The Route of Historic Country Residences. Manor Houses and Palaces

The Route of Historic Country Residences

Manor Houses and Palaces

The Route of Historic Country Residences

Manor Houses and Palaces

DESTINATION KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP EUROPEAN HERITAGE DAYS – 2017

The Route of Historic Country Residences

Manor Houses and Palaces

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Culture Center in Bydgoszcz

Bydgoszcz 2019

The author of the concept and publication coordinator: Ewa Krupa Editing: Agnieszka Wysocka, Lech Łbik Writers: Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska – Introduction, 5, 6, 16, 28, 39, 41, 42 Agnieszka Wysocka – 4, 8, 17, 24, 29, 32, 33, 35, 38, 43 Krzysztof Bartowski – 9, 14, 15, 18, 30, 46, 47 Lech Łbik – 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 19, 22, 27, 34, 37, 40, 44, 48 Krystian Strauss – 2, 26, 36 Piotr Winter – 3, 7, 20, 21, 23, 25, 31, 45 Photographers: Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska – p. 40 b., 41 b., 104, 105, 109 t., 115 t., 124 b., 130, 131 t., 133, 154-155, 166, 167 b., 182, 201, 202, 203 t., 206-207 Agnieszka Wysocka – p. 6, 42 t., 44-45, 58, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71 b., 72, 81, 82-83, 87, 88-89, 90, 96-97, 112, 118, 119, 120-121, 122, 124 t., 125, 129, 136, 137, 140, 145, 146-147, 148, 150, 151, 153, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162 t., 163, 164-165, 186, 187, 193 m., 198-199, 204, 212 Alojzy Bukowski – p. 99 Krystian Strauss – p. 57 b., 69, 123, 131 b., 138-139, 155 t., 162 t., 167 t., 193 b.

Piotr Winter – p. 46 Wojciech Woźniak – cover, p. 3, 8, 10, 35, 38, 40-41, 41, 49, 5, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56-57, 60-61, 62, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 84-85, 86, 92, 93, 94, 95, 101, 102-103, 107, 108-109, 110-111, 113, 114, 115 b., 116, 117, 127, 128, 134-135, 141, 142, 169, 170-171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176-177, 179, 180-181, 184-185, 188-189, 190-191, 193 t., 200-201, 203 b.

Private collections of the owners of the palace in Kołuda Mała – p. 106-107 Private collections of the owners of the manor house in Zalesie – p. 195, 196 Reproduction of photos from: Leonard Durczykiewicz, Dwory polskie w Wielkim Księstwie Poznańskim, Czempin 1912 – p. 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28, 31 Preparation of routes, coordination works: Krystian Strauss Proofreading: Hanna Borawska, Barbara Laskowska Graphic design: Iwona Dombrowska

Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region

Subsidized from the budget of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Culture Center in Bydgoszcz Culture institution of the Local Government of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region Coordinator of European Heritage Days in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region www.edd-kpck.pl www.kpck.pl The publication was produced as a project of European Heritage Days in 2017 Printed by: Dom Wydawniczy Margrafsen, www.margrafsen.pl Translation: Centrum Języków Obcych Logos, Lucyna Tate First edition, 1,000 copies ISBN 978-83-65533-67-8

The publication, which we hand over to you, would not have been possible without the dedicated support and involvement of many institutions and private individuals who gave us access to the historic landmarks presented in the guide.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to them.

We would like to extend our gratitude to Mr. Jerzy Janczarski, Director of the Department of Culture and National Heritage of the Office of the Marshal of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship.

List of contents 

Foreword by the Marshal

of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship 9 



Introduction 11

The Route of Rural Mansion Heritage

in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship 32 Bajerze 39  Boguszewo 43  Brodnica 47  Brzezie 49  Cerekwica 52  Chodeczek 55  Chomiąża Szlachecka 59  Ciechocinek 63  Dębowa Łąka 66  Grocholin 70  Grochowiska Szlacheckie 73



Mała Komorza 123 Marcinkowo Górne 126  Mełno 129  Młodocin 132  Nawra 136  Nowe Jankowice 138  Orłowo 141  Ostromecko 144  Rulewo 149  Runowo Krajeńskie 154  Sielec 158  Skłudzewo 161  Sypniewo 164  Szafarnia 168  Trzebcz Szlachecki 172  Turzno 175  Ugoszcz 179  Wieniec (pow. mogileński) 183







Huta 77 Jabłonowo Pomorskie 80  Jastrzębie (pow. lipnowski) 84  



Jastrzębie (pow. świecki) 87

Kijewo Szlacheckie 92 Kłóbka 97  Kobylniki 99  Kołdrąb 101  Kołuda Mała 106  Kruszyn 110  Krzywosądz 113  Lubaszcz 116  Lubostroń 119

 

Wieniec (pow. włocławski) 186

Zaduszniki 190  Zalesie 194  Zamarte 197  Zbójno 200  Żalno 204  Bibliography 208 

Please accept this guide as an invitation to explore villages and small towns in our region, which features some true gems like palaces and manor houses, frequently hidden among fields and meadows.

Despite many ups and downs, wars and political system changes, some of these buildings have survived and continue to impress with their splendor.

Many of them served in the past as residences of intellectual elites, in such fields as art, literature, and economy – industry and agriculture. They were known as the mainstay of Polishness during the partitions of Poland. Frequently, they feature outstanding architecture, and surrounding villages, farms and parks serve as an example of interesting rural development concepts.

During the postwar period, palaces and manors of the region of Kuyavia and Pomerania were usually converted to apartments, institutions and offices, frequently without respecting their original spatial layout and dĂŠcor. Many of them were deserted and thus fell into disrepair.

Political system changes after 1989 gave them an opportunity for a new life. Private investors spared no funds, commitment, efforts and heart to restore them to their former splendor. In addition, the local authorities, thanks to remodeling, rebuilding

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FOREWORD BY THE MARSHAL OF KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP

Dear Ladies and Gentlemen,

FOREWORD BY THE MARSHAL OF KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP

and renovations, based on archival photographs and prints, help to rediscover palaces and manors of the region of Kuyavia and Pomerania.

Thanks to all of these activities, these days some old residences house cultural institutions, like the Palace in Lubostroń or Chopin Center in Szafarnia. Palaces and manor houses are being turned to local museums, hotels and restaurants, medical centers, private art foundations or simply residential dwellings.

Once again, you are invited to discover the beauty of palaces and manors of Kuyavia and Pomerania. This guide will show you the way to new, perhaps less known places of our region.

Piotr Całbecki Marshal of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship

Introduction Manors and palaces surrounded by parks are usually perceived as places with a deep-rooted history shrouded in mystery, completed with stories and legends. In them, we notice the foundation of historical continuity and cultural identity, as well as centers related to history of noble families, famous people and memorable events. In order to facilitate exploration of less known parts of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship to regional tourism enthusiasts, we have created a guide that is both representative and subjective in terms of historic landmarks described in it. Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship has many historical residential estates. There are about 400 of them. These days, they house schools, nursing homes, orphanages, farm offices, apartments, hotels and restaurants, which are used also for cultural purposes. Some of them, now as properties of new owners, were restored as rural residences, whereas other ones, deserted, fell into disrepair. They include very simple manor houses, with no special features other than intriguing history, and grand palaces, which architecture alone encourages to learning about their past. Manor houses and palaces, surrounded with small or expansive parks, are usually located in the proximity of old farms, which in the past created with them estates that varied in size.

The most affluent landowners owned as many as several dozen villages, whereas other ones had only one village. Impoverished noblemen usually administered only one lan of land (16 hectares), earning a living from farming. These disproportions related to histories of individual families, in combination with the present time and the fact that after 1945 the gentry as a social class ceased to exist, are reflected in cultural heritage. Former ancestral seats as witnesses of the past and pillars

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WPROWADZENIE

Grochowiska Szlacheckie

Lubostroń

Samostrzel

12

Trying to write a guide to rural mansions, we have referred in particular to their scenic and architectural assets. Keeping in mind the idea that the guide would provide a powerful pretext for a visit to Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, we present historic landmarks from all of its 19 counties. Routes proposed by us feature 48 historic estates. We can ask a question, why this and not that landmark is featured in the guide. The answer is that the idea was not to prepare a catalog, but to focus the attention on a group of fascinating historic landmarks, as well as using select examples to signal the complexity of issues related to rural mansions, describe the diversity of formal and style solutions, as well as remind their unique owners and guests who had blended in the history of the region of Kuyavia and Pomerania.

Manor house, mansion, and palace bring up different connotations and these buildings can be reviewed in many aspects. However, they will always remain a residential dwelling of a less or more affluent owner of rural property. The history of their architecture reflects social changes, resulting from development of farming economy. The architecture of manors and palaces does not create a uniform line of development, since it was determined by many factors (social, economic, political, and even topographic). Tracing the history of the sites where landowners had their estates, we can take a look at their long existence.

The origins of locations related to the estates usually date back to the Middle Ages, only several of them had been built later. Estates that had

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INTRODUCTION

of national and moral values inspired many myths and legends and are known today as landmarks of historic architecture combined with scenery. In history of some of them, we can find something that had for decades stimulated imagination of painters and writers who were depicting the image of fairytale life in Polish mansions.

INTRODUCTION

once been owned by knights turned to properties of noblemen, and some belonged to the Church.

Managed by owners, administrators and tenants, they had been organisms with a specific structure.

Their heart was “The Landlord’s House,” used for decades, subjected to disasters, becoming too small, outdated, losing its functionality and representativeness. Old manor houses had been reconstructed, expanded or replaced with new buildings. Wooden buildings were replaced with brick buildings, whereas fortified manors with palaces. Manor and palace are sometimes interchangeable names; on the other hand, according to basic definitions, manor is a small landowner’s residence, usually in the form of a single-story residential building for the nobility (with defensive features until the 17th century), whereas palace is a grand residence with at least one story.

Manor house according to the interpretation of the Middle Ages was on the one hand a complex consisting of residential building with backyard and farm buildings, ensuring good living conditions to feudal lord. On the other hand – it might have been built on a hill, surrounded by a moat and featuring architectural forms – making it a small fortified structure. An important aspect of selecting a building lot for a manor was the proximity of water body and terrain elevation. The zone of “The Landlord’s House” was outlined by a fence with a gate, surrounding the land that belonged to the knight. Most likely during the Late Middle Ages, the division between the farming structure and residential part with a house, usually surrounded with a garden, was becoming more distinct.

Manor houses were built primarily from wood, in general on stone or brick foundation. These were single-story buildings with a gable roof and porches preceding the main entrance, making them different from rural cottages. Historic landmarks built from wood are very rare. In Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, the manor house in Gródek (Świecie County) is the oldest, dating from 1756–1765. This

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Bożejewice

Popowo nad Gopłem

WPROWADZENIE

Samostrzel

Targownica

Czarnotul

Cieślin

Brick manors had been built as well, but in the 16th century their cost was ten times higher than wood buildings. There were not many of them and not a single one has survived to this day. Their relics can be found in the architectural structure of an old building dating from the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries in Szpetal Górny (Włocławek County) or Nowa Wieś Szlachecka (Brodnica County), where a 16th-century manor was expanded in the next century, turning into a single-story manor with corner extensions. The oldest in the region of Kuyavia and Pomerania, although deprived of characteristic defining its style, is the manor house of Żalno (Tuchola County) dating from 1570–1580, which design dates back to the tradition of building residential towers. A unique historic landmark from the century that followed is a fortified and residential manor house in Grocholin (Nakło County), rebuilt during the 1830s. There are not too many historic sites from the later period. The most valuable include the palace dating from the 4th quarter of the 18th century located in Grochowiska Szlacheckie (Żnin County) with added side annexes and the palace designed by Stanisław Zawadzki in Kikół (Lipno County). The grand Classicist palace in Kikół can be distinguished by a compact structure and rhythmic façade with a portico in a giant order, with corner risalits topped with triangular pediments. Buildings that date from the same period include a more modest, although very interesting Late Baroque – Classicist palace in Kamienica (Tuchola County) and the palace of Sartowice (Świecie County) with a column porch, on the previous cellars, which was a frequent practice during construction of a new residence on an old foundation.

17

INTRODUCTION

log structure has a timber frame, arcade extension.

The manor house with modest Neoclassicist features in Nasiegniewo (Włocławek County) was built about a hundred years ago. This single-story manor house with a half hipped roof can be distinguished by a glazed, column porch topped with a pediment.

INTRODUCTION

In the 19th century, many interesting manor houses and palace estates had been built in the region that is now known as Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship. In some of them architecture was the result of reconstructions and expansions of previous residences. Many new manors had been built as well. Residential construction had clearly intensified starting from the middle of that century. This period, particularly the late 19th century, produced many manors built by landowners. Among 19th-century rural mansions there are historic landmarks representing very fine architecture, since after the middle of that century merchants and industrialists building rural manors frequently hired well-known architects. Unfortunately designers of many interesting buildings remain anonymous.

The palace of Lubostroń (Żnin Country), according to the concept of the famous Classicist architect Stanisław Zawadzki, was built in the early 19th century. The project, inspired by the work of Andrea Palladio, stands out for its proportions along with a harmonious and symmetric structure.

On the other hand, the mansion of Lubraniec, built in the style of later Classicism, was designed by another Warsaw architect, Hilary Szpilowski, who highlighted the façade with a four-column portico. Classicism had frequently served as a reference point for designers of manor houses and palaces, not only in the first half of the 19th century. It resulted in many interesting projects, also in the Neoclassicist style. One of the most interesting examples, in terms of architecture, is the palace in Samostrzel (Nakło County), which was built over an earlier, Baroque residence as a result of two Classicist expansions. The author of the first one, dating from around 1825, could have been the Berlin architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel, whereas the second project, after about 60 years, was made by Franz Schwechten, an architect from Berlin. Unfortunately, this unique residence fell into disrepair. The design of the Neoclassicist palace of Zbójno (Golub-Dobrzyń County), with the central

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Chraplewo

Słupy

Złotniki

Sierniki

Rzeszynek

Potulice

In addition to the love to antiquity, seen in Neoclassicist and Neo-Renaissance projects, there are also examples with references to the Gothic art, primarily to its variety modeled on English mansions. Many palaces in that style had been built in the first half of the 19th century and a little bit later.

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INTRODUCTION

part distinguished by a small avant-corps and architectural decoration highlighted by a rhythm of orders, was made by the outstanding architect Enrico Marconi. The architecture of Historism, with the use of Neoclassicist and Neo-Renaissance forms, was represented by the nonexistent manor house dating from the 2nd half of the 19th century in Bożejewice (Mogilno County), as well as the palace of Popowo (Inowrocław County) dating from the same period, in blurred style, as well as single-story manor houses with arcade extensions in Targownica (Mogilno County) built in 1847 and in Czarnotul (Mogilno County) from around 1880.

A modest, single-story structure is presented by the manor house in Cieślin (Inowrocław County) built in 1864, with an openwork, wooden porch, which was replaced with a brick porch after 1912. The Neoclassicist tradition is also represented by the manor house in Chraplewo (Nakło County), with a small, single-story main building with corner risalits, one of which was a two-story wing. This manor house dating from 1860, just like many similar buildings, was expanded. The local groups of builders preserved and promoted the deeply-rooted stylistics based on motifs borrowed from Classicism and Renaissance. Therefore, these forms were appearing continuously in manor construction, just to mention the manor in Słupy (Nakło County) built at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, rebuilt in 1880; the manor in Złotniki (Żnin County) from around 1880; the grand, two-story manor house in Sierniki (Nakło County) from 1876, designed by Wiktor Stabrowski, a builder from Kcynia; and the manor house in Rzeszynek (Mogilno County) from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, designed by builder Maximilian von Wilczewski of Wronki.

INTRODUCTION

In Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, Neogothic buildings, which in the region of Wielkopolska were constructed with great splendor, were not as grand. However, there are interesting examples of buildings inspired by English Neogothic, like the palace in Kawęczyn (Inowrocław County) or one of the biggest, situated in the border area with Wielkopolska, in Jankowo (Inowrocław County).

Construction of the latter palace, which architecture features an impressive four-story tower, crowned with a battlement on machicolations, is referred to the work of Friedrich August Stüler. The analogous “Gothic” attire is seen in the palaces of Kołdrąb (Żnin County) and Jabłonowo Pomorskie (Brodnica County), both with distinct towers and other characteristics that make them castle-like structures. On the other hand, the palace in Potulice (Nakło County) was one of the biggest Wielkopolska buildings constructed in the spirit of English Neogothic in combination with Neo-Renaissance details. It was built between 1854 and 1880 based on designs of Leander and Encrico Marconi, and Stanisław Hebanowski. As a result of reconstruction, turning it into a multi-family residential building, its original style was irrevocably gone. This was also the fate of the palace built by Count Konstanty Bniński in Strzelewo (Bydgoszcz County) in 1868.

Quite different than Neogothic palaces are buildings that remind Italian villas. An interesting example is the palace in Dębowa Łąka (Wąbrzeźno County), which can be distinguished by asymmetric structure with a tower in the corner. It was designed in Berlin, perhaps by an architect from the group of Friedrich August Stüler. Another building in the Italian style is the palace in Kościelec Kujawski (Inowrocław County) built in 1849, reconstructed in a later period with a magnificent terrace on the façade overlooking the garden. The palace in Obudno (Żnin County) was built in the style of Italian Renaissance with Neogothic motifs in 1850. It can be characterized by an impressive,

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Potulice

Strzelewo

Kościelec Kujawski

Obudno

MĹ‚odocin

Cerekwica

Fascination with architecture representing various cultures produced many interesting projects, including those inspired by French Renaissance built in the region of Wielkopolska in the end of the 3rd quarter of the 19th century. In the region of Kuyavia and Pomerania, one of only a few examples of residential architecture representing the so-called French attire is the palace in Cerekwica (Żnin County) dating from 1876, designed by Wiktor Stabrowski. Its structure, covered with distinct mansard roofs, has a clearly highlighted central part and a corner tower with the height that is equal to the main structure. Three years earlier, architect Artur Goebel designed even more impressive residence in Brzezie (Włocławek County).

In the architecture of manor houses dating from the 2nd half of the 19th century, the majority of buildings have symmetric structure, in the style of Historism, which design is based on compilation of forms modeled on Classicism or Renaissance. There are many examples of buildings with such layout.

One of them is the manor house in Świętosław (Golub-Dobrzyń County), with a single-story central part, highlighted by a recessed porch with columns, featuring two-tier avant-corps on the sides. Architectural structure of the building blends in the style of Polish manor house. Another worthy example in this context is the Neoclassicist manor house in Niedźwiedź (Wąbrzeźno County) dating from the mid-19th century.

A number of the mentioned historic buildings, thanks to their architecture, blend in the design developed during the 1770s and seen as a benchmark of Polish manor architecture. Manors and

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INTRODUCTION

compact structure featuring an octagonal tower at the corner. Unfortunately, the majority of its details disappeared. A special example of an Italian-style building is the palace in Młodocin (Żnin County) built in the 1870s, which unique structure gives it a look of a suburban villa.

INTRODUCTION

palaces classified as Polish were usually single- or double-story buildings, with the main entrance highlighted with a portico or front columns, with the corresponding avant-corps on the back façade, facing the garden. Polish manor house style was the result of searches for the national style, which was identified by mansions of Polish nobility.

Rural residences that had been reconstructed and built from scratch in the beginning of the 20th century blend in the existing style of manor architecture, although preferences indicated the type of palace or manor house in the style of suburban villa.

It produced such unique examples as the manor in Kijewo Szlacheckie (Chełmno County). On the other hand, manor houses in Marcinkowo Dolne (Żnin County) from 1902 and Gnojno (Inowrocław County) from 1908 clearly refer to the forms known from much earlier projects. In this case, we need to mention in particular the palace in Węgierce (Inowrocław County) from 1904, whose designer, Wojciech Dembiński, skillfully combined the design in the style of Historism with early Modernist details, adding a front porch in front of the entrance to the palace, modeled on “Polish manor.”

Another interesting example of transitions in architecture is the palace in Komierowo (Sępólno Krajeńskie County), which origins date back to the Baroque period, the 4th quarter of the 17th century. In the late 19 th century, this manor was in complete disrepair and was thoroughly reconstructed and expanded in the Neogothic style according to the concept of Wiktor Stabrowski.

Another change took place in 1924–1929. This time, Stefan Cybichowski provided the building with grand Neoclassicist forms. Similarly, the old manor house in Leszcze (Radziejów County), a single-story building with an arcade extension, an added single-story wing and a round corner tower, changed its structure after 1912 as a result of comprehensive reconstruction and expansion, completed most likely in the 1920s.

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Marcinkowo Dolne

Gnojno

Węgierce

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Leszcze

Chwaliszewo

Witosław

28

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INTRODUCTION

The fashion for rural residence referring to the Polish manor architecture, developed in the late 17th century, with a column porch and a tall mansard roof, was promoted during the interwar period by earlier competitions: for the manor house in Opinogóra (1907–1908), the Cracow competition and an exhibition of architecture and interiors in the garden surrounding held in 1912, and very suggestive visions of Stanisław Noakowski. In the area annexed by Prussia, this fashion emerged around 1896 in an atmosphere of the fight for national identity, promoted in the region of Wielkopolska by architects educated in Charlottenburg, including Stanisław Borecki, Roger Sławski, and Kazimierz Ruciński. They suggested return to the forms of 18th-century Classicism, where Polish manor was clearly different from German manor. A local variety of the “national style” was the “land style” in Wielkopolska, endorsed by Zygmunt Czartoryski in the publication “About the Land Style in Rural Construction” (1896). Comfort of interiors was juxtaposed by the author with traditional architecture, featuring the distinct portico. Patterns were in demand, making sure that when God would cause the end of the flood, compatriots would have a source of designs to rebuild the country in the Slavic style. For a long period, until the 1930s, family residences were taking the shape of Polish manor surrounded with a vast scenic park. One of the examples is the palace owned by the Twardowski family in Głębokie (Inowrocław County), built in 1913, which tympanum over a four-column portico features a sentence: “HAPPINESS AT WORK, 1913.” The 1930s mark reconstruction of the manor house of the Szulczewski family in Chwaliszewo (Nakło County), where Stefan Cybichowski embedded in the old mansion dating from the 1st half of the 19th century a monumental portico supported on Ionic columns and a verandah with a semicircular cross section, facing the garden.

A very interesting example of transposition of the family seat is the manor house that was once owned

by Leon Wyczółkowski in Gościeradz (Bydgoszcz

INTRODUCTION

County). Starting from 1922, the artist and his wife lived in this house during summer months, inviting many guests. The house was thoroughly remodeled in the early 1930s, according to guidelines of painter and engineer Kazimierz Szulisławski.

The Gościeradz “haven” of Leon Wyczółkowski shows the power of the design of the manor for residential construction – the painter himself had not any great memories from staying in such places, becoming a guest of Polish aristocrats living in the Ukraine, but for himself, he designed nothing else but a manor. In the health resort of Ciechocinek there is also an example of manor. It is located at the corner of Wojska Polskiego and Leśna Streets. Its construction was inspired by the visit of President Ignacy Mościcki to Ciechocinek in 1932. The president participated in the opening ceremony of a new saltwater swimming pool, being very impressed by the charming health resort. The manor was erected in the 1st half of the 1930s, in the proximity of a pine forest.

The time after 1945, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, was not favorable for rural residences.

Many of them were demolished, like the manor house in Witosław (Nakło County) dating from 1780, with a wing from 1840 and an atrium built in the 20th century. During that period, palaces and manor houses administered by State Farms, turned to offices and apartments, had been going through advanced remodeling projects for the needs of their users. A similar situation took place in the buildings turned to schools, nursing homes and orphanages. The vast majority of remodeling projects paid no respect to historic structures and décor. Stucco was hacked off, polychromes were painted over, furnaces and fireplaces were dismantled. One of the examples is the manor house in Tarnówek (Inowrocław County) built in 1865, which original structure was a single-story building with a half hipped roof and wooden porch that completely disappeared as a result of expansion.

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The “remodeling horror,” which was supposed to turn manor houses and palaces to modern buildings, bypassed some of the precious residences.

However, these desolate buildings fall victim to the passage of time, turning them into depressing ruins, silent witnesses of their former splendor, like the palace in Samostrzel. These days, in the beginning of the 21st century, tourist trails feature several buildings that have been restored to luxury that feels unnatural through the use of the latest technologies, change of spatial divisions and secondary ornamentation. Therefore, they lost their original architectural design and décor, which determined previous epochs. Fortunately, there are still many magnificent manor houses and palaces surrounded with parks. Some of them, like the manor house in Sielec (Żnin County), with quite simple architecture, but great history, were presented with medals and awards for activities focused on saving the cultural heritage.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

INTRODUCTION

Tarnówko

The Route of Manor Houses and Palaces in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship

Inviting you to travel across our region, we present seven proposals of tourist routes, encompassing manor houses and palaces described in the guide. They include cycling trips and road trips planned for one or two days. They cover all counties of our region. During these trips, you will explore places with interesting history, representing various architectural styles. In many of them, you will find beautiful scenic parks with national natural landmarks.

In the majority of cases, trips start and end in bigger towns or villages, guarantying easy access to tourist facilities and accommodation. These itineraries serve only as proposals. We encourage you to creative modification. We do hope that they will be an inspiration to memorable trips across Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship.

1st Route:

“Żnin County in One Day” Trip duration: one-day trip Type of trip: road trip or cycling trip Length of route: 95–110 km  Itinerary: Żnin – Cerekwica – Sielec – Kołdrąb – Grocho­ wiska Szlacheckie – Marcinkowo Górne – Chomiąża Szlachecka – Młodocin – Lubostroń – Żnin

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2nd Route:

“The Trip Across the Vistula River” Trip duration: one-day trip Type of trip: road trip or cycling trip Length of route: 100 km

 Itinerary: Bydgoszcz – Ostromecko – Kijewo Szlacheckie – Bajerze – Trzebcz Szlachecki – Nawra – Skłudzewo – Bydgoszcz

“Around Inowrocław and Mogilno” Trip duration: one-day trip Type of trip: road trip or cycling trip Length of route: 100–110 km

 Itinerary: Inowrocław – Orłowo – Kołuda Mała – Wieniec (Mogilno County) – Kobylniki – Inowrocław

4th Route:

“With Chopin in Manor Houses and Palaces” Trip duration: one-day trip Type of trip: road trip Length of route: 125 km  Itinerary: Toruń – Turzno – Szafarnia – Ugoszcz – Zbójno – Toruń

5th Route:

“Three in One – Kujawy – Krajna – Pałuki” Trip duration: one-day trip Type of trip: road trip Length of route: 255 km

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THE ROUTES

3rd Route:

 Itinerary: Bydgoszcz – Kruszyn – Huta – Zamarte – Sypniewo – Runowo Krajeńskie – Lubaszcz – Grocholin – Zalesie – Bydgoszcz

6th Route:

“In Eastern Kuyavia and the Dobrzyń Land”

THE ROUTES

Trip duration: two-day trip Type of trip: road trip Length of route: 170 km + 90 km  Itinerary: First day – Włocławek – Kłóbka – Chodeczek – Wieniec (Włocławek County) – Brzezie – Krzywosądz – Ciechocinek – Włocławek Second day – Włocławek – Zaduszniki – Jastrzębie (Lipno County) – Zbójno – Ugoszcz – Szafarnia – Golub-Dobrzyń

7th Route:

“From the Chełmno Land to the Tuchola Forest” Trip duration: two-day trip Type of trip: road trip Length of route: 170 km + 115 km  Itinerary: First day – Toruń – Turzno – Dębowa Łąka – Brodnica – Jabłonowo Pomorskie – Nowe Jankowice – Boguszewo – Mełno – Grudziądz Second day – Grudziądz – Rulewo – Jastrzębie (Świecie County) – Mała Komorza – Żalno – Tuchola Krystian Strauss

35 TR ASY

25 46

48 TUCHOLA 15

SĘPÓLNO KRAJEŃSKIE

ŚWIECIE

37

CHEŁMNO

12 34

16 1

Mrocza

39 21

32

23 NAKŁO N. NOTECIĄ

10

36

BYDGOSZCZ

45

24 35

28

ŻNIN

31

5

19

11

26

INOWROCŁAW

7 20 42 MOGILNO

18

R

KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP m ap legen d 1. Bajerze 2. Boguszewo 3. Brodnica 4. Brzezie 5. Cerekwica 6. Chodeczek 7. Chomiąża Szlachecka 8. Ciechocinek 9. Dębowa Łąka 10. Grocholin 11. Grochowiska Szlacheckie 12. Huta 13. Jabłonowo Pomorskie 14. Jastrzębie (Lipno County)

15. Jastrzębie (Świecie County) 16. Kijewo Szlacheckie 17. Kłóbka 18. Kobylniki 19. Kołdrąb 20. Kołuda Mała 21. Kruszyn 22. Krzywosądz 23. Lubaszcz 24. Lubostroń 25. Mała Komorza 26. Marcinkowo Górne 27. Mełno 28. Młodocin

29. Nawra 30. Nowe Jankowice 31. Orłowo 32. Ostromecko 33. Rulewo 34. Runowo Krajeńskie 35. Sielec 36. Skłudzewo 37. Sypniewo 38. Szafarnia 39. Trzebcz Szlachecki 40. Turzno 41. Ugoszcz 42. Wieniec (Mogilno County)

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30

GRUDZIĄDZ

27 2 13

WĄBRZEŹNO

BRODNICA

9

3

29

38

40

GOLUB-DOBRZYŃ

TORUŃ

RYPIN

41 47

ALEKSANDRÓW KUJAWSKI

14

8

LIPNO

44

22

WŁOCŁAWEK

4

RADZIEJÓW

43 BRZEŚĆ KUJAWSKI

17 6

43. Wieniec (Włocławek County) 44. Zaduszniki 45. Zalesie 46. Zamarte 47. Zbójno 48. Żalno

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1. Bajerze

Chełmno County, Kijewo Królewskie Township

In the 15th century, the village was a knight’s property. In the following century, it had been owned by nobility, the Bajerski family. Historic records indicate that it had a manor, a farm and an inn in 1789. The present palace was built in the 1870s by the then owner of Bajerze, Ernst Antal (the designer of the palace is not known).

In 1921–1939, the building was a property of mason Henryk Hoffman. In 1945, the palace was nationalized and turned subsequently into a girls’ school, agricultural school and the Agricultural Circles Cooperative. In 1992, the authorities of Kijewo Królewskie Township handed over the residence to the religious Apostolic Servants Society.

Five years later, after the beatification of Romani martyr Ceferino Giménez Malla (1861–1936), the name of this organization was changed to the Blessed Ceferino Society. Over the course of time, the administration of the palace and the mentioned society were taken over by the priests associated in the Society of Saint Pius X, founded by the so-called Lefebvrists, priests who questioned the reforms of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). Erected on an irregular projection, the residence style is a combination of Neo-Baroque and Neo-Renaissance in its French variety. It has a single-story main structure, with two risalits on the north and south. The latter one, with two levels, is adjacent to the single-story side wing, which roof features a big terrace. The northern façade joins a square, three-story tower with a mansard cupola. Nearby the tower, a large orangery is seen in front of the building, which is used these days as the Chapel of Christ the King. The walls of the building are decorated with pilasters and bossage.

39

BAJERZE

In the palace, which features the original woodworking, there is the Blessed Ceferino Retreat Center, which can be accessed by a stately Neo-Baroque gate.

The scenic park surrounding the palace, occupying 3.4 hectares, dates back to the first half of the 19th century. Old tree species growing in the park are mainly popular park trees such as common oak, European ash, beech, linden and elm. Many specimens have dimensions close to national natural landmarks.

In the park, there is also a small pond, surrounded with vegetation typical of waterlogged areas.

Lech Ĺ bik

ď Ź Visit: the place can be visited only by prior

40

BAJERZE

arrangement by phone with the Society of Saint Pius X. Holy Mass is celebrated in the palace chapel.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 1627C (Unisław – Żygląd), west of the main road no. 91. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.247155, 18.458674

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2. Boguszewo

Grudziądz County, Gruta Township

The remains of the manor house in Boguszewo are situated in the southern part of the village, nearby the lake. The estate was part of Dąbrówka Szlachecka, which existed until 1921. The origins of the village date back to the 13th century. Starting from the 16th century, it had been owned by members of the Dąbrowski family. Before 1570, the village was taken over by the Sokołowski family, remaining their property for over a hundred years.

In 1700, Dąbrówka and nearby Boguszewo became properties of the future castellan of Chełmno and governor of Pomerania Piotr Aleksander Czapski.

In a period between the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, the village was owned by Maria Urszula Radziwiłł, the mother of Zygmunt Krasiński. In addition to Dąbrówka, she owned a number of nearby estates. In 1801, she leased it to Tobiasz von Blumberg for an annual fee.

The manor in Boguszewo can be accessed by a field road running nearby Lake Gołębiewko.

Looking at the ruins for the first time, one might have an impression that we see brick remains of one of the Teutonic castles. You couldn’t be more wrong. This ruin is one of the oldest examples of manor in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship. The structure had been built in several stages in a period between the end of the 16th century and the late 17th century. It is assumed that the final year of construction was 1602. Initially the manor had defensive features. In the beginning, it consisted only of a single-space room situated in the southwest and an addition (most likely tower). In the next stage of construction, the original design was expanded by one more story, and the northeast wing was added to the manor. The expansion of the building was completed by building an additional room from the

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southeast. The manor had a beam ceiling and gable roof. The structure had an irregular form. Earlier, the faรงade was crowned with two, now nonexistent, ornamental gables. These were the most decorative parts of the manor.

They contrasted considerably with the walls deprived of major decorations. The style of the manor in Boguszewo referred to Dutch Mannerism. In the 19th century it was used as a granary. During that time, its two stories were changed to three stories. In a later period, the desolate manor fell into disrepair.

BOGUSZEWO

Krystian Strauss

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 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 1402C (Mełno – Linowo), east of the regional road no. 538. It has a railway station and bus transport.

BOGUSZEWO

 GPS: 53.413522, 19.005511

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3. Brodnica

Brodnica County, municipality

The palace, named after the former starosta (administrative official) of Brodnica and sister of Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland, the Palace of Anna Vasa (1568–1625), stands in the area of an old approach to the castle of a stronghold of the Teutonic Knights, which tall steeple towers over the town. The building is a postwar reconstruction of the palace that was destroyed during World War II. The first residence on this site, with the use of Gothic buildings and fortified wall, was erected before 1564 on the initiative of Rafał Działyński, the then starosta of Brodnica. The structure constructed in that time, known only from description, was crowned with an Italian style attic. After the takeover of Starostwo (an administrative unit of the crown lands) of Brodnica by Anna Vasa in 1605, the structure was rebuilt and modeled on Scandinavian palaces, reminding Anna about her native country of Sweden. A garden was established around the palace. After the death of Anna Vasa, the Brodnica estate had been property of consecutive women connected with the House of Vasa. The palace was significantly expanded when it was administered by starosta of Brodnica Marie Casimire d’Arquien known as “Marysieńka” (1641–1716), the wife of King John III Sobieski. During the partitions of Poland, the building served as the seat of the State of Prussia. During the twenty-year interwar period, it housed a number of schools. It was set on fire by the Soviet soldiers in 1945 and survived as a ruin until the 1960s, when works began on its reconstruction and when it received its present form.

The palace, in its quiet and harmonious structure, restores only partially the Late Renaissance style of the original building. Its two-story, compact

47

BRODNICA

structure features a tall, hipped roof with five wooden dormers.

Its façade features unveiled relics of Gothic buildings. The palace interior was considerably converted during the postwar reconstruction project. Cross-barrel vaults have been preserved in one of the rooms, which these days serves as a kitchen.

Inside, there are two historic fireplaces dating from the 2nd half of the 18th century and a replica of the portrait of Anna Vasa (the original is featured in the National Museum of Warsaw).

The historic palace garden was changed into the Municipal Park in 1927. Today, it stretches between Zamkowa Street, remains of fortified walls, the Drwęca River, and the moat. It has been known as the “Anna Vasa Park” since 2002. Here, a stone fountain with depiction of a girl with a pitcher was installed in 2004.

In November 2005, a four-meter tall monument of Anna Vasa made by Ryszard Kaczor, a sculptor of Grudziądz was erected in front of the palace.

An interesting titbit Anna Vasa was initially buried in the cellars of the Castle of the Teutonic Knights in Brodnica.

Later, her remains were exhumed and she was laid to rest in the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Toruń.

Piotr Winter

 Visit: the house is open to the public, it serves as the seat of the Ignacy Łyskowski Municipal and County Public Library and Tourist Information Center.  Access: the main road no. 15 runs through the town. There is a railway station and PKS bus station.  Address: ul. Zamkowa 1, 87-300 Brodnica  GPS: 53.258202, 19.400278

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4. Brzezie

Włocławek County, Brześć Kujawski Township

The Kronenberg family residence is an example of the influence of French Renaissance in 19th-century architecture in Poland. A multi-million fortune allowed Leopold Kronenberg (1812–1878) to construct stately buildings, in his hometown Warsaw, and countryside – Brzezie, Wieniec and Strugi, far away from the hustle and bustle of the capital city. Leopold became rich from the concession of the tobacco monopoly in the Kingdom of Poland.

He founded Bank Handlowy and Warsaw School of Economics. He invested in railroads, mining and metallurgical companies, and initiated the establishment of the Warsaw Sugar Factory Association.

He was known for his charitable activities within the Warsaw Philanthropic Society. Leon’s successors – his sons Leopold Julian and Stanisław Leopold – in addition to industry and banking, invested in agriculture and horse breeding (including in the Brzezie estate).

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It is possible that the elegant “French attire” of the Brzezie Palace was influenced by numerous trips of Leopold, including to Paris. He brought to Poland an agency of Crédit Lyonnais, the biggest French bank of that time.

The origins of construction of the local residence surrounded with a park date back to the 3rd quarter of the 19th century. The palace was built in 1873 and designed by Artur Goebel (1835–1913), an architect based in Warsaw. The beauty of the palace, with a tower, tall roofs, brick walls and plaster details is highlighted by the greenery of

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Agnieszka Wysocka

 Visit: the building is abandoned, administered by the County Office of Włocławek.  Access: the village is located close to an exit from the A1 highway, at the crossing of the regional roads no. 252 and 268.

PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.687469, 18.890569

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BRZEZIE

the park. Therefore, it is not surprising that Leopold Julian enjoyed his stays in the area.

Starting from 1880, he had horse stables in Wieniec and Brzezie, preparing horses to races. During the interwar period, he moved to Brzezie for good, dedicating his time to write memoirs and “A Treatise on Music and Musicians.”

He died here in 1937.

The park dating from 1899 was designed by gardener and planner Walerian Kronenberg (1858–1934), who had designed more than 300 green areas. The most discerning visitors will find a linden alley and a chestnut-linden alley in Brzezie.

5. Cerekwica

Żnin County, Żnin Township

Cerekwica was mentioned as early as 1265 as a property of knight Marcin. Later, in the second half of the 14th century, it was a property of Franciszek from the Opala family. Starting from the late 15th century, for two centuries, it had been owned by the Cerekwicki family. In the 18th century the estate changed hands several times. In 1725, when the Cerekwica estate was divided between the Zbijewski family and the inheritors of Michał Kwilecki, there was a wooden manor house with a thatched roof in a state of disrepair. A new family residence was built on its site in an unspecified period. In the second half of the 18th century, the property was owned by the Nieżychowski family; the last member of this family was Magdalena nee Wilkoński, Marceli’s widow. After her death, around 1801, the property was inherited by Walenty Rogaliński of the coat of arms of Łodzia, who was married to Ludwika nee Nieżychowski. Subsequent heirs included Walenty’s son Kazimierz, and later his grandson Mieczysław, who built the existing palace. In the beginning of the 20th century, Cerekwica through marriage once again changed its owner, when the

52

widow Lucyna Rogalińska nee Moszczeński married Karol Konstanty Unrug, who was coming from the Polish line of the Unrug family of the coat of arms of Lew, dating back to the 17th century. Their son Antoni Wiktor (1907–1977) was the last owner of the palace with park and grange in Cerekwica, which after 1945 was changed to the State Farm.

In 1876, the palace for Mieczysław Rogaliński was designed by architect Wiktor Stabrowski (1822–1899), who gave it a form of a single-story villa inspired by buildings in the Paris suburbs designed by François Mansart. It features multihipped roofs, serving as an interesting example of a palace with stylistically complex Neo-Renaissance architecture modeled on French attire. The structure is decorated with a small central risalit, where we can find the main entrance and a corner, octogonal, squat tower. These days, deprived of details, it attracts our attention with its exterior architecture.

Its interiors, as a result of thorough reconstruction that took place in 1973, lost their original style.

Just like in the past, the palace can be accessed from the gate through an access road, which end features an old grange. The oval driveway in front of the residence of the Rogaliński and Unrug families was replaced with an elongated lawn, bordering the remains of the park from the north and west.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

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 Visit: the place can be visited from outside only by prior arrangement by phone with the Cerplon enterprise.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2314C (Żnin – Janowiec Wielkopolski), west of the main road no. 5.

PKS bus stop.

CEREKWICA

 GPS: 52.831174, 17.633035

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6. Chodeczek

Włocławek County, Chodecz Township The village was part of the estate encompassing Chodecz and Zameczek as well as more distant villages, which common history determined the fate of the Kretkowski family, with times of disintegration and consolidation of property. Chodeczek started to serve as residence after the wars with Sweden, in the end of the 3rd quarter of the 17th century. In 1887, the Chodeczek estate was purchased at auction by Karol Werner, who was coming from a family with landowner and industrial traditions. He effectively paid off its debts, developing animal farming and processing (one of the projects which he started was a cheese dairy).The last owner of the estate was his son Karol Lucjan. After 1945, the farm in Chodeczek was changed to the State Farm.

The manor house was built in the beginning of the 20th century on a site that was probably a nonbuilt-up area. It has a compact, almost symmetric structure. Built on a rectangular floor plan, it features a three-story main part that juts out from the building and two-story side parts. The main structure of the manor was extended by adding a

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single-story utility wing on the right side from the main entrance. On the ground floor, the faรงade is decorated with a portico supported on four pillars holding the terrace, which precedes a risalit topped with a triangular gable with a frieze. The faรงade facing the garden, designed similarly to the front faรงade, received a magnificent terrace on the entire length of the main body. The architecture of the manor, with not clearly outlined stylistic characteristics, modeled on classical art, refers to both Italian villa and the traditions of Polish manor. The

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time of its construction is reminded on the weather vane that shows the date “1904.”

Two years after building the manor, Stefan Celichowski designed a scenic park with an access road heading to the residence, lined with linden and spruce trees, transitioning to a larch alley, reaching the manor façade. The axis of the park runs alongside a small alley coinciding with the axis of the manor. In the park, in addition to tree lanes, such as hornbeam three lanes

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and clusters of these trees, there is an oval pond situated in a depression.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Visit: the place can be visited from outside only by prior arrangement by phone with the Farm Animal Breeding Center in Chodeczek.

CHODECZEK

 Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2928C (Modlibórz – Chodecz), east of the regional road no. 269. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.406355, 19.044783

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7. Chomiąża Szlachecka Żnin County, Gąsawa Township

The village, situated in the center of the region of Pałuki, was a property of the distinguished Nałęcz family. In the 14th century, the famous Mikołaj Nałęcz was born here. This master of the castle in Wenecja, Żnin area, known for his cruelty and ruthlessness, was called the Devil of Wenecja.

Starting from the 15th century, it had been owned by the noble Pomian family, in the century that followed – by the Chomiąski family, and later by the Jarmułt-Mlicki family and many others. When in the middle of the 19th century, the property was administered by the Sulerzyski family, known for its patriotism and attachment to Poland, the present manor was built. The estate in Chomiąża had no luck with its owners. In 1886, the property was in debt and became subject of subhastation (public auction compelled by law), followed by the second one in 1931. Purchased by a bank from Szczecin, it was sold to the Mirowski family. Another owner, Jan Brzykcy, leased the property. According to records, the property was taken over for a brief time

by Helena Mirowska nee Sulerzyski. After 1945, the manor was administered by the PGR State Farm in Obudno, operating for years as a summer camp facility that gradually fell into disrepair. These days, after remodeling, it was turned into a hotel.

Harmonious, with traditional architecture and decorations, the manor house brings back the spirit of Polish residences of noble families, erected on a floor plan of an irregular rectangle. This two-story building has an attic and a small risalit on the front façade. The risalit is highlighted in the cellar by the magnificent fan-shaped stairs and a recessed portico with a terrace supported on four columns.

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CHOMIĄŻA SZLACHECK A

The front and back façade overlooking the park, which is decorated with a brick porch, is topped with a massif arcade extension closed with a triangular abutment. Cellars with bossage, diverse details, pilaster strips in the corners of the façade and dormers on the roof enrich the manor architecture.

Radically restored interiors changed their original, residential character. Its former glory is reminded only by the sail vaults in the basements. During the contemporary expansion, glazed pavilions were added to the manor house on two sides. In its proximity, a new hotel building was constructed in a similar, classical style, connected with the manor by an underground walkway.

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An interesting titbit The local cemetery features tombstones of the estate owners, Józef and Rozalia Sulerzyski and the Jarmułt-Mlicki family.

Piotr Winter

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CHOMIĄŻA SZLACHECK A

Blended in the existing scenery, the local scenic park occupying 4.6 hectares, descending slightly to the lake, dates from the period of the manor construction. Old tree species growing in the park include oak, linden and maple. The old spatial layout is also visible, including park alleys, glades and three ponds situated on three different levels, on which water cascades were made.

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2347C (Gąsawa – Pakość).

PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.751074, 17.841647

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8. Ciechocinek Aleksandrów Kujawski County, Ciechocinek Township

During the interwar years, Polish presidents were able to spend their vacations in residences that were situated in beautiful places such as Jurata on the Baltic Sea, Wisła in the Silesian Beskid mountain range and Ciechocinek health resort. Construction of the manor of Ciechocinek is related to President Ignacy Mościcki (1867–1946), serving as an example of “Polish Manor” design that had been present in Polish architecture for a very long time. Situated in a relatively short distance from our nation’s capital, the health resort was attracting many health resort visitors during the interwar period. With them in mind, Ciechocinek was expanded and modernized, developing the area between graduation towers for curative, rehabilitation, sport and recreation purposes. The Association of Spa Physicians employed architect Romuald Gutt, hydrologist Aleksander Szniolis and landscape architect Zygmunt Hellwig, who created a complex of saltwater swimming pools in 1931–1932, blended with the local scenery. The solemn opening was attended by Ignacy Mościcki, President of the Second Republic of Poland. In June

63

CIECHOCINEK

1932, he not only cut the ribbon, but also spent his vacation in Ciechocinek.

His stay inspired the then municipal authorities to build a residence that would be appropriate for our head of state. A single-story manor with residential attic, preceded by a portico supported on columns, was built in the proximity of a pine forest in the middle of the 1930s. President Mościcki had never stayed in the manor, but his earlier stay in town made that the name “Mościcki’s Manor” has been known to this day. In 1952, after abolishing the office of the president in Poland, the manor became the Research and Development Center of the Medical Academy of Warsaw, and later a kindergarten. The original function of the building was forgotten, since it required remodeling. It owes its present look to another president of the Republic of Poland, Aleksander Kwaśniewski. In 2001, the Municipal Council of Ciechocinek handed over the building along with the park to the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland. Its restoration took two years.

The manor house is small. Its ground floor features an exhibition dedicated to the history of this site and Ignacy Mościcki. The manor is surrounded by pine trees. Garden alleys head to the amphitheater. There are also stone benches that invite to taking a break.

Agnieszka Wysocka

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 Visit: he place can be visited only by prior arrangement by phone (54/283 31 30).  Access: the town is located close to the exit from the A1 highway and the main road no 91. There is a railway station and PKS bus station.  Address: ul. Leśna 7, 87-720 Ciechocinek

CIECHOCINEK

 GPS: 52.878035, 18.801863

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9. Dębowa Łąka

Wąbrzeźno County, Dębowa Łąka Township

The first mention about Dębowa Łąka as a knight’s village dates from 1319. During centuries that followed it had been a property of several Polish families. Since 1776, the estate was owned by the Germans. In 1812, Johann von Friese’s widow married Carl Hennig and since that time until the early 1890s the village had been part of the Hennig family estate. During the 1840s, Friedrich Hennig built a stately, late-Classicist residence. In 1892, his inheritor Mathilda Hennig sold her property to the Prussian Colonization Commission. After 1895, the palace became the seat of the religious order of Evangelical priests. In 1920–1924, the Sisters Servants of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mother of God run an educational institution for young girls in the palace. In 1924, there was also a boys’ school. In a later period, until 1930,

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DĘBOWA ŁĄK A

the building served as the seat of the Secondary Agricultural School, and since 1932 until the beginning of September 1939 it was taken over by the Sisters of the Divine Shepherd of Divine Providence. During the German occupation, the palace was turned to a prison for Polish priests. In 1945, the Sisters of the Divine Shepherd resumed their activity in the building. Unfortunately, in 1954, they had to leave the palace in only three days, which became a forced labor camp for nuns for two years.

In 1965, after earlier remodeling works, the palace housed the State Orphanage, which operated until 1984, when it was turned to the School-Educational Center.

The palace, situated on the edge of a hill, can be distinguished by its stately, four-wing structure and a tall steeple towering over the surrounding area. The building along with its inside courtyard features a varied height of wings and there are many indications that it had been constructed in several stages. Its two-story front façade with the main entrance juts out slightly from the building

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Krzysztof Bartowski

 Visit: the place can be visited only by prior arrangement by phone with the SchoolEducational Center in Dębowa Łąka.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no 548. It has bus service.  Address: Dębowa Łąka 40, 87-207 Dębowa Łąka  GPS: 53.256650, 19.092218

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DĘBOWA ŁĄK A

like a risalit and is topped with a triangular gable.

The back façade facing the park has two- and three-story parts, featuring a tower with a terrace between them. There is also a partially glazed verandah, closed from three sides with Doric columns, supporting a rectangular terrace. Inside the palace, we will find a magnificent staircase with decorative cast iron railings and the original windows and doors.

The scenic park dating from the first half of the 19th century features many tree species, ponds and glades. The majority of trees growing in the park include such species as beech, common oak, chestnut tree, common maple, small-leaved linden, and larch.

A maple leaved plane, which is a national natural landmark, grows in the park as well. There is also a gardener’s house built in a period between the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.

10. Grocholin

Nakło County, Kcynia Township

In the beginning of the 17th century, Grocholin was a property of two noble families, Grocholski (they had a manor and grange) and Baranowski (owners of the peasant village). In 1623, Grocholin was sold to the Baranowski family. They built the local fortified manor, seen to this day in Grocholin, most likely as early as the first half of the 17th century. In 1818, the Grocholin estate was taken over by count Fryderyk Skórzewski. The property remained in the hands of the Skórzewski family until 1836, when it was purchased by an affluent Prussian nobleman, Carl Julius von Treskow. The Skórzewskis (or von Treskows) built a new manor next to the old one. The descendants of Carl Julius, and their later inheritor, relative Hans von Rosen, owned Grocholin until 1945.

The 17th-century manor house was built in the style of the Northern Renaissance, but it owes its present look - to a large extent – to the renovation project that took place in 1836–1837, performed in the Neogothic style. This two-story manor has a tall gable roof, featuring stepped gables on the sides that date from the period of the mentioned

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renovation. The northwest corner of the building is adjacent to a tall, pentagonal tower, finished with battlements. The front eastern faรงade is decorated with the Mannerist, brick and stucco entrance portal. The rooms on the grand flor are vaulted (beam ceilings on the first floor).

A stately, nearby late-Classicist manor house that was built in the 19th century (designer unknown), in a blurred style due to numerous renovations, has a basement. This two-story building features a spacious hipped roof. The front northern faรงade can be distinguished by a two-story central risalit, covered with a gable roof. On the ground floor of the risalit, there is recessed entrance porch, closed with a semicircular arcade at the first floor level. The entrance in the risalit of the back faรงade is preceded by a terrace with steps.

The expansive scenic park occupying 12 hectares and an orchard situated in it was established after 1840 by Julius von Treskow, the son of Carl Julius. He built a fence around the entire estate. The centerpiece of the park is a group of three ponds, which initially created one stretch of a moat of an old, fortified manor. The oldest trees were planted about 170 years ago. The vast majority of trees are common

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maples, but there are also such species as ash, linden, chestnut tree, robinia, oak, beech, poplar, sycamore, plane, birch, fir, pine, Douglas fir, thuja, yew, and spruce. The entire green area makes it a very impressive manor house park.

Lech Łbik

GROCHOLIN

 Visit: the place can be visited only by prior arrangement by phone with the Grocholin State Farm.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 1930C (Dobieszewko – Kcynia), in close proximity to the regional road no. 41.

PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.988130, 17.424402

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11. Grochowiska Szlacheckie Żnin County, Rogowo Township

This village with origins dating back to the Middle Ages was a property of the knights of the coat of arms of Poraj in the 15th century. It is possible that as early as the 17th century it was owned by the noble Korytowski family of the coat of arms of Mora (with a black man’s head in the crest). Grochowiska had been in the possession of the Korytowskis until the outbreak of World War II. Initially, they resided in a single-story wooden manor with a private chapel, which was described in 1750. In the late 18th century, the then owner of the local village, Józef Korytowski, replaced the old manor with a new, brick manor, which was also a single-story building.

It had a habitable attic and an impressive portico (Teofila Korytowska, believed to be the initiator of construction of this building, resided in the manor house in nearby Rogowo). In 1912, a new floor was added to the 18th century manor house, providing

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to it the shape of palace. During the Nazi occupation, a German named Rave lived in the building.

In 1945–1995, the palace was the property of the State Treasury, and sold later to a private owner. It was restored and turned into a hotel.

The Neoclassicist building has the front façade facing the south. Its central part juts out slightly from the building in the form of a risalit, preceded by an 18th-century portico in a giant order with four Tuscan columns. The columns support a triangular pediment with a tympanum, featuring the coat of arms of the Korytowski family. A contemporary, spacious verandah dominates on the back façade.

The palace has a partial basement, and some of its cellars may date back to the 17th or 18th century.

In some of its interiors we can notice the original layout dating from 1912. Only a beautiful tiled stove remained from the old décor.

The park surrounding the palace, occupying two hectares and featuring a pond, was established in the 19th century. Its diverse tree stand consists of common ash, small-leaved linden, stately elm, robinia, European white birch, horse-chestnut, Douglas fir, European larch, and the wych elm.

Lech Łbik

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2345C (Gąsawa – Rogowo), in the proximity of the main road no. 5.

PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.737019, 17.692945

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12. Huta

Bydgoszcz County, Koronowo Township

In the beginning of the 19th century, the land north of the village of Wąwelno was purchased by the Hutten-Czapski family. The new owners established an estate in the area that they named Hutta.

In 1853, the property was taken over by Reinhold Rasmus. It can be assumed that he built a manor and established a park in Huta. In 1880, the estate was bought by Gustaw Baetge and in the beginning of the 20th century by Heinrich Bothe. During the interwar period, the property was first divided and later (in 1933) nationalized. In 1938, the manor and grange were owned by Konstanty Bartz, a farmer from Huta. In 1978, the property was inherited by his son, Henryk, who sold the manor to Stanisław and Urszula Koźmic in 1984.

The residence was built in the style of English Neogothic. Nowadays it consists of a two-story

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building with a risalit from the northwest and a two-story main body with an attic that joins it from the southeast. A square, three-story tower, topped with a crenellated attic was added to the eastern faรงade. The risalit on the northern front faรงade is topped with the same attic, featuring octagonal pillars crowned with crenellation over the roof, seen in the corners. The tower and risalit feature semicircular windows. The back faรงade facing the garden is preceded with a terrace supported on a two-arcade pedestal. The manor is not complete, since the northwest part of the main body was pulled down in the past, as a result of which the building lost its symmetric composition, and the central front risalit became an outermost risalit.

Northeast of the manor there are farm buildings with a distillery, dating from the late 19th century.

A three-hectare scenic park with three ponds stretches in the southwest of the residence. Among typical park trees with impressive dimensions, we can find splendid chestnut trees, maples, linden and beech trees, spruces and pines. In the western part of the park, on a hill, there is the destroyed tombstone of Otilia and Reinhold Rasmus. The manor was partially renovated by the former

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owner, Stanisław Koźmic (died in 2010), who was professionally involved in restoration of antique automobiles; the founder of Ret-Club, associating classic car enthusiasts. During his life, Huta hosted classic car rallies, adding more glamor to this site.

Lech Łbik

 Visit: rivate property. The manor with a park is seen from the road.  Access: the village is situated on the county road no. 1147C (Sitowiec – Wąwelno), about 10–15 km away from the main road no. 25.

PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.342805, 17.701772

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13. Jabłonowo Pomorskie Brodnica County, Jabłonowo Pomorskie Township

Starting from the Middle Ages, several manor houses of subsequent owners of the village have been seen on a tall hill on the western outskirts of Jabłonowo. In 1845, the local manor house became the property of Stefan Narzymski of the coat of arms of Dołęga (1807–1868) and his wife Otolia nee Karwat of the coat of arms of Murdelio (1815–1867). The present palace in the English style was built on their initiative in 1854–1859. The building was designed by Berlin architect Friedrich August Stüler, a student of Karl Friedrich Schinkel.

Construction works were supervised by architect Karl Lorenz. In 1931, Helena Narzymska, the then owner of the property, sold the Jabłonowo estate along with the residence to the State Agricultural Bank in Warsaw. Two years later, the bank handed over the palace to the Congregation of the Sisters of the Divine Shepherd of Divine Providence, which turned it into their motherhouse. The building was changed into a convent. The Neogothic palace, decorated with Neo-Romanesque and Neo-Renaissance details, is a single-story building with a tall basement. It was constructed on an irregular projection, featuring the front façade from the west, many-sided central part, four multi-story towers and three pavilions connected by a semicircular curtain wall. On the sides of the rectangular main body we can find the side wings, shorter from the north and longer from the south. The later ones had an elongated, single-story addition, finished with a low, hexagonal tower. The cylindrical, octagonal and two rectangular towers recall the spirit of the Middle Ages. The main body and towers are crowned with crenellations, unveiling flat hipped roofs.

Despite conversion of the interior into a convent,

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Lech Łbik

 Visit: the place can be visited from outside.

In the palace, by prior arrangement by phone, it is possible to visit the Chapel of Blessed Maria Karłowska.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 543. It has a railway station and bus service.  Address: Jabłonowo-Zamek 19, 87-330 Jabłonowo Pomorskie  GPS: 53.386886, 19.135394

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the magnificent palace rooms have remained unchanged. They include the oval ballroom, dining room, hallway with a tiled stove, main staircase, and finally the old winter garden (now, the chapel). In the palace, there is the shrine dedicated to Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935), the founder of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Divine Shepherd of Divine Providence.

On the northern side of the palace, there are old farm buildings dating from the 3rd quarter of the 19th century, including an administration building, servants’ quarters, a big granary and horse stable.

The entire estate is surrounded by a vast scenic park in the English style with numerous old trees. On its western edge, on the pond, there is a Neo-Baroque pavilion built as a summer residence in the second half of the 19th century.

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14. Jastrzębie

Lipno County, Lipno Township

The village, most likely from the 15th century until the late 16th century, was the seat of the Jastrzębski family of the coat of arms of Dołęga. There is no information about the village dating from the 17th century, and according to records it was a property of the Rokicki family of the coat of arms of Rogala during the late 1780s. It is probable that a manor with farm buildings existed in Jastrzębie as early as the 18th century. In the end of the 2nd decade of the 19th century, the Jastrzębie estate was purchased by Mateusz Wilczyński, who built a single-story manor house. In 1833, he participated in the uprising, which led to confiscation of his

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property. Stanisław Romocki, his wife’s brother applied for return of Jastrzębie. Finally, in 1843, the property was handed over to Mateusz’s sons, Ignacy and Franciszek. The latter one took over the estate. Jastrzębie had remained in the hands of the Wilczyński family until the early 20th century. The showpiece part of the manor was built probably by the new owner, Kazimierz Różycki, who in 1903 started working on establishing an orchard, adding new plants and creating a hornbeam alley. In 1920, during the war with the Bolsheviks, the residence of the Różycki family was plundered. The family owned it until the outbreak of World War II. During the war, it was taken over by the German occupation forces. After the war, in 1945, the Jastrzębie estate was seized by the State Treasury. Initially, the manor housed the School Center of Agricultural Education, which was tuned into a library in 1970.

The building was remodeled in 2014–2015.

The manor with complex architecture features two stages of construction. Its main, single-story part was built around the middle of the 19th century, with a porch from the front and a smaller one on the side façade.

The building with a tall, three-sloped roof had a typical interior layout with a front hallway, a small lounge and residential rooms on sides. The simple manor house was expanded by a stately, single-story wing in the form of a risalit.

The showpiece wing façade features surface frame division, and on the floor it is divided with pilasters. From the south and north the entire building is topped with triangular gables with oculi. All windows have embellished frames. A low gable roof covers the whole structure. Only a few components of the original interior design have remained, including a decorative tiled stove, wall clock and partial wood door joinery of the old ballroom. The local scenic park dates from the beginning

JASTRZĘBIE

and middle of the 19th century. It features an elongated, oval pond in the middle, with an islet. Tree stand consists of native tree species, planted about 150–200 years ago, including beech, oak, maple and chestnut trees, which used to grow in an alley.

Originally, the park had oak, hornbeam, linden and maple alleys.

Krzysztof Bartowski

 Visit: the place is open to the public; it houses a branch of the Public Library in Lipno.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2137C (Obory – Lipno), in the proximity of the main road no. 10 and the regional road no. 557. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.874984, 19.181037

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15. Jastrzębie

powiat świecki, gmina Drzycim

The first records about Jastrzębie date from 1360. From the beginning of 1480s until the late 18th century the village had been owned by Polish families, including Konarski, Czapski and Tuchołek. From 1829 to the early 1870s, it was a property of the Hermann family. In 1874, Jastrzębie was purchased by Albert Heinrich. In the 1880s, the name of the estate was changed to “Falcon Nest” (German Falkenhorst). In 1900, the only daughter of Heinrich, Hildegard, married Victor von Detmering, who became the owner of Jastrzębie in 1907.

In 1910 –1912, he built the present palace. The building was constructed as a reinforced concrete structure with central heating. Between 1923 and World War II, the Jastrzębie estate was a property of the Modrow family. During the German occupation, the last owner from this family, Joachim, was a commander of Selbstschutz (paramilitary organization of the German minority). In 1945, the estate was taken over by the State Treasury of Poland along with the State Farm established on its premises. Since 1991, the building was a property of the Agricultural Property Agency of the State Treasury, and since 2003 the Agricultural Real Estate Agency. In 2007, the palace was sold to

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Krzysztof Bartowski

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is situated on the regional road no. 239.

Railway station and PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.522426, 18.265779

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a private person who thoroughly remodeled the building in 2008–2010, restoring it to its former glory. The picturesque palace is situated on a small hill, which architecture refers to a Romantic knight’s residence. The two-story residence was built in the Modernist style of residential architecture. Our attention is focused in particular on the front facade, which from the northeast is accented with a tall, octagonal tower with corner pinnacles and a terrace. In addition to it, the opposite side of the main structure of the palace is closed with a smaller, round, three-story turret with an onion dome. The fronton is preceded with an impressive porch, which roof rests on six double columns.

Above it, there is a small bay window, and above it – a big, semicircular gable with the coat of arms of the previous owners. The façade facing the park features a risalit and has the same finial as the fronton along with a semicircular bay window with a terrace. On the northern side, there are additional two terraces, including one that is placed on the columns of the porch. The entire palace is covered with a tall, multifaceted roof.

The local scenic park, dating from the mid-19th century, stretching northwestward, was skillfully blended in the slope and ravines. The most common tree species in the park include small-leaved linden, common ash, horse-chestnut, and field elm.

Thirteen of them are designated as national natural landmarks, including yew, oak and fir trees. One of the distinctive features of the park is the chestnut alley. Its depression was initially filled with a pond fed with waters flowing from the nearby stream.

16. Kijewo Szlacheckie

Chełmno County, Kijewo Królewskie Township

In the Middle Ages, Kijewo was divided into two independent villages: Kijewo Szlacheckie and Kijewo Królewskie. The history of the first one is undoubtedly intertwined with the nearby Płutowo and Dorposz. In the 20 th century, the estate in Kijewo Szlacheckie, encompassing the palace, park and mill (built in 1910), was purchased by Leopold Rychter, who had a steam mill in Toruń.

The latter one sold the property to the Ponieckis who leased a mill and granaries in Bydgoszcz (Stanisław, manager of the mills of Bydgoszcz and Dr. Bolesław, director of the estate of Szczodrów).

Barbara Poniecka, the daughter of Józef, brought the estate in Kijewo Szlacheckie as dowry to the Wojnowski family. The Wojnowskis administered Kijewo until the outbreak of World War II. During the occupation, the Kijewo estate was seized by the Germans, and the cellars of the palace were turned into a prison for Soviet prisoners of war. After 1945, the Wojnowski family was deprived of the mill, but retained its palace with a small park.

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Construction of the palace dating from 1908, according to laconic information, is ascribed to an unknown German. This small palace has unusual architecture, reminding a villa. It was built on an irregular floor plan as a single-story structure founded on high cellars, with the faรงade featuring an impressive, three-story corner tower built on an octagonal projection. Particularly attractive is the top story with four cylindrical bay windows and the same number of small balconies supported on corbels. The tower is covered with a tented roof in a two-story design with eyelid windows in the lower part. The faรงade, embellished with fine, linear bossage, is rhythmically divided with pilaster strips and cut by openings topped with a full arch.

The front faรงade with a tower is adjacent to a porch built in front of the main entrance, whereas the side faรงade features a small terrace with glazed roofing.

The intriguing architecture of the palace seems to combine an inspiration with Italian Renaissance with parts of Early Modernism, as well as Art Nouveau ornamentation of the entrance doors and stucco in the interior.

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It seems that the final layout of the park, which was established between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, was developed during construction of the palace. This charming building is surrounded with various old tree species, including magnificent beech and chestnut trees. In the northwest part of the park there is a pond, which was a typical feature of scenic parks.

 Visit: the place can be visited from outside only by prior arrangement by phone with the owner.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 1607C (Dorposz Szlachecki – Unisław), west of the main road no. 91. It has no PKS bust stop.  GPS: 53.278019, 18.411348

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Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

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17. Kłóbka

Włocławek County, Lubień Kujawski Township

Kłóbka, situated in the region of Kuyavia, preserves memories of the Orpiszewski family, which owned the village since 1822. The first owner – Józef Orpiszewski (1778–1833), participated in the Kościuszko Uprising. His son Ludwik (1810–1875) took part in the November Night that initiated the November Uprising in 1830.

Around 1850, Lucjan Orpiszewski built a new family residence. In 1882–1884, the manor was expanded with a wing with palace features, on the initiative of Maria Orpiszewska nee Wodziński (1819–1896). In the second half of the 20th century, the building was gradually falling in disrepair.

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Fortunately, the manor house was restored in 2012–2015. The renovation works brought back the original brick and wood architecture of the structure, popular since the 19th century until the early 20th century in Kuyavia. Its interior was divided into two parts. The ground floor features an atmosphere of landowner’s residence, whereas the first floor is designed as an aristocratic residence with an exhibition of paintings made by Maria Orpiszewska nee Wodziński.

The park, picturesquely located on a slope of the Lubieńka River Valley, was thoroughly renovated, dividing it to a showpiece part (in the immediate proximity of the manor house) and landscaped area, transitioning smoothly into a forest. Aerial photos taken in 1941 help in restoration of the old landscape garden.

An interesting titbit Maria Orpiszewska nee Wodziński lived in Kłóbka for 15 years. At the end of her life, she confided to her nephew Antoni: “Everyone thinks that I should be proud of the fact that Słowacki and Chopin were in love with me, but I constantly repeat that I am only proud of the fact that the man like my husband [Władysław Orpiszewski] has always loved me.”

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Visit: the house is open to the public. In the area of the manor and park estate, there is the Kujawy and Dobrzyń Ethnographic Park in Kłóbka, which is a branch of the Museum of the Kujawy and Dobrzyń Land in Włocławek.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2928C (Modlibórz – Chodecz), west of the main road no. 91. It has no bus service.  GPS: 52.449523, 19.127669

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18. Kobylniki

Inowrocław County, Kruszwica Township The first record about the village dates from 1218, when it was part of the estates of the Cistercian Monastery of Łekno. Later, it was a property of the Przosna knight dynasty. In 1389–1398, it belonged to Andrzej Kobylnicki. In the 16th century, Jan Tupolski was the squire in the village. In the period between the late 16th century and the 17th century, it was in the possession of the Kąsinowski family of the coat of arms of Nałęcz. Starting from the 17th century until the middle of the 18th century, Kobylniki was owned by the Kobylnicki family of the coat of arms of Rola.

In 1760, it was taken over by the Kortowski family. In the second half of the 18th century, Kobylniki was a property of the Rostkowski and Paruszewski family of the coat of arms of Rogala. In the beginning of the 19th century, Dobrogart Twardowski of the coat of arms of Ogończyk was the owner of the village. In 1840, the Wilamowitz-Moellendorff family moved in to Kobylniki, where Hugon Fryderyk von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff was born in the same year.

In 1875, he inherited estate from his aunt Emma von Schwanenfeld. In 1900, serving as starosta of Inowrocław, he started construction works on a stately residence. The design was made probably

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by the outstanding Berlin architect Hans Grisebach (1848–1904), a representative of Historism. In the early 20th century, the palace became the seat of the Masonic lodge Freimaurerloge zum Licht im Osten, associating the most affluent Prussian landowners from the Inowrocław area. In 1905, Kobylniki was the main residence of the Wilamowitz-Moellendorffs, which remained in the possession of this family until 1945. In 1946, the property was taken over by the State Treasury.

The palace is an example of the picturesque style in its castellated concept, combining Neogothic features with French Renaissance. Such buildings were fashionable across Europe in a period between the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century.

Its elegant front façade is highlighted by a tall tower, similar to a gate, featuring a clock face with the coats of arms of the former owners and two turrets. The stairs of the main entrance are embellished with two stone lions, which guard the palace.

An expansive scenic park, approaching Lake Gopło from the east, has preserved its old, legible layout of roads and alleys. It also features tree species diversity among old trees, enriched with some exotic species from North America and Asia, including five bald cypresses recognized as national natural landmarks, Douglas firs, long-lived Canadian hemlocks, thorny locusts, and white firs. There are also trees of Asian origin, including Tatar maple and melliferous Japanese pagoda tree. The most popular trees growing in the park include small-leaved linden, common maple, field elm, and European spruce. An old annex dating from the period between the late 18th century and the early 19th century, called the “Old Palace,” is seen in the northern part of the park.

Krzysztof Bartowski

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located in close proximity to the crossing of the main road no.

62 and the regional road no. 412. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.687114, 18.311398

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19. Kołdrąb

Żnin County, Janowiec Wielkopolski Township

The village has existed since the Middle Ages.

Its owners frequently changed in the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1810–1874, it was in the possession of the Büthner-Zawadzki family of the coat of arms of Ostoja. In that time the Kołdrąb estate, occupying about 500 hectares, received the high status of knight estate. In 1874, the estate was sold by Antoni Büthner-Zawadzki to Józef Bronisz. A palace was built on this site a little bit earlier, most likely around 1870, designed by an unknown architect.

In 1922, it was taken over along with the local estate by Kazimierz Haber of Poznań, a participant of Wielkopolska Uprising and Silesian Uprising (1872–1933). Since 1992, the estate became a property of the Metropolitan Curia in Gniezno, which through the Caritas of the Archdiocese of

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Gniezno runs the “Słoneczna Przystań” Orphanage in it.

The stately palace is seen on a tall slope overlooking Lake Kołdrąbskie. It is in the English Gothic Revival style. It is a two-story building with a tall, octagonal tower in the southwest corner and a two-story addition seen in the north, reminding a massive tower. The central axis of the front western façade features a shallow risalit, which precedes a portico that supports the terrace of the first floor.

The main structure, addition and tower are topped with picturesque machicolations and crenels. They are completed with pinnacles, seen in the corners of the addition, above the risalit and on the tower.

A small scenic park, occupying 2.7 hectares, was established concurrent with the palace. It can be accessed by a linden alley that ends with a spacious lawn and ornamental shrubs. The same park features such tree species as horse-chestnut, common maple, small-leaved linden, robinia, and spruce. There is also a large group of trees growing on the slope nearby the lake, the most popular of which include field elm, common ash and gray alder.

The Kołdrąb Neogothic is not limited to the palace. The same style, in its North German variety is seen in the Parish Church of St. John the Baptist built in 1898–1901. It stands in the center of the village and was designed by Wrocław architect Alexis Langer.

Lech Łbik

 Visit: the place can be visited from outside only by prior arrangement by phone with the “Słoneczna Przystań” Orphanage in Kołdrąb.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2326C (Janowiec Wielkopolski Rogowo), west of the main road no. 5. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.737671, 17.570923

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20. Kołuda Mała

Inowrocław County, Janikowo Township

As early as the 13th century the village was in the possession of the Kołudzki family of the coat of arms of Pomian, and only in the 16th century it was divided to Kołuda Wielka and Kołuda Mała. It is known that in the beginning of the 19th century, there was a stately manor house built by Marcin Kołudzki, surrounded with an Italian-style garden.

Starting from 1820, Jan Mittelstaedt (1777–1831) had been mentioned as its owner. The present palace, which architecture refers directly to Petit Trianon in Versailles, France was built in the middle of the 19th century on the foundation of an older building on the initiative of Mittelstaedt’s inheritors.

A major expansion project, supervised by architect Stanisław Mieczkowski, that slightly changed the original harmony of the structure, took place in the beginning of the 20th century. The heiress of the

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estate, Maria married Eustachy Działowski and until 1939, the property had remained in the hands of the Działowski family. During the occupation, the palace served as a hospital. After the war, it was turned into a school and recently to a nursing home. These days, it is a private property. After renovation it charms with its unique architecture.

The palace is a late-Classicist, two-story, stately structure with an attic in the form of mezzanine, quarter circle annexes and single-story additions on both sides. Its expanded structure is embellished with a low slope hipped roof, hiding behind a beautiful baluster attic. The showpiece façade is accented with a magnificent four-column portico in the giant order. Two wings are adjacent to the main body. The western wing adjoins a glazed gallery with a spacious single-story pavilion.

The back façade facing the garden features a terrace with impressive stairs, which offer an excellent view of Lake Pakoskie. In its interior, with enfilade spatial arrangement, the most impressive is a U shaped marble staircase with a balustrade, open with three arcades in the hall on the ground floor. The palace is surrounded by a 19 th-century fence, which was recently restored. It features a

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gate with decorative vases and lion statues. The old utility buildings were replaced with a new structure that refers to their original character.

A scenic park surrounding the palace, occupying 4.7 hectares, renovated in recent years, dates also from the middle of the 19th century. There are 17 species of ornamental trees growing in the park, including white poplar, common ash, field elm, small-leaved linden, and European larch. A small creek, a tributary of the Noteć River, runs through the park.

KOŁUDA MAŁA

Piotr Winter

 Visit: private property, seen from the road and Lake Pakoskie.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2559C (Janikowo – Kołuda Mała), in close proximity to the regional road no. 255. No PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.717829, 18.124767

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21. Kruszyn

Bydgoszcz County, Sicienko Township

The Kruszyn palace has a very interesting history. It has served as a school practically from the beginning of its active use. Starting from 1720, the village had ties to the famous, affluent Bniński family, the owners of Samostrzel, and later to the Grabowskis. In the second half of the 19th century, it was taken over by the German Weckwarth family.

It initiated construction of the present building in 1882, on the site of an old knight’s manor remembering the times of the Bniński family. The last owner of the estate from that family, Böltz’s widow, sold it to the Prussian Colonization Commission in 1905, which settled 26 German families in the area. The palace was converted into a German Evangelical school. Some rooms were changed to

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apartments for teachers and the pastor. Starting from 1924, based on the decision of the Poznaล School District Department of Education, it was replaced with Polish elementary school, providing education from Class 1 to Class 4 until 1939.

During World War II, the building housed barracks of a labor camp for women (Reichsarbeitsdienst) and despite significant war damages the school activities were resumed as early as April 1945.

The school building was successively remodeled and expanded. In the school year 2005/2006, it was turned into a school for the children of NATO soldiers and civilian personnel from Bydgoszcz. The building has been serving as a school to this day, continuing traditions of this place that date back more than one hundred years.

The palace in the historicizing style, referring in detail to 18th-century French architecture, designed by an unknown designer, consists of the main structure that is situated perpendicular to the side wing.

Its two-story part, covered with mansard roofs, is topped with decorative arcade extensions. The faรงade is embellished with impressive architectural details, providing to the building, despite its bulky structure, lightness and decorative dimension. The western faรงade features the main entrance with stone stairs and brick balustrade, and the eastern faรงade is decorated with an Art Nouveau fronton and a three-bay risalit with a terrace. A simple, two-column portico is built in front of the second entrance.

The park dates from the second half of the 19th century and occupies about one hectare. It features old tree species and

a pond. Unfortunately, due to the function of the palace, the park – to a large extent – was replaced with a pitch and playground.

Piotr Winter

 Visit: the place can be visited from outside.  Access: the village is located on the main road no. 10. PKS bus stop.

KRUSZYN

 Address: ul. Szkolna 6, 86-014 Sicienko  GPS: 53.156640, 17.840723

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22. Krzywosądz

powiat radziejowski, gmina Dobre

This village, which origins date back to the Middle Ages, has been in the possession of the Krzywosąd knights family until the 16th century, and later the Zakrzewskis and Niemojewskis. From 1720 to 1894, it was a property of the Modliński family of the coat of arms of Tępa Podkowa. The present manor house was built in 1853 by the then heir of Krzywosądz, Józef Modliński (designer unknown). After the Modlińskis, the village was owned consecutively by Aron Kosman, Helena Kobylańska, and Helena Dzierżykraj-Morawska.

The latter one, after the purchase of the local estate, made the decision to divide and sell it. In 1908, the manor was sold to the Roman Catholic Parish of Krzywosądz that turned it into a rectory, which involved reconstruction of interiors in the residence that started a decade later. The building has been serving as a rectory to this day.

A two-story, late-Classicist manor house with a hipped roof was built on an elongated, rectangular floor plan. The center of the southern front façade features a three-bay risalit, supported by pilasters and topped with a triangular pediment and stucco

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decoration, depicting agricultural tools. Vases on pedestals are seen on both sides of the pediment.

The eastern addition connects the main structure with a four-sided, two-story tower, crowned with a balustrade. The walls of the manor are decorated with the top frieze embellished with stucco. Above the frieze, there is a low attic, divided by semicircular niches. There is no park and most likely it has never existed. A well-tended garden with conifers stretches in front of the rectory.

In close proximity to the manor there is a parish church built from oak wood in 1861–1863.

It was constructed by the manor’s builder, Józef Modliński. In the church cemetery, our attention is focused on the tombstone of a 23-year-old Helena Modlińska nee Górecki, who died from consumption and was buried in 1884. She was the granddaughter of Adam Mickiewicz and the wife of Józef Modliński, the son of the heir who had made the described investments. Earlier, during the outbreak of the January Uprising, the manor served as the residence of General Ludwik Mierosławski, the dictator of the uprising. The residence of the Modliński family was also one of the points of resistance during the losing battle fought with the Russians in the area of Krzywosądz on February 19, 1863. One of the victims of the battle was Jan Wasiłowski, the brother of the famous writer Maria

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Lech Łbik

 Visit: the place can be visited from outside only by prior arrangement by phone with the Parish of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Krzywosądz.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 266. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.705575, 18.590112

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Konopnicka, who visited Krzywosądz in a later period in order to find his grave.

23. Lubaszcz

Nakło County, Nakło nad Notecią Township

The village, which has been known since the late 15th century, was a crown land administered by Nakło Starostwo (administrative unit in the Polish Crown). Starting from the 16th century, it became property of the noble Kościelecki family. During the centuries that followed, the estate had passed into the hands of several Polish families. In 1780, after disbanding of the Polish starosta office, Johann Myschke, a German citizen, became first the estate administrator and then its owner. In 1821, he gave his only daughter Fryderyka Wilhelmina away to marry Henryk August Ritter of the Netherlands and since that time, for over one hundred years, the estate had remained with the Ritter family.

Then the property was taken over by their son Ernest, who was a good and efficient administrator.

Thanks to high revenues, the owners were able to build a stately manor house along with farm buildings around 1870. The last member of the Ritter family, also Ernest, died in 1932 without an

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heir. The estate, heavily indebted, was purchased a year later by Władysława Kowalska. She moved here along with her seven (!) children. In 1946, the Folk High School was placed in the manor, followed by a machine center office since 1950. The manor was never renovated and gradually fell into disrepair. Its former splendor is reminded only by the main and side staircases with laced, spiral, forged stairs. Since 1995, the manor has been owned by private individuals. The new owners initiated the first restoration works.

A balanced and harmonious structure of the late-Classicist, double-story manor house, built on a rectangular plan, was covered with a gable roof. On the sides of the wider main structure, there are higher, lightly broken risalits topped with ornamental, triangular pediments.

The impressive façade, cut by fine bossage, is founded on the stone pedestal, divided by profiled and crowned with square set cornices, whereas windows are framed with architectural setting with pilasters, bossage and triangular pediments.

From the west, the ground floor windows flank the ornamental

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aedicule (niche). The main entrance is seen in the two-story northern addition, and the second one on the western façade.

The park dates from the middle of the 19 th century and occupies an area of about one hectare.

These days, it is a neglected area, with an illegible spatial layout. Only one of the three park ponds has survived to this day. Some of the old tree species growing in the park include small-leaved linden, common oak, common maple, horse-chestnut and several national natural landmarks such as common ash and six common oaks.

An interesting titbit During the 1940s, 80-year-old Elizabeth Ritter, the sister of Ernest, a very energetic and economical woman, who assisted Poles despite the turmoil of war, returned to Lubaszcz. She was killed by the Soviet soldiers in 1945. The Russians forbade burying her, but one of the local residents buried her. In close proximity to the manor there are relics of the Evangelical cemetery with tombstones of the Ritter family.

Piotr Winter

 Visit: the place can be visited from outside only by prior arrangement by phone with the owner.  Access: the village is located on the main road no. 10. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.144119, 17.528064

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24. Lubostroń

Żnin County, Łabiszyn Township

The famous Warsaw architect Stanisław Zawadzki (1743–1805) designed for King Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski and Hugo Kołłątaj, and foremost he was building palaces in the countryside – for the Gorzeński family he constructed Śmiełów (1797) and Dobrzyca (1795–1799). However, the most notable project of Zawadzki is the residence for Fryderyk Skórzewski, dating from 1795–1800.

The Lubostroń Palace was modeled for Villa Rotonda (late 16th century), which was very fashionable in Classicist, Palladian architecture. The designer was able to build a square structure with a rotunda covered with a dome. The austere symmetry and monumentalism are eased by stucco and painting decorations. The first one was made most likely by Michał Ceptowicz (1765 –1834), who was active in the region of Wielkopolska. The rotunda room features three historic events, including the Battle of Płowce, Konrad von Jungingen received

by Queen Hedwig and the Battle of Koronowo. They are accompanied by one scene dating from the actual time of the palace construction, depicting Marianna Skórzewska presenting to Frederick II

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the Great, King of Prussia construction plans of the Bydgoszcz Canal.

The polychromes are made by Franciszek Smuglewicz (1745–1807) educated in Rome, a painter who loved antiquity. The local scenic park, transitioning into meadows on the Noteć River, was receiving new plantings starting from the period between the late 18th century and the 19th century. At the request of Fryderyk Skórzewski, the alley leading to the palace was planted with linden trees and a path was outlined toward a hill. It offers a magnificent view of the river valley and the Jabłonowskie Hills.

An interesting titbit The garden orangery, at the request of Countess Maria Skórzewska nee Radziwiłł (1872–1944), was involved in cultivation of pineapples, oranges and grapes. Exotic fruit was served during local parties, enjoyed by guests. Perhaps it was also served during the stay of President of Poland Ignacy Mościcki in Lubostroń in 1927.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Visit: the house is open to the public; it serves as the local government cultural institution - Lubostroń Palace.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2358C (Łabiszyn – Pturek), in close proximity to the regional road no. 253. It has bus service.  GPS: 52.906935, 17.881408

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25 Mała Komorza

Tuchola County, Tuchola Township

The history of Mała Komorza and the local palace is inseparably linked to the Janta-Połczyński family, which rendered great service to maintain the Polish character during the times of the partitions of our country. The family resided here from the late 17th century until the beginning of the 18th century.

It produced many outstanding independence activists and politicians from the interwar period in Poland. The palace with a simple and harmonious structure was built in the middle of the 19th century

by Nepomucen Janta-Połczyński. During the interwar period, the building had gone through rather radical reconstruction, including its front façade, when a modest portico was replaced with a more expanded structure with brick columns. During World War II the palace was consumed by fire, and after 1945 the property was nationalized. In 1972, it was taken over by the PGR Tuchola (State Farm), which started works on its rebuilding. After 1993, unused, the building fell into disrepair. In 1998, the palace passed into the hands of the inheritors of the Janta-Połczyński family. The next year, works

MAŁA KOMORZA

started on comprehensive remodeling of the building, restoring its original architecture and details.

The palace, which features classic architecture, was built in the late-Classicist style, surrounded by a scenic park. This massive, yet harmonious structure is a two-story building with a gable roof.

The impressive front façade is accented with the central risalit with a portico supported on four columns, lifting a balcony with a metal balustrade.

The portico is preceded by wide stairs with an openwork balustrade. The entire design is closed with entablature, above which, the coat of arms of the Janta-Połczyński family is placed in a triangular pediment. A roofed verandah is seen on the southern façade. These days, the interior arrangement is partially erased due to earlier reconstructions, but it has preserved its functional layout with an old entrance hall, living room on an axis, and staircase.

The vast scenic park, occupying more than 3.5 hectares was established in the second half of the 19th century, based on natural topography, stretching primarily east of the palace. Here, the land slopes down and reveals three small ponds.

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Interesting titbits In Mała Komorza there is the famous Janta-Połczyński Arboretum.

Some of the most notable members of the Janta-Połczyński family include Leon (1867–1961), minister of agriculture in the Second Republic of Poland; Aleksander (1908–1974), poet, writer; professor of history Bronisław Dembiński (1858– 1939), rector of the John Casimir University in Lvov and a Member of Parliament.

Piotr Winter

 Visit: the place can be visited only by prior arrangement by phone with the present tenant of the palace or the representative of the inheritors.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 1010C (Wielka Komorza – Drożdzienica), in close proximity to the regional road no. 237.  GPS: 53.64535, 17.861373

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The main axis of the park is an alley that intersects the entire green area from the east to the west, featuring a criss-cross of walking alleys nearby. The palace can be accessed by an alley with a round driveway surrounding a large lawn. There are varied tree species that grow in the park, including white willow, European spruce, maple, sycamore, and Siberian caragana.

26. Marcinkowo Górne Żnin County, Gąsawa Township

The first records about the village date from the 13th century. It became known primarily as the place of death of Leszek the White. The prince was killed in the area of the village on November 24, 1227, running away from the meeting in Gąsawa against the troops of Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerania. In 1783, Marcinkowo Górne was in the possession of Ignacy Zdębiński. In a later period, the new owner was his son in law, Hieronim Karski.

He also owned the Arkuszewo estate (now within the Gniezno city limits). He died in 1885 at the age of 95. At that time, Maksymilian Gozimirski, his grandson inherited Marcinkowo. The property remained in the hands of the family for several decades. The last prewar owner was the son of Maksymilian, Konstanty Gozimirski. In 1945, the estate was nationalized.

The Baroque manor house in Marcinkowo Górne was built in the first half of the 18th century.

Originally, it was built on a rectangular floor plan.

During that time, the ground floor featured five rooms. The most magnificent room was the entrance hall. The most important part of the front façade of the original manor house is the risalit with a small terrace. Above it, there is a tall arcade extension topped with a triangular abutment. The side façades of the building are crowned with decoratively cut gables. A single-story annex was added to the back façade. The manor house has a gable roof. Inside, we can find Baroque stairs and a fireplace with two bas-reliefs, dating back to a period between the third and fourth quarter of the 19th century. Another interesting part of interior design is historical wood door joinery. In the first half of the 19th century, the manor house development was significantly

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changed. During that time it received single-story Classicist annexes and a stable nearby. The first annex was built on a reverse L-shaped floor plan.

It joins the original manor house building with the shorter side. Its longer arm was embellished with a four-column portico in the Tuscan order. The building has an attic in the form of a blind balustrade.

The same component is also seen on the second

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annex, so called cottage. The entire complex is completed with the old stable. In addition to attics, there is also a Tuscan style colonnade.

The entire manor house is surrounded with a 19th-century park occupying 2.5 hectares. The manor can be accessed through a gate with statues of warriors holding escutcheons. The monument of Leszek the White is seen in front of the entrance.

It commemorates his tragic death. The statue is a replica made in the 1970s. The original monument of the prince, destroyed during World War II, was erected in 1927. It was made by sculptor Jakub Juszczyk. In 2009, the manor buildings were thoroughly remodeled. These days they house a hotel and restaurant.

Krystian Strauss

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2345C (Gąsawa – Rogowo), east of the main road no. 5. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.761821, 17.729139

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27. Mełno

Grudziądz County, Gruta Township

In 1830, the Mełno estate which roots date back to the Middle Ages, was purchased by a high-ranking Prussian official Gottlieb Ludwig Bieler. Twenty five years later, his nephew and at the same time son-in-law, Emil started building a new residence on a small hill (designed by an unknown, but notable architect). The palace, which he constructed, is an example of Neo-Renaissance architecture in the German style, called Rundbogenstil. The palace was in the possession of the Bieler family until 1945. In 1950, it was passed into the hands of the Zootechnical Experimental Station in Cracow. The front of the two-story building faces the north. It was built on an irregular floor plan with a square tower from the south. The top story of the tower feature double windows, modeled after Romanesque windows. The northeast corner features an octagonal turret with a Neogothic vault in the inside alcove.

In 1901, the northwest wing was added. The palace

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gables and its risalits have stepped coping. The gable roof of the building, which in the past was a ceramic or metal roof, is now covered with asbestos-cement tiles. The interior layout has survived only with small changes to this day. A two-story hall is seen in the front and rooms are situated in the enfilade. Original woodworking and chandeliers are seen in the ballroom. The palace interiors are decorated with murals. Our attention is focused on five paintings depicting the nearby castles of the Teutonic Knights (in Grudziądz, Radzyń Chełmiński, Rogóźno, Brodnica and Golub-Dobrzyń), which were made by Gustaw Breuning, a painter of Grudziądz in 1890. The buildings surrounding the palace, which style refers to the local Gothic architecture, including distillery, brewery, piggeries, barns, stables and pheasant farm, date from the second half of the 19th century. Every building was decorated with a bas-relief, describing its designation. The gate facing the courtyard is modeled after the gate in the Teutonic Castle in nearby Pokrzywno.

A charming park in the English style, occupying 16 hectares, surrounds the palace. It features about 50 tree species, including unique bald cypress and robinia. The Bieler family cemetery survived in the park. What’s unusual, the last owner of the local estate, Egbert who died in 1954, was buried there forty years later.

Lech Łbik

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 Visit: the place can be visited only by prior arrangement by phone with the Experimental Station of the Mełno Institute of Zootechnics.  Access: the village is located at a crossing of regional roads no. 533 and 538. It has a railway station and bus service.  GPS: 53.429276, 18.964119

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28. Młodocin

Żnin County, Barcin Township The village of Młodocin, located on the left edge of the Noteć River Valley, was mentioned in the records among the properties of the Trzemeszno monastery as early as 1386. However, the year 1871 marked the most important period in its history. In that time, a representative of the family deriving from the medieval Awdaniec dynasty, Tytus Skarbek Malczewski (1843–1928), purchased the estate in Młodocin where he settled down with his wife Wanda Czarnicka. The new heir, freedom fighter of the January Uprising, was an unconventional person who rendered great service to Pałuki. In 1893, he initiated establishing of a sugar factory in Żnin, in which he was the main shareholder. He also contributed to the foundation of the Cooperative Bank (Bank Spółdzielczy) in Barcin in 1896. After his death, the estate was passed into the hands of his widow, unmarried daughters and son Edward, who took over running of the property. He had no skills to do this type of work, thus the estate fell into ruin. Later, the administration of the estate was taken over by his brother Józef. What’s interesting, Józef married a woman from Poznań, who was not approved neither by his mother nor his sisters.

Therefore, when he was coming with his wife to Młodocin, the Malczewski women were leaving the house during their stay. In 1939, the Malczewskis had to leave the estate, which was seized by the Germans. Since 1945, the residence was turned into a school, which was later discontinued. Its activities were resumed in the second half of the 21st century.

The exact date of construction of the family residence by Tytus Malczewski, according to his original concept, is not known. Most likely it was built during the 1870s. The little palace or to be more precise a building reminding a suburban villa,

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Bogna Derkowska- Kostkowska

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 251. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.869881, 17.853513

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received an unusual architectural shape, built on a rectangular floor plan with a cut corner. It contributed to the triangular shape of the entrance hall.

The single-floor villa, with a porch in front of it, featuring pseudo-Tuscan columns supporting the terrace, was built in the style of Historism, inspired

by Italian Renaissance and Classicism. These days, the palatial villa has maintained its original structure with details changed during remodeling, adjusting it to the needs of the new owner.

The scenic park surrounding the villa was established in the same period as the building.

Its design has been slightly blurred in the thicket of self-seeding plants and fast growing shrubs.

However, the park, with interesting groups of trees consisting of such species as European white elm, common maple, European ash, small-leaved linden and robinia, has a unique charm. There are also two lindens and one oak designated as national natural landmarks. The local secret, whispered only by the leaves, is the location of the trees commemorating the birth of the children of Tytus, who planted (4) lindens for his daughters and (2) oaks for his sons.

In close proximity to the manor there is a statue of the Virgin Mary, which was mounted as a gift for the bride by the wife of Józef Malczewski.

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29. Nawra

Toruń County, Chełmża Township

Starting from the early 18th century, the owners of Nawra, the Kruszyńskis and later their relatives, the Sczanieckis had spared no efforts to make sure that the place would become an important center of culture. This way, Nawra received a notable name of the Pomeranian Puławy. After 1746, Antoni Kruszyński started rebuilding the manor house, as well as the local village and farm buildings.

Thanks to a strong economy in the 1750s and 1760s, Nawra became one of the main residences owned by nobility in Chełmno Province.

Nawra owes its present look to Konstanty Kruszyński, who started construction of a new house in 1798. The 17th-century manor house, reconstructed many times, stopped to fulfill its role. Only the cellars were used from the old building. The design was ordered most likely from Warsaw architect Hilary Szpilowski (1753–1827). A brickyard was opened on site for the needs of construction. Until 1803, the estate – in addition to the palace – comprised a spacious two-story building with two

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An interesting titbit Nawra was known for its gradually expanded library, which had about 8,000 books before the outbreak of World War II. In 1947, the remaining book collection was donated to the Nicolaus Copernicus University Library in Toruń.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Visit: the abandoned building remains in the possession of the inheritors of the prewar owners.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 551. It has a railway station and bus service.  GPS: 53.193500, 18.502758

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detached annexes standing on sides. Its interiors were decorated with murals, heated with furnaces and fireplaces, completed with furniture and family memorabilia. The most distinctive feature of the Classicist palace is a monumental, recessed portico with two pilasters and the Ionic columns in the giant order, supporting simplified entablature and a triangular pediment.

The park, established in the early 19th century, was enlarged one hundred years later at the request of Bogusław and Michał Sczaniecki. Among the old trees, we can find a northern red oak, planted by Jan and Irena Sczaniecki on the 25th anniversary of their marriage in 1936.

30. Nowe Jankowice

Grudziądz County, Łasin Township

The village was mentioned as early as 1366 in the privilege of Winrich von Kniprode, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. During the 16th century it was in the hands of the Kostka family of the coat of arms of Dąbrowa, and around 1589 it was owned by Samuel Łaski of the coat of arms of Korab. In 1774, the leaseholder of Nowe Jankowice was Franciszek von Rosenberg Gruszczyński, who received the property from Frederick II the Great, King of Prussia. Nowe Jankowice was separated from the Szynwałd estate in 1828. In 1839, the property was purchased by Franciszek Koerber, who started construction of the palace in 1848–1850.

The village remained in the possession of the family until 1945. In fall 1939, the palace was turned to the seat of Selbstschutz (paramilitary organization of the German minority). After World War, Nowe

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Jankowice was taken over by the State Treasury of Poland, and the palace became the seat of the State Farm. In 1952, a state-run enterprise was founded on the estate. It was “The Nowe Jankowice Horse Stable,” which has been operating as the Nowe Jankowice Horse Stable of the State Treasury since 1994.

The palace surrounded by a park can be accessed through the gate with a wicket, decorated with crenellation. The palace is a two-story building. It has an impressive front façade, accented with a high tower from the northeast. The fronton with a small risalit has a porch with columns, which features a glazed verandah. The façade facing the park also features a risalit, with the lower part by the gate and a two-story porch at the main building. From the northwest side there is a two-story wing, with octagonal turrets mounted in corners.

The palace was covered with gable and pent roofs.

An unknown architect of the palace combined various styles – Neogothic, Neo-Renaissance and Neoclassicism.

The original arrangement of rooms, staircase, partial wood door joinery and stucco decoration have remained in the interior.

NOWE JANKOWICE

The local scenic park dates from the middle of the 19th century. It occupies a larger area from the west, and a big pond from the south. Old trees, primarily deciduous, still grow in the park. A much bigger group comprises centuries-old oaks, more

than seventy of which outline part of the alley designated as a national natural landmark heading to the family cemetery. Other tree species growing in the park include beech, maple, linden and elm, as well fewer coniferous trees.

Krzysztof Bartowski

 Visit: the place can be visited only by prior arrangement by phone with the Nowe Jankowice Horse Stable.  Access: the village is located on the main road no. 16.  GPS: 53.548359, 19.145688

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31. Orłowo

Inowrocław County, Inowrocław Township

The village has a deep-rooted history. In the past it was the property of the Teutonic Knights and since the 15th century a crown land. In the centuries that followed it changed hands several times.

In 1862, Carl Ludwig Gottschling, a farmer purchased the property for 200,000 marks. His heir, Carl Arthur Bruno, took on significant debt (which probably led him to suicide), and in 1890 Orłowo was taken over by the “Kujawy” Sugar Factory in Janikowo. In the late 19th century, there was a dominium, which also encompassed the Kłopot farm, brickyard and dairy. In 1903, the estate of Orłowo was purchased by Friedrich von Beyme, who despite his name continued to keep Polish traditions. In 1941, the property was inherited by his son Fritz Jürgen, who administered it until the end of the war.

After the war, the property became part of the State Treasury of Poland, housing an orphanage, among other things. In the late 20th century, the entire estate became a private property. The manor went through comprehensive remodeling in 2012–2014.

The distinctive manor house, featuring yellow brick veneer coming from the local brickyard, which

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An interesting titbit In front of the main entrance, there is a part of an old, brick floor with recesses caused by wheels of carriages entering the driveway.

Piotr Winter

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2033 (Cierpice – Inowrocław), east of the main road no. 15 and west of the main road no. 25. Bus stop.  GPS: 52.837566, 18.273911

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reminds a suburban villa, uses Neo-Renaissance and Neogothic details. It was built in 1886 on the initiative of the Gottschling family. The building is basically a single-story structure, covered with a hip roof and an attic, featuring numerous bay windows and risalits on every façade. Low turrets are mounted in the corners, used as a method of Gothicizing. From the west, there is the main entrance in the form of a risalit featuring a Renaissance-style portico supporting the terrace and habitable attic.

The rooms are situated around the two-story central hall, with balconies under the hall and a stained glass skylight on the roof. The original barrel vaults are seen in cellars. The manor complex also consists of the administrator’s house, laboratory and a sixflat servants’ quarters.

South of the manor, there is a vast scenic park occupying 2.66 hectares, dating from the 20th century. Its old fence has been partially preserved. The entrance road that ends with a driveway leads from the gate to the manor. Our attention is focused on such tree species as common oak, European white elm, small-leaved linden, and European ash. Other components that provide a unique atmosphere to the park include the walking alley and a Neoclassicist open gloriette, serving as a “temple of contemplation.”

32. Ostromecko

Bydgoszcz County, Dąbrowa Chełmińska Township The history of the families with ties to Ostromecko could have been material for a movie, combining action, adventure and romantic plots.

There are two palaces surrounded by greenery.

The so-called Old Palace, situated on a hill with a view of the Vistula River, was in the possession of the Mostowski family in the middle of the 18th century. Its “lightness” and small size make it similar to stately French residences from the Baroque and Rococo periods. The last owner of the estate before the partitions of Poland was Paweł Mostowski (1721–1781), starosta of Bydgoszcz and Bar confederate. When he found out about the annexation of Poland, he remained in Paris and his properties, including Ostromecko, were confiscated by the Prussian authorities.

In 1804, the estate was purchased by a merchant aspiring to be a member of the gentry, Jakob Martin Schoenborn. His wealth was growing. He started construction of the Classicist New Palace, which was continued by his son Gottlieb. The only daughter of Gottlieb, Marta, heiress to a fortune built by her father, which consisted of two brickyards, sawmill, distillery and the mineral water production plant called “Źródło Marii” (named after her mother), was a great match, which in combination with the family aspirations led to her marriage with count Albrecht von Alvensleben (1840–1928) in 1873. The history of subsequent generations of this family included trips to Argentina and horse breeding (by Joachim Alvensleben and Katarzyna nee Bniński), hunting events and banquets organized during the period of the Second Republic of Poland, which attracted Polish elites, wartime episodes of the sons of Joachim

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and Katarzyna – Albrecht and Ludolf. The first one was a Nazi, who sent his own father to the Dachau concentration camp in 1939 and the second one was fighting in General Władysław Anders’ Army.

The stately New Palace was built in stages, starting from 1832. It is possible that the initial designs were prepared by Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781–1841), an outstanding Berlin architect, and the later ones, made in the late 1840s, by his student – Eduard Titz (1819–1890). The Prussian architects proposed an elegant, residential variety of the Classicism, which was very fashionable in that period.

Their love for antiquity is seen in murals, details and allegorical garden sculptures. Reconstruction of the palace in the beginning of the 20th century involved building of an impressive terrace facing the garden, which offers a great view of this place.

The park consists of two areas, one in the Italian style, which in its times of glory was known for a rosarium, and one in the English style, modeled after designs of the Prussian court gardener Peter Lenné. Lawns, groups of trees, ponds and winding alleys, outlined since the 1840s, transition smoothly into forest scenery.

OSTROMECKO

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Visit: the houses are open to the public.

The Ostromecko Palace is an institution of the Municipal Culture Center in Bydgoszcz.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 561, in close proximity of the main road no. 80. PKS bus stop.  Address: ul. Bydgoska 9, 86-070 Ostromecko  GPS: 53.145664, 18.208272

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33. Rulewo

Ĺšwiecie County, Warlubie Township

This lordly residence, blended in the rolling landscape of Kociewie, was built at the request of Gustaw Theodor Maercker on the site of the manor house of the Pawłowski family, which administered the area since the 18th century. The new owner bought Rulewo in 1829 and started working on the place eagerly. His enthusiasm made his son Hans (a great historian) feel enthusiastic too. In this way, starting from the 1860s, the estate was adding a new palace, sawmill, forge, distillery and power plant, since the Maercker family was not afraid of the new developments of the Industrial Revolution. Their achievements in the field of economic development of Prussia have been appreciated by German Emperor Wilhelm II, granting to the Maercker family the title of nobility in 1902. Their coat of arms has been decorating the fronton of the palace to this day. Emil Juliusz von Maercker, a certified forester, not only maintained the park during the interwar period, but also modernized the palace interiors.

In 1945, the last descendant of the family, Rudolf Juliusz, left the estate for good. It marked the end of the time of good administrators in Rulewo. Luckily, fortune smiled on the Rulewo Palace. These days we can admire this place once again. After many years of neglect, the palace was turned into a hotel, and the park encourages to walking and relaxing.

A light, Neoclassicist, two-story structure looks impressive in the surrounding of green area. The symmetry and harmony of the main building is accented with columns and a terrace, which offers a magnificent view of the surrounding area and the tympanum with the cartouche. There is an atrium pavilion connecting the palace with the extreme wing in the form of a bulky tower. From the direction

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of the façade facing the garden, there are stairs that head to the park, through the winter garden and terrace. Its origins date back most likely to the Romantic garden that used to surround the manor house of the Pawłowski family. The new owners planted new trees and dug out three new ponds, connected by canals, over which light wooden bridges were built. The park is proud of such trees as Argentinian plane tree, European beech and Canadian hemlock. In the area, where the park transitions into a forest, there are remains of a cemetery, in which members of the von Maercker family were buried.

An interesting titbit A young boy was running on the Rulewo park alleys during the 1960s. This little native of Rulewo was our future champion and pride of Poland – Bronisław Malinowski (1951–1981), who won a silver medal during the 1976 Olympic Games held in Montreal, and a gold medal in a 3000 meters steeplechase during the 1980 Olympic Games held in Moscow.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 391, in close proximity of the A1 highway. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.551731, 18.602085

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34. Runowo Krajeńskie Sępólno Krajeńskie County, Więcbork Township

Starting from the 14th century, the village was a knight (nobleman’s) property). From the late 15th century until 1617, it remained in the hands of the Orzelski family of the coat of arms of Dryja. One of them, bearing the name of Jan (1551–1617), starosta of Kościan and castellan of Rogoźno, landowner of vast estates in Krajna and Wielkopolska, resided in the beginning in a manor house of Runowo. When it was consumed by fire in 1589, Jan Orzelski replaced it with a brick manor, which was completed in 1595. The manor, built most likely in the Renaissance style, was a two-story building with a side wing and a small tower. It survived with no major changes until 1852, when along with the Runowo landed properties it was purchased by Prussian aristocrat Theodor von Bethmann-Hollweg (1821–1886). The new owner decided to expand the old manor, completing the project in 1860.

An impressive palatial residence, designed by the famous Berlin architect Martin Gropius (1824–1880), was used by the von Bethmann-Hollweg family until 1928.

During World War II, the palace was turned into a Luftwaffe uniform warehouse. In 1945, it was set on fire by the Germans who were running away in panic. Therefore, the building has remained to this day in the form of a monumental ruin. Since 1998, the palace along with the surrounding park and old utility buildings (stable, gardener’s

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house in the Tyrolean style, and the Neogothic administration building) has been a private property.

The three-story residence was built in the Neo-Renaissance style with some components in English Gothic Revival. The new project utilized parts of the previous building, including cellars with a barrel vault. In some places, the peripheral walls of the palace have survived all the way to the attic. The interior is empty. The front, southern façade is accented with a shallow risalit, preceded with an arcaded portico, holding the terrace on the second floor. In the northeast corner, we can find a cylindrical clock tower, crowned with four turrets. The elongated, conical roof of the tower

RUNOWO KR AJEŃSKIE

has not survived, just like the stately gable roofs and connected with them stepped cornices. On the northern wall, our attention is focused on the stone foundation plaque of the manor dating from 1595. The foundation plaque of the palace, dating from 1860, is in the Municipal Office of Więcbork.

Around 1860, a vast scenic park in the English style was established around the palace. It consists of many old trees with a common beech designated as a national natural landmark, splendid common oaks, and a European ash. The eastern part of the park combines with the forest surrounding Lake Runowskie.

Lech Łbik

 Visit: the place can be visited from outside, it is a ruin.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 242. No PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.325689, 17.453316

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35. Sielec

Żnin County, Żnin Township In the picturesque region of Pałuki, there is an old estate that was originally in the possession of the Piotrowski family. In a period between the late 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, it built a manor house with modest Classicist features, establishing a vast scenic park around it. It has been better known thanks to its later owners. From the early 1920s to 1939, it was administered by Zofia and Józef Unrug. Rear Admiral Józef Unrug (1884–1973) helped to reestablish Poland’s navy after World War I and defended the Hel Peninsula during the September Campaign in 1939. The estate, thanks to tractors and agricultural equipment, had been growing at a fast pace. The lord of the estate, when he was not called to Warsaw or Gdynia, looked after works carried out in the fields of Sielec. Zofia Unrug, involved in community work of the Włościanek Club in nearby Juncewo, provided assistance to the local orphanage and school for the children of workers of the local farm. Bread cake, a favorite cake of Józef Unrug, was served among other meals during parties organized in the manor.

The manor of Sielec started its “second life” in the beginning of the 21st century, when it became a

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private property. The current owners are involved in renovation of the building, restoring it back to its original shape, remembering the history of this place. The simple structure is covered with a tall, tiled roof, and is accented with a porch supported

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by columns, which was wrapped with dense wild grape vines in the interwar period.

The park surrounding the manor, with an area separated for a family cemetery, due to its unique natural assets (20 national natural landmarks), is the most valuable example of garden art in the region of Pałuki.

An interesting titbit The memory about Józef Unrug and history of the estate in Sielec is promoted by Katarzyna Rodziewicz, custodian of the Manor of Dreams.

She established the Remembrance Chamber of the Admiral, which collects memorabilia dedicated to Józef Unrug. The National Memorial Competition of Admiral Józef Unrug is organized every year.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located at the crossing of the county roads no. 2306C (Piotrkowice – Słębowo) and 2303C (Sielec – Juncewo), in close proximity to the regional road no. 251.

PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.858889, 17.557174

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36. Skłudzewo

Toruń County, Zławieś Wielka Township

The first information about Skłudzewo comes from the beginning of the 15th century. In 1423– 1424 the village was a knight’s property. It was sold to Toruń in 1594. It remained in the possession of the city until 1620. Seven years later, it was purchased by Michał Dorpowski. The estate was still in the hands of his inheritors in the 18th century. In a later period, the village was owned by the Browiński, Chrząstowski and Kalkstein families. In 1792, Heinrich von Kleist became the owner of Skłudzewo.

In the beginning of the 19th century, he sold the property to August Wolff. Skłudzewo remained in the hands of his family until 1855. Within the next eight years the estate had passed into the hands of four owners. Finally, in 1863, Skłudzewo was sold to August Brauer of Bremen. During that time, there was a manor house, which was built probably by the Dorpowski family. It was demolished most likely after the property takeover by the new owner.

Brauer settled down in Skłudzewo and got involved in running of the manor farm, where he was involved in breeding sheep from Great Britain.

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The present manor house was built most likely shortly after 1863. It is situated on a small hill. It is a framed structure built from brick with the brick faรงade. The manor was built on a rectangular floor plan. The front part of the manor is on the northern side. A type of dry moat with bridges was constructed in front of the building. A double, rectangular risalit is the dominating feature of the faรงade. A terrace with a balustrade decorated with ceramic details is seen in the upper part of the risalit, with the entrance. They create a frieze, which features a four-leaf clover motif and vesica piscis motif. Lattice bricks with a four-leaf pattern are also seen in the panel above the balcony windows. The risalit was covered with a steep gable roof. Two small turrets are seen on both sides. The southern faรงade of the manor house has a similar design. They differ only in a different, five-sided shape of the risalit

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Krystian Strauss

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located at the corner of the county roads no. 1544C (Dąbrowa Chełmińska – Skłudzewo) and 2002C (Gierkowo – Rzęczkowo), west of the regional road no. 546 and north of the main road no. 80. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.127603, 18.333907

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and lack of dry moat in front of the façade. Inside the manor, we recommend a visit to the chapel and the southwest salon, where we will find a plafond featuring beautiful stucco with plant motifs. The building looks like a suburban residence, blending in the style of Historism. Its décor uses components inspired by Neogothic.

The manor is surrounded with a vast park.

It was established most likely by August Brauer.

The most popular tree species growing in the park include hornbeam, maple and oak. There are fewer coniferous trees. The oldest tree is the Oak of the Countess. It was planted more than 400 years ago.

The eastern part of the park is occupied by an old Evangelical cemetery and a fortified medieval settlement.

In the beginning of the 20th century, the manor of Skłudzewo was turned into a school. These days it serves as the seat of the Foundation of the More Beautiful World.

37. Sypniewo

Sępólno Krajeńskie County, Więcbork Township Sypniewo appeared as a knight (nobleman’s) village during the Middle Ages. Over centuries, the estate had passed into the hands of many owners, including the Götzendorf-Grabowski family in 1711–1824. In the beginning of the 19th century, the Grabowskis built a brick manor house, which replaced the earlier manor built from wood. In 1824,

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the Sypniewo estate was purchased by the Central Royal Bank in Berlin, which six years later sold it to Heinrich Albert Wilckens and Franz Nagel.

In 1835, only Nagel remained in Sypniewo, but in 1849, the local estate was bought back from him by his former partner’s widow, Sophia Dorothea Wilckens. Five years later, she sold Sypniewo to her son Leberecht. It can be assumed that he replaced the manor with the present palace, designed by the outstanding Berlin architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781–1841) in 1835. The palace was already standing when in 1863 Wilckens sold the village to Hermann Edwin Nehring from nearby Suchorączek.

Despite this, by a twist of fate and love, a dozen or so

SYPNIEWO

years later, the son of Leberecht, Fritz (1861–1913), acquired Sypniewo through marriage with Nehring’s daughter. The Wilckenses remained in the palace until 1945. Since 2002, the building has been a private property, serving as a hotel.

The late-Classicist, sophisticated and stylish palace is a two-story building with a habitable attic.

The northern and southern façades are embellished with risalits topped with triangular pediments, preceded with two-story porticos supporting the second floor terraces. The eastern façade is adjacent to an old palm house, whereas the southeast corner features a lofty lookout tower. Its interior design received Neo-Baroque attire (our attention is focused on a richly decorated stove and elaborate wooden carved stairs).

The palace is surrounded with a 9-hectare landscape park in the English style, with a pond, an island, canals, the tombstone of the Wilckens family, a stone sundial dating from 1820 and an ice cellar in the shape of a kurgan. Tree species growing in the park include linden, maple, chestnut, common oak,

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spruce, yew, fir, and larch. What’s interesting, Fritz Wilckens was a talented amateur archeologist and mason, which can be confirmed by the masonic symbols on the tower. He also had a black chamber in the palace, and his alleged omniscience and power became a legend. The staircase is decorated with a huge painting of Fritz Wihngraf, depicting the 17th-century owner of Sypniewo, Andrzej Witosławski and sister Zofia, prioress of the Benedictine convent in Bysławek, Pomerania.

Lech Łbik

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 189. PKS bus stop.  Address: ul. 29 Stycznia 45, 89-422 Sypniewo  GPS: 53.367199, 17.328379

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38. Szafarnia

Golub-Dobrzyń County, Radomin Township The building, which we can now find in Szafarnia, dates from the beginning of the 20th century, but history of this place dates back deeply into the past, cherishing the memory about the Dziewanowskis – heroes from the Battle of Somosierra and the November Uprising, but first of all recalling serene vacations of young Frederick Chopin who used to stay in this place.

The Szafarnia manor was separated from the Płonne estate in the late 18th century. As a result of divisions of the testamentary trust, it was inherited

by Jan Dziewanowski in 1792. About two decades later, in 1815, his son Juliusz became the new administrator of this place. The then manor house was most likely built from wood on a stone foundation.

The son of Juliusz, Dominik Dziewanowski, attended the Warsaw High School, where he became friends with the future piano genius. In July 1824, he invited Frederick to spend vacation in his family residence in Szafarnia. Chopin’s parents were very grateful to Mr. and Mrs. Dziewanowski for their invitation, since they believed that his son’s fragile health would be improved thanks to fresh air and healthy food. They told him to follow the diet prescribed by Warsaw physicians. During his stay in Szafarnia, Frederick had to drink six or seven cups of acorn coffee, take his pills and eat gruel. He was also going on short sightseeing trips from Szafarnia. One of the places he visited was Dobrzyń. He also was able to listen to folk music in the area, which was an invaluable lesson. Frederick Chopin was using it throughout his career as a composer. Chopin also spent his summer in 1825 in the hospitable manor of Szafarnia. During these vacations, he visited Toruń, where he admired the beauty of Gothic churches and apparently tried the Toruń gingerbread.

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Around 1867, Szafarnia was passed into the hands of the Karwat family. In that time, using the foundation of the old manor house, a new manor was built. It was reconstructed as a Neoclassicist palace around 1909 by the Feige family. It is surrounded with a scenic park dating from the first half of the 19th century, featuring a charming pond with reflections of hornbeam and maple trees.

On September 25, 1949, which marked the centennial of the death of Frederick Chopin, a memorial chamber dedicated to the great composer was opened in the palace.

SZAFARNIA

Agnieszka Wysocka

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 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2118C (Szafarnia – Rypin), in close proximity of the regional road no. 534. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.111943, 19.146294

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39. Trzebcz Szlachecki

Chełmno County, Kijewo Królewskie Township

The history of the village dates back to the first quarter of the 13th century. Trzebcz was one of the estates granted to Bishop Christian by Prince Konrad I of Masovia. In the end of that century, as a hereditary knight’s estate, it served as the Trzebski family nest. In 1570, it was still a nobleman’s property and was in the hands of the Trzebski family most likely until the second quarter of the 18th century. Later, the estate had several different owners. In 1739, it was in the possession of Stanisław Sampławski, who probably built a new manor house. In the end of the 18th century, the property that was falling into ruin was owned

by Ferdynand Płachecki. The situation changed for 134 years, when the estate was administered by the Slaski family. Mateusz Slaski arrived to the Chełmno land from Volhynia in 1805. He purchased the property and moved in to Trzebcz the following year

with his wife Helena, the daughter of the heir of Nawra. The Slaski family not only improved the condition of the estate, but it also produced four generations of social, economic and political activists (four Members of Parliament). They also became benefactors of the local parish to protect it against the plans of the authorities who annexed our country. In 1947, the Slaski Manor was turned into a school, which cherishes the memory about the family that rendered great service to the Chełmno land.

The manor traditions of Trzebcz date back to the Middle Ages. The estate comprising a manor house, park and farm started to develop in the first half of the 18th century, taking a shape in the beginning of the century that followed. The existing Slaski Manor was built on the foundation of an earlier building dating from the 18th century, which is reminded by the cellars with a barrel vault. It was built most likely in the middle of the 19th century by Mateusz, and reconstructed by his son Ludwik. It was expanded by the southern annex probably in the late 19th century. Many years later, in 1971, the manor structure was slightly redesigned, when its attic was raised and the gable was changed. The original, late-Classicist manor was a single-story building with a dormer over the main entrance. These days, it is covered with a half hipped roof, and its second floor is in the form of a half story.

The entrance hall features stairs that were built on the initiative of Maria, the wife of Ludwik, who brought from Italy the design of mahogany stairs finished

TRZEBCZ SZLACHECKI

with a lion’s paw. They were made by a carpenter named Górecki from Chełmża.

The origins of the park date back to the first half of the 19 th century. An impressive scenic park, abounding in old trees (including 38 national natural landmarks), features native tree species, mainly common oak and acclimatized species, such as Japanese larch, black pine, white mulberry, and maple-leaved plane tree.

The Slaski Manor hosted many famous people, including Henryk Sienkiewicz who was a guest in the house in 1899.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Visit: the place can be visited from outside.  Access: the village is located on the local road, west of the main road no. 91. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.222605, 18.471751

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40. Turzno

Toruń County, Łysomice Township The origins of the village date back to the Middle Ages. It was in the possession of the Zboiński family in the 18th century. In 1789, it was passed into the hands of the Jeżewski family through marriage, and two years later to the Działowski family of the coat of arms of Prawdzic. After 1838, members of that family built the present palace, which was designed in the same year by Warsaw architect Enrico Marconi (1792–1863). In 1861, the then owner Łucja Działowska married Józef Gajewski of the coat of arms of Ostoja, as a result of which the Gajewskis resided in Turzno until World War II. In the second half of the 19th century, they reconstructed the palace, which might have been designed by Poznań architect Stanisław Hebanowski (1820–1898). In 1913, they added a side wing, connecting it with the palace by a roofed gallery. After the war, the residence was nationalized and turned into a school. Starting from 2006, the owner of the palace has been a private investor, who carried out thorough remodeling of the building, converting it to a luxury hotel.

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The palace, built in the Romantic style, can be accessed through the gate with sculptures of oxen (“ox” means “tur” in Polish), which gave the name to the village of Turzno. The single story building has four risalits, two central from the northern front and garden, and two side ones, from the east and the west. The side risalits are adjacent to the single-floor pavilions, the western of which ends with a recessed colonnade. The front risalit has the central risalit that features a semicircular gable with an attic. A terrace, supported on pillars, which serves as a roofed structure covering a driveway, is seen in front of it. Architectural décor of the palace consists of pilasters, bossage, triangular gables with volutes and pinnacles. The later side wing, connected with the palace by a quarter-circle gallery, is a stately two-story Neoclassicist building with a portico in the giant order.

The palace is surrounded by an English-style landscape park (one of the biggest in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship), occupying more than 18 hectares, established in the same time as the palace. Its diverse tree stand consists of such species as plane tree, linden, maple, ash, and oak with the Działowski Oak designated as a national natural landmark. There are also many exotic trees and shrubs. The park is beautified with two ponds, a Neogothic summer house and so-called romantic ruin, built along with the palace in the style of a little Gothic castle with a cylindrical tower. In August 1825 and again in July 1827, the young Frederick Chopin stayed for a few days in the old manor of Turzno.

Lech Łbik

 Visit: the house is open to the public  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 646. Railway station and PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.107390, 18.726142

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41. Ugoszcz

Rypin County, Brzuze Township

Ugoszcz, mentioned as early as the 15th century, was related to the Ugoski family, and since the 17th century it was owned by the Zielińskis. In 1796, it was purchased by Ludwik Borzewski and remained in the hands of his successors until 1939. The estate in Ugoszcz, situated picturesquely on a tall, northern shore of the lake bearing the same name, was a stately landowner’s residence. The manor was the center of local life. The old building served as the hiding place of Archbishop Konstanty Zieliński, prosecuted by the Russian army for his coronation of Stanisław Leszczyński in Warsaw in 1705. The magnificent Rococo gate dating from the middle of the 18th century remembers the manor of Ludwik Borzewski, in which Frederick Chopin used to give concerts. It was a partially brick structure, with a living room, seven bedrooms and three dressing rooms. In 1857, Ugoszcz was taken over by Zdzisław (1833–1884), the grandson of Ludwik, who built an impressive palace on the old foundation, befitting his family’s social status. His son Antoni, born at home in the estate in 1868, educated in the Riga Polytechnic, was known for running the best organized farm in Rypin County. He died on August 16, 1920 in the palace tower, defending the Ugoszcz property

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during the Polish-Soviet War against the Red Army, supported by peasants from Ugoszcz.

The residence, dating from 1865–1871, combining several stages of construction, has a complex structure with a five-sided orangery from the east, an addition with a risalit and an octagonal tower from the west. The façade is accented with a stately portico featuring composite columns and pillars supporting the terrace on the floor. The entrance is flanked with columns lifting entablature and prominent archivolt, and a vault with coffering, which arcade blends in the triangular pediment.

The entire décor is in the Neoclassicist style with details inspired by Renaissance, including relief tondos with allegorical motifs referring to agriculture, livestock breeding and trade developing in Ugoszcz, and the griffin motif seen in panels under the windows.

The palace is surrounded with a vast scenic park, established in the middle of the 19th century, redesigned in 1904 by Stefan Celichowski, a well-known Warsaw garden designer, who added a circular driveway, closing the alley heading to the residence.

An interesting titbit The farm roads in Ugoszcz were lined with fruit trees starting from the 1880s.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Visit: the place can be visited only by prior arrangement by phone with the “Kombatant” Nursing Home.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 656. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.039871, 19.228026

42. Wieniec

Mogilno County, Mogilno Township

The old nobleman’s estate in Wieniec belonged to the Wieniecki family since the late 16th century to 1772. Later, it was administered by Jan Korytowski and Karol Dziembowski. In 1827, the property was purchased by Baron Konstanty von Seydlitz-Kurzbach from the family line that settled down in Poznań Province. His son, Konstanty Teodor (born in 1832), met in Berlin Maria (Marianna) Joanna Święcicka (born in 1853) from Bydgoszcz, whom he married in 1878. Teodor’s estates included Chwałowo, Padniewko and Wieniec, serving as his main seat. They remained in the hands of the von Seydlitz-Kurzbach family until 1926. When Maria became a widow and remained in Wieniec alone with her daughters Elżbieta and Melania, the property ineptly administered by her fell into disrepair.

The manor in Wieniec was built in the 1890s on a small hill, probably on the site that was previously occupied by a different building. It owes its shape, not typical of residential architecture, featuring forms inspired by urban villa, to its designer, most likely the brother of Baroness Maria, Józef Święcicki (1859–1913), builder from Bydgoszcz.

The single-story manor with a habitable attic, erected on an irregular floor plan, has a structure founded on a tall base course, divided by risalits and niches. Its symmetrical façade is accented with a semicircular porch with columns, with a symmetrical staircase, above which there is a terrace standing in front of arcade extension. The manor is built in the Historism style, using components that refer to the Neo-Renaissance. Its structure breaks from tradition of country residences and takes the shape of urban villa. The front façade looks very impressive, just like the sides (particularly the

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southern one). On the other hand, the faรงade facing the garden, which was carefully designed in country homes, is very simple, featuring only three windows.

East of the manor, there is a landscape park, which was most likely established in the same time as the manor. It was reduced, but it still represents a valuable group of tall trees surrounded by local farm fields. The most popular old trees growing in the park include common maple, European ash and small-leaved linden.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

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 Visit: the place can be visited only by prior arrangement by phone with the owner.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2408C (Niestronno – Mogilno), north of the main road no. 15 and west of the regional road no. 254. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.686742, 17.868480

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43. Wieniec

Włocławek County, Brześć Kujawski Township There are two palaces, surrounded by a green park, in Wieniec. The older one was built in the beginning of the 19th century, serving as the seat of the Miączyński family. Stanisław Miączyński, an aide-de-camp of Prince Józef Poniatowski, and his son Mieczysław fought as freedom fighters in national uprisings, for which they were punished by the Tsarist authorities with confiscation of their property. In 1869, the estate was purchased by Leopold Kronenberg (1812–1878), the owner of nearby Brzezie (see no. 4). The new owner erected his residence next to the Miączyński palace. He was known as a good administrator of the estate. In the 1870s he built a road to connect Wieniec with Brzezie, constructed a bridge over the Zgłowiączka River, and donated land for the local school. His sons, Stanisław and Leopold Julian, provided financing for construction of a church in Wieniec, which was designed by Artur Goebel. In 1909, searching for salt and brown coal, the Kronenbergs discovered sulfur springs water, which originated the Wieniec-Zdrój health resort. The Neogothic residence of the Miączyński family reminds a medieval castle, accented with the rhythm of sharp arches of window and door openings. Its tower features a bas-relief medallion, commemorating King Ladislaus I the Elbow-high, a native of this land.

The new palace might have been built in the 19th century on an upscale street in Warsaw. It reminds a city residence rather than a suburban palace. When Brzezie reminds one of the castles of the Loire Valley, then Wieniec that was built in the same period, designed in 1873 just like the palace of Brzezie by Warsaw architect Artur Goebl, looks like an Italian palazzo.

An interesting titbit After discovering the healing properties of water in Wieniec-Zdrój, the Kronenbergs installed two bathtubs – one in the palace for the guests and the second one, on the manor backyard for the locals.

Spring water carried in water carts from the health resort was heated and poured to bathtubs, where people were able to take curative baths on site.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Visit: abandoned buildings, they can be visited only by prior arrangement by phone with the Kujawsko-Pomorski Impresaryjny Theater in Toruń.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 268 and the A1 highway.

PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.649649, 18.924449

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The elegant structure is decorated above the entrance with a partially preserved sculpture showing young girls, holding remains of a pleated wreath and cartouche. The façade facing the park features a softly rounded structure of the winter garden and a terrace with wide stairs inviting to the park. The style of the tower added to the side façade does not match the entire structure. It seems like the designer’s love of French Neo-Renaissance appeared in Wieniec.

Both palaces in Wieniec are surrounded by a park established in 1904. It was designed by gardener and planner Walerian Kronenberg (1858– 1934), who also worked as landscape architect in the park of Brzezie.

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44. Zaduszniki

Lipno County, Wielgie Township Since the 13th century until the 20th century, Zaduszniki was a nobleman’s village (temporarily, in 1262–1358, it was in the possession of the Cistercians of Szpetal and Byszewo). As early as the Middle Ages, there had to be the first lord’s residence, followed by subsequent buildings, which served as homes of several knight and nobleman’s families. In 1827–1858, it was the property of

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Franciszek Zdrojewski, in 1858–1876 – Hipolit Dunin-Wąsowicz of the coat of arms of Łabędź. It is assumed that Dunin-Wąsowicz constructed the present manor house, although the designer of this building and the exact date of its construction are not known. It is possible that it was designed by Enrico Marconi (1792–1863), who designed the Neoclassicist parish church in Zaduszniki, built in 1873–1875 undoubtedly with financial support from the village owner. When he commissioned the outstanding architect with drawings for the church, he also might have ordered the design for the manor. Whatever the case may be, after the death of Hipolit, the village was inherited by his son, Tomasz

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Dunin-Wąsowicz (died in 1919). Later, Zaduszniki was taken over by his daughters who in 1921 sold it to Gustaw Woyniłłowicz, who administered the village until the outbreak of World War II. After 1945, it was seized by the state, which turned the manor into an elementary school, functioning to this day.

The Neoclassicist manor house with Neo-Baroque dormers is a very impressive building. It was built on a rectangular floor plan, with side risalits seen on the front façade and the central risalit on the back façade. The side risalits are two-story structures, whereas the central risalit is a single-story building. The slightly protruding central axis of the middle part is occupied by a recessed portico with two Tuscan columns and Tuscan pilasters in corners. The columns and pilasters support a simplified entablature, which is extended on all façades of the building. The portico can be accessed by stairs. Above it, there is a stepped dormer, topped with a fleuron and vases (the same one is seen on the back façade).

The scenic park was established most likely along with the manor of Hipolit Dunin-Wąsowicz.

The most popular species growing in the park include deciduous trees, mainly common hornbeam, European ash and horse-chestnut. A creek called Święty Strumień (the Holy Stream) runs through the park.

Lech Łbik

 Visit: the place can be visited from outside only by prior arrangement by phone with the Nicolaus Copernicus Primary School in Zaduszniki.  Access: the village is located on the county road no. 2737C (Cyprianka – Wielgie), east of the main road no. 67. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 52.717335, 19.195224

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45. Zalesie

Nakło County, Szubin Township In the third quarter of the 19 th century, the estate was passed from the Polish owners into the hands of the Germans as a result of compulsory auction. A very impressive palace in Zalesie was built on the initiative of the then owner of the property Carl Kiehn junior in 1875. In 1837, the estate was purchased by his father, also Carl, but it had its heyday during the times of its inheritors. During that time, it occupied more than 1,067 hectares. The owner’s entrepreneurial skills can be confirmed not only by an impressive palace surrounded by a park, but also a significant farm development. The last owner of the estate was the daughter of Carl junior, Friede von Rost, who left Zalesie along with her husband in 1945. Shortly after that, the Zalesie estate was nationalized, utilized initially by the school, and later by the State Farm. The palace, in addition to offices, housed apartments for workers.

These days, the palace in in the hands of private owners. They performed thorough remodeling of the palace, restoring it to its former glory.

The palace was erected in the Historism style with Classical reminiscences, popular in the last decades of the 19 th century. It is an expanded, two-story building covered with a gable roof, consisting of the main building and a wing added to it.

Its architectural beauty is accented from the front by an impressive portico, moved from the axis of the building. It is held by two Ionic columns and two supports lifting a cornice resting on a corbel.

Above them, there is a lookout terrace closed with an openwork balustrade, featuring vases made from sandstone. The façade is embellished with numerous architectural divisions and impressive details, including Doric and Corinthian capitals for pilasters. The façade facing the garden reveals a

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three-sided annex with a glazed verandah, open with three openwork arches with foliate ornaments. The interior design has been preserved to a large extent, featuring an elegant ballroom on the ground floor, wide hallways and corridors. There is a magnificent spiral staircase made from stone with a wroughtiron, openwork balustrade with floral motifs. Some rooms feature wood ceilings and stucco. In addition, a Neoclassicist tiled stove with an obelisk-shaped crown has remained from the old interior.

The park surrounded with a wall, occupying nearly 9 hectares, was established in the same time as the palace, which was built over an earlier, 18th-century building in the Italian style. It features the old layout, which has been preserved, with a round flower bed from the front, a stone fountain and several trees designated as national natural landmarks (Austrian oak, Canadian larches, Douglas firs, Canadian hemlock, Worley sycamore, lindens, and a yew tree). The tree stand of the park numbers about 600 old trees, including 28 specimens registered as national natural landmarks.

Piotr Winter

 Visit: private property. It is open only to organized groups after reservation.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 247. PKS bus stop.  Address: Zalesie, ul. Szubińska 1, 89-200 Szubin  GPS: 52.991101, 17.597383

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46. Zamarte

Sępólno Krajeńskie County, Kamień Krajeński Township

Starting from 1354, Zamarte had been a knight (nobleman’s) property. In the 16 th century the village was owned by Adam Trebnic of the coat of arms of Poraj, who in the end of that century sold it to Bartłomiej Radzicki. Since 1616, the village was in the possession of the Żaliński family, followed by the Garczyńskis and Wierzbowskis. From the late 17th century to 1720 it was the property of the Potulicki family, and later Michał Grabowski of the coat of arms of Zbiświcz. Between the end of the 18th century and 1817, Zamarte belonged to the Osten-Sacken family, and since 1836 to the Lewald-Jezierski family. In 1883, the estate was sold to Franz Louis Parpart. His son, Herbert von Parpart, built the present palace on the site of the previous residence in 1890. After a fire in the beginning of the 20th century, the Parpart residence was rebuilt in its present shape. After World War II, the palace with park was taken over by the State Treasury of Poland. In 1954, the palace was converted to offices of the Zamarte State Farm, and in 1968 it housed the Seed Potato Training Center.

The Neo-Baroque palace with Classicist details is situated on a small hill. This two-story building was constructed on a rectangular floor plan. It is covered with a mansard roof with dormers. The western front façade and the eastern façade facing the garden feature risalits and are topped with semicircular gables. The main entrance on the front façade has a terrace and stone stairs. There is a circular driveway with a group of trees in front of the palace. The eastern façade faces the lower part of the park with a small pond and canal creating a viewing axis. The façade is preceded by the

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stone stairs with a one-story brick verandah, with a big terrace over it, and above it – a balcony in the mansard part.

The northern façade joins a single-story addition, whereas the southern façade is adjacent to a single-story wing. The façades are rhythmically divided by pilaster strips with bossage. Inside the palace, we will find a spacious, open staircase, a legible initial arrangement of rooms, and the original door joinery. A vast scenic park, dating from the second half of the 19th century, approaches Lake Zamarte from the north. There are many trees growing in the park, featuring two small-leaved lindens registered as national natural landmarks, as well as numerous European white birches, common maples and common oaks.

Krzysztof Bartowski

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 Visit: the place can be visited from outside only by prior arrangement by phone with the Zamarte Potato Growing Enterprise.  Access: the village is located on the main road no. 25. PKS bus stop.  Address: ul. Parkowa 1, 89-430 Kamień Krajeński  GPS: 53.602765, 17.487846

47. Zbójno

Golub-Dobrzyń County, Zbójno Township

The first information about Zbójno dates from 1363. In 1434, the village was in the possession of Jokusz of the coat of arms of Jelita. In the 16th century, it was the property of the related families of Ossowski and Zboiński. It the 17th century, it was taken over by the Zboiński family of the coat of arms of Ogończyk. In the beginning of the 1780s, Zbójno was taken over by Piotr Sumiński of the coat of arms of Leszczyc, who chose this place most likely due to its attractive location. In 1826, Zbójno had a wooden manor house with a tiled roof, and the property was the biggest landed estate in the Dobrzyń Land. The son of Piotr, Antoni Sumiński, who in 1816 worked as Director General of the Police and Post Office of the Kingdom of Poland in

Warsaw, started construction of a new residence in 1850.

The Sumińskis were great patriots. During the outbreak of the January Uprising in 1863, Artur Sumiński formed a unit of freedom fighters in Zbójno, which under his command fought several battles with the Russian troops. On July 3, 1863 he was injured during the Battle of Rozwozin on the Drwęca River. In order to avoid being arrested, he escaped to Prussia and his estate was confiscated and auctioned. In 1867, the property was owned

by Ludwik Jackowski. A year later, the estate was passed into the hands of Stanisław Grabiński.

In 1874–1939, the owner of Zbójno was the Dzierżanowski family of the coat of arms of Grzymała.

In September 1939, the palace was taken over by the Germans, who turned it into a dormitory for Junker youth, and in the end of World War II into a field hospital. The garden terrace was removed during the occupation.

In 1945, after the war, an elementary school was established in the palace.

T he hill, tower ing in the area, situated between two lakes, was a perfect location to build a family residence. The palace was designed by Warsaw architect Enrico Marconi (1792– 1863) as early as 1833. However, Antoni Sumiński started its construction only a dozen or so years later.

In 1854–1857, construction works on the family

ZBร JNO

residence were continued by his son Artur, who also established the local landscape park. The windows of this stately Neoclassicist, two-story palace offer an expansive panoramic view. It has a monumental, varied faรงade. A round flower bed is seen in front of the fronton from the south.

The faรงade is accented by a full attic and two lower wings with triangular gables. From the north, the faรงade facing the park is even more impressive. It has a big triangular gable, which originally had a balcony and a terrace with stairs. The entire structure features lower, semicircular risalits on sides. From the north, at the foot of the palace, there are remains of a 19th-century

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Krzysztof Bartowski

 Visit: the place can be visited from outside.  Access: the village is located at the crossing of the regional roads no. 554 and 556. PKS bus stop.  GPS: 53.005024, 19.150633

ZBÓJNO

landscape garden with varied tree species, including black pine, common oak, European ash and numerous chestnuts, with five national natural landmarks growing among them.

48. Żalno

Tuchola County, Kęsowo Township Since 1341, the village was a knight’s property (later a nobleman’s property). Around 1466, it was taken over by Mikołaj, a knight from Dębnica of Wielkopolska who originated the Żaliński family of the coat of arms of Poraj. A brick manor house was built on the shore of Lake Żalno most likely in 1570– 1580. It was erected by Maciej Żaliński, castellan of Gdańsk and owner of three starostwo administrative units of the crown lands (died in 1602). Perhaps some works on the manor, which might have been related to its fortification, were performed by Samuel, the affluent and influential son of Maciej, who served as Castellan of Elbląg, Governor of Pomerania and Malbork, Treasurer of Prussia, and four-term starosta (died in 1629). Around 1744, Józef Pruszak, Castellan of Gdańsk, founded a chapel in the manor, which was consecrated in 1765. After the death of Samuel, the Żaliński family affluence declined. It had leased the village until 1863. In that time, it was taken over by two German citizens; first by Willich, and later by Köningsmark, one of whom expanded the manor by the northern addition. In 1920, when Poland regained its independence, the Żalińskis got back the remainder of their estate along with the manor. In the beginning of the occupation, the

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Lech Łbik

 Visit: the house is open to the public.  Access: the village is located on the regional road no. 240. Railway station and PKS bus stop  Address: ul. Szkolna 3, 89-506 Żalno  GPS: 53.614328, 17.762661

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Germans forced Janina Żalińska to abandon her property. When she returned to Żalno after the war, she was wrongfully convicted and imprisoned. She regained freedom and property only in 1956. She died in the following year. Since that time, the manor has remained in the hands of the Chrustowski family and operates as an agrotourist farm.

The manor style has its roots in medieval Gothic residential towers and constitutes their Renaissance continuation. However, the building in Żalno, as a result of numerous reconstructions and remodeling projects, lost its original style features. It was built from brick and stone, covered with plaster. It measures about 12 x 8 m; this two-story building has a partial basement and a hipped roof, featuring newer dormers. The basement and two ground floor rooms have barrel vaults, whereas two rooms on the second floor have wood ceilings. In 1967–1970, the 19th-century addition was replaced with a new, also single-story building.

South of the manor, on the lakeshore, there are remains of a park, established most likely in the beginning of the 17th century by Samuel Żaliński.

These days, we can notice traces of geometric divisions, with an old lookout mound, gazebos and national natural landmarks. They include such tree species as two common oaks, four European white elms, European ashes, one horse-chestnut, and a small-leaved linden. There are three charming alleys lined with trees, including linden, hornbeam and beech alleys, which is the youngest of them.

RYSZEWKO

RYSZEWKO

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Internet portals: • http://www.nasze.kujawsko-pomorskie.pl • http://www.nid.pl (Wykaz zabytków nieruchomych wpisanych do rejestru zabytków – województwo kujawsko-pomorskie).

• http://www.polskiezabytki.pl (Katalog polskich zamków, pałaców i dworów) • https://zabytek.pl • www.odznaka.kuj-pom.bydgoszcz.pttk.pl

Destination Kujawsko-Pomorskie