESSFUL OR UNSUCCESSFUL ABOUT AIRPORT DESIGN? “A lot of it depends on how many people use that airport per year. Very small airports are convenient. International airports creates backups. Denver has one massive main terminal that everyone goes into. Everyone gets screened there no matter what airline you are on, this creates efficiency. Efficiency in space needed. DCA has eight different terminals, connected by hallways, their footprint is too small. Denver’s massive terminal has connected all the terminals there. Four separate terminals connected by a tram. Dulles was the first one to come up with the theory, Denver perfected it. There was controversy over San Jose asking for more flights. They doubled the landing fees, but you make things cheaper then ask for more flights. Everything gets cheaper the more you do it. Come in with 20 flights instead of 5 flights. Now the airport needs and has more parking because of the mass amount of people. “Southwest Effect” - if you make things cheap and the airline offers more flights, revenue goes up. ”
Tom Small
Tom Small was a customer service airline personnel for many years before becoming a Personnel Administrator. Small worked as the staff member in charge of all personnel FAA required procedural training. Small worked directly with the airport facility owner and was assigned to the planning and operations board during the renovation and addition of the new terminal at DCA. He worked directly with and served as a liaison between US Airways and the airport authority.
INTERVIEW CONDUCTED ON OCTOBER 16, 2020 5 QUESTIONS ASKED . . . . DURATION: 55 MINS
MAIN TAKE - AWAYS: B I O M E T R I C S C R E E N I N G W O U L D B E C R U C I A L TO I M P R OV I N G T H E PA S S E N G E R E X P E R I E N C E , D ATA P R I VA C Y W O U L D B E A C O N C E R N
Major Questions: WHAT IS SOMETHING THAT YOU WOULD CHANGE WHEN IT COMES TO THE DESIGN OF AN AIRPORT? “Airline employees are always on their feet. Materials were selected for the ground are normally very hard. For someone standing on their feet for 6-7 hours of their day, that is hard on their bodies. One thing being a better material and to understand some ways to make the employee work area more forgiving on ergonomics. Understanding shading and glass reflection from outside light, for employees, it is difficult to see what they are doing. Good for user experience, but causes eye strain for employees. Designers should have an appreciation of economics for employee and employee engagement. Another thing is placement of locations for infrastructure. Understanding that good coordination early on between end user and overall developer on where items should go is crucial. In today’s environment, ventilation is huge. Doors are always opening and closing, that poses challenges in summer and winter. Consideration of the interaction between interior and exterior of the building.” WHAT IS SOMETHING THAT YOU WOULD WHEN IT COMES TO WAYFINDING SPECIFICALLY IN THE TERMINALS? “Always used to joke about someone missing a flight because they did not see the sign. When people walk through the doors, common sense gets sucked out of their brain. I think there needs to be signage and wayfinding that is easy to understand, language neutral [to the degree that it can be], and has to be a number system. Try and stay away from using the same numbers with a different terminal number in front of it. Sequential and color specific terminal signage instead of repetitive numbers. With color based signage you know if you are getting to the right place.” 27
P A RT I I I:
Case Studies
CASE STUDY I
Hartsfield-Jackson Airport LOCATION FIRM SQUARE FOOTAGE YEAR BUILT FOCUS
2.2
AT L AN TA, GEORGIA - TERMINAL F ST E VE N S W ILK INSON ARCHITECTS 45, 000 SQ FT 1981 BIO M ETRIC SCREENING
1.3
MILLION
TOTAL PASSENGERS DEPARTING FROM TERMINAL F AT ATL AIRPORT
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FACIAL RECOGNITION SELF-SERVICE CHECK-IN KIOSKS
54
12
WHERE FACIAL RECOGNITION IS AVAILABLE
9
KIOSKS
GATES
MILLION
DELTA PASSENGERS DEPARTING FROM TERMINAL F AT ATL AIRPORT FACIAL RECOGNITION BAGGAGE DROP DESKS
BAG DROPS
MINUTES
AVERAGE BOARDING TIME SAVED WHEN USING FACIAL RECOGNITION
Delta Airlines was the first company to implement Biometric Facial Recognition Screening in the United States. One of their busiest airports in the US, Hartsfield - Jackson Airport in Atlanta, was the site of their test-run for implementing this new form of technology and screening process. Using Facial Recognition, passengers are tracked and can opt to use the process at every step of the boarding process including: check-in, dropping off baggage, identification at TSA, and boarding at the gate. With less than 2% of passengers opting out of the screening process, Biometric screening has saved passengers an average of 2 seconds per passenger with a total of 9 minutes when boarding the plane.
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I.
ONLINE CHECK IN
III. GREEN CHECK
II.
CLICK “LOOK”
IV. BOARD FASTER
Check In
Branding
Screen
Terminal 31
CASE STUDY II
Hartsfield-Jackson Airport LOCATION FIRM SQUARE FOOTAGE YEAR BUILT FOCUS
M UNIC H, GERMANY - TERMINAL 2 KO CH + PARTNERS 260, 00 0 SQ M 2003 H UM AN IOD ROBOT
10 HOURS
OF BATTERY LIFE IN JOSIE TO PROVIDE FOR PASSENGER SUPPORT
47.9
TOTAL PASSENGERS IN THE YEAR 2019 AT MUNICH AIRPORT
MILLION
120 CM TALL
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THE HUMANOID ROBOT STANDS AT 120 CM TALL WITH WHEELS TO MOVE AROUND THE TERMINAL SPLIT BETWEEN TWO TERMINALS
GATES
Lufthansa and Munich Airport joined forces with International Business Machines [IBM] to create the humanoid robot to improve passenger experience. Josie Pepper, the name of the humanoid robot given by airport staff when she first arrived, roams the non-public area of Terminal 2 at Munich Airport to answer passenger questions and direct them to their correct gate. The robot uses Artificial Intelligence to view and register the passengers’ questions and face in order to provide a similar experience to a staff member. Using cloud technology and WiFi, the robot processes the given information, sends it to the server for information processing and cross-referencing with airport information, then relays it back to the passenger with both verbal and written text. This written text provides deaf or hard of hearing passengers with equal access. Josie can only speak English in this preliminary trial but the addition of German is in the developing stages.
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User Interface
Robot
Social
Terminal Use 33
CASE STUDY III
Gagarin International Lounge
LOCATION
SARATOV, RUSSIA
FIRM
VOX ARC HITECTS
SQUARE FOOTAGE YEAR BUILT FOCUS
11, 200 S Q FT 2019 AE ST H E TIC AP P EAL; CONCEP T
Coming up on the 60th anniversary of the first man exploring into the depths of space, the Gagarin Saratov Airport Lounge was renovated to honor its namesake, Yuri Gagarin. The airport was named after Gagarin after he landed in the Russian city of Saratov after a 108-minute orbit around the earth in 1961, thus becoming the Gagarin Saratov International Airport. The lounge needed a revamp in perfect timing for the 60th anniversary. Vox architects, a Russian architecture firm took inspiration from Gagarin’s exploration and modeled a concept based on “the idea of defying gravity, waiting for a miracle.” To achieve this, the lounge comprises two floors which contain nods to cosmic atmosphere complete with disk shaped lamps to depict solar flares and pops of blue that reminded the architects of “a rocket shooting into the mesosphere.” In addition to the material choices and subtle nods to space exploration, a private lounge “capsule” is designed to mimic the rocket that Gagarin completed his legendary expedition in to give users a personal experience.
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Entry
Private Lounge
Movement
Main Space 35
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VOL II.
the Design
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1: SITE + INS PIR ATIO N 2 4 6 8
inspiration imager y surrounding area site map airport map
PART 2: CONC EPT + PR O CE SS 2 4 6
conce pt state m en t ge ome tr y studies proce ss ske tches
PART 3: DESIG N DE VE LO PM E N T 2 4 6 8
e ntr y se curit y gate s + conce s s ion s baggage claim
PART 4: F INISHES + F U R N ITU R E 2 4 6
mate rial concept mate rial se le ction s furniture se le ct ion s
P A RT I :
Site + Inspiration
Movement
Contrast 42
Color
Connection
Fluidity
Repetition
Path
Movement 43
SITE ANALYSIS: PRAGUE Located in Central Europe, the Czech Republic is a land-locked country known for its hilly terrain and temperate climate. Home to over 1.3 million people, Prague stands as Cezch Republic’s largest city and its capital.
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Things to do around Prague I.
OLD TOWN SQUARE
VI.
PETRIN LOOKOUT
II.
PRAGUE CASTLE
VII.
SPANISH SYNAGOGUE
III.
JOHN LENNON WALL
VIII. W E N C E S L A S S Q U A R E
IV.
ASTRONOMICAL CLOCK
IX.
V.
CHARLES BRIDGE
ST. VITUS CATHEDRAL
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SITE ANALYSIS: THE AIRPORT 11 miles from Prague’s City Center, the Vaclav Havel International Airport is the main airport serving Prague and the surrounding Czech Republic cities. With two major runways and three terminals, Havel Airport has a large capacity meant for domestic, international, and cargo transportation. Terminal 1 is the international terminal containing 22 gates serving flights to North America, The Middle East, Africa, and Asia.
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TOPOGRAPHY The Vltava River zigs its way through the Prague city center separating the city into two equal halves. The river flows through the surrounding mountainous region. With hills and mountains to the north and east, the airport remains relatively flat for the runways at an elevation of 1,247 feet above sea level.
SUN STUDY
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
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P A RT I I :
Concept + Process
vlata river diagram
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CONCEPT STATEMENT The ancient city of Prague was founded around the Vltava River which helped to facilitate transportation and allow for the exchange of goods. The Vltava River is known as the longest river in the Czech Republic commonly referred to as “the national river.” Current day, the Vltava River serves as a landmark dividing the two halves of the city being connected by one of Prague’s most known landmarks, the Charles Bridge. With its unique geometry, the Vltava River will serve as the inspiration for the Prague Havel Airport emphasizing an organic, fluid movement throughout the space. Two halves containing the domestic and international terminals will be connected through a central area representing the Charles Bridge. Organic materials and forms will help to establish the fluid movement to guide users through the space in a rapid fashion. Colors and textures from the natural landscape and topography will be incorporated to give users a sense of Prague’s architecture and rich history.
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GEOMETRY STUDIES
existing geometries
DOMESTIC
CENTRAL SPACE
INTERNATIONAL
spatial division 52
parti diagram
three dimensional parti 53
USER DIAGRAMMING
Families
THE FAMILY + travels with lots of baggage + spends the most time traveling through terminal + travels mostly on weekends + extended time spent through each step of the process
The Crew + works eight plus hour shifts + pass through airports - need in between lounge to freshen up + paid only for time “in the air” + security only for crew going in the air
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circulation diagram
circulation diagram
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USER DIAGRAMMING
Independent Traveler + travels for pleasure or to visit family + to far destinations + travels on the weekdays to cut costs
Business Traveler + travels often + for business interactions + travels most during the week or corporate hours + knows how to navigate the airport + likely to use biometric screening because of frequent visits
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circulation diagram
circulation diagram
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PROCESS SKETCHES
Preliminary Bubble Diagrams
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independent traveler movement bubble diagram
family movement bubble diagram
crew movement bubble diagram
business personnel movement bubble diagram
Preliminary Sketches
small concession sketch
large concession sketch
staff support desk sketch
gate sketch
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P A RT I I I :
Design Development
MAIN FLOOR PLAN
Areas of Consideration:
N 62
I.
ENTRY
II.
CHECK IN
III.
SECURITY
IV.
GATES + CONCESSIONS
V.
NOT IN CONTRACT
second floor plan scale: 1”=100’0”
IV.
III. II.
II.
I.
V. 63
STEP I: ENTRY floor plan NTS
IV.
III. II.
IV.
I. III. I.
II. I.
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I.
Program I.
ENTRY
II.
SELF KIOSK CHECK IN
III.
STAFF SUPPORTED CHECK IN
IV.
SELF BAGGAGE DROP
Plan Notes II.
Guests are greeted by self-kiosks check - ins that are arranged in an organic and fluid motion. Lights on the structure hint to users which kiosk is open without the need for staff or direction.
III.
Staff supported desks emphasize a fuild-motion and help to guide users into the security area in one swift movement.
IV.
Self-baggage drops are included to allow for individuals to drop their baggage off without having to wait for staff support. This speeds up the process of moving through the terminal which in turn improves users experience.
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Front Elevation
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SELF - CHECK IN:
I.
II.
IV. III.
terminal entry RCP NTS I.
II.
A R M ST R O N G A C O U ST I C C E I L I N G TILES 45’ AFF C U ST O M L E D S U S P E N D E D ST R I P L I G H T I N G
III.
E AT O N F I N E L I T E 4 ’ S U S P E N D E D D O W N L I G H T LED STRIP LIGHT
IV.
C O U N TO U R R O U N D OV E R P E N D A N T LARGE, WHITE
A Learning Moment Custom-designed LED strip lights hang in the entryway lined with a sustainability installation of plastic waste. The custom lights are designed in a swooping-organic line to represent the concept and river. The art installation of plastic waste decorates the lights to teach users that pollution in the river can have a lasting impact on the space.
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Self Check in Kiosks L E D TO U C H S C R E E N allows users to touch and scan themselves into their flight without staff interference M OT I O N S E N S O R L I G H T I N G allows users to view which kiosk is open without words or direction from staff L A M I N AT E O R G A N I C F A C A D E allows for easy cleaning and organic movement of shape allows for easy movement around while emphasizing the concept kiosk detail drawing NTS
entry axonometric NTS
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STEP II: SECURITY floor plan NTS
IV. III. II. V. I.
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Program I.
SECURITY ENTRANCE + WAITING
II.
BIOMETRIC SCREENING
III.
TYPICAL TSA SECURITY SCREENING
IV.
AIRPORT STAFF SUPPORT SPACE
V.
TSA SECURITY SUPPORT SPACE
Plan Notes I.
Standard TSA security is included for users who do not feel as comfortable with the new implementation of biometric screening
II.
Biometric screening is included to provide users with a more enjoyable experience. A stand-in art gallery allows for users to pass through while being screened through sensors. Biometric screening speeds up the process and allows for faster and better screening.
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IV.
V.
III.
I. II.
I.
II. III.
A R M ST R O N G A C O U ST I C C E I L I N G TILES 14’ AFF G Y P S U M WA L L B O A R D 12’ AFF E AT O N C O V I o L E D L I G H T I N G
IV.
C U ST O M L E D S U S P E N D E D ST R I P LIGHTING
V.
E AT O N F I N E L I T E 4 ’ S U S P E N D E D DOWNLIGHT LED STRIP LIGHT
MOVEMENT Sticks in a river serve as an opportunity to stop water flow. Similar to this function, wood slats are used as a signal to users of a direction change or stoppage of motion. In this view, users coming from their gate are directed towards the baggage claim away from the security area. 77
hallway axonometric NTS 78
THE HALLWAY
key plan
Stemming from the security and main circulation path area, the hallway continues to guide users towards the baggage claim while offering a moment of relaxation. Wood slats help to emphasize the concept and signal a change of direction towards the baggage claim. The movement and structure of the bench reiterates a movement similar to a plane taking off and landing.
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STEP III: GATES + CONCESSIONS floor plan NTS
VII.
VI.
V.
IV.
III. I.
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II.
V.
Program I.
MAIN CIRCULATION PATH
II.
CONCESSIONS SET UP VERSION A
III.
CONCESSIONS SET UP VERSION B
IV.
TYPICAL GATE SET UP
V.
KITCHEN + CAFE
VI.
BATHROOMS
VII.
VIEWING AREA
Plan Notes I.
The main circulation path is divided into two paths. One main path that can be seen from the start of the terminal to the end, which provides for a fast experience. The second, is a meandering path meant to guide users towards the gates and evokes the fluid movement of a river
III.
Concessions are divided using wood slats to signal a change of direction. Wood slats are also used to divide the concession and food areas from gate waiting areas without using a solid wall
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82
key plan
CIRCULATION
Path
The main circulation path throughout the terminal has one main pathway and a secondary meandering path. This meandering path evokes a river while guiding users to their gates.
Feature Piece
A custom designed strip lighting stems throughout the main pathway in the terminal to re-emphasize the concept and guide users along the path towards their final destination. 83
IV.
V.
I.
IV. III.
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gate RCP NTS
II.
gate boarding area I. II. III. IV.
A R M ST R O N G A C O U ST I C C E I L I N G T I L E S 20’ AFF A R M ST R O N G E B + F L O W F E L T C E I L I N G 21’ AFF L I G H TA R T 2 C O N N E C T E D L O O P S LARGE, TAN DESSERT E AT O N F I N E L I T E 4 ’ S U S P E N D E D D O W N L I G H T LED STRIP LIGHT
V.
E R LO P E N D A N T L I G H T 4” LED DOWNLIGHT
IV.
C O U N TO U R R O U N D OV E R P E N D A N T SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE; WHITE
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GATES + CONCESSIONS
Wayfinding An app specifically made for the Prague International Airport will help guide users through the space through bluetooth check points. Users will have check points located on columns strategically placed throughout the terminal to prevent users from getting lost. A list of amenities will help users find exactly what food or gifts they are looking for with ease. This app will be one main user interface that combines the terminal and flight apps to have one convenient app. This will connect the airport and airlines in order to improve the user experience.
Included in the App: T E R M I N A L M A I N PA G E A I R L I N E M A I N PA G E
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MAP + DIRECTIONS AMENITIES
Gates Users are greeted at the gate desk by natural materials for a calming feel with sustainability in mind. Gates are labeled “A” for international gates and “B” for domestic gates. Gates are labeled 1-8 in order to effectively guide users to the correct gate. A large TV screen allows for the airline leasing the space to display important information ahead of the flight.
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large concessions axonometric NTS
concessions RCP NTS 90
small concessions axonometric NTS I. II. III. IV.
A R M ST R O N G A C O U ST I C C E I L I N G T I L E S 20’ AFF C U ST O M 9 W O O D S L AT D R O P C E I L I N G S GYPSUM BOARD CEILING 15’ AFF E AT O N F I N E L I T E 4 ’ S U S P E N D E D D O W N L I G H T LED STRIP LIGHT
IV.
E R LO P E N D A N T L I G H T 4” LED DOWNLIGHT
IV.
C O U N TO U R R O U N D OV E R P E N D A N T SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE; WHITE 91
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key plan
BATHROOM A neutral palette and local materials gives guest a feel of the local atmosphere. Curved elements echoed in the ceiling and wall inset helps to emphasize the concept. Arch-shaped mirrors are inspired by the historic architecture and arch-ways seen throughout the city.
IV.
III. II.
I.
bathroom RCP NTS
III.
G Y P S U M WA L L B O A R D 12’ AFF G Y P S U M WA L L B O A R D I N S E T 14’ AFF E AT O N C O V I o L E D L I G H T I N G
IV.
E AT O N 4 ” L E D D O W N L I G H T
I. II.
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BATHROOMS
Sustainability Considerations Bathrooms use low-flush and automatic faucets to encourage low-water use. LEED standards and WELL guidelines were used in designing the space. Sustainable materials are used throughout. Users have constant access to sunlight in order to improve energy levels. Circadian lighting is incorporated to promote 24/7 health. Some of the specific LEED guidelines used are mentioned below.
Leed Guidelines Included: E D U C AT I N G T E N A N T S O N S U STA I N A B L E DESIGN
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bathroom elevation NTS
R E D U C I N G WAT E R CONSUMPTION
T R A C K I N G WAT E R CONSUMPTION AND U S E T O D I S P L AY I N PUBLIC
bathroom section NTS
A touch of Prague A unique graphic of statues located around the Prague city center, divided by gender, gives users a wayfinding cue without using words thus eliminating any potential language barriers.
prague statue line sketches 95
STEP IV: BAGGAGE CLAIM floor plan NTS
VIII.
VII.
IX.
VI.
V. IV. III. I.
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X.
II.
Program I.
STAIRS, WATERFALL, ELEVATOR
II.
PASSPORT CONTROL
III.
SECURITY WATCH ROOM
IV.
BATHROOMS
V.
VISITOR INFORMATION
VI.
CAFE
VII.
BAGGAGE CONTROL
VIII. L O N G T E R M B A G G A G E S T O R A G E IX.
BAGGAGE CAROUSELS
X.
WAITING AREA
Plan Notes I.
A waterfall is placed surrounding the stairs and elevator to emphasize movement similar to a river. A bench surrounds the waterfall to give users a moment of rest while waiting and moving towards passport control.
III.
A security watch room allows for TSA agents to monitor biometric screening individuals exiting the terminal. The space has a one-sided mirrored window to allows agents to see through. The space also provided agents a space to relax
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baggage claim 99
P A RT I V :
Finishes + Furniture
Terracotta
Cobblestones + Plaster 102
Architecture
Mosaics
MATERIALITY CONCEPT STATEMENT Organic materials and forms will help to establish the fluid movement to guide users through the space in a rapid fashion. Colors and textures from the natural landscape and topography will be incorporated to give users a sense of Prague’s architecture and rich history.
Research
Architects during the renaissance period in Western Europe followed the principles of Vitruvius and in the modern period following the renaissance, architects looked to Le Corbusier’s principles of minimalism. Using color sparingly was the trend during these architecture movements which accounts for most buildings being comprised of neutral limestone and sandstone. Western Europe is known for its masonry and historic buildings. Specific to Prague is natural sandstone and Opuka. Lining the famous bridge connecting the two city centers, The Charles Bridge, is natural sandstone locally sourced from the surrounding regions. In addition, many buildings located in the city centers are lined with Opuka, which is a Marl Stone. Opuka was sourced locally to the region back in the renaissance period but has since been scarce throughout the region. During the European renaissance, artists focused on creating canvas’ and paintings that would stand the test of time. One main form of art during this time was murals painted on ceilings and walls. To prevent fading artists used mosaics. Mosaics were seen heavily decorating churches ceilings and buildings of importance. In addition, stained glass also decorated buildings and churches of importance during this time. Color theory throughout Western Europe is mainly focused on the color red. Red is known to symbolize excitement, energy, passion, love and danger.
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MATERIALS VI.
II.
I.
X.
VII. #
TOUR
IST
XI. III.
VIII.
XII.
IV.
V.
IX. 104
Specifications
XIII.
XVII.
XIV.
XVIII.
XIX.
XV.
XX.
XXI.
I.
MOHAWK XERIX ACOMA CARPET
II.
MOHAWK XERIX HOPI CARPET
III.
TILEBAR LUMINA ALAVASTRO
IV.
J + J FLOORING ALLOY MELTING
V.
9WOOD LIGHT SLATS VINTAGE OAK
VI.
DESIGNTEX BURGUNDY FABRIC
VII.
DESIGNTEX ORANGE SPECKLES
VIII.
DESIGNTEX PIXELCLOUD ORANGE
IX.
CUSTOM SCULPTURE GRAPHIC
X.
TAN CONCRETE
XI.
TILEBAR MINERAL ORANGE STONE
XII.
MOHAWK TERRAZO MERCADO
XIII.
TILEBAR EASTON SUMMIT TILE
XIV.
TILEBAR EDEN ANTIGUAN TILE
XV.
TILEBAR ANGELA HARRIS TILE
XVI.
NBK TERRACOTTA CURVED PANELS
XVII.
BM WHITE OPULENCE
XVIII. B M F O G G Y M O R N I N G XXII.
XXIII.
XIX.
BM BLOND WOOD
XX.
BM TWILIGHT GOLD
XXI.
BM TAOS TAUPE
XXII.
BM SORELL BROWN
XXIII. B M R U S T I C B R I C K XXIV. B M H O D L E Y R E D XVI.
XXIV. 105
FURNITURE
Gates IV.
III.
I.
STEELCASE COALESSE AIRPORT CHAIR orange vinyl 28 chairs per gate
II. S T E E L C A S E T U R N S T O N E CAMPFIRE LOUNGE maroon upholstery 8 standard straight 4 left turn corners 4 right turn corners
II.
I.
III. B L U D O T R A C E R BARSTOOL designtex orange pixel cloud 6 per gate
IV. A R K T U R A S O F T S C R E E N FREQUENCY PANELS wheat felt 2 per gate
gate floor plan call out NTS
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I.
Concessions
I. II.
KNOLL ANTENNA Y BASE TABLE white 5 tables per concession
II. H A W O R T H B A C C H A I R light oak wood 24 per concession
concession floor plan call out NTS
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108
REFLECTION.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
thank you to the people who made this project possible
To my parents, thank you for supporting me. Mom, thank you for answering my countless calls and always being there for me. To my family, thank you for shaping me to be the person I am today. To my friends, thank you for countless laughs and memories. B R A D, my studio friends, thank you for pushing me to be the best designer I could be and making me fall in love with going to studio. To my roommates and POD, thank you for being my rocks all throughout college. I couldn’t imagine a better group of friends. To my professors, thank you for sharing all of your knowledge and believing in me. A special thank you to Lisa Tucker for allowing me to choose a topic aside from the suggested and believing in me to complete it. To Virginia Tech, thank you for being the best home away from home for the past four years.
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Sources
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SOCIO ECONOMIC SOURCES Airlines at Prague Airport. (2019, June 08). Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://www. pragueairport.co.uk/airlines-at-prague-airport/ Average Prague wages grew 7% in Q1 2019, now up to 41,450 crowns monthly. (2019, June 04). Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://news.expats.cz/weekly-czech-news/average prague-wages-grew-7-in-q1-2019-now-up-to-41450-crowns-monthly/ Europe. (2020). Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://www.citypopulation.de/en/ czechrep/admin/praha/CZ0100__praha/ Ncadilvl. (2020, August 12). Prague. Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://ec.europa.eu/ growth/tools-databases/regional-innovation-monitor/base-profile/prague Prague Population 2020. (n.d.). Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://worldpopulationreview. com/world-cities/prague-population Terminals. (2017, February 13). Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://www.pragueairport. co.uk/terminals/ Vaclav Havel Airport Prague Breaks a Record: 17.8 Million Handled Passengers in 2019. (2020, January 16). Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://www.prg.aero/en/Vaclav-Havel Airport-Prague-Breaks-a-Record-17.8-Million-Passengers-in-2019
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MATERIALITY SOURCES Fraser, T., & Banks, A. (2004). Designer’s Color Manual: The Complete Guide to Color Theory and Application. Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://books.google.com/ books?hl=en Marvelous Masonry-Czech Republic- Celebrating Masonry’s Heritage. (n.d.). Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://www.masonrymagazine.com/blog/2017/03/29/marvelous-ma sonry-czech-republic-celebrating-masonrys-heritage/ Moss, B. (2012, June 11). Color and Cultural Design Considerations. Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2012/06/color-and-cultural-design-consider ations/
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CODE SOURCES LEED Credit library: U.S. Green Building Council. (2020). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.usgbc.org/credits?Version=%22v4.1%22 PDF [The WELL Building Standard]. (2020). International WELL Building Institute. Search ADA.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.ada.gov/2010ADAstan dards_index.htm
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THANK YOU. -
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Katie Karlinchak
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