building construction

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 (BLD 60703/ARC 2513)

Project 1 : Skeletal Construction (Temporary Bus Shelter) TUTOR: MS Norita Johar Members: 1. AMEER FARHAN RAMLAN 0319304 2. NEOH JIA WEN 0318228 3. NG YI YANG 0319688 4. TAN WING HOE 0319333 5. RICCO SOH zheng wei 0319890 6. ROY YIEK CHIN HIENG 0317726

a

-Introduction -design process -technical drawing

1 2 3

b

-materials -research and trailing of joints -exploded axonometric

4 5,6,7 8

c

-building process -mistake and solution -final outcome

9,10,11 12,13 14

d

-force diagram -load testing -reference

15 16,17 18

Introduction This project “Temporary bus shelter� aims to allow student to experience and understand skeletal construction which is important as it is one of the most widely used structures for building support. In a group of 6, the task is to construct a temporary bus shelter with a scale of 1:5 ( 400mm x 800m x 600mm ).

pg1

Function

climate

setting

user

A bus stop is a designated place for passengers to board or alight from a bus. People may come here for a range of things other than catching the bus, so that social interaction and the life of the street intermix with waiting to produce a more vibrant, interesting, and safe environment. It provides shade, and shelters from rain and sun.

It might also be a place for people to take a break.

tropical climate -hot and humid weather.

-rainfall and during certain periods, thunderstorms can occur.

urban area -town -two sided road way

-5-6 person -height: Average 1750mm

pedestrian bridge

1750

a

It should demonstrate the knowledge of skeletal frames and its joints. It must clearly define all building components such as roof, column, walls and floor.

2125

design concept The design of the bus stop is based on the climate, user and settings.

design process to incoorperate the site which is two way road, the bus stop have to be facing both side.

1

a

pg2

2

in a tropical country, rainfall is the major problem. people tend to find a shelter when rain.

butterfly roof Water Collection: The main purpose of a butterfly roof is to transfer water easily and quickly off the roof, preventing water buildup and any potential water damage and mold growth.

3

we tried out with different form, and butterfly roof is the best design to fit in our condition

Wind Resistance: Because of their unique design, butterfly roofs are extremely aerodynamic and are able to resist wind damage from coastal winds and heavy storms.

4

top view

a

pg3

scale 1:800 plan

left view

front view

right view

back view

Technical drawing bottom view

Bamboo

b

pg4

wood timber is versatile and can be used in a wide variety of ways. being light, it is easy to install and can be worked with simple equipment. this reduces the energy needed for construction. in other coutry, like japan and china, timber structure without nails can last for centuries. in this case, we choose balau as our main construction material. it is one of the hardwood which is very durable and resistant to the elements, insects, warping and twisting. due to its high density, it is normally used for outdoors.

Bamboo, like true wood, is a natural composite material with a high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures. We choose to use bamboo as our roofing material because they are queiter in the rain and cooler in the sun. although bamboo is considered to be a type of wood, it is actually not wood, but ratehr a grass. as so, a bamboo roof is not susceptible to rotting, shrinkage and other wood problem.

beam to column beam column

trusses to beam

trusses a: 2267l X 2.5w X 10h (cm) trusses B: 4886l x 24w X 12h (cm)

bird’s mouth joint

roof trusses

batten trusses

b

angle bracket

pg5 trusses a beam a: 1780l X 2.5w X 10h (cm)

trusses b beam b

beam a

beam B: 3892l x 24w X12h (cm) column a: 12L X 24w X 2500h (cm)

column b

column a

column b: 12l X 24w X 3000h (cm)

column to floor beam

joist

angle bracket

joist

1/2 of joint depth

cross lap joints

cross lap joints

bamboo roof arrangement

bamboo: 10cm diameter X 50cm-150cm range length

roof structure bamboo roofing baton trusses bamboo nail

sealant

beam

baton

column

b

string is used to tie the top and bottom pieces

pg6

trusses

bottom part is nailed onto the baton

trusses

nail roof trusses string

flooring

foundation

hardwood flooring subfloor floor joist

steel plates reinforced concrete pad footing foudation

wood plank for flooring: 12.5L X 4000W X 2.5h (cm)

partition to beam & column seating

b

pg7

partition wall with 12.5cm gap between each other

double sided bird-mouth joint

seat

column

partition to floor

angle bracket

b

pg8

exploded axonometric

building process

c

pg9 base

column

beam

building process

c

pg10 floor

partition

seat

building process

c

pg11 trusses

roofing

decoration & foundation

mistakes and solution at first, we use the same size of timebr for joist and header beam.

c

pg12 since the size of main support structure should be different with the others, we recut the timber again with 1/2 of the size of the header beam for joist

seven joist in total to support the base. joist spacing: 45cm

mistakes and solution

c

mistakes and solution

this is our initial idea of joining column with beam. however we realized that the load might not be transfer to one another by placing the beam at the side of column.

pg13

at first, we use the same size of timebr for joist and header beam.

so we decided to use timber slotting method with nails

since the size of main support structure should be different with the others, we recut the timber again with 1/2 of the size of the header beam for joist

c

pg14

final outcome

force diagram

d

pg15

main support structure

sub support structure

load testing In real, the bus stop should withstand a number of 5 people in the structure, which is average 60kg per person, in total, 300kg. so, the structure should be stable and can withstand heavy loads.

d

pg16

Structure status: completed test subject: 600ml water unit: 5 weight: 600g analysis: structure seems stable and is able to withstand heavy loads as well as stand upright.

load testing

external heat

d

pg17

load

load

load

load

reference

d

pg18

1. Corrugated Bamboo Roofing Sheets. (n.d.). Retrieved May 08, 2016, from http://www. guaduabamboo.com/uses/corrugated-bamboo-roofing-sheets 2. Ching, F. D., & Adams, C. (2001). Building construction illustrated (5th ed.). New York: Wiley.

3. C. S. (n.d.). Dowelling - Dowel joint. Retrieved May 08, 2016, from http://www. craftsmanspace.com/knowledge/dowelling-dowel-joint.html 4. Anonymous. (N.D.) Wood joints, Joining wood, Dove tails, rebates, mitres. (n.d.). Retrieved May 08, 2016, from http://www.ripsdiy.co.za/woodjoins.shtml 5. F. M. (2014, May 22). 8 Rot-Resistant Woods for Your Outdoor Projects. Retrieved May 8, 2016, from http://www.houzz.com/ideabooks/27281283/list/8-rot-resistantwoods-for-your-outdoor-projects