ARCH7052 Architectural Research Thesis Final Thesis
This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without the prior written permission of The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072. Š The University of Queensland This Final Thesis has been prepared by s4351729, 2019. Cover Image: 3D pointcloud file of Cherbourg’s Historical Precinct, Architectural Research Thesis, 2019.
Final Thesis ARCH7052 Architectural Research Thesis Table of Contents List of Figures………….........................…………….........................…………….........................……......................
Page No. II - IV
PART A: Research Topic 1.1. Research topic.................……….........................…………….........................……………............................
1-1
PART B: Methodology 2.1. Methodology………......................................................................................................................................
2.1-1
PART C: Building Significances 3.1. Original buildings................…...................................................................................................................... 3.2. Relocated buildings........................…...........................................................................................................
3.1-1 3.2-1
PART D: Virtual Reconstruction of the Past States of Cherbourg’s Historical Precinct 4.1. Historical timeline ........................................................................................................................................ 4.2. Reconstruction process 4.2.1. Ration shed..........….......................................................................................................................... 4.2.2. Superintendent’s office.................….................................................................................................. 4.2.3. Boys’ dormitory.............…...................................................................................…........................... 4.2.4. Pottery house.............…...................................................................................….............................. 4.2.5. Mothers’ quarters...........…...................................................................................….......................... 4.2.6. Yidding artist studio and gallery........................................................................….............................. 4.2.7. Domestic science building........................................................................…...................................... 4.2.8. Girls’ dormitory........................................................................…........................................................ 4.3. Research findings........................................................................................................................................
4.2.1-1 - 4.2.1-6 4.2.2-1 - 4.2.2-3 4.2.3-1 - 4.2.3-6 4.2.4-1 - 4.2.4-3 4.2.5-1 - 4.2.5-3 4.2.6-1 - 4.2.6-4 4.2.7-1 - 4.2.7-2 4.2.8-1 - 4.2.8-8 4.3-1 - 4.3-5
PART E: Discussion. 5.1. Recommendation......................................................................................................................................... 5.2. Physical model.............................................................................................................................................. 5.3. Visualisation & animation.............................................................................................................................. 5.4 Research challenges.....................................................................................................................................
5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1
PART F: Conclusion. 6.1. Conclusion.........................................................…...............…...............…...............…...............…............ 6.2. Acknowledgements............................................…...............…...............…...............…...............…............
6-1 6-1
Bibliography.............….................…......................................................................................................................
V - VII
Appendices Appendix A. Point cloud data of Cherbourg’s Historical Precinct..........................................….................... Appendix B. Architectural / construction / measured drawings.........................................................…........ Appendix C. Correspondence files.........................................................…...............…...…......................... Appendix D. Interview feedbacks...........................................…...............…...............…...............…........... Appendix E. Colour sample of the boys’ dormitory..........................…...............…...............…....................
AI - AII BI-I -BV-I CI-I - CII-XIV D-I - D-IV E-I
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
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Final Thesis Report ARCH7052 Architectural Research Thesis Table of Contents (cont.)
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List of Figures Figure I: 3D pointcloud file of Cherbourg’s Historical Precinct......................................................................................... COVER Figure 2.1.1: Overall project workflow for the thesis project............................................................................................ 2.1.1-1 Figure 3.1.1: Administration domain in 1930s - The office, boys’ dormitory, mothers’ quarters, and girls’ dormitory...... 3.1-1 Figure 3.2.1: Cherbourg Aboriginal settlement - original location of the ration shed, CWA’s shed & pottery house........ 3.1-1 Figure 4.1.1: Spatio-temporal representation of Cherbourg’s historical precinct transformation..................................... 4.1-1 Figure 4.2.1.1: Physical attributes of the superintendent’s office at Cherbourg Aboriginal settlement in 1926................ 4.2.1-1 Figure 4.2.1.2: The superintendent’s office was surrounded by white picket fence......................................................... 4.2.1-1 Figure 4.2.1.3: 3D virtual model of the superintendent’s office as it was in 1930s [from south-west].............................. 4.2.1-2 Figure 4.2.1.4: 3D virtual model of the superintendent’s office as it was in 1930s [from south-east]............................... 4.2.1-2 Figure 4.2.1.5: Exterior view of the superintendent’s office from Cherbourg’s hospital in 1960s........................................ 4.2.1-3 Figure 4.2.1.6: 3D virtual model of the superintendents’ office indicates the modifications made throughout 1960s....... 4.2.1-3 Figure 4.2.1.7: The point cloud file of the superintendents’ office indicates the differences in the subfloor plan.............. 4.2.1-4 Figure 4.2.1.8: Front view of the superintendent’s office in 1970s.................................................................................... 4.2.1-4 Figure 4.2.1.9: 3D virtual model of the superintendent’s office indicates the modifications made throughout 1970s....... 4.2.1-4 Figure 4.2.1.10: 3D virtual model of the superintendent’s office indicates the modifications made throughout 2000s..... 4.2.1-5 Figure 4.2.1.11: 3D virtual model of the superintendent’s office indicates the modifications made throughout 2010s..... 4.2.1-5 Figure 4.2.1.12: The windows location of superintendent’s office.................................................................................... 4.2.1-6 Figure 4.2.1.13: Side view of the superintendent’s office................................................................................................. 4.2.1-6 Figure 4.2.1.14: Additional platforms added at each side of the Ration Shed Museum................................................... 4.2.1-6 Figure 4.2.1.15: Front elevation of the superintendent’s office......................................................................................... 4.2.1-6 Figure 4.2.2.1: 3D virtual model of the ration shed indicates the modifications made in 2005.......................................... 4.2.2-1 Figure 4.2.2.2: 3D virtual model of the ration shed indicates the modifications made in 2008......................................... 4.2.2-1 Figure 4.2.2.3: Ration shed is placed next to superintendent’s office............................................................................... 4.2.2-2 Figure 4.2.2.4: Cherbourg centenary celebration at the Ration Shed Museum................................................................ 4.2.2-2 Figure 4.2.2.5: Additional platforms added at each side of the Ration Shed Museum..................................................... 4.2.2-2 Figure 4.2.2.6: The verandah of Ration Shed Museum was removed............................................................................. 4.2.2-2 Figure 4.2.2.7: Ration Shed Museum from back staircase.............................................................................................. 4.2.2-2 Figure 4.2.2.8: Ration Shed Museum from main ramp.................................................................................................... 4.2.2-2 Figure 4.2.2.9: Exterior view of the Ration Shed Museum............................................................................................... 4.2.2-3 Figure 4.2.2.10: 3D virtual model of the Ration Shed Museum and the superintendent’s office as in 2018.................... 4.2.2-3 Figure 4.2.3.1: 3D virtual model of the boys’ dormitory as built in 1928 (from back)........................................................ 4.2.4-1 Figure 4.2.3.2: 3D virtual model of the boys’ dormitory as built in 1928 (from front)........................................................ 4.2.4-1 Figure 4.2.3.3: Large crowd of people gathered behind the boys’ dormitory in 1930s.................................................... 4.2.4-2 Figure 4.2.3.4: Group of Aboriginal boys on the veranda of the boys’ dormitory.............................................................. 4.2.4-2 Figure 4.2.3.5: DOMO boys were gathered behind the boys’ dormitory in 1950s............................................................ 4.2.4-2 Figure 4.2.3.6: 3D virtual model of the boys’ dormitory showcases the closed veranda on building side........................ 4.2.4-3 Figure 4.2.3.7: 3D virtual model of the boys’ dormitory demonstrates the modifications made throughout the 1960s..... 4.2.4-3 Figure 4.2.3.8: View of the boys’ dormitory from Cherbourg’s hospital in the 1960s........................................................ 4.2.4-4 Figure 4.2.3.9: The front view of the boys’ dormitory in 1982.......................................................................................... 4.2.4-4 Figure 4.2.3.10: Rough 3D virtual model of the Beemar Yumba Aboriginal Children’s Hostel........................................ 4.2.4-5 Figure 4.2.3.11: 3D virtual model of the boys’ dormitory demonstrates the modifications made throughout the 2010s.. 4.2.4-5 Figure 4.2.3.12: Drafted floor plan for the Beemar Yumba Aboriginal Children’s hostel.................................................. 4.2.4-6 ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
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Final Thesis Report ARCH7052 Architectural Research Thesis Table of Contents (cont.)
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List of Figures Figure 4.2.3.13: Physical attributes of the Beemar Yumba Aboriginal Children’s hostel.................................................... Figure 4.2.3.14: The boys’ dormitory undergone refurbishment........................................................................................ Figure 4.2.4.1: 3D virtual model of the pottery house indicates the modifications made throughout 2010s...................... Figure 4.2.4.2: Three red gums trees were removed......................................................................................................... Figure 4.2.4.3: The Elders are planning the pottery house................................................................................................ Figure 4.2.4.4: Additional concrete platform and entry added to the pottery house........................................................... Figure 4.2.4.5: 3D virtual model of the pottery house indicates the modifications made throughout 2010s...................... Figure 4.2.5.1: 3D virtual model of the Yidding Artist Studio & Gallery as it was restored in 2012.................................... Figure 4.2.5.2: The CWA shed is placed next to the boys’ dormitory................................................................................. Figure 4.2.5.3: Yidding art gallery & studio in 2012............................................................................................................ Figure 4.2.5.4: Yidding artists painted the art gallery exterior wall.................................................................................... Figure 4.2.5.5: Studio entrance being painted over........................................................................................................... Figure 4.2.5.6: Old hospital shed is relocated next to the artist studio.............................................................................. Figure 4.2.5.7: New awning was added to the Art Studio................................................................................................. Figure 4.2.5.8: 3D virtual model of the Yidding Artist Studio indicates the modifications made throughout 2015............. Figure 4.2.5.9: 3D virtual model of theRation Shed Museumindicates the modifications made throughout 2018............. Figure 4.2.6.1: Mothers’ quarters and the girls’ home were surrounded by 6 foot-high barbed wire fences..................... Figure 4.2.6.2: Two water tanks were located at the back of the mothers’ quarters......................................................... Figure 4.2.6.3: 3D virtual model of the mothers’ quarters as built in 1930s (from south-west)......................................... Figure 4.2.6.4: 3D virtual model of the mothers’ quarters as built in 1930s (from north-east).......................................... Figure 4.2.6.5: 3D virtual model of the mothers’ quaters indicates the modifications made throughout 1960s................ Figure 4.2.6.6: 3D virtual model of the mothers’ quaters indicates the modifications made throughout 1960s................. Figure 4.2.7.1: Exterior view of Cherbourg’s domestic science building in 1941............................................................... Figure 4.2.7.2: 3D virtual model of the domestic science building as built in 1941........................................................... Figure 4.2.7.3: Exterior view of Cherbourg’s domestic science building in 1960s............................................................. Figure 4.2.7.4: 3D virtual model of the domestic science building’s modification throughout 1960s.................................. Figure 4.2.8.1: Perspective view of the girls’ dormitory shows there is only one stairway at each balcony in 1925.......... Figure 4.2.8.2: Perspective view of the girls’ dormitory as it was built in 1925.................................................................. Figure 4.2.8.3: White picket fence was erected around the girls’ dormitory...................................................................... Figure 4.2.8.4: 3D virtual model of the girls’ dormitory surrounded by white picket fence................................................ Figure 4.2.8.5: 3D virtual model of the girls’ dormitory indicates the modifications made throughout 1940s.................... Figure 4.2.8.6: Second floor of the girls’ dormitory............................................................................................................ Figure 4.2.8.7: Woman goal located at the rear of the girls’ dormitory.............................................................................. Figure 4.2.8.8: Six-foot high barbed wire fence erected around girls’ dormitory in late 1930s........................................... Figure 4.2.8.9: Fire escape ladder at girls’ dormitory......................................................................................................... Figure 4.2.8.10: 3D virtual model of the girls’ dormitory indicates the modifications made throughout 1960s................... Figure 4.2.8.11: Ground floor of the girls’ dormitory were surrounded with wire mesh...................................................... Figure 4.2.8.12: View of girls’ dormitory from Cherbourg’s hospital.................................................................................. Figure 4.2.8.13: Additional windows were added at the back of the kitchen recess in late 1960s.................................... Figure 4.2.8.14: 3D virtual model of the girls’ dormitory indicates the modifications made throughout 1990s................... Figure 4.2.8.15: The mesh wire and weatherproof panels at the verandas were removed in late 1980s.......................... Figure 4.2.8.16: Perspective view of the girls’ dormitory in late 1980s.............................................................................. ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
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4.2.4-6 4.2.4-6 4.2.4-1 4.2.4-2 4.2.4-2 4.2.4-3 4.2.4-3 4.2.5-1 4.2.5-2 4.2.5-2 4.2.5-2 4.2.5-2 4.2.5-2 4.2.5-2 4.2.5-3 4.2.5-3 4.2.6-1 4.2.6-1 4.2.6-2 4.2.6-2 4.2.6-3 4.2.6-3 4.2.7-1 4.2.7-1 4.2.7-2 4.2.7-2 4.2.8-1 4.2.8-1 4.2.8-2 4.2.8-2 4.2.8-3 4.2.8-4 4.2.8-4 4.2.8-4 4.2.8-4 4.2.8-5 4.2.8-6 4.2.8-6 4.2.8-6 4.2.8-7 4.2.8-8 4.2.8-8 III
Final Thesis Report ARCH7052 Architectural Research Thesis Table of Contents (cont.)
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List of Figures Figure 4.3.1: Isometric view of Cherbourg’s administration domain in the late 1940s...................................................... Figure 4.3.2: Isometric view of Cherbourg’s administration domain in late 1970s............................................................. Figure 4.3.3: Isometric view of Cherbourg’s administration domain in late 1990s............................................................ Figure 4.3.4: Isometric view of Cherbourg’s administration domain in late 2000s............................................................. Figure 4.3.5: Isometric view of Cherbourg’s administration domain in late 2010s............................................................ Figure 5.1: Study model of Cherbourg’s girls’ dormitory.................................................................................................... Figure 5.2: Snapshot of the virtual walkthrough at Cherbourg’s historical precinct.......................................................... Figure A1: Top view of the 3D scanned files - Cherbourg’s historical precinct................................................................. Figure A2.1: Isometric view (from Barambah. Ave) of Cherbourg’s historical precinct..................................................... Figure A2.2: Isometric view (from Pine. Ave) of Cherbourg’s historical precinct.............................................................. Figure B4.1. Architectural drawings of Cherbourg’s girls’ dormitory................................................................................. Figure B5.1. Measured floor plan of the proposed pottery house.................................................................................... Figure E1.1. Colour sample of the boys’ dormitory exterior wall...................................................................................... Figure E1.2. Section cut of the sample piece...................................................................................................................
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
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4.3.1-1 4.3.2-1 4.3.3-1 4.3.4-1 4.3.5-1 5-1 5-1 A-I A-II A-II BIV-I BV-I E-I E-I
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PART 1: RESEARCH TOPIC
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Cherbourg-Barambah Aboriginal Settlement Cherbourg, original known as Barambah, is a relatively large Aboriginal community in the Southeast Queensland, located approximately 280km from Brisbane (Besley 2013). It was initially founded in 1899 on the traditional land of WakkaWakka tribe by the Salvation Army missionary William J. Thomson (Blake 2001). Not long after that, it was taken over by the Queensland Government, and became one of the first few Aboriginal settlements created under the Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of Sale of Opium Act 1897 (Qld). The settlement was established to forcibly relocate the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian from all many parts of Queensland and New South Wales. The settlement begun with approximately 140 Aboriginal people in 1904, and steadily increased ever since (Guthrie 1976). Development Patterns The settlement was initially divided into two main domains: The Aboriginal domain, where most Aboriginal families lived, and the administration domain, which was operated under the supervision of the superintendent, with the help of several white officials (Blake 2001). Many Elders recalled the early living conditions in the settlement being challenging. The Aboriginal people activities and resources were tightly controlled by the settlement officials. Permits were required to leave the reserve or even to get married. Furthermore, cultural expression was heavily restricted within the settlement. Punishments were given out regularly to those who misbehaved, and the punishments could range from a few days in goal to being relocated to other Aboriginal settlement (Mok 2005, Besley 2013). This resulted Cherbourg to suffer in a continuing loss of their cultural identity, and erosion of their traditional values.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
Research Question Despite the negative experience endured by the community, the settlement’s value as a place with its social and cultural history are remained highly valued by many in the current community and the Aboriginal people with connections to Cherbourg. Both domains had undergone significant changes over the years. However, this research will only be focusing on the administration domain. Currently, the Cherbourg administration domain (also known as Cherbourg historical precinct) encompasses a collection of historical buildings. Some of which are in their original location. These include the superintendent’s office, boys’ dormitory, and the domestic science building. Several historical buildings from the settlement were also relocated to the precinct. These buildings include the old ration shed and Country Women Association’s hall. Given this context, the thesis aims to explore the architecture history of the Cherbourg’s administration domain through digital reconstruction. The project will utilise existing information, archival documents, and other iconographic sources to analyse the transformation of the administration domain. The report will also touch on the potential of virtual reconstruction, and how this technology could be integrated into a museum setting.
PART A: Research Topic |
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PART 2.1: METHODOLOGY
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Methodology The project incorporated various data collecting and 3D modelling techniques, structuring them into a coherent workflow. The project was developed in several stages. It began with gathering all historical information regarding the settlement to further understand the community in the present day. The character of the community was very much shaped by the history of the settlement. The next phase mainly revolved around the extraction of information from the point cloud files provide by Dr. Kelly Greenop, and digitally reconstructed a detailed 3D model of Cherbourg’s historical precinct. The surveyed drawings produced by Dr. Timothy O’Rourke and his team were also used in the process of reconstructing the digital model as the 3D scanned data extracted could only produce ‘fuzzy’ structure. The digital model produced was largely based upon the point cloud data captured in 2018. This model formed the base support for the following stages regarding space-time iconography referencing.
VR WALKTHROUGH
RESEARCH
CHERBOURG’S HERITAGE PRECINCT
The following stage of the project examined the historical significance of buildings at the administration domain as well as the historical buildings that were relocated to the site later on. Literature references, such as Blake’s A Dumping Ground, and Besley’s On the banks of the Barambah along with the correspondence files retrieved from the Queensland State Archives were utilised to examine the changes of the administration domain throughout the years. These resources were then used to extrapolate a timeline of these changes. PART B.1
PART B.2
Other iconography sources, such as historical photographs and video clips were also referred to in order to provide a more comprehensive details on the visual appearance of each building. In addition, these resources also offered geometric data related to the shape of the disappeared buildings, such as the girls’ dormitory and the mothers’ quarter. Nonetheless, the historical photographs could only provide limited information of certain aspect of the buildings. Most photographs are in black and white format. Some images are even presented in significant deterioration. The next stage of the reconstruction process involved the production of digital mock-ups for each administration domain phase. These digital models were presented to the invited guests in the scheduled workshops. A critical revision of the models was later made to produce more accurate digital models. The final phase of the project included the discussion on the potential of these virtual models, and how it could be integrated as part of the exhibition of the Ration Shed Museum or potentially used for Cherbourg’s touristic development in the future.
PART B.3
PART B4.1
PART B4.2
Generate floor plans and sections through cloudcompare.
Generating building geometries using Autodesk Revit.
3D data acquisition Cherbourg’s Historical Precinct (CHP).
Retrieve 3D point cloud files from Zeb1 scanner.
Point cloud manual alignment using cloudcompare.
PART B3.1
PART B3.2
PART B3.3
Isolate contour and vegetation from point cloud files
Generate site contour and vegetation using 3D Rhinoceros.
Align generated site contour with existing survey map.
PART A.1
PART A.2
PART A.3
PART A.4 Categorise the iconographic resources according to buildings.
Background Research Cherbourg Aboriginal Settlement.
Literature Research Cherbourg’s Historical Precinct.
PART C1.1
PART C1.2
PART C2.1
PART C3
Schedule a workshop session with Cherbourg’s community.
Revise 3D built model of the heritage precinct.
Apply raster-texture to the built geometries using 3D Max.
Produce a virtual walkthrough using Unity 3D / Unreal gaming engine.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
Cherbourg’s heritage precinct (as built in 2018) 3D mock up.
Generating overall site contour using Autodesk Revit.
Analyse & rearrange the iconographic resources chronologically.
Figure 2.1.1: Overall project workflow for the thesis project.
PRODUCT B
PART B3.4
PRODUCT C Reconstruct the past states of the heritage precinct.
will be presented
PRODUCT D Present the final findings to the council.
(source: Author 2019) PART B: Methodology |
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2.1-1
PART 3.1: ORIGINAL BUILDINGS
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Superintendent’s office The superintendent’s office is one of the few remaining buildings on the settlement. It was constructed at the centre of the settlement in 1926 (The Cherbourg Memory n.d.). This was the place where the superintendent exercised his authority, and the Aboriginal people applied for permits to leave the reserves. Many Elders recalled the superintendent’s office being one of the places that most Aboriginal people were afraid to visit. They were often summoned by the superintendent in the office. 1
2 Dormitory system. The Cherbourg’s dormitory system was established soon after the government inception. It was an integral part of Cherbourg. Under the Reformatory Schools Act, Aboriginal children, who were deemed to be neglected, were forcibly sent to the dormitories (Besley 2013). The dormitory system was put in place to care for these ‘abandoned’ children. However, in retrospect, this had contributed to the social deconstruction of the Indigenous group in Cherbourg. Many Elders also recalled the life in the dormitories as harsh and institutional (Mok 2005).
Despite several reports claimed that the dormitory life was inhumane, the dormitory system kept going until the 1980s. The girls’ dormitory and the mothers’ quarter were closed in 1980s, and followed by the boys’ dormitory in 1982.
Boys’ dormitory The boy’s dormitory was constructed in 1928. The dormitory housed many young men, who were trained as manual labour. The boys’ dormitory was closed in the late 1980s, and reopened as the Beemar Yumba Children’s hostel in 1984 (The Cherbourg Memory n.d.). The hostel then operated until 2005. In 2009, the dormitory became part of the Cherbourg’s historical precinct. 2A
Mothers’ quarters The mothers’ quarters was constructed for mothers with babies. The mothers were allowed to leave the quarters temporarily to visit the hospital, or to visit relatives in the main camp (The Cherbourg Memory n.d.). The mothers’ quarters was closed and demolished in 1980. 2B
Girls dormitory The girls’ dormitory was built in 1925 (Blake 2001). It was the most prominent building on the settlement. The dormitory building replaced the existing dormitories that housed many Aboriginal children since the beginning of the settlement . The girls’ dormitory was eventually closed in the 1980s (Besley 2013). The building was then converted into a temporary accommodation for the local community until it was destroyed in a fire in 1997. 2C
Domestic science building The domestic science building was constructed in 1941. The aboriginal girls were trained in servicing white people’s homes. The girls were later sent to work on farming properties in the central and western Queensland (Blake 2001). 3
WOMENS JAIL 1
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE
2C
BOYS’ DORMITORY
2B
MOTHERS’ QUARTER
Figure 3.1.1: Administration domain in 1930s - The office, boys’ dormitory, mothers’ quarters, and girls’ dormitory. (from left) ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
2A
GIRLS’ DORMITORY
(source: Brianwood collection, 1930)
PART C: Building Significance |
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PART 3.2: RELOCATED BUILDINGS
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Ration shed The old ration shed was built in 1928, where the aboriginal people received rations in exchange for labour undertaken within the reserved. By the time, the Aboriginal people’s diets had completely changed, and were heavily relied on processed foods and sugars, instead of natural bush tucker, which the people ate for years (Blake 2001). 4
Pottery house The pottery house was relocated to Cherbourg’s historical precinct in late 2018. Based on the physical attributes of the house, it is apparent that it was built around the same period as the girls’ dormitory. Both buildings share several similar features in term of their construction, for instance, the vertical VJ lining board in their building construction. 5
6
Yidding Artist Studio The CWA (Country Women Association) hall is another historical building which has become part of the Cherbourg’s Historical Precinct (The Cherbourg Memory n.d.). In 2014, the Cherbourg Aboriginal Shire council acquired the old hall to be relocated to the precinct. The council planned to repurpose the hall as a studio, and gallery space for Yidding Artists group. According to the Aunty Sandra Morgan, the old hall was initially located at the Jack O’Chin’s oval. The CWA shed used to be a school for the non-Indigenous children in the community, according to the museum curator, Mr. Mark Newman. C6
4
5
scale: ntc Figure 3.2.1: Cherbourg-Barambah Aboriginal settlement - original location of the old ration shed, CWA’s shed and pottery house. ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
PART C: Building Significance |
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3.2-1
PART 4.1: HISTORICAL TIMELINE
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Architectural Changes Based on the information gathered, the buildings at the administration domain had undergone multiple changes since their initial construction. The 2D representations below provide a visual chronological record of these changes on the buildings. These representations are heavily based on the descriptions from literatures, architectural drawings, and other corresponding files.
1
Iconographical resources of each building are also attached with temporal attributes once they are categorised. Each phase represents an individual period with its building features. A complete historical timeline of the administration domain is shown in part 4.3.
2
3
1920s - 1940s 1920s
1950s - 1960s 1930s
Construct / Built • Girls’ dormitory in 1925. • Boys’ dormitory in 1928. • Superintendent’s office in 1925.
1940s
Construct / Built • Mothers’ quarter in 1941.
1950s
1970s - 1990s 1960s
1970s
Modifications • Closed verandah. • Building extension. • Additional shed.
Figure 4.1.1: Spatio-temporal representation of Cherbourg historical precinct (previously known as administration domain) transformation. The historical photographs are arranged chrono ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
Past States Structuring In-depth building analysis and literature research were carried out prior to the reconstruction process of each phase of the administration domain. This is to understand the rationale behind these modifications. The historical significance of each building within the domain as well as the reconstruction process will be discussed further in the following chapters.
4
5
2000s 1980s
Modifications • Changed fenestration (eg. windows). • Addtional space / building expansion.
2010s
1990s
2000s
2010s
Demolished • Mothers’ quarter demolished as the dormitory system slowly phased out.
Relocation • Old ration shed was restored and relocated to the precinct.
Repurpose • Boys’ dormitory and girls’ dormitory were converted as temporary hostels.
Refurbishment • Most buildings were refurbished and converted as museum.
ologically & followed with the digital model representations of each past state. The temporal notations
2018
Relocation • CWA’s shed was relocated to precinct in 2012. • Pottery house was relocated to the precinct in 2018.
are attached at the bottom section.
PART D: Virtual reconstruction of the past states of the administration domain |
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4.1-1
PART 4.2.1: SUPERINTENDENT’S OFFICE
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Exposed verandah The superintendent’s office was built in 1925. Therefore, it does share many similar physical attributes with other administrative buildings. According to figure 4.2.1.1., the office was surrounded by exposed veranda. The stumps were equally spaced along the veranda, and only located underneath the loadbearing structures. A
Single skin wall structure According to historical photographs (refer to Figure 4.2.1.1. & Figure 4.2.1.2.), the walls of the superintendent’s office were predominantly made up of single-skin VJ walls, which were commonly used during the early 1900s (Jenner 2013). B
Single-sk
Verandah post connected
to stumps
in wall
Exposed verand
ahs
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.1.1: Physical attributes of the superintendent’s office at Cherbourg Aboriginal settlement in 1926.
(source: Day collection, 1926)
windows and door
white picket fences
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.1.2: The superintendent’s office was surrounded by white picket fence.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
(source: UQ Anthropology Museum, 2019)
PART D: Virtual reconstruction of the past states of the administration domain |
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Figure 4.2.1.3: 3D virtual model of the superintendent’s office as it was in 1930s [from south-west].
(source: Author, 2019)
Note: The white picket fence was excluded for drawing clarity.
Figure 4.2.1.4: 3D virtual model of the superintendent’s office as it was in 1930s [from south-east].
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
PART D: Virtual reconstruction of the past states of the administration domain |
(source: Author, 2019)
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4.2.1-2
PART 4.2.1: SUPERINTENENT’S OFFICE (CONT.)
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Closed verandah It can be clearly seen that the superintendent’s office’s veranda was fully enclosed in the Hilda Secombe’s private collection (refer to figure 4.2.1.5.). This was probably to accommodate extra clerical staffs at that period. A
This information is confirmed by the Cherbourg Memory website, as it states that the superintendent’s office was extended in the 1970s (refer to figure 4.2.1.8). A post office also was later established, in a separate area away from the main administration office (Cherbourg Memory, n.d.).
Building extension According to Dr. Kelly Greenop’s 3D scanned files, there is a discrepancy regarding the subfloor layout of the superintendent’s office. As shown in figure 4.2.1.7, there is a distinct difference between the layout of the floor joist, which indicates that the superintendent’s office might had undergone extension. B
Closed veranda
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.1.5: Exterior view of the superintendent’s office from Cherbourg hospital in 1961.
(source: Hilda secombe collection, 1961)
A
Modifications (1960) A
Note: The white picket fence was excluded for drawing clarity.
Closed verandah.
Figure 4.2.1.6: 3D virtual model of the superintendents’ office indicates the modifications made throughout 1960s.
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New construction
Superintendents’ Office
Figure 4.2.1.7: The point cloud file of the superintendents’ office indicates the differences in the subfloor plan.
Build
ing e
Replacement
(source: Author, 2019)
xtens
ion
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.1.8: Front view of the superintendent’s office in 1970s.
(source: Secombe collection, 1960)
B A
Modifications (1970) A Replace existing window with a door. B Building extension.
Figure 4.2.1.9: 3D virtual model of the superintendent’s office indicates the modifications made throughout 1970s.
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PART 4.2.1: SUPERINTENDENT’S OFFICE (CONT.)
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Window replacement According to the video clips shown in the Ration Shed DVDs, the window type along the veranda was clearly different compared to Figure 4.2.2.7. Therefore, it is assumed that the original windows were replaced around 1990s. Perhaps, a follow-up interview with the residents could help to clear up this ambiguity. A
Restoration to original state The Ration Shed Museum committees aim to restore the superintendent’s office to its original state. The film shows that the veranda panels were removed along with the windows (Ration Shed Museum 2009). Part of the superintendent office also was later converted into a retail store, and the café area is connected to the ration shed. B
A
A
A
Modifications (2000) A
Replace existing windows.
Figure 4.2.1.10: 3D virtual model of the superintendent’s office indicates the modifications made throughout 2000s.
(source: Author, 2019)
B A
Modifications (2010s) A B
Convert office part into shop. Building restoration.
Figure 4.2.1.11: 3D virtual model of the superintendent’s office indicates the modifications made throughout 2010s.
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4.2.1.12
4.2.1.13
4.2.1.14
4.2.1.15
Figure 4.2.1.12: The windows location of superintendent’s office (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2009). Figure 4.2.1.13: Side view of the superintendent’s office (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2009). Figure 4.2.1.14: Additional platforms added at each side of the Ration Shed Museum (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2009). Figure 4.2.1.15: Front elevation of the superintendent’s office (source: O’Rourke, 2017).
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PART 4.2.2: RATION SHED MUSEUM
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Reconstruction process The virtual model of the ration shed is developed based on the 3D point cloud files provided by Dr. Kelly Greenop. Architectural drawings, films, and other personal recollections are also used to analyse the modifications made to the Ration Shed.
Additional platforms In Figure 4.2.2.5., it is evident that additional platforms were added at both side of the ration shed to accommodate the increasing number of visitors (Ration Shed Museum, 2009). B
Additional concrete ramp In 2008, the old timber ramp was replaced with a concrete ramp (refer to Figure 4.2.2.8.). In addition to that, the platform was also extended to be connected to the superintendent’s office. C
Relocate the ration shed. According Aunty Sandra Morgan, the chairwoman of the Ration Shed Museum, the old Ration Shed was originally located at the Jack O’Chin Oval. It was restored in 2004, and placed next to the superintendent’s office. A
B
B
Modifications (2004 - 2005) B
Additional platforms
Figure 4.2.2.1: 3D virtual model of the Ration Shed indicates the modifications made in 2005.
(source: Author, 2019)
co eri nnec nte nd ted to ent ’s o ffic e
sup
C D
C
Modifications (2008) C D
Note: The superintendent’s office was omitted for drawing clarity.
Additional concrete platforms & extension Additional shade
Figure 4.2.2.2: 3D virtual model of the Ration Shed indicates the modifications made in 2008.
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4.2.2.3
4.2.2.4
4.2.2.5
4.2.2.6
4.2.2.7
4.2.2.8
Figure 4.2.2.3: Ration Shed is placed next to superintendent’s office (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2009). Figure 4.2.2.4: Cherbourg intendent’s celebration at the Ration Shed Museum (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2009). Figure 4.2.2.5: Additional platforms added at each side of the Ration Shed Museum (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2009). Figure 4.2.2.6: The verandah of Ration Shed Museum was removed (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2009). Figure 4.2.2.7: Ration Shed Museum from back staircase (source:: O’Rourke. 2018). Figure 4.2.2.8: Ration Shed Museum from main ramp (source: O’Rourke. 2018).
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PART 4.2.2: RATION SHED MUSEUM (CONT.)
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Replace existing roof It is clearly seen in Figure 4.2.2.9. that the original veranda was replaced with a larger shade. This is probably to connect both Ration Shed Museum and the superintendent’s office as well as providing additional weather protection to the museum visitors. A
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.2.9: Exterior view of the Ration Shed Museum.
(source: Author, 2018)
A
co eri nnec nte nd ted to ent ’s o ffic e
sup
Modifications (2018) A
Note: The vegetation was omitted for drawing clarity.
New roof form
Figure 4.2.2.10: 3D virtual model of the Ration Shed Museum and the superintendent’s office as in 2018.
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PART 4.2.3: BOYS’ DORMITORY
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Spatial organisation Figure 4.2.3.3. and figure 4.2.3.4. reveal that the boys’ dormitory was surrounded by exposed veranda at each building side. Small rooms were located at each building corner as an attempt to monitor the Aboriginal boys’ behaviour. The interior space of the dormitory was vaguely mentioned in the correspondence files as it was constantly renovated for different purposes. For example, in the correspondence files dated in 1945, part of the boys’ dormitory was fitted to cater for school purposes. A
Boiler room / Kitchen area The kitchen area was located at the back of the house. During the site visit, Aunty Sandra Morgan, the chairwoman of the Ration Shed Museum, pointed out that the kitchen was connected to the boys’ dormitory with a platform (refer to figure 4.2.3.5.). B
Figure 4.2.3.1: 3D virtual model of the boys’ dormitory as built in 1928 (from back).
A
(source: Author, 2019)
B
C
C
Building Features A B C
Boiler room Platform Exposed veranda
Figure 4.2.3.2: Isometric view of the virtual model of the boys’ dormitory as built in 1928 (from back).
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Boiler room / kitchen
Exposed ve
randa
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.3.3: Large crowd of people gathered behind the boys’ dormitory in 1930s. (source: UQ Anthropology Museum, 1931)
Exposed veranda
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.3.4: Group of Aboriginal boys on the veranda of the boys’ dormitory. (source:Ernest Brianwood, 1928)
itory
oys dorm
tion to b
Connec
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.3.5: DOMO boys were gathered behind the boys’ dormitory in 1950s. (source: Cherbourg Anniversary Organizing Committee, 1950)
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PART 4.2.3: BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.)
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Enclosed veranda A photograph of the boys’ dormitory in Hilda Secombe’s private collection shows that the side verandas were fully enclosed (refer to Figure 4.2.3.7.). This modification was presumably made around the 1950s to provide additional space for the Aboriginal boys. A
Boiler room destroyed According to the fire department’s report, the boiler room located at the rear of the boys’ dormitory was almost destroyed by the fire in 1973 (Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships 1989). However, many Elders recalled that the boiler room was later demolished rather than being completely destroyed by the fire. C
Buidling extension During the interview with Aunty Winne Dalton, she recalled that Mr. Jack O’Chin extended part of the boys’ dormitory as accommodation for his family while staying in the dormitory during the 1960s. Figure 4.2.3.8. also shows parts of the front veranda that were enclosed. B
A
Modifications (1960) A
Closed veranda
Figure 4.2.3.6: 3D virtual model of the boys’ dormitory showcases the closed veranda on building side.
B
(source: Author, 2019)
A
Modifications (late 1960) A B
Building extension Closed veranda
Figure 4.2.3.7: 3D virtual model of the boys’ dormitory demonstrates the modifications made throughout the 1960s (from front).
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Enclosed veranda
Figure 4.2.3.8: View of the boys’ dormitory from Cherbourg’s hospital in the 1960s.
(source: Cherbourg memory, 1960)
Building extension
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.3.9: Front view of the boys’ dormitory in 1982.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
(source: Department of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Partnership, 1982)
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PART 4.2.3: BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.)
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Renovated as emergency hostel As the dormitory system slowly phased out, the boys’ dormitory was forced to close in the late 1980s (Besley 2013). The dormitory was later reopened as Beemar Yumba Aboriginal Children’s Hostel (The Cherbourg Memory n.d.). It was a residential care service to the Aboriginal children within the Cherbourg community. A drafted floor plan of the hostel is also attached in the correspondence file and the physical attributes of the hostel are identified in Figure 4.2.3.12. According to the Cherbourg memory website, the hostel only operated until 2005. A
Renovated as museum In 2009, the boys’ dormitory was acquired by the Ration Shed Museum to be part of the Cherbourg’s historical precinct. The dormitory was then refurbished into its original state. B
Figure 4.2.3.10: Rough 3D virtual model of the Beemar Yumba Aboriginal Children’s Hostel.
B
(source: Author, 2019)
B
A
A
Modifications (2018) A B
Ramps Wall replacement
Figure 4.2.3.11: 3D virtual model of the boys’ dormitory demonstrates the modifications made throughout the 2010s (from front).
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Figure 4.2.3.12: Drafted floor plan for Beemar Yumba Aboriginal Children’s hostel. (source: DATSIP , 1983)
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.3.13: Physical attributes of the Beemar Yumba Aboriginal Children’s hostel. (source: The Cherbourg Memory, 1961)
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.3.14: The boys’ dormitory undergone refurbishment. (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2019)
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PART 4.2.4: POTTERY HOUSE
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Reconstruction process: The pottery house was measured during the site visit. The physical attributes of the pottery house are well documented through live-sketches along with measurements as well as photographs. Landscape changes The pottery house was relocated to the Cherbourg’s historical precinct in the late 2018. Prior to that, three red gum trees were removed to make way for the building (Ration Shed Museum, 2018). A
Additional concrete slab and entry Additional concrete slab was laid outside the pottery house, which will serve as coffee venue (refer to Figure 4.2.4.4.). In addition, a door entry was added next to the kitchen area for easy access (Ration Shed Museum, 2018). B
A
Modifications (2018s) A
Removals of red gums.
Figure 4.2.4.1: 3D virtual model of the pottery house indicates the modifications made throughout 2010s.
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viewpoint
Figure 4.2.4.2: Three red gums trees were removed. (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2018)
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.4.3: The Elders were planning the pottery house. (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2019)
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PART 4.2.4: POTTERY HOUSE (CONT.)
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction.
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.4.4: Additional concrete platform and entry added to the pottery house. (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2019)
B
A
Modifications (2019) A B
Additional concrete platform. Entry next to kitchen area.
Figure 4.2.4.5: 3D virtual model of the pottery house indicates the modifications made throughout 2010s.
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PART 4.2.5: YIDDING ARTIST STUDIO
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Reconstruction process The virtual reconstruction approach for the Yidding Artist Studio largely depends on the 3D point cloud file and the photographs provided by the Ration Shed Museum.
Painted art studio In 2014, Cherbourg Yidding Artist decided to paint over the art studio’s exterior. Figure 4.2.5.5. also shown that additional wall was painted over in 2015.
Relocate Country Women Association (CWA)’s hall In 2012, the Cherbourg Aborignal Shire council acquired the old CWA hall to be relocated to the precinct, as the council planned to repurpose the hall as a studio and gallery space for Yidding Artist group.
Additional toilets In the same year, the old hospital shed was also relocated next to the art studio as a sanitary compartment.
A
B
C
New awning New awning was later added to the Yidding Artist Studio in 2018. D
Figure 4.2.5.1: 3D virtual model of the Yidding Artist Studio & Gallery as it was restored in 2012.
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4.2.5.2
4.2.5.3
4.2.5.4
4.2.5.5
4.2.5.6
4.2.5.7
Figure 4.2.5.2: The CWA shed is placed next to the boys’ dormitory (source: Ration Shed, 2012). Figure 4.2.5.3: Yidding art gallery & studio in 2012 (source: Ration Shed, 2012). Figure 4.2.5.4: Yidding artists painted the art gallery exterior wall (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2014). Figure 4.2.5.5: Studio entrance being painted over (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2015). Figure 4.2.5.6: Old hospital shed is relocated next to the artist studio (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2015). Figure 4.2.5.7: New awning was added to the Art Studio (source: Ration Shed Museum, 2018).
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PART 4.2.5: YIDDING ARTIST STUDIO (CONT.)
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction.
A.1
A.2
Modifications (2014 - 2015) A.1 A.2
Painted exterior wall. Painted additional wall.
Figure 4.2.5.8: 3D virtual model of the Yidding Artist Studio & Gallery indicates the modifications made throughout 2014 to 2015.
(source: Author, 2019)
B
C
Modifications (2015 - 2018) B C
Additional hospital shed. Installed awning.
Figure 4.2.5.9: 3D virtual model of the Yidding Artist Studio & Gallery indicates the modifications made throughout 2015 to 2018.
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PART 4.2.6: MOTHER’S QUARTERS
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Exposed verandah The mothers’ quarters was built to accommodate the single mothers with babies. As the mothers’ quarter was built around the same period as other institutional buildings within the domain, they all shared many similar physical attributes. One of the main features of these buildings was the exposed veranda, which was located at the east elevation of the building. (refer to figure 4.2.6.1.). A
6 foot-high barbed wire fence Refer to Figure 4.2.6.1., a six-foot high barbed wire fences were erected around both the girls’ dormitory and the mothers’ quarter in the late 1930s. This was to separate the Aboriginal women from the main camp. B
C Location of the water tanks An aerial photograph in 1940s captures the mothers’ quarter from a distance (refer to Figure 4.2.6.2.). Once magnified, two water tanks were shown located at the back of the mothers’ quarter.
girls’ home
6-foot high fences verandah
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.6.1: Mothers’ quarters and the girls’ home were surrounded by 6 foot-high barbed wire fences..
(source: The Cherbourg Memory, 1940).
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.6.2: Two water tanks were located at the back of the mothers’ quarters.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
(source: Ration Shed Museum, 1960).
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Figure 4.2.6.3: 3D virtual model of the mothers’ quarters as built in 1930s (from south-west).
(source: Author, 2019)
Figure 4.2.6.4: Rough 3D virtual model of the mothers’ quarters as built in 1930s (from north-east).
(source: Author, 2019)
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PART 4.2.6: MOTHER’S QUARTER (CONT.)
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Closed verandah It is clearly seen in Figure 4.6.2.7. and Figure 4.6.2.8. that the veranda was fully enclosed around the 1960s. This was probably due to several occasions where the men were reported breaking into the girls’ dormitory. The closed veranda could also provide privacy for the single mothers and the babies. A followup interview with Aunty Eva Collins, the matron for the mothers’ quarter could potentially help to clear up this ambiguity. A
Floor plans The reconstruction process of the mothers’ quarter was encountered with some difficulties. One of them was due to lack of information available regarding the interior space of the mothers’ quarter. During the interview with Aunty Winnie Dalton, who previously stayed in the mothers’ quarter, she managed to provide some insightful information regarding the floor layout of the building. The matron office was located at the front, whereas the kitchen area and the bathrooms were located at the back of the mothers’ quarter (refer to Figure 4.2.6.9.). B
A
Modifications (1960s) A
Closed veranda
Figure 4.2.6.5: 3D virtual model of the mothers’ quaters indicates the modifications made throughout 1960s (from south-west).
(source: Author, 2019)
A
Modifications (1960s) A
Closed veranda
Figure 4.2.6.6: 3D virtual model of the mothers’ quaters indicates the modifications made throughout 1960s (from north-east).
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Closed veranda
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.6.7: Stafford Sandow in front of the Mothers’ quarters in 1960s. (source: The Cherbourg Memory, 1960)
Overall building form
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.6.8: Mothers’ quarters in 1960s. (source: The Cherbourg Memory 1960)
5 4
2
3
1
LEGEND 1
Closed veranda
2
Living space
3
Matron room
4
Kitchen / bathrooms
5
Tanks
Figure 4.2.6.9: Photograph of the sketch floor plan of the mothers’ quarter by Aunty Winnie Dalton. (source: Author, 2019)
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PART 4.2.7: DOMESTIC SCIENCE BUILDING
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Virtual reconstruction process Due to the mechanical difficulties on site, Zeb1 handheld laser scanner could only scan part of the domestic science building. Furthermore, insufficient amount of information available for domestic science building also caused several issues during the process of creating the digital mock-ups of the building.
Physical attributes The domestic science building was constructed in 1941. Thus, it shares multiple similar physical features with the surrounding buildings. The physical attributes of the domestic science building are identified in Figure 4.2.7.1. A
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.7.1: Exterior view of Cherbourg domestic science building in 1941. (source: NIRS , 2007).
Figure 4.2.7.2: 3D virtual model of the domestic science building as built in 1941.
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PART 4.2.7: DOMESTIC SCIENCE BUILDING
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Building extension According to Figure 4.2.7.3., there is a distinct different regarding the built form of the domestic science building. The domestic science building clearly undergone multiple extensions. According to Robyn Hofmeyr and the Elders from Many Threads group, an additional storage and toilets were added at the back of the domestic science building during the 1960s. The domestic science building was also extended to incorporate additional rooms for other purposes. B
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.7.3: Exterior view of Cherbourg domestic science building in 1960s (source: NIRS, 2007)
B
A
Modifications (1960s) A B
Additional storage Building extension
Figure 4.2.7.4: 3D virtual model of the domestic science building’s modification throughout 1960s.
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PART 4.2.8: GIRLS’ DORMITORY
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Reconstruction process The initial digital reconstruction approach for the girls’ dormitory was developed based on archival drawings produced in 1941. The historical photographs and correspondence files were later utilised as references to document the major building changes throughout the years.
Number of stairways In Figure 4.2.8.1., it is apparent that there was only one stairway at each landing when the dormitory was initially constructed. This information was also mentioned in the correspondence file – memorandum 34/6007. A
White picket fences Figure 4.2.8.3. also indicates that the white picket fence surrounded the girls’ dormitory. It was an attempt to segregate the Aboriginal girls from the main camp. B
Figure 4.2.8.1: Perspective view of the girls’ dormitory shows there is only one stairway at each balcony in 1923.
(source: Betty McKenzie collection, 1923)
Figure 4.2.8.2: Perspective view of the girls’ dormitory as it was built in 1925.
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Figure 4.2.8.3: White picket fence was erected around the girls’ dormitory.
(source: Hofmeyr, 2016)
A
Legend A
White picket fence
Figure 4.2.8.4: 3D virtual model of the girls’ dormitory surrounded by white picket fence.
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PART 4.2.8: GIRLS’ DORMITORY (CONT.)
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Additional stairways During late 1930s, two additional stairways were added by the superintendent to minimise congestion in the case of fire. A
Permanent fire escapes In 1941, the idea of installing permanent fire escapes around the dormitory came to light in the wake of a disastrous fire occurred at Gommeri, which destroyed the Royal Hotel. According to the correspondence file, the matron also previously mentioned that the existent stairways could potentially pose as obstacles in the case of emergency as they were locked against the exits during the night. In addition, a patrol then would have to be on guard throughout the night to prevent any intruders from entering the dormitory through the fire escape ladders. B
Lattice partition In 1937, the girls’ dormitory was separated off midway across the veranda with lattice screens (refer to Figure 4.2.8.6.). According to the correspondence file, this was to keep the big girls from the little girls, as the blankets from the little girls’ sleeping quarters were often got stolen by the older girls. C
Six-foot high barbed wire fences According to Figure 4.2.8.8., a high-tiered barbed wire fence was erected around the girl’s dormitory as an attempt to prevent the Aboriginal girls from escaping. However, in comparison to the earlier photographs, it does not show this fence as being in existence when the dormitory was initially opened in 1928. D
Women goal According to the Cherbourg memory website, the women goal was built in clear view of the girls at the backyard of the girls’ dormitory. The physical attributes of the women goal are identified from Figure 4.2.8.7. E
Recreation shed In Figure 4.2.8.5., the recreation shed was placed behind the girl’s dormitory. This is further supported by the correspondence files as they state that the play shed was constructed in 1938 under the supervision of the superintendent. F
F
E
C
B D
A
Modifications (1930s - 1940s) A B C D E F
Additional stairway Fire escape ladders Lattice-work partitions Barbed wire fence Women goal Recreation shed
Figure 4.2.8.5: 3D virtual model of the girls’ dormitory indicates the modifications made throughout 1930s to 1940s.
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Original location of lattice screen
Additional staircase
4.2.8.7 4.2.8.6
4.2.8.9 4.2.8.8
Figure 4.2.8.6: Second floor of the girls’ dormitory (source: Hofmeyr, 2016). Figure 4.2.8.7: Woman goal located at the rear of the girls’ dormitory (source:Cherbourgmemory, 1933). Figure 4.2.8.8: Six-foot high barbed wire fence erected around girls’ dormitory in late 1930s (source: Hofmeyr, 2016). Figure 4.2.8.9: Fire escape ladder at girls’ dormitory (source: O’Chin, n.d.).
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4.2.8-4
PART 4.2.8: GIRLS’ DORMITORY (CONT.)
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Wire meshes & panels There were several reports from the 1950s reveal that there were numerous occasions of men successfully entering the girls’ dormitory despite having the barbed wire fences. Hence, the council suggested to replace the six-foot high barbed wire fence with strong brass wire mesh wrapping around the veranda. Furthermore, the council also recommended the additional lightweight panels to be installed at the top of the fire escape ladder to prevent men from entering the dormitory. A
Stove recess and kitchen The correspondence files retrieved from the Queensland State Archives also indicates that the kitchen was in bad state of repair. This is supported by the photograph captured during the early 1960s, which shows that the kitchen windows were broken, and the back wall was heavily damaged (refer to Figure 4.2.8.13.). However, there was no mention in these files regarding the time when the additional windows were added to the kitchen area. C
Shed Photograph from Hilda Secombe’s collections shows that an additional shed was added next to the girls’ dormitory during the 1960s (refer to Figure 4.2.8.12.). However, there was not any previous mention about the construction of the shed in the correspondence files. Perhaps, a follow-up interview with the DOMO girls could help to clear up this ambiguity. D
Weatherproof panels As indicated in Figure 4.2.8.12., the balcony on the second floor of the dormitory was fully enclosed. This was probably due to the increasing number of Aboriginal girls in the dormitory system during the 1950s. Many of them were forced to sleep on the floors. This temporary solution was satisfactory except during the wet season. Hence, the council suggested the balconies to be closed off, and weatherproofed. B
B A
C
Modifications (1950s - 1960s) A B D
Wire mesh Weatherproof panels Shed
Figure 4.2.8.10: 3D virtual model of the girls’ dormitory indicates the modifications made throughout 1950s to 1960s.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
PART D: Virtual reconstruction of the past states of the administration domain |
(source: Author, 2019)
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Barbed wire fences around verandah
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.8.11: Ground floor of the girls’ dormitory were surrounded with wire mesh. (source: Cherbourgmemory, 1987).
Shed
Weatherproof panels
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.8.12: View of girls’ dormitory from Cherbourg hospital. (source: Hilda secombe collection, 1960)
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.8.13: Additional windows were added at the back of the kitchen recess in late 1960s. (source: O’Chin, 1960)
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
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PART 4.2.8: GIRLS’ DORMITORY (CONT.)
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Building extension According to Aunty Sandra Morgan and the correspondence file, an extension was made at the front of the building (refer to figure 4.2.8.8.) as a lounge and indoor play area for the small children. A
Restoration to original state The photograph shown in the DOMO girls film reveals that the mesh wires, which wrapped around the veranda, were removed in 1980s, along with the weatherproof panels. B
Short term accomodation The Cherbourg’s dormitory system was slowly phased out in 1970s. As a result, the girls’ dormitory was closed down in the late 1980s. The old dormitory building then was repurposed as a short-term accommodation for the local communities. The correspondence files indicate that the accommodation was unsuccessful, and resulted in many people illegally squatting in the building. C
Burnt down In 1998, the Cherbourg’s girls’ dormitory was burnt down in a fire. D
A
B
Modifications (1970s - 1990s) A B
Building extension. Restoration to original state.
Figure 4.2.8.14: 3D virtual model of the girls’ dormitory indicates the modifications made throughout 1970s to 1990s.
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PART D: Virtual reconstruction of the past states of the administration domain |
(source: Author, 2019)
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Weatherproof panels were removed
Mesh wire were removed
viewpoint
Figure 4.2.8.15: The mesh wire and weatherproof panels at the verandas were removed in late 1980s. (source: Hofmeyr, 2016)
viewpoint
Building Extension
Figure 4.2.8.16: Perspective view of the girls’ dormitory in late 1980s.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
(source: Hofmeyr, 2016)
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PART 4.3.1: RESEARCH FINDINGS (CHERBOURG HISTORICAL PRECINCT THROUGTOUT 1920S-1940S) Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction.
Domestic Science Building
Boiler Room Boys’ Dormitory
Superintendent’s Office
Figure 4.3.1: Isometric view of Cherbourg’s administration domain in the late 1940s.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
Girls’ Dormitory
Women Goal
Mothers’ Quarters
(source: Author, 2019)
Note: Due to lack of information, government retail store was excluded from the research.
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PART 4.3.2: RESEARCH FINDINGS (CHERBOURG HISTORICAL PRECINCT THROUGTOUT 1950S-1970S) Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction.
Domestic Science Building
Boys’ Dormitory
Superintendent’s Office
Figure 4.3.2: Isometric view of Cherbourg’s administration domain in late 1970s.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
Girls’ Dormitory
Women Goal
Mothers’ Quarters
(source: Author, 2019)
Note: Due to lack of information, government retail store was excluded from the research.
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PART 4.3.3: RESEARCH FINDINGS (CHERBOURG HISTORICAL PRECINCT THROUGTOUT 1980S-1990S) Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction.
Domestic Science Building
Mother’s Qua (demolished)
Boys’ Dormitory
Superintendent’s Office
Figure 4.3.3: Isometric view of Cherbourg’s administration domain in late 1990s.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
Girls’ Dormitory
Women Goal
arters
(source: Author, 2019)
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PART 4.3.4: RESEARCH FINDINGS (CHERBOURG HISTORICAL PRECINCT THROUGTOUT 2000S) Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction.
Superintendent’s Office
Ration Shed Museum (relocated in 2004)
Figure 4.3.4: Isometric view of Cherbourg’s administration domain in late 2000s.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
Domestic Science Building
Boys’ Dormitory
(source: Author, 2019)
Note: The girls’ dormitory was burnt down.
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PART 4.3.5: RESEARCH FINDINGS (CHERBOURG HISTORICAL PRECINCT THROUGTOUT 2010S) Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction.
Superintendent’s Office Pottery House (relocated in 2018)
Ration Shed Museum
Figure 4.3.5: Isometric view of Cherbourg’s administration domain in late 2010s.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
Domestic Science Building
Yidding Artist Studio (relocated in 2012)
Boys’ Dormitory
(source: Author, 2019)
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PART 5: DISCUSSION
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Recommendations With the rapid advancement of 3D modelling software, it allows the recreation of the Cherbourg’s administration domain in a digital workspace. Virtual reconstruction undoubtedly has many advantages and potentials in the field of architecture. These virtual models could be reproduced in many ways. As the project emphasizes on the historical awareness of the community, these reconstructed models could assist other disciplines that are involved in the Cherbourg’s cultural heritage. Furthermore, the scalability of the 3D models has opened doors to many interesting scenarios for the Ration Shed Museum, such as virtual tours, educational video, physical models, smart tourism through Augmented Reality mobile application, and visual browsing system (eg: Nubes platform). All these methods could potentially help users to further understand the changes of the administration domain.
Visualisation and Animation According to museum community, educational videos are more appropriate to the museum setting, as the use of Augmented Reality mobile application has already been implemented in the museum interactive activities. Hence, several animated clips are developed to narrate the different phases of the administration domain. The clips can be viewed in the following link: https://drive.google.com/ open?id=1IEXGJwjTHUe1kSnzefvlfACZ3AZLss9Q.
Figure 5.2: Snapshot of the virtual walkthrough at Cherbourg’s historical precinct. (source: Author, 2019)
Physical model Throughout the project timeframe, a study model of the girls’ dormitory was presented to the DOMO girls to facilitate the interview. The objective of using the study model in the interview is to explore its potential to help the former residents to recall their memories during that period.
Research challenges Nonetheless, there were several challenges encountered throughout the thesis. Although the administration domain was scanned by using the Zeb1 handheld mobile scanner, it could only construct a ‘fuzzy’ point cloud due to technical difficulties on site. Moreover, the Zeb1 handheld mobile scanner also could only produce colourless point cloud files. The insufficient amount of information available for certain buildings caused several issues during the process of creating the digital mock-ups. However, these issues were rectified by presenting the mock-ups to the invited guest, as they were able to provide necessary information to produce more detailed models.
Figure 5.1: Study model of Cherbourg’s girls’ dormitory.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
(source: Author, 2019)
At the current stage of the project, it is difficult to estimate the level of accuracy of these reconstructed models, especially for those buildings that no longer exist. The interviews with the local community members have greatly contributed in revising the models, providing useful feedbacks and comments regarding models for the mothers’ quarter and the girls’ dormitory.
PART E: Discussion |
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PART 6: CONCLUSION
Explore the architectural history of Cherbourg administration domain through digital reconstruction. Conclusion The main objective of the thesis is to investigate the architectural history of the Cherbourg’s administration domain through digital reconstruction. The overall reconstruction process comprises of various compiling, and 3D modelling methods. Furthermore, the spatio-temporal analysis of the administration domain is made possible with extensive use of archival clips, correspondence files, interviews, and other iconography resources gathered from the Ration Shed Museum, Queensland State Archives and John Oxley Library. Acknowledgements The realisation of this work would not be possible without the help from all parties who gave their valuable time, and contribution for completing the work. I hereby would like to express my upmost gratitude to multiple organisations, including the Queensland State Archives, John Oxley Library, and UQ Anthropology Museum for the help in gathering the historical documents; Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnership, who granted permission to access several restricted records related to the research topic. Special thanks also go to the Ration Shed Museum for their generosity in sharing the historical photographs about the administrative domain. Furthermore, great thanks are due to Dr. Kelly Greenop who acquired the laser scanned data of the historical precinct during the site visit. I would also like to acknowledge all the participants who provide support and guidance in constructing the study model of the girls’ dormitory. Last but not least, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Timothy O’Rourke, who has provided assistance throughout the project.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Chicago 15th B Style
Literature References Besley, J., Hofmeyr, R., Newman, M., Williams, L., Langton, R., Schneider, T., & Ration Shed Museum. 2013. On the banks of the Barambah: A history of Cherbourg from the Ration Shed Museum. Murgon, Qld.: The Ration Shed Museum. Blake, T. 2001. A dumping ground: A History of the Cherbourg settlement. St. Lucia, Qld: University of Queensland Press. Cherbourg Anniversary Organizing Committee. 1979. Barambah Cherbourg, 1904-1979. Cherbourg, Queensland: Cherbourg Anniversary Organising Committee. Evans, R. 2007. History of Queensland. 1st ed. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. Guthire, G. 1976. The development of Cherbourg. Chap. 3 in Cherbourg: A Queensland Aboriginal Reserve. Studies in Applied Geographical Research. Armadale: Dept. of Geography, University of New England. Kreutz, A. 2015. “That’s my home”: historical and contemporary insights. Chap. 2 in Children and the Environment in an Australian Indigenous Community. New York: Routledge. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uqldetail.action?doc1D=1864783 (accessed September 29th, 2018). Mok, J. 2005. Cherbourg Dorm Girls. Fortitude Valley, Qld. Multicultural Community Centre. Newman, M., S. Lawrence, P. Scarett, T. Schneider, R. Langton, Barambah Committee, and Ration Shed Museum. 2015. Brief history of Barambah. Section 2 in The Boys from Barambah : The Story of the Black Diggers of Barambah-Cherbourg of World War 1. First ed. Murgon: Ration Shed Museum. The Cherbourg Memory. n.d. Decade by Decade. http://cherbourgmemory.org/. Accessed March 13th, 2019. Architectural / Construction Plan References: Cass, J. 1941. Cherbourg Aboriginal Settlement - Girls Dormitory Building. Item ID: 583024. [Architectural plans]. Retrieved from Queensland State Archive. O’Rourke, T., Chris, M. and Chris, K. 2017. Cherbourg’s Ration Shed Museum (Shed). [Architectural Plan]. O’Rourke, T., Chris, M. and Chris, K. 2017. Cherbourg’s Yidding Artist Studio. [Architectural Plan]. O’Rourke, T., Chris, M. and Chris, K. 2018. Cherbourg’s Boys’ Dormitory. [Architectural Plan]. Rienmac Pty Ltd. 2017. Boy’s Dormitory Floor Framing Plan. [Structural Plan]. Retrieved from Rienmac. Film References: The Ration Shed Museum. 2013. The DOMO boys. Cherbourg, Queensland: Cherbourg Historical Precicnt Group and Zebra Crossing Picture, CD-ROM., 38 min. The Ration Shed Museum. 2016. The DOMO girls. Cherbourg, Queensland: Cherbourg Historical Precicnt Group and Zebra Crossing Picture, CD-ROM., 33min. The Ration Shed Museum. 2016. The Ration Shed. Cherbourg, Queensland: Cherbourg Historical Precicnt Group and Zebra Crossing Picture, CD-ROM., 26min. Other References: Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships. 1943. Cherbourg, Building, Girl’s Dormitory. Item ID: 645152. [Correspondence Files]. Retrieved from Queensland State Archives, Runcorn. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships. 1983. Cherbourg, Building, Girl’s Dormitory. Item ID: 645153. [Correspondence Files]. Retrieved from Queensland State Archives, Runcorn. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships. 1989. Cherbourg - Building - Single Men & Boys’ Dormitory. Item ID: 645159. [Correspondence File], Retrieved from Queensland State Archives, Runcorn. Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. 2011. Queensland LiDAR Data – Inland Towns Stage 1_2011 Project: Kingaroy to Murgon 2011 RGN. [Pointcloud]. http://elevation.fsdf.org.au/. Accessed March 13th, 2019 Greenop, Kelly. 2018. Cherbourg’s historical precinct. [Pointcloud]. August 15th, 2018.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY (CONT.) Chicago 15th B Style
Image References Brainwood, E. 1930. Office and dormitory area at Barambah Aboriginal Settlement. Cherbourg. AIATSIS. Reg. N4931.18. [Brainwood collection]. Brainwood, E. 1928. Boys’ dormitory meeting. Cherbourg. AIATSIS. Reg. Brainwood.E0.BW-N04928_25. [Brainwood collection]. Cherbourg Anniversary Organizing Committee. 1950. DOMO boys gathered behind the boys’ dormitory in the 1950s. Cherbourg, Queensland: Cherbourg Anniversary Organizing Committee. Cherbourg Memory. 1926. Superintendent’s Office at Barambah Aboriginal Settlement. Cherbourg. http://cherbourgmemory.org/ superintendents-office-at-barambah-aboriginal-settlement-c1926/ (accessed 4th March 2019). Cherbourg Memory. 1960. Mothers’ Quarters at Cherbourg c1960. AIATSIS http://cherbourgmemory.org/mothers-quarters-atcherbourg-c1960/ (accessed 3rd March 2019). Cherbourg memory. 1960. Stafford Sandow in front of the Mothers Quarters Cherbourg c1960. http://cherbourgmemory.org/staffordsandow-in-front-of-the-mothers-quarters-cherbourg-c1960/ (accessed 4th March 2019). Cherbourg Memory. 1960. The boys’ dormitory at Cherbourg c1960. http://cherbourgmemory.org/wp-content/uploads/featured_image/ The-Boys-Dormitory-at-Cherbourg_1960s.jpg?ba2100 (accessed 4th March 2019). Cherbourg Memory. 1970. The superintendent’s office and post office at Cherbourg c1970. Cherbourg. http://cherbourgmemory.org/ the-office-and-post-office-at-cherbourg-c1970/ (accessed 4th March 2019). Cherbourg Memory. 1980. Beemar Yumbah children’s shelter c1980. http://cherbourgmemory.org/wp-content/uploads/featured_image/ Beemar-Yumbah-childrens-shelter_1980s.jpg?ba2100 (accessed 4th March 2019). Cherbourg Memory. 1987. Ground floor of the girls’ dormitory were surrounded with wire mesh. Cherbourg. http://cherbourgmemory. org/ground-floor-of-the-girls-dormitory-1987/ (accessed 4th March 2019). Loy, W. 2018. Exterior view of the Ration Shed Museum. [Personal collection]. McKenzie, B. 1923. Exterior view of the girls’ dormitory in 1923. [Betty McKenzie collection]. http://cherbourgmemory.org/back-view-ofthe-girls-dormitory-at-barambah-aboriginal-settlement-1925/ (accessed 3rd April 2019) McFarlane, R. and K. Fisher. 1933. The women’s goal. Cherbourg, Qld. AIATSIS. https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/print/388278. NIRS. 2007. Exterior view of Cherbourg domestic science building in 1941. http://www.magsq.com.au/_dbase_upl/cherbourg.pdf (accessed 10th February 2019). NIRS. 2007. Exterior view of Cherbourg domestic science building in 1960s. http://www.magsq.com.au/_dbase_upl/cherbourg.pdf (accessed 10th February 2019). O’Chin, J. 1960. Rear view of the girls’ dormitory in Cherbourg. Cherbourg. O’Chin, J. n.d. Fire escape ladder at girls’ dormitory in Cherbourg. Cherbourg. O’Rourke, T. 2017. Front elevation of the superintendent’s office. [Personal collection]. O’Rourke, T. 2018. Ration Shed Museum from back staircase. [Personal collection]. O’Rourke, T. 2018. Ration Shed Museum from main ramp. [Personal collection]. Ration Shed. 2012. Yidding Art Gallery & Studio. Cherbourg: Queensland. http://rationshed.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ Yidding-Art-Gallery-Studio.jpg (accessed 4th May 2019). Ration Shed. 2012. The shed is placed next to the boys’ dormitory. Cherbourg: Queensland. http://rationshed.com.au/wp-content/ uploads/2012/02/SHED-MOVED.jpg (accessed 4th May 2019). Ration Shed Museum. 1960. Aerial photograph of the Cherbourg Aboriginal settlement in 1960s. Ration Shed Museum. 2014. Cherbourg Yidding Artists have been working very hard - painting the art studio - deadly hey! Cherbourg: Queensland. https://www.facebook.com/RationShedMuseum/photos/a.380528165398603/617722258345858/?type=3&theater (accessed 4th May 2019). Ration Shed Museum. 2015. Painting the art studio. Cherbourg: Queensland. https://www.facebook.com/RationShedMuseum/photos/ pcb.763049697146446/763048890479860/?type=3&theater. (accessed 17th May 2019). Ration Shed Museum. 2015. Shed moved to the back of Yidding Artist Studio. Cherbourg: Queensland. https://www.facebook.com/ RationShedMuseum/photos/a.380528165398603/680066795444737/?type=3&theater (accessed 17th May 2019). ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
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BIBLIOGRAPHY (CONT.) Chicago 15th B Style
Ration Shed Museum. 2018. New awning for Art studio gets the thumbs up! Cherbourg: Queensland. https://www.facebook.com/ RationShedMuseum/photos/pcb.1576526519132089/1576524365798971/?type=3&theater (accessed 4th May 2019). Ration Shed Museum. 2019. Concrete platform and entry added to the pottery house. Cherbourg: Queensland. https://www.facebook. com/RationShedMuseum/photos/p.2117268988391170/2117268988391170/?type=1&theater (accessed 16th May 2019). Ration Shed Museum. 2019.Three red gum trees were removed. Cherbourg: Queensland. https://www.facebook.com/RationShedMuseum/ photos/pcb.1749644925153580/1749644601820279/?type=3&size=960%2C1280&fbid=1749644601820279 (accessed 17th May 2019). Ration Shed Museum. 2019. Elders were planning the pottery house. Cherbourg: Queensland. https://www.facebook.com/ RationShedMuseum/photos/pcb.2044084629042940/2044082859043117/?type=3&theater (accessed 17th May 2019). Ration Shed Museum. 2019. The boys’ dormitory undergone refurbishment. Cherbourg, Queensland. https://scontent.fbne6-1.fna. fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/51283568_2019422021509201_5311174047340429312_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&_nc_ht=scontent.fbne6-1. fna&oh=4f41b56651230c8a091d72bbd78a7902&oe=5D594240 (accessed 4th March 2019). RationShed. 2012. Yidding Art Gallery Studio. Cherbourg. http://rationshed.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Yidding-Art-GalleryStudio.jpg (accessed 21st January 2019). Secombe, H. 1960. View of the boys’ dormitory from Cherbourg’s hospital in the 1960s. Cherbourg. [Hilda Secombe collection]. http://cherbourgmemory.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/view-of-boys-dormitory-from-cherbourg-hospital_1961.jpg?ba2100 (accessed 4th March 2019). Secombe, H. 1960. View of girls’ dormitory from Cherbourg hospital. Cherbourg. [Hilda Secombe collection]. http://cherbourgmemory. org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/view-of-girls-dormitory-from-cherbourg-hospital_1961.jpg?ba2100 (accessed 4th March 2019). Secombe, H. 1961. View of superintendent’s office at Cherbourg in 1960s. Cherbourg. http://cherbourgmemory.org/collections/ photographic-collection/hilda-secombe-collection// (accessed 4th March 2019). UQ Anthropology Museum. 1931. Large crowd of people standing behind the boys’ dormitory in 1931. Cherbourg. [Donated by The Queensland Women’s Historical Association]. UQ Anthropology Museum. 1931. Superintendent’s office and government retail store at Barambah Aboriginal Settlement in 1931. Cherbourg. [Donated by The Queensland Women’s Historical Association].
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APPENDICES A
Point Cloud Data of Cherbourg’s Historical Precinct
B
Architectural / Construction / Measured drawings Ration Shed Museum BI-I - BI-II Cherbourg boys’ dormitory building BII-I - BII-XIII Yidding Artist Studio & Gallery BIII-I Cherbourg girls’ dormitory building BIV-I Pottery house BV-I
C
Correspondence Files Cherbourg boys’ dormitory building Cherbourg girls’ dormitory building
D
Participants’ Feedback
E
Colour Sample of the boys’ dormitory
AI-AII
CI-I - CI-VII CII-I - CII-XIV D-I - D-IV E-I
APPENDIX A: SITE PLAN OF THE HISTORICAL PRECINCT Virtual reconstruction process of Cherbourg’s historical heritage precinct.
Yidding Art Studio
Cherbourg’s Boys’ Dormitory
(relocated in 2012)
used to be CWAs’ hall.
Domestic Science Building
Figure A1: Top view of the 3D scanned files - Cherbourg’s historical precinct.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
scale: not to scale
Administrative office Known as superintendent’s office
Ration Shed Museum (relocated in 2004)
used to be Ration Shed.
cinct Boundary
Cherbourg’s Historical Pre
*CWA stand for Country Women’s Association
source: Author, 2018
APPENDIX A: Point cloud data of Cherbourg’s Historical Precinct |
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APPENDIX A: ISOMETRIC DIAGRAM(S) OF THE HISTORICAL PRECINCT Virtual reconstruction process of Cherbourg’s historical heritage precinct.
e Pin
ue
en Av
ram
bah
Ba
Figure A2.1: Isometric view (from Barambah. Ave) of Cherbourg’s historical precinct.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
ue
en Av
source: Author, 2018
ue
en Av bah
ram
Ba
e Pin
ue
en Av
Figure A2.2: Isometric view (from Pine. Ave) of Cherbourg’s historical precinct.
source: Author, 2018
APPENDIX A: Point cloud data of Cherbourg’s Historical Precinct |
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SECTION A3: EXPLODED DIAGRAM OF THE HISTORICAL PRECINCT Virtual reconstruction process of Cherbourg’s historical heritage precinct.
Figure A3 Exploded diagrams of Cherbourg’s historical precinct.
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
source: Author, 2018
SECTION A: Cherbourg’s Historical Precinct |
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SECTION B1: 3D SCANNED FILES OF RATIONSHED MUSEUM & SUPERINTENDENT’S OFFICE 3D Scanned Files - Floor Plans
Administrative office Known as superintendent’s office
Rationshed Museum Relocated
Toilets
B1.1
B1.2
B1.3 Figure B1.1. Top view of 3D scanned RationShed Museum & Superintendent’s Office (Source: Author 2018). Figure B1.2. Floor plan of RationShed Museum & Superintendent’s Office (Source: Author 2018). Figure B1.3. Subfloor plan of RationShed Museum & Superintendent’s Office (Source: Author 2018).
ARCH7052 : Architectural Research Thesis
SECTION B: RationShed Museum & Superintendent’s Office |
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SECTION B1: 3D SCANNED FILES OF RATIONSHED MUSEUM & SUPERINTENDENT’S OFFICE (CONT.) 3D Scanned Files - Sections & Elevations
B1.6 B1.4
B1.7
B1.5
B1.8 B1.9
B1.6 B1.4 B1.5
B1.11
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
B1.10
B1.9
B1.8
B1.7
B1.10 B1.11
)
SECTION B: RationShed Museum & Superintendent’s Office |
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SECTION C1: 3D SCANNED FILES OF CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY 3D Scanned Files - Floor Plans
*Failed to scan
C1.1
C1.2
Boys’ Dormitory
C1.3 Figure C1.1. Roof plan of the Boys’ Dormitory (Source: Author 2018). Figure C1.2. Top view of the Boys’ Dormitory (Source: Author 2018). Figure C1.3. Subfloor plan of the Boys’ Dormitory (Source: Author 2018).
ARCH7052 : Architectural Research Thesis
SECTION C: Cherbourg’s Boys’ Dormitory |
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SECTION C1: 3D SCANNED FILES OF CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) 3D Scanned Files - Sections & Elevations
C1.7
C1.11 C1.10 C1.9 C1.8
C1.6
C1.7
C1.5 C1.4
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C1.4
C1.8
C1.5
C1.9
C1.6
C1.10
SECTION C: Cherbourg’s Boys’ Dormitory |
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SECTION D1: 3D SCANNED FILES OF YIDDING ARTIST STUDIO 3D Scanned Files
D1.1
D1.2
Figure D1.1. Roof plan of Yidding Artist Studio (Source: Author 2018). Figure D1.2. Top view of Yidding Artist Studio (Source: Author 2018). ARCH7052 : Architectural Research Thesis
SECTION D: Yidding Artist Studio & Gallery |
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D1.3 D1.4 D1.5 D1.6 Figure D1.3. Yidding Artist Studio - site section I (Source: Author 2018). Figure D1.4. Yidding Artist Studio - site section II (Source: Author 2018). Figure D1.5. Yidding Artist Studio - site section III (Source: Author 2018). Figure D1.6. Yidding Artist Studio - side elevation (Source: Author 2018). ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
SECTION D: Yidding Artist Studio & Gallery |
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SECTION E1: 3D SCANNED FILES OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE BUILDING (CONT.) For reference purposes only
E1.6
E1.3
E1.6
E1.4
E1.7
E1.5
E1.8
E1.7 E1.5
E1.8 E1.4 E1.3
E1.9
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E1.9
SECTION E: Domestic Science Building |
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SECTION E1: 3D SCANNED FILES OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE BUILDING For reference purposes only
E1.1
E1.2
Figure E1.1. Top view of Domestic Science Building (Source: Author 2018). Figure E1.2. First floor plan of Domestic Science Building (Source: Author 2018). ARCH7052 : Architectural Research Thesis
SECTION E: Domestic Science Building |
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APPENDIX B1: REFERENCED ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS - RATIONSHED MUSEUM & SUPERINT For reference purposes only
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
TENDENT’S OFFICE
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BI-I
APPENDIX B1: REFERENCED ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS - RATIONSHED MUSEUM & SUPERINT For reference purposes only
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
TENDENT’S OFFICE (CONT.)
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BI-II
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
B 08-02-2018 TEN
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
CHERBOURG COUNCIL
NDER DRAWINGS 2018
CD—02
B
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-I
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-II
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
B 08-02-2018 TEND
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
CHERBOURG COUNCIL
DER DRAWINGS 2018
EXISTING ELEVATIONS
CD—04
B
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-III
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-IV
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
B 08-02-2018 TEND
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
CHERBOURG COUNCIL
DER DRAWINGS 2018
FLOOR PLAN
CD—06
B
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-V
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-VI
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
B 08-02-2018 TEND
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
CHERBOURG COUNCIL
DER DRAWINGS 2018
WEST & SOUTH ELEVATIONS
CD—09
B
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-VII
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-VIII
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-IX
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-X
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-XI
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.1 Architectural drawings - For reference purposes only
B 08-02-2018 TEND
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
CHERBOURG COUNCIL
DER DRAWINGS 2018
BOUGH SHED DRAWINGS
CD 20
A
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-XII
APPENDIX B2: REFERENCED DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG’S BOYS’ DORMITORY (CONT.) B2.2 Structural floor-framing plan - For reference purposes only
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BII-XIII
SECTION B3: REFERENCED ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS - YIDDING ARTIST STUDIO & GALLERY For reference purposes only
ARCH7052 : Architectural Research Thesis
PART B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BIII-I
APPENDIX B5: DOCUMENTED DRAWINGS - PROPOSED POTTERY HOUSE For reference purposes only
C7.1
Figure B5.1. Measured floor plan of the proposed pottery house (source: Author 2018).
ARCH7052: Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BV-I
APPENDIX B4: REFERENCED ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS - CHERBOURG GIRLS’ DORMITORY (DR For reference purposes only
Figure B4.1. Architectural drawings of Cherbourg’s Girls’ Dormitory (source: Carr 1941).
ARCH7052 : Architectural Research Thesis
RAWN IN 1941)
APPENDIX B: Architectural / Construction / Measured Drawings |
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BIV-I
APPENDIX D: INTERVIEW FEEDBACK A) SITE VISIT AND MEETING: Date : 30th October 2018 Time : 10:00am - 12:00pm Location : Ration Shed Museum, Cherbourg Attendees : Aunty Sandra Morgan, Chairwomen of the Ration Shed Museum. : Dr. Timothy O’Rourke, Course Instructor : Mr. Mark Newman, Project manager of the Boys’ Dormitory Project. : Mr. Peter Trail, Designer. : Mr. Wei Win Loy, Research student. Comments : 1920s - 40s a) There isn’t any column in the middle of the passage, which connected the kitchen and dining area. b) The brickwork in stove recess area should be pulled back to where the timber column begins. c) In 1940s, the barbed wire fences were erected around the girls’ dormitory to prevent the girls from running away. : 1950s - 60s a) The participants weren’t able to identify the function of the enclosed balconies. b) Aunty Sandra pointed out that the main doors were solid doors instead of screen doors. : 1970s - 90s a) The extend building structure served as a lounge and indoor play area of smaller children. Notes
: The overall shade for the finished models seem to be too dark for general user. : The surrounding context could be included to add additional site context to the built model. : Woman jail, laundry area and bathroom could be incorporated in the virtual model. : From a non-expert community member’s point of view, perhaps adding furniture could help the users to better visualize the function of each room
ARCH7052 : Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX D: Interview feedback |
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D-I
APPENDIX D: INTERVIEW FEEDBACK (CONT.) C) SITE VISIT AND MEETING: Date : 8th May 2019 Time : 10:30am - 1:00pm Location : Elders Room - Boys’ Dormitory, Cherbourg Attendees : Aunty Sandra Morgan, Chairwomen of the Ration Shed Museum. : Mr. Mark Newman, Project manager of the Boys’ Dormitory Project. : Ms. Robyn Hofmeyr, Co-ordinator of the Ration Shed Museum. : Mr. Peter Trail, Designer. : Mr. Wei Win Loy, Research student. Comments : Potential of the digital model a) Virtual reality - It would required a play area within 9 metres square to setup for the virtual reality. The Ration Shed Museum comittees think this option would not be feasible due to the space limitation of the boys’ dormitory. In addition, the museum also could not secure a funding to invest in the virtual reality (VR) headset. b) Walkthrough video - Robyn Hofmeyr, the co-ordinator of the Ration Shed Museum suggested a walkthrough video could be useful as the museum had already intergrated Ipad in their museum setting. c) Navigation application (through Apple Ipad) - Mark Newman adds on the walkthough videos could be further developed as part of the navigation app, allowing the museum visitors to nagivate throughout the precinct. Girls’ Dormitory - Physical model - The physical model of the girls’ dormitory has been presented to the committee. However, due to multiple limitations presented, it would not be feasible to incooperate the model into the museum setting. Boys’ Dormitory - boiler room - According to Mr. Peter Trail, the boiler room was connected to the boys’ dormitory instead being a separated building. Domestic science building - building extension - According to Robyn Hofmeyr and Elders from Many Threads group, an additional storage and toilets were added at the back of the domestic science building during the 1960s. The domestic science building was also extended to incorporate additional rooms for other purposes Notes
: Addtional photographs of Cherbourg’s historical precicnt have been taken.
ARCH7052 : Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX D: Interview feedback |
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D-II
APPENDIX D: INTERVIEW FEEDBACK (CONT.) A) SITE VISIT AND MEETING: Date : 28th May 2019 Time : 10:00am - 12:00pm Location : Elders Room - Boys’ Dormitory, Cherbourg Attendees : Aunty Sandra Morgan, Chairwomen of the Ration Shed Museum. : Aunty Winnie Dalton, former resident of the Girls’ Dormitory and Mother’s Quarter. : Dr. Timothy O’Rourke, Course Instructor. : Mr. Mark Newman, Project manager of the Boys’ Dormitory Project. Comments : Girls’ Dormitory a) Aunty Winnie Dalton - Woman goal, laundry area and bathroom should be incorporate into the virtual model. - The virtual model of the girls’ dormitory seems correct. - Kitchen floor of the girls’ dormitory was made up of concrete instead of brickwork. Mothers’ Quarter a) Aunty Winnie Dalton - Aunty Eva Collins was the house matron during the 1960s. - House matron’s room was located at the front whereas the kitchen and laundry area were located at the back of the mothers’ quarters. - The verandas were fully enclosed during the 1960s. - The mothers’ quarters and the girls dormitory were connected by a shed. Notes
: Rough sketches of the mothers quarters by Aunty Winnie Dalton.
5
4
2
1
3
LEGEND 1
Closed veranda
2
Living space
3
Matron room
4
Kitchen / bathrooms
5
Tanks
ARCH7052 : Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX D: Interview feedback |
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D-III
APPENDIX D: INTERVIEW FEEDBACK (CONT.) D) SITE VISIT AND MEETING: Date : 10th June 2019 Time : 4:00pm - 6:00pm Location : Insert here Attendees : Aunty Ruth Hegarthy. : Mr. Mark Newman, Project manager of the Boys’ Dormitory Project. : Mr. Wei Win Loy, Research student. Comments : Girls dormitory - Physical model - Everything seem fine, but the original bed geometry does not look similar to what had been 3D printed.
Girls dormitory - Virtual walkthrough - The paints were used for the wall should be pale yellow (government color scheme) instead of white. - The flooring material for the kitchen area is incorrect. - The fire escape ladders and stairwells are in the correct position. - No comments were given for 1970s and 1990s virtual model, as Aunty Ruth Hegarthy has left the settlement.
ARCH7052 : Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX D: Interview feedback |
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D-IV
APPENDIX E: COLOUR SAMPLE OF THE BOYS’ DORMITORY Cherbourg’s Boys’ Dormitory - Exterior Wall Finishes
E1.1.
E1.2.
Figure E1.1. Colour sample of the boys’ dormitory exterior wall (source: Author 2018). Figure E1.2. Section cut of the sample piece (source: Author 2018).
ARCH7052 : Architectural Research Thesis
APPENDIX E: Colour sample of the Boys’ Dormitory |
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E-I