BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 (BLD 60703/ARC 2513)
Project 1 : Skeletal Construction (Temporary Bus Shelter) TUTOR: MS Norita Johar Members: 1. AMEER FARHAN RAMLAN 0319304 2. NEOH JIA WEN 0318228 3. NG YI YANG 0319688 4. TAN WING HOE 0319333 5. RICCO SOH zheng wei 0319890 6. ROY YIEK CHIN HIENG 0317726
a
-Introduction -design process -technical drawing
1 2 3
b
-materials -research and trailing of joints -exploded axonometric
4 5,6,7 8
c
-building process -mistake and solution -final outcome
9,10,11 12,13 14
d
-force diagram -load testing -reference
15 16,17 18
Introduction This project “Temporary bus shelter� aims to allow student to experience and understand skeletal construction which is important as it is one of the most widely used structures for building support. In a group of 6, the task is to construct a temporary bus shelter with a scale of 1:5 ( 400mm x 800m x 600mm ).
pg1
Function
climate
setting
user
A bus stop is a designated place for passengers to board or alight from a bus. People may come here for a range of things other than catching the bus, so that social interaction and the life of the street intermix with waiting to produce a more vibrant, interesting, and safe environment. It provides shade, and shelters from rain and sun. It might also be a place for people to take a break.
tropical climate -hot and humid weather. -rainfall and during certain periods, thunderstorms can occur.
urban area -town -two sided road way
-5-6 person -height: Average 1750mm
pedestrian bridge
1750
a
It should demonstrate the knowledge of skeletal frames and its joints. It must clearly define all building components such as roof, column, walls and floor.
2125
design concept The design of the bus stop is based on the climate, user and settings.
design process to incoorperate the site which is two way road, the bus stop have to be facing both side.
1
a
pg2
2
in a tropical country, rainfall is the major problem. people tend to find a shelter when rain.
butterfly roof Water Collection: The main purpose of a butterfly roof is to transfer water easily and quickly off the roof, preventing water buildup and any potential water damage and mold growth.
3
we tried out with different form, and butterfly roof is the best design to fit in our condition
Wind Resistance: Because of their unique design, butterfly roofs are extremely aerodynamic and are able to resist wind damage from coastal winds and heavy storms.
4
top view
a
pg3
scale 1:800 plan
left view
front view
right view
back view
Technical drawing bottom view
Bamboo
b
pg4
wood timber is versatile and can be used in a wide variety of ways. being light, it is easy to install and can be worked with simple equipment. this reduces the energy needed for construction. in other coutry, like japan and china, timber structure without nails can last for centuries. in this case, we choose balau as our main construction material. it is one of the hardwood which is very durable and resistant to the elements, insects, warping and twisting. due to its high density, it is normally used for outdoors.
Bamboo, like true wood, is a natural composite material with a high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures. We choose to use bamboo as our roofing material because they are queiter in the rain and cooler in the sun. although bamboo is considered to be a type of wood, it is actually not wood, but ratehr a grass. as so, a bamboo roof is not susceptible to rotting, shrinkage and other wood problem.
beam to column beam column
trusses to beam
trusses a: 2267l X 2.5w X 10h (cm) trusses B: 4886l x 24w X 12h (cm)
bird’s mouth joint
roof trusses
batten trusses
b
angle bracket
pg5 trusses a beam a: 1780l X 2.5w X 10h (cm)
trusses b beam b
beam a
beam B: 3892l x 24w X12h (cm) column a: 12L X 24w X 2500h (cm)
column b
column a
column b: 12l X 24w X 3000h (cm)
column to floor beam
joist
angle bracket
joist
1/2 of joint depth
cross lap joints
cross lap joints
bamboo roof arrangement
bamboo: 10cm diameter X 50cm-150cm range length
roof structure bamboo roofing baton trusses bamboo nail
sealant
beam
baton
column
b
string is used to tie the top and bottom pieces
pg6
trusses
bottom part is nailed onto the baton
trusses
nail roof trusses string
flooring
foundation
hardwood flooring subfloor floor joist
steel plates reinforced concrete pad footing foudation
wood plank for flooring: 12.5L X 4000W X 2.5h (cm)
partition to beam & column seating
b
pg7
partition wall with 12.5cm gap between each other
double sided bird-mouth joint
seat
column
partition to floor
angle bracket
b
pg8
exploded axonometric
building process
c
pg9 base
column
beam
building process
c
pg10 floor
partition
seat
building process
c
pg11 trusses
roofing
decoration & foundation
mistakes and solution at first, we use the same size of timebr for joist and header beam.
c
pg12 since the size of main support structure should be different with the others, we recut the timber again with 1/2 of the size of the header beam for joist
seven joist in total to support the base. joist spacing: 45cm
mistakes and solution
c
mistakes and solution
this is our initial idea of joining column with beam. however we realized that the load might not be transfer to one another by placing the beam at the side of column.
pg13
at first, we use the same size of timebr for joist and header beam.
so we decided to use timber slotting method with nails
since the size of main support structure should be different with the others, we recut the timber again with 1/2 of the size of the header beam for joist
c
pg14
final outcome
force diagram
d
pg15
main support structure
sub support structure
load testing In real, the bus stop should withstand a number of 5 people in the structure, which is average 60kg per person, in total, 300kg. so, the structure should be stable and can withstand heavy loads.
d
pg16
Structure status: completed test subject: 600ml water unit: 5 weight: 600g analysis: structure seems stable and is able to withstand heavy loads as well as stand upright.
load testing
external heat
d
pg17
load
load
load
load
reference
d
pg18
1. Corrugated Bamboo Roofing Sheets. (n.d.). Retrieved May 08, 2016, from http://www. guaduabamboo.com/uses/corrugated-bamboo-roofing-sheets 2. Ching, F. D., & Adams, C. (2001). Building construction illustrated (5th ed.). New York: Wiley. 3. C. S. (n.d.). Dowelling - Dowel joint. Retrieved May 08, 2016, from http://www. craftsmanspace.com/knowledge/dowelling-dowel-joint.html 4. Anonymous. (N.D.) Wood joints, Joining wood, Dove tails, rebates, mitres. (n.d.). Retrieved May 08, 2016, from http://www.ripsdiy.co.za/woodjoins.shtml 5. F. M. (2014, May 22). 8 Rot-Resistant Woods for Your Outdoor Projects. Retrieved May 8, 2016, from http://www.houzz.com/ideabooks/27281283/list/8-rot-resistantwoods-for-your-outdoor-projects