Галина Ващук. More about LONDON by kpschool16

Управління освіти і науки Кам’янець-Подільської міської ради Науково-методичний центр Навчально-виховний комплекс № 16

Галина Ващук

MORE ABOUT LONDON

Кам’янець-Подільський 2015

Рецензент: Гуменюк І. І., кандидат філологічних наук, старший викладач кафедри англійської мови Кам’янецьПодільського національного університету імені Івана Огієнка

Ващук Г. І. More About London : посібник / Г. І. Ващук. – Кам’янець-Подільський, 2015. – 67 с. Посібник містить корисну інформацію про столицю країни, мова якої вивчається. Тексти дають можливість збільшити словниковий запас, а вправи розвивають логічне мислення, увагу та сприяють удосконаленню мовної компетенції школярів. Видання передбачене для використання на уроках англійської мови у 5–9-х класах.

Usage is the best language teacher.

Передмова (Preface) Вивчення іноземної мови неможливе без здатності сприймати інформацію на слух. Саме тому аудіювання є невід’ємною складовою навчального процесу на уроках англійської мови. Аудіювання забезпечує збагачення словникового сприймати

запасу

англійську

вдосконалити вимову й

учнів, мову

розвиває на

слух,

здатність допомагає

інтонацію. Все це є вкрай

важливим для формування мовної компетенції учнів. Запропоновані в посібнику тексти та вправи містять лексику, розмовні звороти та вирази, притаманні англійській мові, а також цікаву інформацію про Лондон.

Addresses

All the houses in cities have numbers on them. In England when a man wants to say where he lives he says, “I live at fifteen, Spring Street”, or “I live at forty-five, River Street”. Streets in cities always had names. But in old days the houses in them had no numbers. Some of the English houses had signs on them or in front of them.

When a man wanted to give his address, he said “I live in Spring Street near the church. My house has two birds on the door.” Or: “I live in River Street near the Black Cat Inn.” When a man wanted to find an address, he came to the Street and looked at the signs. Or he had to go from house to house and ask, “Can you tell me where John Grover lives?” When cities were not very big and the streets were not long, people did not need numbers on their houses. A boy or a girl in the street could tell you how to go to the Black Cat Inn. But when the cities began to be very big, people began to put numbers on their houses. Today the even numbers are on one side of the street and the odd numbers are on the other.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Number – число, номер Sign- знак, вивіска In front – перед Church – церква 5

Even numbers – парні числа Odd numbers – непарні числа 2. Agree or disagree: 1. Streets in cities always had names. 2. The English houses had no signs on them. 3. When a man wanted to find an address, he came to the street and looked at the signs. 4. When the cities were small people did not need numbers on their houses. 5. Today there are no even and odd numbers on the sides of the street.

3. Fill in the words: 1. In England when a … wants to say where he … he says, “I live at fifteen, Spring Street.” 2. But in old days the …in them had no … 3. Some of the … houses had … on them or in front of them.

4. When a man wanted to find an …, he came to the Street and looked at the…. 5. When cities were not very … and the streets were not …, people did not need … on their houses. 6. Today the … numbers are on one side of the street and the … numbers are on the other.

At the Hotel

Travelling people almost always have to stay at a hotel. In London there are a lot of big and small, expensive and cheap hotels. On arrival at a hotel visitors go to the reception desk in the vestibule and ask for a room. Of course, it is better to book a room in advance by letter or by telegram. If there are free rooms in the hotel, the receptionist will ask the visitors to fill in a registration form. The visitors fill in the form in block letters, sign the form and give it back to the clerk with the passports. The clerk registers the passports in the book, tells the floor and the number of the room to the visitors.

Then the chambermaid shows the visitors their rooms and the porter brings their bags and suitcases. If you come to England on a business trip, it is necessary to register yourself at the Embassy in London. In some hotels you must pay the bill in advance, in others you may pay when you leave the hotel.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Expensive – дорогий Cheap – дешевий Reception desk – стійка адміністратора Vestibule – вестибюль To book – замовляти In advance – заздалегідь Chambermaid – покоївка Porter – швейцар Necessary – необхідний Embassy – посольство To pay the bill – сплачувати рахунок 9

2. Answer the following questions: 1. Are there many hotels in London ? 2. Where do visitors go when they arrive at a hotel ? 3. What must they fill in the form ? 4. What does the clerk do ? 5. Who shows the rooms to the visitors ? 6. Is it necessary to register oneself anywhere else ?

3. Arrange the sentences in a logical order according to the text: 1. Of course, it is better to book a room in advance by letter or by telegram. 2. In some hotels you must pay the bill in advance, in others you may pay when you leave the hotel. 3. The visitors fill in the form in block letters, sign the form and give it back to the clerk with the passports. 4. Travelling people almost always have to stay at a hotel.

5. If you come to England on a business trip, it is necessary to register yourself at the Embassy in London. 6. On arrival at a hotel visitors go to the reception desk in the vestibule and ask for a room.

At the Hotel Restaurant

While staying at a hotel, the guests can have their meals at the hotel restaurant. At the restaurant the waiter shows the guests to their tables and brings a menu. The menu is a list where the names of the dishes and their prices are given. The guests choose and order the dishes. Breakfast in an English hotel is a large meal. For breakfast they serve boiled or scrambled eggs with bacon, sausage, fish, porridge, toasts, marmalade and, of course, cheese. The guests may also order fruit, juice, tea or coffee.

Lunch begins with soup. For the main course the guests may order cold meat and salad, fish or roast meat with vegetables. For lunch they also serve milk pudding, apple tart, fruit salad or ice-cream. At about 5 o’clock there is a very light meal which is called “tea”. The tea consists of a cup of tea and a cake. Dinner at a hotel is very similar to lunch. After the meal the waiter brings a bill to the guests and they pay it.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Guest – гість Meal – їжа Price – ціна Boiled eggs – варені яйця Scrambled eggs – яєшня Bacon – шинка, бекон Porridge – вівсяна каша Marmalade – апельсиновий джем 13

Pudding – пудинг Apple tart – яблучний пиріг Similar – подібний main course –основна страва 2. Answer the following questions: 1. Where can the visitors have their meals while staying at a hotel? 2. Who shows the visitors their table at the restaurant? 3. What does the waiter brings to the visitors before the meals? 4. What is a menu? 5. Is the price of the dish given in the menu? 6. What dishes are usually served for breakfast at an English restaurant? 7. Can you order coffee for breakfast? 8. What do they usually serve for lunch at an English hotel? 9. What kind of meal is tea? 10. When do they usually serve tea? 14

11. What is dinner like? 12. What must you pay after the meal at a restaurant?

3. Agree or disagree: 1. At the restaurant the waiter doesn’t bring a menu. 2. The menu is a list where the names of the dishes and their prices are given. 3. Breakfast in English hotel is a small meal. 4. The guests may order fruit, juice, tea and coffee for breakfast. 5. Lunch begins with soup. 6. At about 9 o’clock there is a very light meal which is called “tea “. 7. After the meal the guests don’t pay the bill.

Signs

In London the traffic is left-sided. This means that cars move on the left side of the road. People keep to the left side of the pavement, too. When they want to cross the street, they must look first to the right and then to the left. In London, like in any other modern city, the traffic is very heavy. In order to make the streets more safe, various traffic signs are installed there: “Cross walk”, “Beware of the Traffic”, “Danger”, “Attention” and so on.

At the crossings the traffic lights have inscriptions: “Cross” or “Wait”. At many crossings there are subways which you can find by a big sign “Subway”. But there are some other signs in the streets of London, too. They are “Do not litter”, “No entry” or “Private”.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Traffic –рух транспорту Left–sided – лівосторонній To keep – дотримуватись Pavement – тротуар To cross – перетинати Safe – безпека Crossing – перехрестя Subway – тунель (метро) 2. Agree or disagree: 1. In London the traffic is left-sided. 2. In London the traffic is very light. 17

3. When people want to cross the street, they must look first to the right and then to the left. 4. At the crossings the traffic lights don’t have inscriptions. 5. At many crossings there are subways which you can find by a big sign “Subway”.

3. Fill in the words: 1. In London the … is left-sided. 2. People keep to the left side of the …, too. 3. In …, like in any other modern city, the … is very heavy. 4. At the … the traffic … have inscriptions: “Cross” or “Wait”. 5. At many crossings there are … which you can find by a big … “Subway”.

Big Ben.

While visiting the Houses of Parliament, the tourists like to see the famous clock, which is called Big Ben. The clock is housed in the Clock Tower. The clock was built in 1854. It has four faces and a very big and loud bell. The bell weights 13 tons. In 1857 Parliament had a special sitting to decide how to call the bell. There was a hot discussion and many suggestions. In the end the members of Parliament decided

to name the bell after Sir Benjamin Hall, who was in charge of the building. Sir Benjamin (in short Ben) was a very tall man and people called him Big Ben. So they called the bell Big Ben, too. Sometimes people also call the Clock Tower Big Ben. You can hear the sound of Big Ben every hour. This sound is broadcast all over Great Britain and people can take the time from it. On New Year’s night people come to the Clock Tower to see the New Year in.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Housed –розташований Loud – голосний Weight – вага Bell – дзвін Discussion – обговорення Suggestion – пропозиція To be in charge of – бути відповідальним за To broadcast – розповсюджувати 20

2. Answer the following questions: 1. What do the tourists like to see while visiting the Houses of Parliament? 2. Where is the biggest British clock housed? 3. When was the clock built? 4. How much does the bell weight? 5. What did Parliament discuss in 1857? 6. How did the members of Parliament decide to name the bell? Why? 7. How often can you hear the sound of Big Ben? 8. What do people do on New Yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s night?

3. Agree or disagree : 1. The tourists like to see the famous clock, which is called Big Ben. 2. The clock is housed in the Clock Tower. 3. The clock was built in 1954. 4. The bell weights 5 tons.

5. The members of Parliament decided to name the bell after Sir Benjamin Hall. 6. You canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t hear the sound of Big Ben every hour. 7. On New Yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s night people come to the Clock Tower.

Bridges of London

London, unlike any other city of the Europe, has rather wide streets, but low houses. This is because Londoners like to live in small houses with little gardens, where they grow flowers. In some parts of London you can never see big houses of flats as in the big towns of Europe. Often London looks grey because of rain and fog, and probably this is the reason, why buses, mail-boxes and telephone kiosks are painted bright red.

For a very long time going across the Thames was difficult, because up to 1750 there was only one bridge over the river – London Bridge. London Bridge is one of the oldest stone bridges in Great Britain. In the old days it was very narrow, because on both sides of the bridge there were shops, houses and even a church. In 1750 Westminster Bridge was built. This was the second bridge, which was built in London. Now there are more than 20 bridges over the Thames.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Unlike – на відміну від Wide – широкий Low – низький Fog – густий туман Probably – можливо Reason – причина Mail-box – поштова скринька Narrow – вузький 24

2. Answer the following questions: 1. What kind of streets has London? 2. What are the houses like in London? Why? 3. What do the Londoners like to grow in their little gardens? 4. Why does London often look grey? 5. What color are buses, mail-boxes and telephone kiosks painted in London? 6. Why was going across the Thames difficult for a long time? 7. What is the oldest stone bridge in Great Britain? 8. What was London Bridge like in old days? 9. When was Westminster Bridge built? 10.

How many bridges are there in London now?

3. Fill in the words: 1. London, unlike any other city of the Europe, has rather … streets, but … houses. 2. Often London looks … because of rain and fog. 3. For a very long time going across the … was difficult. 25

4. Up to 1750 was only one bridge over the river - â&#x20AC;Ś Bridge. 5. Now there are more than â&#x20AC;Ś bridges over the Thames.

Music in London

London is a very musical capital. Every evening you can see or hear opera, classical music, ballet or rock music. The Royal Opera House is famous all over the world for its productions and singers. But seat prices are very high. Near the National Theatre there are three concert halls. Many concerts are held in the Royal Festival Hall, which has seats for more than three thousand people.

Every summer from July to September first class concerts are held in the Royal Albert ['ælbət] Hall, which has seats for more than seven thousand people and where you can buy tickets at all prices. Sometimes in summer there are two or three free openair rock concerts in Hyde Park. An audience of a quarter of a million people at such concerts is a usual thing. “Pop” – popular music is liked very much by young people and pop singers have millions of music lovers.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Production – виробництво Singer – співак High – високий Price –ціна Open-air – на свіжому повітрі Audience – аудиторія Lover – любитель

2. Choose the word (a, b, c ) that best completes the sentence: 1. London is a very musical … a) Town

b) country

c) capital

2. The Royal Opera House is famous for its productions and … a) Singers b) poets

c) writers

3. Near the National Theatre there are … concert halls. a) Two

b) one

c)three

4. Every … from July to September first class concerts are held in the Royal Albert Hall. a) Winter

b) summer

c) spring

5. In summer there are two or three free open-air … concerts in Hyde Park. a) Rock

b) folk

c) pop

6. An audience of a quarter of a … people is a usual thing. a) Hundred

b) thousand

c)million

3. Arrange the sentences in a logical order according to the text: 1. But the seat prices are very high. 2. Sometimes in summer there are two or three free open-air rock concerts in Hyde Park. 3. London is a very musical capital. 4. “ Pop” – popular music is liked very much by young people. 5. Many concerts are held in the Royal Festival Hall. 6. The Royal Opera House is famous all over the world.

Theatres

The first theatre in London was built in 1576. The Globe Theatre, in which Shakespeare worked, was built in 1599. Those first theatres were not like modern ones. They were round buildings without a roof. The rich people had seats in balconies and along sides of the stage. The poor people stood in the pit in front of the stage. They ate fruit and sweets and smoked long pipes during the performance.

On the stage there was no scenery. There were no actresses at that time and boys acted instead of women. A single actor often took several different parts in the same play. Nowadays there are more than fifty theatres in West End and many other small theatres and theatre clubs are in Greater London. Some of the plays and shows last for a few weeks, others go on for years. Many of the shows which go on in the West End are light comedies but some theatres put on more serious plays. The main London theatres are the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, the National Theatre, whose repertoire consists of classical and modern plays and the Royal Shakespeare

Company,

which

presents

plays

Shakespeare in London and in Stratford- on-Avon, the birthplace of the great playwright. The Open Air Theatre in Regentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Park is also well-known for its performances of Shakespeareâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s plays.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Roof – дах Stage – сцена (театру) Pit – партер Performance – вистава Scenery – декорації Instead – замість Play – п’єса Serious – серйозний Birthplace – місце народження Playwright – драматург 2. Answer the following questions: 1. When was the first theatre built in London? 2. What theatre did Shakespeare work in? When was this theatre built? 3. Were the first theatres like modern ones? Had they a roof? 4. How was the place in front of the stage called? 5. What did people do during the performance? 33

6. Was there any scenery on the stage? 7. Were there any actresses at that time? Who acted instead of women? 8. How many theatres are there in London now? 9. What kind of shows go on in most theatres of West End? 10. What are the main London theatres? 3. Agree or disagree : 1. The first theatre in London was built in 1576. 2. The Globe Theatre was built in 1850. 3. The first theatres were round buildings without a roof. 4. On the stage there was no scenery. 5. A single actor took only one part in the play. 6. Nowadays there are more than twenty theatres in the West End. 7. The main London theatres are the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden and the National Theatre.

London Art Museum

Besides National Gallery there are several other art museums in London. National Portrait Gallery possesses more than 4.000 portraits of British statesmen, men of science, writers and poets. It has a rich collection of portraits, which were made by the famous English painters: Van Dyck, Reynolds and Gainsborough.

The Tate [teit] Gallery takes its name from the founder H. Tate, a rich industrialist, who built the first exhibition halls of the gallery in 1897. This gallery contains a rich collection of British paintings of 16-20 centuries and works of modern art. It has special halls to show Turner’s works. The tourists also like to visit Madam Tussaud’s ['mædəmtju:'sɔ:z] Museum. This museum shows life-size wax figures of famous people. 1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: To possess – володіти Portrait – портрет Statesman – державний діяч Exhibition – виставка Life-size – справжній зріст Wax – восковий 2. Answer the following questions: 1. What art museums of London do you know? 2. How many portraits does National Portrait Gallery contain? 36

3. Who are the authors of some of these portraits? 4. What does the Tate Gallery take its name from? 5. When were the first exhibition halls of the Tate Gallery built? 6. What kind of pictures does the Tate Gallery contain? 7. What museums do the tourists like to visit? 8. What does Madam Tussaud’s Museum show?

3. Choose the word (a, b, c) that best completes the sentence: 1. National Portrait Gallery possesses more than … portraits. a) 10 000

b) 2 000

c) 4 000

2. It has a rich collection of portraits, which were made by the … a) English writer

b) English painters

c) French

painters 3. The Tate Gallery takes its name from the founder … a) W. Shakespeare

b) H. Tate 37

c) Admiral Nelson

4. The tourists like to visit Madam Tussaud’s … a) museum b) library

c) gallery

5. It is shows life-size … figures of famous people. a) golden b) iron c) wax

Trafalgar Square

If you go northward along Whitehall, you will come to Trafalgar Square, one of the most famous squares in London. Trafalgar Square is so named in commemoration of the victory that the British Navy under the command of Admiral Nelson won over the French in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. In the middle of Trafalgar Square rises the Nelson Column. A 5-metre statue of Admiral Nelson stands on top of a 44-metre column so as to allow him a view of the sea.

The column stands in the geographical centre of London. At the base of Nelson Column there are four bronze lions. In Trafalgar Square there are several lovely fountains. Londoners love Trafalgar Square and come here for a walk. Mass meetings and demonstrations sometimes take place in the square, too.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Square – площа In commemoration – на вшанування Battle – битва View – вид Fountain – фонтан Column – колона 2. Answer the following questions: 1. Why is Trafalgar Square named so? 2. When did the battle of Trafalgar take place? 3. What is there in the middle of this square? 4. What is the height of the Nelson Column? 40

5. Where does the column stand? 6. What is there at the base of the Nelson Column? 7. Are there any fountains in the square? 8. What takes place in this square sometimes?

3. Agree or disagree: 1. Trafalgar Square is one of the most famous squares in London. 2. There is no the Nelson Column in the middle of Trafalgar Square. 3. A 10-metre statue of Admiral Nelson stands on top of a 44-metre column. 4. The column stands in the geographical centre of London. 5. In Trafalgar Square there is one lovely fountain. 6. Mass meetings and demonstrations take place in the square.

The British Museum Library

The British Museum has a large library, which is one of the best in the world. In fact, it has a copy of every book which is printed in the English language. The library receives nearly two thousand books and papers daily. Six million books, which the library has, occupy more than 100 km. of shelves. The British Museum Library has a very big collection of printed books and manuscripts, both old and new. Some 42

of these manuscripts are very rare and they are kept in glass cases. This library also shows some of the first English books, which were printed by Caxton. Caxton lived in the fifteenth century and he was the first Englishman, who made a printing press. The Reading-Room of the British Museum is a large round hall for 500 readers. Many great men have studied in the famous Reading-Room, among them Dickens, Marx and Lenin.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: In fact – фактично Daily – щоденно To occupy – займати Manuscript – манускрипт Rare – рідкісний Among – серед

2. Answer the following questions: 1. What is there in the British Museum Library? 2. How many books has this library? 3. What collection has the British Museum Library? 4. Why some of manuscripts are kept in glass cases? 5. Who printed the first English books? 6. When did Caxton live? 7. How many readers can work in the Reading-Room of the British Museum?

3. Fill in the words: 1. The British Museum has a large …, which is one of the … in the world. 2. The library receives nearly two … books and papers daily. 3. The British Museum Library has a very big collection of printed … and …, both old and new. 4. This library also shows some of the first English books, which were printed by …

5. The Reading-Room of the British Museum is a large … hall for … readers.

St. Paulâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cathedral

Everybody coming to London for the first time wants to see St. Paulâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cathedral. This is the third cathedral with this name which London has had. The two others were burnt down, the first in 1086 and the second in 1666. The old building of the Cathedral was badly in need of repair and Wren was called on to carry out repairs and alterations but he was prevented from doing by the Plague and the Great Fire of London (1666) that destroyed the old

Cathedral. In some years after the Fire the new work was begun. When Wren made a start he picked out a stone from the heap of ruins and found on it a word in Latin which meant ‘I shall rise again’. So he made that the first stone of the new Cathedral. That was on June 21, 1675. It took him 35 years to build the Cathedral. At that time he labored at his greatest work. He was poorly paid. He didn’t always get his wages. But in spite of these difficulties all was splendidly finished. In December 1940 when London was heavily bombed, the Cathedral was ringed by fire, but it survived the raid and escaped the fire almost without damage. St. Paul’s Cathedral is the third largest church in the whole world. It contains the monuments of many English statesmen, poets, writers and other famous people. In this respect it is similar to Westminster Abbey.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Cathedral – собор To burn – горіти 47

Badly – погано Repair - ремонт Alteration – зміна To destroy – руйнувати Heap – купа, груда Labor – праця To ring – брати в кільце Damage – пошкодження, збитки 2. Agree or disagree: 1. St. Paul’s Cathedral is the third cathedral with this name which London has had. 2. The five others were burnt down. 3. It took 35 years to build the Cathedral. 4. St. Paul’s Cathedral is the first largest church in the whole world. 5. It contains the monuments of many English statesmen, poets, writers and other famous people. 6. It is not similar to Westminster Abbey.

3. Arrange the sentences in a logical order according to the text: 1. The two others were burnt down, the first in 1086 and the second in 1666. 2. In December 1940 when London was heavily bombed, the Cathedral was ringed by fire. 3. St. Paulâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cathedral is the third largest church in the whole world. 4. Everybody coming to London for the first time wants to see St. Paulâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cathedral. 5. In some years after the Fire the new work was begun.

Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey is a very beautiful church built over 9 hundred years ago. It is built in Gothic style. It was founded in the middle of the eleventh century. Almost every monarch has been crowned in it since the time of the Conquest. Many of them are buried here. Westminster Abbey is famous for its architecture and historical associations. It shelters some of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s famous graves. Chaucer, Ch. Dickens, Tennyson, Kipling and other famous people were buried there. There in the Poetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 50

Corner there are memorials to Shakespeare and Milton, Burns, Byron, Scott, Thackeray and Longfellow. It also houses the rarest collection of Royal effigies. One can see the grave of the Unknown Warrior here. Two unidentified British soldiers rest here, one was killed in the First and the other in the Second World War. People are always laying bunches of flowers and wreaths here.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Abbey – абатство, монастир Gothic – готичний Middle – середина To crown – коронувати Conquest – завоювання To shelter – служити притулком Effigy – зображення, портрет Bunch – букет, пучок Wreath –вінок

2. Choose the word (a, b, c) that best completes the sentence: 1. Westminster Abbey is a very beautiful … a) hospital

b) church

c)school

2. It is … in Gothic style. a) built b) painted

c) written

3. Almost every … has been crowned in it. a) man

b) poet

c) monarch

4. Westminster Abbey is famous for its… . a) architecture b) literature

c) agriculture

5. It shelters some of the world’s famous… . a) buildings

b) libraries

c) graves

6. It also houses the rarest collection of Royal … . a) books b) effigies

c) cars

7. People are always laying bunches of … here. a) flowers

b) grapes

c) trees

3. Arrange the sentences in a logical order according to the text: 1. People are always laying bunches of flowers and wreaths here. 2. Westminster Abbey is a very beautiful church. 3. One can see the grave of the Unknown Warrior here. 4. Almost every monarch has been crowned in it. 5. It is built in Gothic style. 6. Westminster Abbey is famous for its architecture and historical associations.

The Houses of Parliament

Near Westminster Abbey on the riverside stands the Palace of Westminster, known as the Houses of Parliament. These buildings were first built in the twelfth century and rebuilt in 1840â&#x20AC;&#x201C;1867 and partly again after the Second World War. Parliament consists of the House of Lords where the lords sit, and the House of Commons where the elected members of Parliament sit. The House of Lords is the larger

in membership â&#x20AC;&#x201C; more than eight hundred, but the House of Commons has nearly all the power. The six hundred and thirty elected members of the House of Commons meet at session in Parliament. The members sit on two sides of the hall, one side for the governing party and the" other for the opposition. The Speaker is the chairman at all the debates. His seat is called the Woolsack, because it contained a sack of wool to show that the merchants had the power in Parliament. People who visit the House of Parliament may sit in the Public Gallery, looking down into the House of Commons, and listen to the debates. The central entrance hall is usually busy with people coming and going to see the buildings, and others wanting to see their Members of Parliament. Sessions of Parliament begins in November and last for about one hundred and sixty days. The sittings usually begin at 10 a. m. and end in the late afternoon, but if the Parliament is discussing an important question, sittings may go on until late at night. All the time Parliament is in session, a flag flies

at the top of the Clock Tower, and when the House is still sitting after dark, there is a light over the face of Big Ben.

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Rebuild – відновлювати Partly- частково Lord – лорд Membership – членство To elect – вибирати Chairman – голова Wool – шерсть To discuss – обговорювати 2. Answer the following questions: 1. Where are the Houses of Parliament ? 2. What is another name for them ? 3. When were the present Houses of Parliament built? 4. What is the difference between the two Houses of Parliament? 56

5. What is the role of Mr. Speaker? 6. What is the meaning of the Woolsack on which he sits? 7. Where do visitors to the House of Commons sit? 8. When is Parliament in session?

3. Agree or disagree: 1. The Palace of Westminster known as the Houses of Parliament. 2. These buildings were first built in the fifteenth century. 3. Parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 4. The Speaker is the chairman at all the debates. 5. Sessions of Parliament begins in September and last for about two weeks. 6. All the time Parliament is in session, a flag flies at the top of the Clock Tower. 7. When the House is still sitting after dark, there is no light over the face of Big Ben. 57

Piccadilly Circus

It is difficult to say what is the real centre of London, but many people choose Piccadilly Circus. It is called a circus because it is round, not square like many other places. This is because it is not only central but also the heart of Londonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s world. Within a few hundred yards of it we find most of Londonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s best-known theatres and cinemas and most famous restaurants. Piccadilly Circus, at night is a colorful sight. Near Piccadilly Circus there is a large underground station where several different lines meet. The ticket-hall is 58

underneath the street and it has entrances from all the streets leading to the Circus. In the evening, Piccadilly Circus is full of people going to the theatre or the cinema or perhaps to a restaurant. Many others come for an evening walk; they will perhaps have a cup of coffee before they go home. In the crowd you can see people of many nationalities. There are many Indians and Africans in London; they either work or study there. Some of them wear their national dress. There are many foreign visitors in the crowd, some from the Continent, some from overseas. You can hear a lot of languages. It has been said that if you listen carefully, you may even hear English!

1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Circus – кругла площа, цирк Square – квадратний Best-known – добре відомий 59

Colorful – яскравий Underground – метро Full of – повний Perhaps – можливо Crowd – натовп 2. Answer the following questions : 1. Why is the Piccadilly Circus called the centre of London? 2. What is the difference between a circus and a square? 3. What makes Piccadilly Circus colorful at night? 4. What is there under the circus? 5. Why are there so many people in Piccadilly Circus in the evening? 6. What kind of people does one meet in the crowds in the circus?

3. Fill in the words: 1. It is difficult to say what is the real centre of …, but many people choose Piccadilly …. 60

2. It is called a circus because it is …, not square like many other places. 3. Near Piccadilly Circus there is a large… station. 4. In the evening, Piccadilly Circus is full of … going to the theatre or to the cinema. 5. In the crowd you can see people of many …. 6. Some of them wear their … dress. 7. You can hear a lot of ….

East End

East End is that part of London, which is situated on the right bank of the Thames. It is the industrial area of the British capital. Many Londoners work at the factories and plants in East End. The factories of East End produce a lot of various industrial goods, furniture, clothes, cars, chemicals and food products. East End is not so rich as other parts of London. Among the inhabitants of East End you can meet many people from Asia, Africa and South America.

Many of those, who work in East End, live in the suburbs of London. Every day they have to travel to their work by underground, by railway or by car. When people hurry to work or return home from work, there are a lot of cars in the streets of London. And there are even more cars on the bridges over the Thames, and it is not easy to cross the bridges of London in a car in the rush hours. Near East End is the Port of London on the River Thames. The Port of London has stretched down the Thames to the sea for 50 km. The Thames in this place is wide and deep enough for the sea-going ships to go up the river. The Port of London is one of the biggest ports in the world. Ships from many countries bring passengers and goods: food, raw materials, cotton. Then they take British industrial goods back to the ports from which they came. Many Londoners are port workers. 1. Words and expressions for the text comprehension: Bank – берег Area – площа 63

Various – різноманітний Inhabitant – житель Suburb – передмістя Rush hours – години пік Goods – товари 2. Answer the following questions: 1. Where is East End situated? 2. What kind of area is East End? 3. What do the factories of East End produce? 4. Is East End as rich as other parts of London? 5. Who lives in East End? 6. Where do many of the workers live? 7. How do the people travel to work? 8. Is it easy to cross the bridges over the Thames in rush hours? 9. Where is the Port of London situated? 10. What do ships bring to London?

3. Arrange the sentences in a logical order according to the text: 64

1. Many of those, who work in East End, live in the suburbs of London. 2. East End is not so rich as other parts of London. 3. It is the industrial area of the British capital. 4. Among the inhabitants of East End you can meet many people from Asia, Africa and South America. 5. East End is that part of London, which is situated on the right bank of the Thames. 6. Near East End is the Port of London on the river Thames. 7. Many Londoners are port workers. 8. When people hurry to work there are a lot of cars in the streets of London.

Literature

1. Oxford Russian Minidictionary / [Edited by Della Thompson]. — Oxford University Press, 2002. — 696 p. 2. Англо-русский, русско-английский словарь + грамматика: 70000 слов / [автор-составитель О. Мазур]. — Донецк : ООО «Глория Трейд», 2010. — 512 с. 3. Дзюба В. К. World around you. We go to London. (Книга для читання англійською мовою в чотирьох частинах. Частина IV.) / Дзюба В. К. — Харків : «Веста» : Видавництво «Ранок», 2004. — 128 с. 4. Іноземна мова. Програма для загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів: 5-9 –й класи. Режим доступу до програми: http://mon.gov.ua/content/Освіта/inozemna-5-9 new.pdf 5. Мансі Є. О. Посібник з англійської мови для підготовки до іспиту (101 розмовна тема) / Мансі Є. О. — К. : Оріяни, 2000. — 272 с.

CONTENTS Передмова (Preface) ...................................................... Addresses ........................................................................ At the Hotel .................................................................... At the Hotel Restaurant .................................................. Signs ............................................................................... Big Ben ........................................................................... Bridges of London .......................................................... Music in London............................................................. Theatres .......................................................................... London Art Museum ...................................................... Trafalgar Square ............................................................. The British Museum Library .......................................... St. Paul’s Cathedral ........................................................ Westminster Abbey ........................................................ The Houses of Parliament .............................................. Piccadilly Circus ............................................................. East End .......................................................................... Literature ........................................................................

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