Алгоритми Виконання
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Exam folder Welcomefsection * Specific information and detailed comprehension
Prediction activities
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Look at the title of the text in Stud ent’s book p. 8 and try to predict what you will read about. Share your ideas with a partner. [b
What questions would you ask to find out a foreigner's opinion about your country? Make a list of five questions. Ask each other the questions.
Synonyms and paraphrasing
Read the questions to the interview on p.8 of Student’s book and highlight key words/ expressions. e.g. A Do you miss your family and friends? В How many lessons do you have every day? C Is there anything about England that surprises you? D How long have you been here, Pietro? E Which British dish is your favourite? F How long do you think you’ll stay? G Have you had problems with the language? H What do you like doing here when you have free time?
Skimming and scanning activities J j Open Student’s book p.8. You have 20 seconds to skim the text and check your predictions in Q
fbl Open Student’s book p. 8. Scan the text and find expressions with similar meaning.
: b ! Scan the text and underline unknown words. Compare the list with your partner. Guess the meaning from the context.
READING TIPS e * *
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Skimming refers to the process of reading only main ideas within a passage to get an overall impression of the content of a reading selection. How to Skim: • Read the title. • Read the introduction or the first paragraph. • Read the first sentence of every other paragraph. • Read any headings and sub-headings. • Notice any pictures, charts, or graphs.
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• Notice any italicized or boldface words or phrases. • Read the summary or last paragraph.
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How to Scan: • State the specific information you are looking for. • Try to anticipate how the answer will appear and what clues you might use to help you locate the answer. For example, if you were looking for a certain date, you would quickly read the paragraph looking only for numbers. • Use headings and any other aids that will help you identify which sections might contain the information you are looking for.
Scanning is a reading technique to be used when 9you want to find specific information quickly. In scanning you have a question in your mind and *
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you read a passage only to find the answer, ignoring unrelated information.
W ELCO M E SECTION
• Selectively read and skip through sections of the passage.
Use the following procedure: Look at the title and try to predict what you will read about. Skim the text to get a general idea of meaning. If you meet new vocabulary in the text, work out what it means from the context. Read the questions A-H and underline key words. Underline expressions with similar meanings in the text. You are looking for specific information to answer the questions, so you need to scan the texts rather than read them in detail. Go on to the next question even if you are not sure of the answer to the previous one. When you've finished the easy questions, go back and have another go at the difficult ones. If you stilt don’t know - guess.
Try the exam task ■
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Open SB on page 8. Read the interview with Pietro, an Italian student which is called 'What do you think about England?' Match the questions (A-H) with _» т і ,§ , . , ^ . the answers (1-5). There are three choices you do not need to use. A В C D E F G H
Do you miss your family and friends? How many lessons do you have every day? Is there anything about England that surprises you? How long have you been here, Pietro? Which British dish is your favourite? How long do you think you’ll stay? Have you had problems with the language? What do you like doing here when you have free time?
W ELC O M E SECTION
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_ *Gap filling (choosing which part of sentence fits into gaps in a text) *Reading for detailed understanding of the text
101 Prediction Look at the title of the text in Student’s book p. 16 and try to predict what you will read about. Share your ideas with a partner.
-• ' ' - ' Useful expressions: I (don’t) think... To my mind... From my point of view... I’m (not) sure... As I see it...
Text structure Read the text. Find and underline all the pronouns in the text. Explain which nouns or phrases in the sentence they refer to: e.g. “ Maybe you have heard about the way bees dance around to send messages to each other and the way dogs bark in different way to give warnings, to be friendly or to be helpful.” - In the sentence pronoun each other refers to the noun bees.
Use the following procedure: Read the instructions carefully and look at the text to check what needs to be put into the gaps. Read the base text for general understanding (skimming). Read the text around each gap carefully (scanning). Read the parts of sentences (clauses) and firstly consider which ones can or cannot fit in grammatically, only then find one that fits in with the meaning of each part. Remember that words in the text may refer forwards to something in the missing part, or to something in the text before or after the gap. Check for topic and language links *
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before and after the sentence: e.g. ‘...dogs bark in different ways to give warnings, to ...’ matches ‘be friendly or to be p la y f u lwhich gives additional information about dogs’ behaviour. *
Look for pronouns and determiners because they refer to the people or things mentioned in the text
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Try to put a question to the last word or phrase before the gap:
e.g. ‘Humans hear low sounds...” - what kind of sounds?- ‘like the bass notes in music” or ‘..they use them... - why? - ‘to communicate...’
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Look for words tike first, then, in the end, etc. which show the order of events in the story. Read the whole story once more to check that it makes sense. Some clauses are likely to fit into more than one gap, but only grammatically. Be careful because there is always only one correct answer to each question. Make sure that two extra choices do not match any of the gaps neither logically nor grammatically.
CO M M UNICATION
У Try the exam task
has been cultivated В that is believed to be C more than 6,000 tons D which grows quickly E cover a very large area F up to 200,000 years old G in an area spanning more H can generate clones of itself
A
O ldest Living Thing on Earth Ancient patches of a giant seagrass in the Mediterranean Sea are now considered the oldest living organism on Earth after scientists dated them as (1) Australian scientists sequenced the DNA of samples of the giant Posidonia oceanic seagrass, from 40 underwater meadows (2)_________ than 2,000 miles, from Spain to Cyprus. The analysis found the seagrass was between 12,000 and 200,000 years old and was most likely to be at least 100,000 years old. This is far older than the current known oldest species, a Tasmanian plant (3)_________ 43,000 years old. Professor Carlos Duarte, from the University of Western Australia, said the seagrass has been able to reach such old age because it (4)_________• “They are continually producing new branches,” he told The Daily Telegraph. “They spread very slowly and (5)_________” The separate patches of seagrass in the Mediterranean span almost 10 miles and weigh (6)_________.
CO M M UN ICATIO N
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*У$є of English (grammar) -^Multiple-choice cloze, choosing which word from a choice o f four fits in each of 5 gaps in the text
Read the text below. For questions (1-4) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Snowboarding is the only (!)_ sport at the W inter Olympics that does not differentiate between men and women. In the half-pipe, the women riders use exactly the same equipment, perform on the same track and attempt similar tricks to their male counterparts. It is a very physical sport and Britain’s Lesley McKenna led the way ih (2)__________the training techniques. People don’t realize how fit she (3)__________ to be to compete at the highest level. Riders have to have the fitness of an athlete, be prepared to take the knocks of a rugby player while performing (4) a ballerina. 1
A snowy
В snowing
C snow
D snows
2
A improved
В improve
C improving
D improves
3
A has
В can
C must
D need
4
A so
В like
C such
D as
Open Student's book p.18. Use the text As Prince Llewellyn... to prepare a grammar gap fill task for your partner. Delete one part of speech from one sentence, think about four grammar options for it. Ask your partner to complete the sentences with the correct word and let him or her explain the choice. Exchange your ideas. e.g. Prince Llewellyn was out
on his horse in the Welsh countryside.
A hunt В hunted C hunting D to hunt
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The correct option is C - hunting because there is an auxiliary verb was before the preposition
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out, which means that in the sentence past continuous tense should be used. Option A - hunt is not possible grammatically. Option В - hunted has the meaning of Passive Voice, which is not true to the whole story.
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Remember that the exam task is based on a continuous text that is why make sure that your answers
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fit the grammar of the whole passage, not only the sentence you are working with.
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A TRUE FRIEND
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EXAM TIPS
................. ..
Use the following procedure: Read the instructions carefully and look at the text to check what needs to be put into the gaps. Look at the title or the beginning of the text and try to predict what you will read about. Skim the text to get a general idea of meaning. Ignore the gaps while skimming. Read the text around each gap carefully.
• • •
Identify what part of speech the missing word is (e.g. noun, verb, adjective, etc.), and then identify an appropriate part of speech from the bank alternatives.
e.g. Every morning his___________ dog Hachiko said goodbye to his master at the front door. A faithfullness
В faithful
C faithfully
D faith
The correct answer is В - faithful, because an adjective is required to fill the gap between a pronoun his and a noun dog. •
Think about verb tenses. Remember that the exam task is based on a continuous text, that is why make sure that your answers fit the grammar of the whole passage, not only the sentence you are working with. Go on to the next question even if you are not sure of the answer to the previous one.
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When you have finished the easy questions, go back and have another go at the difficult ones. If you still don’t know - guess. <
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Read through the text and check that your answers make sense.
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Read the text below. W h a t Did You Say? Do you know that we can listen to and process words (1)_________ the rate of about 500 per minute? However, we (2)_________at a rate of about 150 words per minute. This means (3) listeners have to work very (4)_________ to concentrate on what someone is saying to them without letting their minds (5)________ on to other areas.
1
A at
В on
C of
D to
2
A speaks
В are speaking
C speak
D is speaking
3
A why
В what
C when
D that
4
A harder
В hard
C hardly
D hardest
5
A wonders
В wondering
C wondered
D wonder
A TRUE FRIEND
*Writing for a specific reader *Writing an Informal Letter
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Prediction
Make a class survey and find out students in your group who - prefer to receive letters - like to write letters - never write letters - prefer speaking over the phone to writing a letter - would rather use Twitter, Facebook, Skype or e-mail than write with a pen or pencil. Share your ideas with the class.
Practice
n Read a letter which Stanislaw has received from his friend Mark and the notes Stanislaw has made. Hello, Stas! How are you and your family? I hope you're OK.
Thanks, moms better now
You know that I’m finishing the ninth form this year. To say the truth, I love my school and my friends here but I’m not sure if I want to go on with studying here. I mean, I don’t want to study at all. W hy should I sit here and listen to all these boring lectures and then spend hours doing homework? To know more, to be ready for exams, to revise for tests As for me, it would be better for me and for my parents if I found somewhere to work. Some of my friends also are going to take some job and help their parents. You can’t imagine how my mom and dad are angry with me. My mom says I’ve broken her heart. They say a good learning at school is my job now. They try to bring me round that I’ll be successful in my life only if I finish school and get a degree from the University.
Adults have more experience in life, they want you to be happy
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A W O RKIN G LIFE
You see, Mark, I’ve got into a mess. As we’ve been on good terms for ages your advice always means a lot for me. W hat do you think? Do you agree with me or not? W hat are your plans for the summer? Drop me a line and tell all your news. Explain and give reasons. June - at home, July - camp at the seaside, August - grandparents’ cottage v- I'm looking forward to getting your answer soon! W rite back quickly! Mark. Apologize and explain why not away on holiday
P.S. W hy don’t you come to my place to see my parents and me? I’m sure they’ll be glad to meet you again. W e ’ll have the time of our lives together with all my friends here, I promise.
pb] Read Stanislaw’s reply and do the task below.
Hi, Mark! I’m writing you as I’m sorry to hear that you can’t see the point of staying at school. So, I’ve decided to tell you what I think about it. First of all, don’t give up and carry on studying because, as one famous person said, ‘Knowledge is a precious treasure to be valued forever’. If you want to be successful, make a fortune and run your family, you must complete your school education. Besides, I’m sure, if you leave school now, you’ll be able to get only few jobs. By the way, your father promised to buy a good laptop as a present if you finish school with a perfect certificate, remember? As for the school, try to find the subjects you need for your future profession. You’ve always told me that you want to be a doctor. Good choice! I know you’re keen on Biology and Chemistry, so, you’ll be in your shoes while studying these subjects more than usual. And one more thing. If you stay at school, you’ll have more free time for yourself, all your friends will be near you and you won’t need to look for the new ones. In any case, you have to make your mind up, no one will do it for you. Take care and write back soon. Thanks a lot for the invitation but I’ve promised my old friends to go to the camp in the mountains. Say hello to your parents. Keep in touch. Stas.
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Find examples of interesting vocabulary (adjectives, adverbs, idioms, phrasal verbs, sayings) in both letters and underline them.
A W O RK IN G LIFE
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« Use the following procedure: •
Read the instructions carefully before you decide what type of letter to write.
•
Highlight the notes on the letter to make sure you answer all of them.
•
Make notes on how to expand them. Decide on reasons, details and explanations for each of the notes on the letter. Use the informal style which includes the following: first names (Stas), contractions (we'll, I’m), informal punctuation (exclamations, questions), opening and closing remarks (Hello! W rite bock quickly!).
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Try to memorize some useful phrases, expressions which may be used in any informal letter (opening and closing remarks, sayings, collocations, idioms). Use appropriate linking words and expressions (so, th at’s why, to begin with, well) Avoid repetitions, choose interesting vocabulary, chatty, informal expressions (you can't imagine), idioms (be in good terms), phrasal verbs(bring round), sayings. When you have finished, read the notes again. Have you included everything?
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Divide your letter into paragraphs. Remember that ideas related to the different aspects of a topic should be grouped together in separate paragraphs.
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A personal tetter may contain some additional information added after the signature and introduce by the abbreviation PS (postscript). Use the same style from the beginning to the end of the letter. Write a rough copy first, then rewrite it and make all the necessary corrections. Check the word limit, your grammar and spelling.
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A W O RKIN G LIFE
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Try the exam task ЧУ
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You ve got a letter from your friend who lives in another city (country). He/she writes that he/she is going to visit you after finishing school this summer and asks you to meet him/her at the station. Unfortunately, you'll be in another place during his/her visit. Write an answer to your friend in which s
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- ask him/her about the time of the visit and explain your absence - give him/her information where to live and what to see in your city (country) - welcome him/her and suggest meeting later in the summer. •' . "
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Write a letter of at least TOO words. Do not write any dates and addresses.
A W O RK IN G LIFE
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LiueForever ^Matching headings to the paragraphs Reading for the main idea in the text
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Prediction
Look at the title of the text in Stud ent’s book p. 32 and try to predict what you will read about. Share your ideas with a partner.
Useful expressions: I (don’t) think... To my mind... From my point of view. I’m (not) sure... As I see it...
Skimming and scanning activities aj Open Student’s book p.33. You have 20 seconds to skim the text and check your predictions in
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Scan the text and underline unknown words. Compare the list with your partner. Guess the meaning from the context.
i_cj Read the text and find the words which correspond to the following definitions. 1
the smallest parts of a living thing that can exist independently
2 3
unable to escape from a boring situation very modern, working in a better and more complicated way than other things
4
a person who shares the ideas of importance of modern things,especially technologies and machines
5
to get control over something
wmm
EXAM TIPS Use the following procedure: • Read the instructions carefully and look at the text to check what needs to be done in thistype of a test. • •
Look at the title and try to predict what you will read about. Skim the text to get a general idea of meaning. If you meet new vocabulary in the text, work out what it means
• •
Read the choices A-H and underline key words. Read each paragraph, decide what the main point is, underline the key words. Headings usually summarize the paragraphs, that is why your task is to read for the main idea in each passage.
from the context.
Remember that the headings and the passages don’t use the same words. Try to find a similar phrase in the headings. •
In this task, the headings are usually listed randomly, which means that the information of the first heading might be connected to the last paragraph in the text.
•
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When you have finished, go back and check your answers.
LIVE FOREVER
Try the exam task mm Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (1-5). There are three choices you do not need to use. *- A Fully Escorted Tour В C D E F G H
The Canadian Pioneer Rockies and the Pasific Well Chosen Destination Free Niagara Falls Excursion The Executive Airport Lounge Our Door to Door Pick-up service Travel Club Terms and Conditions
Travel to Canada w ith Cook’ Tour! 160 years ago, Thomas Cook began making this wonderful world more accessible to all. Today, Cook’s Tours are well planned, fully escorted travel characterised by excellent service, quality and value. We have some exclusive offers to make your Cook’s Tour of Canada unforgettable!
0). Cooks Tour brings you the world - America, Africa, Egypt, Asia and Australia. We have chosen Canada this time for a very special offer for you as we are sure that you will fall in love with the country which you choose.
(A This classic 14 day tour is our most popular. Vancouver. Victorianstyle Victoria, then onward to Jasper and Banff in the mountains. Your free excursion arranged on this tour is a wonderful opportunity to see the whales and other marine wildlife in the coastal waters of Victoria. (3). Allow us to take the stress out of your airport journey. We will collect you from your own home, drive you to your London airport and take you back again at the end of your holiday - all part of the service. (4)________ You have nothing to worry about just as if you are travelling with a trusted friend. Your Cooks Tours Tour Manager wilt meet you at Heathrow or Gatwick and remain with you every step of the way. (5)_________ What could be nicer than to start your fabulous Cook's Tour in your own VIP area - having a snack, relaxing, meeting your fellow travellers, having a chat with your Tour Manager and when its time - make your way to the boarding gate.
LIVE FOREVER
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Gap filling (choosing which part of sentence fits into gaps in a text)
- * Reading for detailed understanding of the text structure
щр Prediction
..
. .
- .Д О Л Ш В И П И М И Я Ш П Ш М Й
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Useful expressions: I (don’t) think... To my mind... From my point of view... I’m (not) sure... As I see it...
Look at the title of the text in Student book p. 40 and try to predict what you will read about. Share your ideas with a partner.
Text structure Read the text. Find and underline all the pronouns in the text. Explain which nouns or phrases in the sentence they refer to. e.g. My best friend is a famous writer. He has written more than twenty fairy tales for children. The most popular one is called “Sunlight Drops”. He refers to my best friend. One refers to fairy tales.
Word building Fill in the table with correct words. Use a dictionary if necessary. " noun
verb
adjective
adverb
marriage popular
.......... like
exactly producer real
Try the exam task ЩШ '■ ЩЙН
Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (1-6). There are two choices you do not need to choose. •
A В C D E F G H
do not have to use this system to get more money to have a friendly welcome to check their facial expressions to help employees deliver this technology is great such as ‘you look too serious’ with small chances to find job
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In Japan, some of the busiest railway stations in the world have installed computerised ‘smile scanners’ (1)________ a better service. Tokyo has some of the busiest train stations in the world. But now passengers can be sure (2)_________from staff no matter how hardpressed they are thanks to technology. The computerised scanner works by calculating the optimum line of the smiling lips. Those with a low score are given words of advice (3)________ . The idea is that workers maintain their computerapproved smiles throughout the day. Although the railway company says that the staff at the station (4)_________ , all of them follow it. , which The employees say the scan has helped them (5)_ helped them communicate more effectively with the customers. The smile scanners have already been installed at 15 train stations on the company’s network, leaving bad-tempered workers (6 )
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REALITY TV
^Answering multiple choice questions ^Specific information and detailed comprehension
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Prediction
Useful expressions: I (don’t) think...
Look at the title of the text in Stud ent’s book p. 46 and try to predict
To my mind...
what you will read about. Share your ideas with a partner.
From my point o f view... I’m (not) sure... As I see it...
V
_ Skimming and scanning activities j a ■Open Student’s book p.46. You have 20 seconds to skim the text and check your predictions in •b
Scan the text and underline unknown words. Compare the list with your partner. Guess the meaning from the context.
ПЛ \ j Read the text and find the words which correspond to the following definitions. 1 a damage to a finger on your hand 2 a small box where bees are kept or the bees that live in this box. 3 the amount of wheat, rice, fruit etc. that is produced in a season 4 been able to produce seeds 5 producing strong emotions of sadness or pity 6 to judge how good, useful, or successful something is
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SURVIVAL
Use the following procedure: Read the instructions carefully and look at the text to check what needs to be done. Look at the title or the beginning of the text and try to predict what you will read about. Read the multiple choice questions one by one. Try to answer them in your own words without looking at the options. Now look at the alternatives and try to find the one which is closest to your version. Try to find in the text the parts that correspond to each question. Remember that the questions follow the order of the text. It means that the answer to question three may be somewhere after question two. Read the whole text in detail (scanning). Underline the key words in the questions or sentences, and then identify the part of the text where you find the answer, underline corresponding words there. If you have time, check that the other alternatives are wrong. If there are pronouns in А. В, C or D, try to replace them with the nouns they refer to in the text. Do not look for the same words in A, D, C or D and the text. Think which synonyms may be used and take the one which is closest in meaning to the text. Multiple choice questions often ask about the author’s opinion and these questions are usually located in the end of the test. Read the" whole text, not only the last part of it. Try to summarize the text in your own words, this will help you find the correct answer. a as $
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Try the exam task Open Students book p.46 .Read the text. For questions (1-5) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). 1. The passage is primarily about A a threat to the mankind В decreasing crops in America C beekeepers’ business problems D mobile companies development
2. According to the text, thousands of bees sometimes can not return to their hives because of . A cell phones rays В beekepers’ errors C scientific experiments D bad weather conditions
4. Which of the following does the pronoun 'them' in the last paragraph refer to? A В C D
insects beekepers bees’ houses mobile phones
5. What can be inferred from the text about the mobile phone theory? A Cell phones should be banned. В Cell phone waves influence crops. C Beekeepers’ business depends on mobile phones. D Bees' behaviour is influenced by cell phone waves.
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about mobile phones? A В C D
They They They They
might harm people’s health. become smarter and cheaper. are helpful communication tools. may cause damage to our houses.
SURVIVAL
*Use of English (grammar) *Multiple-choice cloze, choosing which word from a choice of four fits in each of S gaps in the text
Prediction Open Student’s book p.54. Read texts ‘Jane Eyre' and ‘Dracula'. In pairs, prepare a grammar gap fill task for one of these texts. Delete one part of speech from each sentence, think about four grammar options for it. Ask your partner to complete the sentences with the correct word and let him or her explain the choice. Exchange your ideas.
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Word building
Look at the five words^taken fram4:he-4:€xt-^ane.£yre!. How many different words can you form with each one? Work in pairs. A good dictionary will help you. Make sentences with as many new words as possible. live
living, alive, lively, liveliness, life, lifeless...
My examples: decide My examples: governess My examples: і fascinating My examples: disaster My examples:
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GOOD AND EVIL
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Try the exam task Read the text below. For questions (1-5) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Billy Knights, a retired farmer began designing and (1)________ the Water Gardens in 1970 in his 70th year. The site was a damp meadow (2) became too wet for cattle to breed. Mr. Knights son suggested him (3)________ a water garden. Mr. Knight draw a plan on the back (4)_________ a piece of wallpaper. Soon he had machines digging out the ponds and waterways. He worked on his garden with love and enthusiasm until he died aged 93. For over 20 years the gardens (5)_________ to the public. 1
A create
В creation
C created
D creating
2
A why
В which
C when
D who
3
A to make
В make
C made
D making
4
A on
В of
C in
D with
5
A were opening
В had opened
C had been opened
D opened
Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Animal lovers worldwide have been moved by a photo (6)_________ a beautiful moment between John Unger from Wisconsin and his (7)_________ rescue dog, Schoep, as they swam together in Lake Superior. Schoep has arthritis and will fall asleep during a (8)_________ evening swim with his companion. “My (9)_________ is documenting relationships, whether it’s a wedding or a man and his dog,’’ the photographer Hudson said. When she posted the photo to Facebook page, the response was overwhelming. So far, it (10)_________ more than 230,000 likes, 25,000 comments and 134,000 shares. 6
A showing
В show
C shows
D showed
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A 19-years-old
В 19 year old
C 19-year-old
D 19-year-olds
8
A soothe
В soothed
C sooth
D soothing
9
A special
В speciality
C specialist
D special
10
A has received
В received
C have received
D receives
GO O D AND EVIL
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*Use of English (vocabulary) v- ^Multiple-choice cloze. Choosing which word from a choice of four fits in each of 10 gaps in the text. v
Prediction a
Read this passage taken from a newspaper article and try to think which words might fill the gaps. It is being claimed that the millionth word in the English language is about to b e _____________ . One com pany______________ follows the use of language on the internet has made the prediction. However traditional dictionary makers aren’t so sure.
j b і Work with a partner. From the table below try to choose the correct options. Explain your choice. ..... A combined
В designed
C created
A which
В whose
C who
Phrasal verbs Fill in the phrasal verbs given below in the correct form
look for
look after
look forward to look at
1. I’ve always________ my Grandmother. 2. Could you help me __________ my glasses, please? 3. i’m ______________ seeing you again. 4. She likes t o _____________ the stars at night.
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BE HONEST
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...
D made D what
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Use the following procedure: • •
Read the instructions carefully and look at the text to check what needs to be put into gaps. Read the text for general understanding (skimming).
•
Read the text before and after the gap carefully. Try to think what the missing word might be, then look at A, В. C and D and decide which of the four is the closest to the meaning you thought. • This task tests your knowledge of collocations (words that belong together) - ‘solve a problem’, of linking words - 'although, despite’, determiners, pronouns, demonstratives, quantifiers - ‘that, those, some, any, several, all’, possessive adjectives - ‘your, his’, phrasal verbs, prepositions, articles. * • Your choice must fit in with the meaning of the text. Only one option is intended to be correct, the other three options are very similar in meaning to the correct one. • In some tasks the difference between words is rather slight, so try to eliminate impossible choices first, and then decide which of two or three best fits or does not fit so well. In this type of test you should know the exact meaning of the word or its collocations. A good monolingual dictionary will help you. Don’t forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review your notes from time to time. e.g. But there’s a big difference between doing something wrong like staying________ too late, and committing a crime.
В away
A at
C on
D out
The only preposition that makes sense here is out - to be outdoors, in the street. • Read through the whole text and check that your answers make sense.
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Try the exam task c-M
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•1
'
Read the text below. For questions (1-Ю) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Francis Joyon has become the first person to sail alone (1)________ the world in less than 73 days, (2)_________ the old record by 20 days, and setting a mark that will be difficult to beat. Before he (3)________ in November, there were fears that Francis joyon would be unable to control his huge boat named IDEC. With its three hulls slicing through the water and a massive rotating mast that reached 30 metres into the sky, the boat was built in 1986 for a crew often. It was feared that (4)_________ a boat would be too powerful for one man in the rough seas of the Southern Ocean. But Joyon has smashed all the (5)_________, and remarkably came home to the port of Brest only 11 days outside the outright record set by another Frenchman Bruno Peyron (6)_________, with a full crew of 14, (7)________ the circumnavigation two years ago. Joyon’s effort (8)_________ an incredible achievement by Robin Knox Johnston, the first man to sail non-stop around the world. Joyon was aided by favourable winds, but as other sailors prepare new boats for (9)________ the record, they may find that Joyon has raised it to a level that will be unbeatable (10)_________a long time.
1
A about
В around
C round
D along
2
A attacking
В kicking
C hitting
D beating
3
A set off
В set on
C set in
D set down
4
A like
В as
C such
D so
5
A records
В results
C effects
D levels
6
A who
В which
C that
D why
7
A achieved
В succeeded
C ended
D completed
8
A was called
В was asked
C was named
D was told
9
A making
В cracking
C smashing
D breaking
10
A at
В to
C for
D in
BE HONEST
23
^
^Writing for a specific reader *Wr»ting a format letter applying for a summer job (an application letter)
ig j| Prediction a
Have you ever been in a wildlife theme park? When did you go there and who with? W hat impressions have you got there? Have you made any pictures of nature and animals there?
[bj You have just read the following advertisement in a local newspaper
Wildlife Theme Park Like working outdoors? Physically fit? Love animals and adventures? W ant to earn some m oney? Looking for part-tim e job?
If the answer is ‘yes’, we would like to hear from you! Please, write to Mr. Bears.
| c j Before writing a letter, use your imagination and answer the following questions: 1. 2.
How old are you?
3.
W hat kind of person are you?
4.
W hat is the title of your local newspaper?
Do you have pets at home?
5.
When did you read this advertisement?
6.
Which job are you interested in?
7
How will you begin your letter?
8.
Give at least three reasons why you think that you are suitable for this position. What additional information do you need to make a final decision?
9.
10. How will you finish your letter?
[T] Share your answers with a partner. W hat other information about the possible work in a Wildlife Theme Park may interest you and your friends? In pairs write 3-4 questions, ask and answer them.
24
THE TRUTH IS OUT THERE
Practice Read this letter of application. There are eight gaps in it. Work in pairs to fill the gaps with the correct word (a verb, a noun, a pronoun, an article, an adjective, an adverb or a preposition).
Dear Mr. Bears, I am writing to enquire about a place of a part-time guide in your theme park ‘Wonder Land’ (1) ________ (who, which, why) I found in the latest issue of our local newspaper ‘Today’. I found the advertised post extremely interesting for me because I have always dreamt to try (2) ________ (me, myself, mine) in this sphere. I am sure that this position (3)__________ (fits, fitting, fit) my expectations of a perfect part-time job for a young person. I would like to apply for it because I like working (4)_________ (to, with, about) animals. As for my experience, every weekend I help my grandparents, (5)_________(who, which, that) live in the country, to look after the animals and birds in their small farm. Speaking (6)_________ (to, for, about) myself, I am a hard-working, sporty, responsible and organized person. I know very well that this job requires these features. I am ready (7)_________ (start, starting, to start) work immediately. I would be happy to answer your questions at (8)________ (some, any, no) time convenient to you. ! I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Simon Eagle.
THE TRUTH IS O UT THERE
25
Use the following procedure: • Read the instructions carefully before you decide what type of letter to write. • Underline key words and phrases in the task, e.g. an editor of their newsletter, a good knowledge of English. • Make notes on the letter and highlight them to make sure you answer all of them. • Make notes on how to expand them. Decide on reasons, details and explanations for each of the notes on the letter. • Remember that you write to people who you do not know personally or do not know well that is why use the formal style. e.g. The title and name of the addressee must be written on the left hand side of the page: Dear Mr. White Dear Mrs. Morson Dear Ms. Wong •
If the name of the person you are writing to is unknown you should begin the letter with a title: e.g. To the Manager o f the Store, To the Editor or Dear Sir. Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sirs.
•
Before the signing off use an ending or closing sentence Thank you in anticipation for..., I look forward to...
•
Such closing remarks form a separate paragraph. When signing off, write Yours sincerely (if you address the person by name) or Yours faithfully (if you do not know the name of the addressee). It is useful to remember some typical phrases (opening and closing remarks, indirect questions) that can be
•
used in any kind of a formal letter. Organize your writing in a logical way. Your letter must be clear and brief. Use appropriate linking words and
•
Try to use different phrases to express the same idea,
•
expressions (moreover, nevertheless, in addition, furthermore).
e.g. I am writing to ask for information... I am writing to enquire... Avoid using chatty, informal expressions, slang, idioms, phrasal verbs, contractions, direct questions and • •
exclamations. When you have finished, read the notes again. Have you included everything? Divide your letter into paragraphs. Remember that ideas related to the different aspects of a topic should be
•
Use the same style from the beginning to the end of the letter.
•
Write a rough draft first, then rewrite it and correct possible mistakes.
•
Check the word limit, your grammar and spelling.
grouped together in separate paragraphs.
Ф е ®# » #» » » ®® * » ®® » # ® ® * * # # » * » ®* * ®® ® ®® * ® * * ® ®® ®# ® ®® ## #®
THE TRUTH IS OUT THERE
Try the exam task You have seen an advertisement in an English youth magazine. They look for an editor of their newsletter. Their requirements include good knowledge of English, a driving license, computer and communication skills. They offer flexible working hours, business trips and a good salary. Write a letter to the editor of the magazine in which - explain why you are interested in this position - describe your qualification and experience і and . ‘ - give reasons why you are a suitable candidate.
■
Write a letter of at least TOO words. Do not write your own name, any dates, addresses or other personal information. Start your letter in an appropriate way.
THE TRUTH IS OUT THERE
27
*Use of English (vocabulary) *Multiple-ch6ice cloze, choosing which word from a choice of four fits in each of 10 gaps m the text
Vocabulary T | Open Student’s book p. 74. Read the text M ysterious Stones, pick up different parts of speech from it and ask your partner to write down a word which has a similar meaning to it. Use a good dictionary if possible. e.g. mysterious - puzzling a lot - much Exchange your lists. b
Now write down a word which has the opposite meaning. e.g. started - finished, ended there - here A mindmap is a diagram used to visually outline information. A mind map is often created around a single word , placed in the center, to which associated ideas, words are added. Mindmaps can be drawn by hand, they help us to broaden and memorize new vocabulary. e.g. leisure
vacation
picnic
holidays
child’s play
a piece of cake
vac (inf.)
leisure
nouns:
adjectives:
verbs:
holidays,
joyous,
play,
vacation,
funny,
do sports,
picnic, fun
exciting
watch TV
FoirHie EXAM T1PS see page 20-21.
28
і
MYSTERIOUS PLACES
Try the exam task
. -
. .
,
V.
,
Read the text below. For questions (1-10) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). In 335 B.C., the Greek philosopher and writer, Plato, wrote a tale about a splendid empire on a (1)_________ _ island in ‘ the Atlantic Ocean. He called this empire Atlantis. But historians and writers have questioned whether Plato’s tale was truth or (2)_________ .
.
According to Plato, Atlantis had a very advanced civilization, with written laws, with people highly (3)_________ in engineering, and with magnificent temples of gold, silver, and ivory. Plato described how the armies of Atlantis conquered (4)_________ of Europe and Africa, but were (5)_________ by the Greeks. Since Plato’s time, (6) , who believed that Atlantis (7)__________have been searching for the lost continent. They have searched in the Atlantic, in the Mediterranean, and in the Aegean Sea. The most popular (8)_________ today is that the tiny Greek island of Santorin, which is a gigantic volcanic crater in the Aegean, is none other than the long-lost Atlantis. But no actual (9)_________ of this real or mythical civilization have been found. Many writers of adventure tales have told of Atlantis. One of the most famous, perhaps, is Jules Verne. In 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, Verne takes his heroes on an (10)_________ of Atlantis on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.
1
A imaginary
В fairy
C fabulous
D mythical
2
A legend
В fiction.
C fable
D lie
3
A skilled
В motivated
C educated
D practiced
4
A pieces
В areas
C bits
D parts
5
A beaten
В disappointed
C defeated
D frustrated
6
A explorers
В volunteers
C adventurers
D scientists
7
A inhabited
В existed
Csurvived
D lived
8
A story
В possibility
C belief
D theory
9
A remains
В collections
C objects
D subjects
10
A probation
В examination
C exploration
D investigation
M YSTERIO US PLACES
29
*Gap filling (choosing which part of sentence fits into gaps in a text) ^Reading for detailed understanding o f the text
Prediction
Useful expressions:
Open Student’s book p. 87. Skim the text Ex. 10a and think of the possible heading. Share your ideas with a partner.
^
I (don’t) think... To my mind... From my point of view... I’m (not) sure... As I see it...
Text Structure
Scan the text. Find and underline all the pronouns in the text. Explain which nouns or phrases in the sentence they refer to.
iff
Vocabulary
Find the words in the text which have opposite meaning to the following ones: least *
older bad never straight small dull unimportant 'impatient 1 adult negative
1
л
іЛ
Try the exam task
Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (1-6). There are two choices you do not need to choose. A
becam e a national hero
В
asked them for help
C
that he had grown up
D so he kept going
E to dig the ground handed them his entry form G where he first gained fame H to round up the sheep
F
The Best o f Success The year was 1983. In Australia, the long-distance foot race from Sydney to Melbourne was about to begin, covering 875 kilometers—more than 500 miles! About 150 world-class athletes had entered a six-day event. So race officials were amazed when a 61-year-otd man approached and (1)_________ . His name was Cliff Young, and his “racing kit” included overalls and galoshes over his work boots. At first, they refused to let him enter. So he explained (2)_________ on a 2,000-acre farm, with thousands of sheep. His family had neither horses nor tractors so, when the storms came, his job was (3)________ . He said that sometimes it would take two or three days of running. Finally, they let Cliff enter, and the race began. The others quickly left him behind, shuffling along in his galoshes. But he didn’t know that the race plan included stopping each night to rest,
(4)_______ • By the fifth day, he had caught them all. won the race, and (5) . He continued to compete in long-distance races until he was 70. He was an inspiration to millions and a great encourager of younger runners. In his honour and memory, the organizers of the race (6)_________ changed its name to the Cliff Young Australian Six Day Race.
LOVE
31
^Reading for the main ideas in the texts ^Matching headings to the paragraphs
&
Prediction [T| Do you know any sayings and proverbs? Think about one saying or a proverb and try to explain in other words what it means.
Synonyms and paraphrasing
Match sayings (1-5) with their explanations (A-E). Think about similar sayings in your language. 1
There is no time like the present.
e.g. Walls have ears - used to warn people to be careful what they say because other people
2
Silence is golden.
3
Out of sight, out of mind.
may be listening.
4
Practise makes perfect.
5
When pigs fly.
childhood which can prove that sayings are
A
It is often best not to say anything.
often true. Share your story with a class.
В
You do not believe that something will ever
C
happen. Somebody will quickly be forgotten when
D
they are no longer with you. Now is the best time to do something, not
ГП Now try to remember some episode from your
E
in the future. If you do something regularly and try to improve your skill, you will become very good at it.
Barking dogs
A great talker
seldom bite.
is a great liar.
В И В Н м ю ш ш Ж
#
Use the following procedure: Read the instructions carefully and look at the text to check what needs to be done in this type of a test. •
Skim the texts to get a general idea of meaning. You need to understand the main idea of eachparagraph. you meet new vocabulary in the texts, work out what it means from the context.
• •
Read the headings A-H and underline key words. Underline expressions with similar meanings in the texts. The headings do not use the samewordsas the texts.
•
Go on to the next question even if you are not sure of the answer to the previous one.
* •8
0 % «> I» S>
ЩМ
32
t, r і
When you've finished the easy questions, go back and have another go at the difficult ones. If you still don't know - guess.
REGRET
If
# « #
Read the texts below and think about the best sayings for all of them. Explain your choice to your classmates. A A sound mind in a sound body. В A little sympathy goes a long way. C D E F G
Lost time is never found again. A word warmly said gives comfort even to a cat. Two heads are better than one. A word is enough to the wise. Silence is gold. Think before you speak.
Try the exam task Read the texts below. Match choices (A-H) to (1-5). There are three choices you do not need to use. We all know that people talk in very different ways, and that conversations are easy with some people and difficult with others. Understanding motivation is the key to managing these conversations. Read the descriptions below and see if you can identify a motivator for people who want A В C D E F G H
to find a good job to be independent to complain to get an advice to influence to be helpful. to be flexible. to get married
1. Some people feel very good when they are modest, caring and supportive. They feel great when they see others feeling good. They may ask a lot of polite questions to make others feel welcome and accepted. 2. Some people are primarily motivated by the possibility of achieving results . They see themselves as self-confident, ambitious and persuasive. They may like to talk about like challenge and competition because they feel that they control their environment. 3.____________ Some people are motivated by order and stability. Their social style is practical, analytical, reserved and fair. They feel good when everything is organized and they are autonomous. In social conversations, they may be rather quiet if they feel this is the best way to maintain their own autonomy. 4._____________ Some people are motivated by the wish to be adaptable. They see themselves as curious and open to change and to compromise. In conversations, they make great efforts. They often have a group focus and will work to create harmony.
; I 5.______________ Some people fell themselves very bad if they are lonely or without any friends. They like to talk about their problems, and lack of success in achieving their goals. People are sometimes completely exhausted after having a conversation with them.
REGRET
і
33
*Use of English (grammar) ^Multiple-choice cloze, choosing which word from a choice of four fits in each o f 5 gaps in the text
Open Stu d en ts book page 96. Skim text 3 and think of a heading for it. Share your ideas with a partner.
£j Scan this text and prepare a gap fill exercise for your partner. Delete 5 words from the text and think about three more grammar options for them. e.g. Mary suddenly heard a strange noise_____________ from the dark house. A came
В coming C come D comes У
Ask your partner to fill in the gaps. Exchange your ideas.
For the EXAM T!PS see page 6-7.
34
|
HOPES AND FEARS
3 3
Try the exam task
Read the text below. For questions (1-5) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Why Do Olympians Bite Their Medals? The tradition probably comes from the old practice of testing whether (1)_________ was really gold or not. Gold is a very soft metal and if it is pure, you should be able to leave some teeth marks in it by (2)_________ it. Obviously Olympic gold medals today are not made of solid gold. Rather, the gold medals are made ,(3)_________ of silver. Despite the fact that none of the athletes are actually trying to make marks on their medals or checking (4)_________authenticity, the photographers simply won’t let it die as it makes a more interesting shot over an Olympic medalist (5)_________ holding their medal up next to their faces. 1
A anything
В something
C someone
D anyone
2
A bite
В biting
C to bite
D bites
3
A the mostly
В the most
C most
D mostly
4
A in
В to
C for
D out
5
A simply
В simple
C simpliest
D simplier ■
Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Giving Up Hat Secret Archaeologists believe that they (6)_________ one ancient mystery surrounded the famous Easter Island statues. The island, which is 2,500 miles off the coast of Chile, is one of the (7)_________ most remote places inhabited by people. Up to 1,000 years ago, the islanders started putting giant red hats on the statues. Scientists think the hats were rolled down from an ancient volcano. Each hat, (8)_________ several tones, was carved (9)_________volcanic rock. They were placed on the heads of the famous statues all around the coast of the island. However, how and why the hats (10)_________ is still unknown. 6
A has solved
В solved
C have solved
D are solved
7
A world’s
В wordls
C world
D worlds’
8
A weighs
В weighed
C weigh
D weighing
9
A with
В from
C by
D out
10
A have been attached
В were attached
C are attached
D was attached
HOPES AND FEARS
35
^Answering multiple choice questions ^Specific inform ation and detailed comprehension
Prediction
Useful expressions:
Look at the title of the text in Stud ent’s book p. 102 and try to predict what you will read about. Share your ideas with a partner.
I (don’t) think... To my mind... From my point of view. I’m (not) sure... As I see it...
Skimming and scanning Open Student’s book p.102. You have 20 seconds to skim the text and check your predictions. bj Scan the text and underline unknown words. Compare the list with your partner. Guess the meaning from the context.
m
fife- V»
Try the exam task Open Students book on p. 102. Read the Text. For questions (1-5) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). 1. The author wrote the passage in order to A evaluate the level of life in Denmark В represent the Danish government policy C help the readers understand keys to successful life D compare life in Denmark with other European countries. 2. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the author? A В C D
It
36
The Danes trust all foreigners. Danish people lead a busy social life. The level of education is high in Denmark. The Danish government carries out a successful tax policy.
HAPPINESS
3. The word ‘hygge’ in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to A В C D
an informal party a traditional festival a family anniversary a wedding ceremony.
4. The refuse collector is proud when doing his job because he A В C D
loves to have power earns a lot of money makes a good career likes his position
5. Most Danes are the happiest people in the world because they A do not lock their possessions В love to spend time with friends C use eco-friendly means of transport D do not think much about their income
Task 1 Read the texts below. Match choices (A - H) to (1 - 5). There are three choices you do not need to use. How to Keep Your Brain Fit W e exercise our bodies, but what good is that great body if you don’t have the mental • capabilities to go with it? If you want to strengthen your brain, try these expert-recommended strategies to help you remember.
1.________________________________ To remind yourself of a chore (write a thank-you note, go to the dry cleaner), give yourself an unusual physical reminder. Place a shoe or a piece of fruit on the stack of bills, and later, when you spot the out-of-place object, you’ll remember to take care of them. 2 .___________________________________ Many of us learned “ROY G BIV” to remember the colours of the rainbow. Make up your own method to memorize names (Suzanne’s kids are Adam, Patrick and Elizabeth, or “APE”), lists (milk, eggs, tomatoes, soda, or “ METS”) or computer commands (to shut down your PC, hit Control+Alt+Delete, or “CAD”). 3. ____________________________________________ When you are making a mental grocery, remember it according to major body parts. Start at your feet and work your way up. So if you have to buy glue, cat food and toothpaste, you might picture your foot stuck in glue, a cat on your knee looking for food and a toothbrush in your mouth. 4. ___________________________________ W ith the Roman room technique, you associate your shopping list with the rooms of your house. Imagine apples hanging from the lamp in your hall, spilled cereal all over the living room sofa, shampoo bubbles in the kitchen sink and cheese on your table. 5. _________________________________________ Draw a picture in your mind, e.g. 0 looks like a b a ll; 1 is a pen; 2 is a swan; 4 is a sailboat; 6 is a pipe; 8 is a snowman; and 9 is a tennis racket. To remember your 4298 PIN, imagine yourself on a sailboat (4), when a swan (2) tries to attack you. You hit it with a tennis racket (9), and it turns into a snowman (8). Try forgetting that image! A
Practice Your ABCs
В
Shape Your Numbers
C
Use Your Body
D
Read It, Type It, Say It, Hear It
E
Start a Ritual
F
Rhyme It
G
Try Mnemonic Devices
H
Go Roman
Task 2 Read the text below. For questions (6 - 10) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D).
Gardening: the Beginnings The modern garden has a history going back many thousands of years. Early humans were hunters and gatherers, and didn’t usually stay in one place for a long time, instead they travelled from place following the food (plants and animals) according to the seasons. During the Neolithic period (over 10 000 years ago) this slowly began to change, humans started to domesticate certain plants, which meant they could remain in one place and grow their own food. The first “garden” was a vegetable garden, where early humans cultivated different types of plants for food. Evidence of early agriculture in Europe includes eatable plants such as wheat or lentils, but also includes more ornamental plants for decorative purposes. Herbs for medicine and spices for flavouring or preserving food were grown. Certain plants also had spiritual value and were not only grown because they were useful. Gardens today are places to go and relax, but have had many purposes over the years. In the past they were planted to honor the gods, or used in traditional ceremonies such as weddings. Certain trees were also sacred and many cultures believed gardens were holy.
They were also a way to show that their owners were rich or powerful. Ancient rulers created huge gardens to display their wealth, in the same way that large palaces were symbols of prosperity. In Roman times the garden became an extension of the house, representing the owner’s status in society. Sir Francis Bacon described gardens as ‘‘the purest of human pleasures” Pleasure and happiness are ideas linked with gardens. The ancient Greeks believed growing food was a job for the poor, but gardens were places for enjoyment. The English word ‘paradise’ comes from the ancient Persian word ‘pairidaez’ - meaning ‘a walled space, a garden’. As gardens have developed over the years, design and beauty have become more and more important. Humans have learned to control nature and to design gardens precisely, like a work of art or a building. The gardens of Versailes, in France, are an excellent example of ’’garden architecture” - everything is symmetrical and even the trees are pruned to fit in with the design.
9
A В C D
The author’s mentions all of the following purposes of early agriculture EXCEPT curing people preventing food presenting richness selling products
7 A В C D
The author uses “gardens” as an example of real masterpiece recent invention tiresome activity historical sight
10 A В C
6
A В C D
D 8 A В D C 38
In paragraph 4, the word “they” could be best replaced by parks bushes gardens buildings
The words “garden architecture” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to parks with statues walls made of bushes trees planted appropriately buildings decorated with plants W hat is the purpose of the article? To discuss environmental issues. To inspire the readers to visit gardens. To show differences between gardens and parks. To expand our knowledge about kinds of gardens.
Read the texts below. Match choices (A — H) to (11 - 16). There are three choices you do not need to use. W orld Heritage List If you think about World Heritage sites, you probably think of places associated with ancient art and culture, historical buildings and monuments. And of course, many of these are on the World Heritage List (WHL). 11 Citadel of Haiti These monuments, which the W H L describes as ‘a universal symbol of liberty’, were built at the end of the 19th century when Haiti became independent and the many thousands black slaves there were free for the first time. 12 Robben Island in South Africa This island is probably most famous as a maximum-security prison for political prisoners in the 20th century. The W H L says it represents ‘the triumph of democracy and freedom over oppression and racism’. 13 The Darjeeling Himalayan Railw ay in India This railway was opened in 1881 and is still operating today. It crosses a difficult area of mountain landscape and it is a great example of railway engineering. The W H L says that it is ‘the first, and still the most outstanding, example of a hill passenger railway'. 14 Borders of France and Spain This is an area of great natural beauty where people still use a type of agriculture that used to be common in mountains areas of Europe. The W H L has listed the site because it shows us about ‘past European society through its landscape of villages, farms, fields and mountain roads’. 15 The city of Brasilia, Brasil Brasilia is a capital city that was created from nothing in 1956. The different area of the city and buildings themselves were all designed at the same time so that they would harmonize with each other. Every part of the city shows the ideas of the planner and architect. 16 Alto Douro, Portugal This is an area in the North of Portugal where wine has been produced for thousands of years. The W H L says that this long tradition of winemaking ‘has produced a cultural landscape of outstanding beauty that reflects its technological, social and economic revolution’. The W H L says it is important to preserve this place because i t __________ . A
is an impressive example of a mountain train
В
describes the study of our planet
C
is the world emblem of freedom
D
shows the way of life people used to live
E
reflects development in all aspects of life
F
shows a great victory over apartheid
G
it is a spectacular mountainous area
H
has been designed proportionally
Read the text below. Choose from (A - H) the one which best fits each space (17 - 22). There are two choices you do not need to use.
Viking Ship A replica of an eleventh century Viking longboat has set sail from Denmark across the North Sea on a voyage to the Irish capital, Dublin. The vessel is a reproduction of the ‘Sea Stallion from Glendalough’ (17)__________. Thousands of onlookers cheered the replica Viking longboat (18)__________ under sunny skies. It’s the start of a nine-hundred nautical mile journey for the sixty-five man crew (19)__________. The original vessel was built in the Glendalough Forest south of Dublin in 1040, at a time (20)__________. It took part in sea battles with the Normans before the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. But the long boat was deliberately sunk, along with four other ships, in the Roskilde fjord in Denmark at the end of the eleventh century(21) from Norway.
from invading Vikings
Shipbuilders from Denmark, Norway and the Faroe Islands took part in the building of the replica, using the same methods as the Vikings and with tools made to resemble those employed in the Viking era. But unlike the original crew, today’s are equipped with radar and other navigation aids with a support vessel (22)__________ . A
40
who was one of the most famous sailors
В
when it was rowed out of the port of Roskilde
C
which is the largest Viking warship ever built
D
which is followed in case they get into trouble
E
that is expected to take nearly seven weeks
F
when the area was settled by Vikings
G
that were of enormous size and strength
H
where it was sent to protect the Danish coast
Read the text below. For questions (23 - 32) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D).
The New Seven W onders The results of a worldwide vote to choose the New Seven Wonders of the W orld have been (23)_________ at a ceremony in Lisbon. In contrast to the wonders of the ancient world, the new list (24)__________ from an exercise in which tens of millions of votes were cast by people around the world. The seven wonders chosen in a global (25)__________ in which a hundred-million votes were said to have been cast online, by phone and by text message were announced one by one in random order towards the end of a glitzy (26)__________ in Lisbon. First came the Great W all of China, said to be the only monument (27)__________from space. Its certificate was handed over to Chinese officials by Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon. Next up was Petra, the stone-carved ancient city in Jordan, whose royal family (28)__________ a campaign for it. Rio de Janeiro's Statue of Christ the Redeemer also made the cut after an (29)_________ by Brazil’s president for his compatriots to vote. There were two other winners from the Americas - Machu Picchu in Peru and Chichen Itza in Mexico - representatives of ancient civilizations unknown to Antipater of Sidon, the Greek writer who(30)__________the original list of wonders two-thousand-two-hundred years ago. The last two wonders were Rome’s Colosseum, described in its introduction as a (31)__________ of joy and suffering, and the Taj Mahal. That was announced by Hollywood star Bipasha Basu who, along (32)__________Oscar-winning actors Ben Kingsley and Hilary Swank presented the ceremony.
23 A announced
В described
C informed
D said
24 A started
В appeared
C emerged
D came
25 A poll
В election
C procedure
D process
26 A occasion
В tradition
C situation
D ceremony
27 A looked
В visible
C shown
D pictured
28 A made
В led
C caused
D ruled
29 call
В request
C interest
D appeal
30 A drew up
В got up
C rose up
D stood up
31 A sign
В example
C symbol
D status
32 A for
В to
C as
D with
Read the text below. For questions (23 - 32) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D).
The New Seven W onders The results of a worldwide vote to choose the New Seven Wonders of the W orld have been (23)_________ at a ceremony in Lisbon. In contrast to the wonders of the ancient world, the new list (24)__________ from an exercise in which tens of millions of votes were cast by people around the world. The seven wonders chosen in a global (25)__________ in which a hundred-million votes were said to have been cast online, by phone and by text message were announced one by one in random order towards the end of a glitzy (26)__________ in Lisbon. First came the Great W all of China, said to be the only monument (27)__________from space. Its certificate was handed over to Chinese officials by Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon. Next up was Petra, the stone-carved ancient city in Jordan, whose royal family (28)__________ a campaign for it. Rio de Janeiro's Statue of Christ the Redeemer also made the cut after an (29)_________ by Brazil’s president for his compatriots to vote. There were two other winners from the Americas - Machu Picchu in Peru and Chichen Itza in Mexico - representatives of ancient civilizations unknown to Antipater of Sidon, the Greek writer who(30)__________the original list of wonders two-thousand-two-hundred years ago. The last two wonders were Rome’s Colosseum, described in its introduction as a (31)__________ of joy and suffering, and the Taj Mahal. That was announced by Hollywood star Bipasha Basu who. along (32)__________Oscar-winning actors Ben Kingsley and Hilary Swank presented the ceremony.
23 A announced
В described
C informed
D said
24 A started
В appeared
C emerged
D came
25 A poll
В election
C procedure
D process
26 A occasion
В tradition
C situation
D ceremony
27 A looked
В visible
C shown
D pictured
28 A made
В led
C caused
D ruled
29 call
В request
C interest
D appeal
30 A drew up
В got up
C rose up
D stood up
31 A sign
В example
C symbol
D status
32 A for
В to
C as
D with
Task 6 Read the text below. For questions (33-42) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D).
Creating Cultures W e usually have many conversations (33)__________ the same people over time. This process can be seen as an important culture-building activity between individuals and within groups. As people learn more about each other, patterns of interaction become (34)__________ and create a framework for (35)__________business together. People with cultural competence use conversations to create the right culture (36)_________ them. They remember and recycle key facts and stories from past conversations when they meet people. This builds a common history and identity that supports teamwork and encourages open communication. Seen like this, conversation competence is a leadership requirement in multinational organizations, (37)__________ team cultures have to be established quickly in the face of diversity. ■■ 33 A to
В with
C and
....... D but
34 A establish ......... 35 A doing
В establishing
C has established
D established
В do
C be doing
D being done
36 A out
В about
C around
D at
37 A when
В where
C that
D why
Rainforest in London The stumps of ten rainforest trees (38)__________ around London’s Trafalgar Square to highlight the issue (39 ) __________ deforestation. Ghost Forest, by artist Angela Palmer, will remain in the square until Friday. The ten stumps arrived overnight, having been shipped by the artist, Angela Palmer, from a sustainable forestry in Ghana. Most had fallen naturally, and the (4 0 )______ . trees would have been as tall as Nelson’s column. But now the stumps are laid out across the square as an artwork, although one with a purpose to show people what exactly has been lost through (41)__________ and also to celebrate the work in Ghana to promote responsible logging. The trees (42)__________ to make another journey after this temporary exibition, to Copenhagen and the forthcoming UN climate change conference. 38 A has been ...placed
В had been placed
C have been placed
D were placed
39 A of
В from
C out
D off
40 A origins
В original
C origin
D originally
41 A forester
В forest
C reforestation
D deforestation
42 A has
В must
C have
D should
i