ITB Research Bulletin Issue 4 2023

CONTENTS

4-5

Innovations Ecosystem Platform

Prof. Taufan Marhaendrajana, Ph.D. | Chair of Institute for Science and Technology Development

6-7 COVER STORY

Uncovering The Secrets of Ancient Climates in The Stunning

 Surgical amputation of a limb 31,000 years ago in Borneo

 Self-templated fabrication of hierarchical hollow manganesecobalt phosphide yolk-shell spheres for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

 Biomimetic Janus chitin nanofiber membrane for potential guided bone regeneration application

 Customer engagement in online social crowdfunding: The influence of storytelling technique on donation performance

 SMOTE-LOF for noise identification in imbalanced data classification

8-12 16 PROFILE AND AWARDS

 Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticle (f-MWCNT/AgNP)

Highest Number of Researchers from Indonesia

9 ITB’s Scientists on World Top 2%

nanocomposites as non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensors for dopamine detection

 The 2018 M-w 7.5 Palu ‘supershear’ earthquake ruptures geological fault’s multisegment separated by large bends: results from integrating field measurements, LiDAR, swath bathymetry and seismic-reflection data

 The multisensory interaction between auditory, visual, and thermal to the overall comfort in public open space: A study in a tropical climate

 Enhancing the performance of floating photovoltaic system by using thermosiphon cooling method: Numerical and experimental analyses

18-19 EXPOSURE

- PRIMA ITB 2023

Prime Time for Research and Innovation

13-15 REVIEW ARTICLES

 Advances of the top-down synthesis approach for highperformance silicon anodes in Li-ion batteries

 Hierarchical zeolite for biomass conversion to biofuel: A review

 Recent advances and development of various oxygen carriers for the chemical looping combustion process: A review

 A review on drive train technologies for passenger electric vehicles

 Current progress of biopolymerbased flame retardant

S.M., Dian Sumardiana S.Kom, Adnan Insan Kamil S. S.T, Selvie Amriani S.Si., M.T., Ferdyansyah Poernama, A.Md.

Innovations Ecosystem Platform

Prof. Taufan Marhaendrajana, Ph.D.

Chair of Institute for Science and Technology Development

THE Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) emphasizes the practical application of science and technology in society. This is in line with its vision of being “Globally Respected and Locally Relevant.” To achieve this, ITB has established an innovation ecosystem platform to foster the development of science and technology that can effectively address societal challenges and have a positive impact on the social, economic, and health aspects of life.

A key differentiator in ITB’s approach to science and technology development is its commitment to fostering an Excellent Scientific Culture, which forms the basis for the creation of competitive technologies. This entails ensuring that the resulting technological products possess unique novelty, added value, and differentiation from those of competitors. Additionally, ITB places great importance on the durability and accuracy of technological products, which must be underpinned by strong scientific values, appropriate procedures, and a pursuit of excellence.

ITB’s Science and Technology Development Institute (LPIT) is responsible for overseeing these efforts. LPIT manages the Centers, Research Centers and the Science Techno Park (STP), with a focus on Information and Communication Technology, Food and Health, Transportation and Energy, and Regional and Disaster Management.

The LPIT plays a vital role in advancing innovation, nurturing science and technology-based startups, and contributing to the enhancement of scientific knowledge, entrepreneurship, and the overall social and economic well-being of society.

The Science Techno Park at ITB serves as a hub for connecting various stakeholders in the innovation ecosystem, including researchers, industries, and technology-based startups. It facilitates multidisciplinary research activities, leading to the development of high-quality scientific works, technology, and innovative products that benefit the broader community.

Furthermore, the Science Techno Park provides an ecosystem that supports the transformation of research findings into innovative products, offering facilities and programs that bring together researchers, startups, industries, investors, and the government to enable processes such as incubation, acceleration, co-creation, and cobranding.

In driving the growth of startups, the focus is on job creation, import substitution, and the development of technologies that are not solely reliant on imported resources but can be locally provided. Ultimately, the development of science and technology at ITB is oriented towards creating products that are utilized in society, and the institution plays a significant role in advancing science and technology in Indonesia.*

T Profile Science Teechno Park ITB

The ITB Innovation Park is utilized as a facility to accelerate the commercialization process of technological innovations at ITB with supporting from infrastructures & programs to achieve impactful outcome as follow:

Innovation Product from use in Indonesian Marke by Global Industry.

Start Up from ITB get funding in Series C & D.

18

International Joint Research Collaboration created.

Budget (2023-2027)

JPY2406481788

Uncovering The Secrets of Ancient Climates in The Stunning Lake Towuti

TIMES CITED 22 JOURNA L IMPACT FACTOR 16.6

André Friese, Kohen Bauer, Clemens Glombitza, Luis Ordoñez, Daniel Ariztegui, Verena B. Heuer, Aurèle Vuillemin, Cynthia Henny, Sulung Nomosatryo, Rachel Simister, Dirk Wagner, Satria Bijaksana, Hendrik Vogel, Martin Melles, James M. Russell, Sean A. Crowe, and Jens Kallmeyer

Nature Communications Journal Volume 12(1), April 2021

Article number: 2216 (2021)

Paper abstract

Deposition of ferruginous sediment was widespread during the Archaean and Proterozoic Eons, playing an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. Knowledge of organic matter mineralization in such sediment, however, remains mostly conceptual, as modern ferruginous analogs are largely unstudied. Here we show that in sediment of ferruginous Lake Towuti, Indonesia, methanogenesis dominates organic matter mineralization despite highly abundant reactive ferric iron phases like goethite that persist throughout the sediment. Ferric iron can thus be buried over geologic timescales even in the presence of labile organic carbon. Coexistence of ferric iron with millimolar concentrations of methane further demonstrates lack of iron-dependent methane oxidation. With negligible methane oxidation, methane diffuses from the sediment into overlying waters where it can be oxidized with oxygen or escape to the atmosphere. In low-oxygen ferruginous Archaean and Proterozoic oceans, therefore, sedimentary methane production was likely favored with strong potential to influence Earth’s early climate.

LOCATED in South Sulawesi, Towuti is the second-largest freshwater lake in Indonesia. Covering an area of 561.1 km2, Lake Towuti has a maximum depth of 203 m. Apart from that, Lake Towuti, which lies at an altitude of 293 m above sea level, also has five islands. Included in the Malili lake system, lake Towuti connects South Sulawesi with Southeast Sulawesi. The source of this lake comes from several springs and the surrounding area which is connected by 26 rivers.

A study of lake Towuti has been published in Nature Communications. This study involved institutions from various countries including Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Denmark, USA, and of course Indonesia.

Co-author Satria Bijaksana, a Professor of Rock Magnetism from Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), was once asked about his research topic at the ITB Research, Innovation and Community Service Exhibition on 20 December 2022. “In my field, I see something closest to us. I come from the global geophysical group,” he said.

“We try to find topics close to us. So it is easy for me to explain my research topic. One mountain, one PhD. One lake, one PhD. One river, one PhD. We have a PhD about Lake Singkarak in West Sumatra. We have a PhD in Ijen. We have a PhD in Bromo. We have 4-5 PhDs about Lake Towuti,” he added. Quite a number of doctoral students are interested in studying Lake Towuti because this lake is one of the ancient lakes in the world.

“Its location in central Indonesia also provides an important opportunity to reconstruct long-term terrestrial paleoclimate change in a crucially important yet understudied region, - the Western Pacific warm pool, heart of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation,” says the report. One of the co-author is Hendrik Vogel, a Professor of Sedimentary Geochemistry from the Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of Bern.

The Western Pacific warm pool itself is the world’s largest region that holds the warmest seawater with sea-surface temperature exceeding 28 ˚C. Because these waters are hot enough to drive heat and moisture high into the atmosphere, the warm pool has a large effect on the climate of surrounding lands. It also plays a role in the monsoon system for many nations throughout Asia and Africa that directly affect approximately half of the

Prof. Dr. Taufiq Hidajat

Prof. Dr. Satria Bijaksana

global population. Therefore, these things make research on Lake Towuti very interesting.

Lake Towuti also has a high rate of floral and faunal endemism and is surrounded by one of the most diverse tropical forests on Earth making it a hotspot of Southeast Asian biodiversity. The ultramafic (ophiolitic) rocks and lateritic soils surrounding Lake Towuti provide ferruginous metal substrates that feed a diverse, exotic microbial community in the lake and its sediments, potentially analogous to the microbial ecosystems that operated in the Archean Oceans and on Mars.

As an ancient lake, the climate during a past geological age (known as paleoclimate) of Lake Towuti can be studied through the lake’s sediments. “As part of the Towuti Drilling Project (TDP) of the International Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), we recovered sediment from a water depth of 156 m, well below the oxycline at the time of sampling,” says the authors, including André Friese, the

first author of this study.

Lake Towuti has oxygenated waters to a depth of 70 m, and below 130 m there is no dissolved oxygen. This condition of a drastic decrease in oxygen concentration is known as oxycline. Interestingly, below 130 m, the water is rich in dissolved iron.

Deposition of sediment that contains iron (ferruginous sediment) was widespread during Archaean and Proterozoic Eons, playing an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. The analysis result shows that sediments are formed 19 cm thick every thousand years. Thus, the youngest 12 meters of sediment retain climate information for approximately 60 thousand years.

Geochemical analysis shows that Lake Towuti’s sediment is relatively rich in organic carbon. The study, which involved 17 researchers, reveals the process of organic matter mineralization in ferruginous sediments of Lake

Towuti. Within the upper 12 m of sediments, iron reduction, sulfate reduction, as well as methanogenesis are the processes in organic matter mineralization, with methanogenesis being the dominant process (90%). Despite having a very high iron content, iron reduction only contributes about 8% to the process of organic matter mineralization. At the same time, this also reveals that the iron found throughout the sediment studied is stable for over tens of thousands of years.

Like iron reduction, sulfate reduction plays only a minor role in organic matter mineralization. Nevertheless, and importantly, the observation that sulfate reduction persists throughout the core confirms microbial reactivity of organic matter in these sediments.

Microbes in Lake Towuti sediments produce methane (methanogenesis) which is the main greenhouse gas. This rich greenhouse gas is thought to be related to Earth’s early climate about 3 billion years ago. Earth’s early greenhouse effect provided sufficient additional warming of the planet (beyond the current greenhouse effect) to compensate for the sun’s lower luminosity (known as the faint young sun paradox).

A lot of information can be revealed from the study of Lake Towuti. It is hoped that climate change studies stored in Lake Towuti’s sediment can be used not only to see the past, but also to predict the future.*

Figure of Lake Towuti (source: https://www.facebook.com/towutidrilling/photos/pb.100064633961836.-2207520000./950773318314913/?type=3)

Figure of Indonesian map (A), Sulawesi Island illustrating the geological setting of the Malili Lake System with Lake Towuti being the Largest (B),

g NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

Self-templated fabrication of hierarchical hollow manganese-cobalt phosphide yolk-shell spheres for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

Yusuf Valentino Kaneti, Yanna Guo, Ni Luh Wulan Septiani, Muhammad Iqbal, Xuchuan Jiang, Toshiaki Takei, Brian Yuliarto, Zeid A. Alothman, Dmitri Golberg, and Yusuke Yamauchi

Chemical Engineering Journal Volume 4051, February 2021 Article number 126580

Hierarchical nanostructures with hollow architectures can provide rich active sites, improved transport of ions, and highly robust structure for electrochemical applications. In this work, we report the self-templated fabrication of hierarchical manganese-cobalt phosphide (Mn-Co phosphide) yolk-shell spheres using highly uniform cobalt glycerate spheres as sacrificial templates.

Through a simple exchange reaction with the manganese precursor solution at room temperature, these cobalt glycerate spheres are readily converted to hierarchical MnCo LDH yolk-shell spheres, which can be further phosphidized at 350 °C under inert atmosphere to generate hierarchical Mn-Co phosphide with distinct yolk-shell morphology. When tested as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the hierarchical Mn-Co phosphide yolk-shell spheres exhibit an overpotential of 330 mV at a current density of 10 mA and a Tafel slope of 59.0 mV dec-1, which are higher than those of Mn-Co oxide yolk-shell spheres (480 mV and 113 mV ) and hierarchical cobalt phosphide spheres (410 mV and 61.3 mV )). Post-OER analysis by XPS reveals that the high activity of the hierarchical Mn-Co phosphide yolk-shell catalyst originates from the existence of / and redox couples and the formation of active metal oxyhydroxide species on its surface. The proposed self-sacrificial templating strategy will provide useful guidance for future construction of hollow inorganic metal nanostructures with yolk-shell morphology for energy storage and conversion applications.*

g HUMAN COMFORT

The multisensory interaction between auditory, visual, and thermal to the overall comfort in public open space: A study in a tropical climate

Dr. Eng. Muhammad Iqbal

Prof. Brian Yuliarto, Ph.D.

Joko Sarwono, Ph.D.

Dr. Ni Putu Amanda Nitidara

Prof. Dr. Suprijanto Ni Putu Amanda Nitidara, Joko Sarwono, Suprijanto, and F. X. Nugroho Soelami

g IMBALANCED DATA

SMOTE-LOF for noise identification in imbalanced data classification

Asniar, Nur Ulfa Maulidevi, and Kridanto Surendro.

Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences Volume 34, Issue 6, Pages 3413 – 3423, June 2022

Imbalanced data typically refers to a condition in which several data samples in a certain problem is not equally distributed, thereby leading to the underrepresentation of one or more classes in the dataset. These underrepresented classes are referred to as a minority, while the overrepresented ones are called the majority. The unequal distribution of data leads to the machine’s inability to carry out predictive accuracy in determining the minority classes, thereby causing various costs of classification errors.

Currently, the standard framework used to solve the unequal distribution of imbalanced data learning is the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). However, SMOTE can produce synthetic minority data samples considered as noise, which is also part of the majority classes. Therefore, this study aims to improve SMOTE to identify the noise from synthetic minority data produced in handling imbalanced data by adding the Local Outlier Factor (LOF).

The proposed method is called SMOTE-LOF, and the experiment was carried out using imbalanced datasets with the results compared with the performance of the SMOTE. The results showed that SMOTE-LOF produces better accuracy and f-measure than the SMOTE. In a dataset with a large number of data examples and a smaller imbalance ratio, the SMOTE-LOF approach also produced a better AUC than the SMOTE. However, for a dataset with a smaller number of data samples, the SMOTE’s AUC result is arguably better at handling imbalanced data. Therefore, future research needs to be carried out using different datasets with combinations varying from the number of data samples and the imbalanced ratio.*

Human comfort, one of the most critical factors in public space utilization, is influenced by a multisensory interaction between stimuli in the built environment, namely auditory, thermal, and visual. However, the combined interaction between these stimuli and how it affects the perception of comfort and thus the use of space, especially for conditions in public open spaces in a tropical-climate country, is not fully understood.

This study utilizes the Structural Equation Modeling method to model the interaction between the auditory, thermal, and visual factors in public open spaces by

observing the physical parameters of the environment and the perceptions of space users. The results indicate a multisensory relationship between the visual and thermal factors induced by the sun exposures, in which Visual Sensation increases with an increase in Thermal Sensation. Another multisensory relationship exists between auditory and thermal factors, where Auditory Sensation increases with increased Thermal Sensation and noise level, which explains the dynamic in public open spaces. Additionally, changes in the auditory factor have the most significant influence on comfort in public open space, followed by thermal and visual factors. The findings of this study provide valuable information to support urban designers in creating comfortable urban public spaces.*

Dr. Nur Ulfa Maulidevi

Prof. Kridanto Surendro, Ph.D.

Tim Ryan Maloney, India Ella Dilkes-Hall, Melandri Vlok, Adhi Agus Oktaviana, Pindi Setiawan, Andika Arief Drajat Priyatno, Marlon Ririmasse, I. Made Geria, Muslimin A. R. Effendy, Budi Istiawan, Falentinus Triwijaya Atmoko, Shinatria Adhityatama, Ian Moffat, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Adam Brumm, and Maxime Aubert

Nature, 2022

Ekavianty Prajatelistia, Ph.D.

Ekavianty Prajatelistia, Naresh D. Sanandiya, Andrieanto Nurrochman, Fresty Marseli, Seunghwan Choy, and Dong Soo Hwang

Carbohydrate Polymers Volume 2511, January 2021 Article number 117032

g

Surgical amputation of a limb 31,000 years ago in Borneo

The prevailing view regarding the evolution of medicine is that the emergence of settled agricultural societies around 10,000 years ago (the Neolithic Revolution) gave rise to a host of health problems that had previously been unknown among non-sedentary foraging populations, stimulating the first major innovations in prehistoric medical practices.

Such changes included the development of more advanced surgical procedures, with the oldest known indication of an ‘operation’ formerly thought to have consisted of the skeletal remains of a European Neolithic farmer (found in Buthiers-Boulancourt, France) whose left forearm had been surgically removed and then partially healed. Dating to around 7,000 years ago, this accepted case of amputation would have required comprehensive knowledge of human anatomy and considerable technical skill, and has thus been viewed as the earliest evidence of a complex medical act.

Here, however, we report the discovery of skeletal remains of a young individual from Borneo who had the distal third of their left lower leg surgically amputated, probably as a child, at least 31,000 years ago. The individual survived the procedure and lived for another 6–9 years, before their remains were intentionally buried in Liang Tebo cave, which is located in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo, in a limestone karst area that contains some of the world’s earliest dated rock art. This unexpectedly early evidence of a successful limb amputation suggests that at least some modern human foraging groups in tropical Asia had developed sophisticated medical knowledge and skills long before the Neolithic farming transition.*

g BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS

Biomimetic Janus chitin nanofiber membrane for potential guided bone regeneration application

Biopolymer-based membranes are at the forefront of the guided bone regeneration (GBR) in orthopaedics and dentistry, which prevent fast-growing soft tissue migration to the defected alveolar ridge or implants and allow the bone regeneration. In this study, we fabricated a novel Janus -two-faced, GBR membrane composed of a chitin nanofiber face for bone regeneration and a cell membrane mimetic antifouling 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymeric face for suppressing the migration of the soft tissue.

In vitro cell study showed a higher cell proliferation rate of osteoblast cells on the chitin nanofiber surface and a lower proliferation rate of fibroblasts cells on the antifouling MPC side. An increased of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) rate was observed in the chitin nanofiber face, indicating the ability to maintain proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic cells. These results suggest the biomimetic Janus chitin membrane may have the potential to develop as an advance GBR membrane.*

(The late) Dr. Pindi Setiawan

Enhancing the performance of floating photovoltaic system by using thermosiphon cooling method: Numerical and experimental analyses

The increasing global energy demand, limited fossil fuel resources, and environmental issues have optimized renewable energy utilization. Solar energy is an unlimited, accessible, and eco-friendly energy source. However, the broad land requirement is one of the critical problems in developing solar power plants. Floating photovoltaic (PV) is an innovative idea to overcome this problem. This research aims to develop floating PV systems by adding a passive cooling, namely a thermosiphon. The thermosiphon is a passive heat exchanger based on the free convection phenomenon. Experimental analysis has been carried out to estimate the increase of electrical power output in a thermosiphon-floating PV system, compared to their conventional floating counterparts.

Experimental results showed that the power output of floating PV systems is about 4.52% higher than that of ground PV installations. Furthermore, introduction of thermosiphon cooling PV increases the power output of floating PV panels by about 7.86% in comparation to ground PV generation, or by about 3.34% relative to floating PV systems.

A comprehensive numerical investigation has also been conducted, to study the system’s temperature contour and fluid flow characteristics. The transient calculations have been performed with all fluid’s properties as temperature (piecewise-linear) functions, and laminar conditions have been assumed. Numerical results showed that the thermosiphon cooling system effectively dissipates heat from PV to the environment. This proposed thermosiphon cooling method effectively increased the electrical energy of floating PV units, with no-external energy required for cooling.*

g SOCIAL CROWDFUNDING

Customer engagement in online social crowdfunding: The influence of storytelling technique on donation performance

Crowdfunding has become a key approach in connecting people and equality distribution mechanisms. Digitalization enables various crowdfunding platforms to be built online for different purposes, one of those being donation crowdfunding for social purposes.

To capture attention and obtain sufficient donations, customer engagement is a key focus for these platforms. To engage customer emotion and cognition, social crowdfunding content must be captivating. Storytelling techniques are one of the most popular approaches in creating engaging content. It is essential to explore the relationship between storytelling, customer engagement, and successful achievement of donations.

This research explores the different effects of direct vs. indirect storytelling techniques on social-issue crowdfunding campaigns. Data from a crowdfunding platform suggest that storytelling techniques have a significant positive effect on customer engagement and donation performance, particularly the direct storytelling technique. However, customer engagement does not serve as a mediator between storytelling and donation performance. This study fills the research gap regarding digital customer engagement, particularly in the social purpose context. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.*

Dr. Yuli Setyo Indartono

TIMES CITED 15 JOURNA

L IMPACT FACTOR 4.779

Bayu Sutanto, Yuli Setyo Indartono, Agung Tri Wijayanta, and Hector Iacovides

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Volume 180, October 2022 Article number 107727

Nila Armelia Windasari, Ph.D.

TIMES CITED 38 JOURNAL IMPACT FACTOR 8.047

Nurlita Devian Robiady, Nila Armelia Windasari, and Arfenia Nita

International Journal of Research in Marketing Volume 38, Issue 2, Pages 492 – 500, June 2021

The 2018 M-w 7.5 Palu ‘supershear’ earthquake ruptures geological fault’s multisegment separated by large bends: results from integrating field measurements, LiDAR, swath bathymetry and seismic-reflection data

Danny Hilman Natawidjaja, Mudrik R. Daryono, Gegar Prasetya, Udrekh, Philip L-F Liu, Nugroho Dwi Hananto, Widjo Kongko, Wahyu Triyoso, Anggraini Rizkita Puji, Irwan Meilano, Endra Gunawan, Pepen Supendi, Astyka Pamumpuni, Mashyur Irsyam, Lutfi Faizal, Sri Hidayati, Benyamin Sapiie, Mipi A. Kusuma, Wahyu Triyoso, and Sukardan Tawil

Geophysical Journal International Volume 224, Issue 2, Pages 985 – 1002, 1 February 2021

On 2018 September 28, 18:02:44 local time, the magnitude 7.5 earthquake accompanied by a tsunami and massive liquefaction devastated Palu region in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Comprehensive post-disaster surveys have been conducted, including field survey of surface ruptures, LiDAR, multibeam-bathymetry mapping and seismic-reflection survey. We used these data to map fault ruptures and measure offsets accurately. In contrast to previous remote-sensing studies, suggesting that the earthquake broke an immature, hidden-unknown fault inland, our research shows that it occurred on the mappable, mature geological fault line offshore. The quake ruptured 177-km long multi fault segments, bypassing two large releasing bends (first offshore and second inland). The rupture onset occurred at a large fault discontinuity underwater in a transition zone from regional extensional to compressional tectonic regimes.

Then, it propagated southward along the ∼110-km submarine fault line before reaching the west side of Palu City. Hence, its long submarine ruptures might trigger massive underwater landslides and significantly contribute to tsunami generation in Palu Bay. The rupture continued inland for another 67 km, showing predominantly left-lateral strike-slip up to 6 m, accompanied by a 5-10 per cent dip-slip on average. The 7 km sizeable releasing bend results in a pull-apart Palu basin. Numerous normal faults occur along the eastern margin.

They cut the Quaternary sediments, and some of them ruptured during the 2018 event. Our fault-rupture map on mature straight geological fault lines allows the possible occurrence of early and persistent ‘supershear’, but significant asperities and barriers on segment boundaries may prohibit it.*

Dr. Endra Gunawan Prof. Benyamin Sapiie, Ph.D.

Dr. Astyka Pamumpuni Prof. Dr. Masyhur Irsyam

Prof. Dr. Irwan Meilano

Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube/ silver nanoparticle (f-MWCNT/AgNP)

nanocomposites as non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensors for dopamine detection

Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter in the kidney, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system, which abnormality is associated with many diseases. In this work, we synthesized a functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticle (f-MWCNT/AgNP) nanocomposites as the biosensing material to detect DA.

The SEM, EDS, and TEM characterizations indicated the success of the functionalization process with MWCNT as the base material. The values of the linear range, the limit of detection (LOD), and the selectivity of the nanocomposite were all obtained from the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) measurements. The obtained LOD value was 0.2778 µM in the linear range of 0–8 µM, which is lower than the required concentration value for detecting DA in human urine (0.3–3 µM). The biosensor’s high selectivity on DA with the presence of other human-related biofluids was also reported. These results show that f-MWCNT/AgNP nanocomposites are a promising biosensor material for the detection of DA.*

Nanocomposites Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 97 – 108, 2021

REVIEW ARTICLES

Advances of the top-down synthesis approach for high-performance silicon anodes in Li-ion batteries

With a remarkable theoretical specific capacity of ∼4200 mA h , silicon anodes are at the forefront of enabling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with ultra-high energy density. However, we have yet to see the wide utilization of silicon anodes in commercial LIBs due to several challenges, categorized as intrinsic and extrinsic problems. The intrinsic problems originate from the intrinsic properties of silicon, which include its low conductivity and massive volume expansion upon alloying with lithium.

The extrinsic problems of silicon anodes are primarily associated with the laborious fabrication processes. Instead of bottom-up approaches, which involve relatively expensive and complicated synthesis routes, the top-down methods provide an affordable, controllable, and simple procedure for large-scale fabrication.

The present review aims to collate the recent studies on the fabrication of silicon anodesviatop-down approaches that involve etching, metallothermic reduction, and high energy ball milling. Extensive synthesis routes along with their synthesis parameters are reviewed. The morphology and the electrochemical performances of the silicon anodes prepared from various starting materials are also highlighted. Finally, perspectives on the potential future challenges and development of the top-down synthesis of silicon-based anodes are presented.*

TIMES CITED

JOURNAL IMPACT FACTOR

11.9

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Volume 9, Issue 35, Pages 18906 – 18926, 21 September

Isa Anshori, Lavita Nuraviana Rizalputri, Raih Rona Althof, Steven Sean Surjadi, Suksmandhira Harimurti, Gilang Gumilar, Brian Yuliarto, and Murni Handayani

Isa Anshori, Ph.D. Prof. Brian Yuliarto, Ph.D.

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ferry Iskandar Afriyanti Sumboja, Ph.D.

Ansor Prima Yuda, Pierre Yosia Edward Koraag, Ferry Iskandar, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto, and Afriyanti Sumboja

2.633

Mohamad Nurul Azman Mohammad Taib, Petar

Antov, Viktor Savov, Widya Fatriasari, Elvara

Windra Madyaratri, Riza Wirawan, Linda Makovická Osvaldová, Lee Seng Hua, Muhammad Aizat Abdul Ghani, Syeed Saiful Azry Osman Al Edrus, Lum Wei Chen, Djalal Trache, and M. Hazwan Hussin Polymer Degradation and Stability Volume 205, November 2022 Article number 110153

Current progress of biopolymer-based flame retardant

Due to thermal and flame/fire sensitivity of biopolymers especially in plant-based biopolymer fillers, it is extremely and necessary to improve the reaction to flame. The bio-polymers currently are used in many applications and daily life products and due to the potential risks of its tendency to burn and widespread the flames.

To overcome these risks, an introduction of flame retardant (FR) compounds, additives, or fillers based on organic and inorganic approaches such as nitrogenbased FRs, halogenated-based FRs, and nano fillers have becoming significant incorporated into biopolymers. Most traditional uses of FRs that involve halogenated and inorganic FRs are toxic and non-biodegradable during disposal.

Thus, the need to look for more environmentally friendly FRs such as nanocellulose, lignin, and others have become crucial. Because of concern on environmental and human health issues the biopolymers becoming a popular subject nowadays among scientists and researchers. The aim of this review paper is to promote the use of biodegradable and bio-based compounds for flame retardants with reduction in carbon footprint and emission.

Furthermore, the addition of bio-based FRs are significant in preventing and reducing the spread of flames compared with conventional FRs. A detailed discussion on the flame retardants mechanism, characterization techniques, morphology correlation and various biopolymers with flame retardants are also discussed.*

g BIOMASS CONVERSION

Hierarchical zeolite for biomass conversion to biofuel: A review

The development of biofuel production from biomass has become a promising breakthrough and could tremendously enhance the potential of industrial technology. In this case, zeolites have emerged as suitable materials for catalyzing biomass conversion due to their outstanding catalytic properties, including the presence of the intrinsic acid sites, shape-selectivity properties, and high thermal stability. However, the sole micropores in zeolite cause diffusional limitation issues, especially for the bulky molecules involved in biomass feedstocks.

St Mardiana, Noerma J. Azhari, Thalabul Ilmi, and Grandprix T. M. Kadja

For instance, many oxygenate molecules are too large to enter the micropores, so they cannot be converted into the product. In this case, hierarchical porosity could facilitate these molecules to access the acid site within the zeolite crystals. Research on synthetic strategies, modifications, and evaluations of their catalytic properties has consistently grown every year. This article reviews the recent development of hierarchical zeolite catalysts for biomass conversion to biofuel. Numerous strategies of hierarchical zeolite fabrication (bottom-up, top-down methods, and green synthesis approaches) and its modification (metals and functionalization with organic materials) and their characteristics are comprehensively reviewed.

The key point in the fabrication of hierarchical zeolites is the development of notable mesopores while preserving the intrinsic micropores. Moreover, the role of hierarchical zeolites in various biofuel and bio-based chemicals for biofuel and biofuel additives production reactions, i.e., pyrolysis, hydrolysis, esterification and transesterification, isomerization, condensation, upgrading of bio-oil, and catalytic cracking reactions, are discussed in detail. Finally, the remaining challenges and insight that can be considered for further improvement are provided.*

Dr. Grandprix Thomryes Marth Kadja

Dr. Riza Wirawan

Recent advances and development of various oxygen carriers for the chemical looping combustion process: A review

The amount of in the atmosphere is rising due to the combustion of fossil fuels to fulfill the energy demand. The need to build cleaner and more efficient energy systems is motivated by the introduction of chemical looping combustion (CLC) as an alternative to conventional combustion by transferring oxygen. The transfer of oxygen from the air to fuel is carried out by a metal oxide known as an oxygen carrier (OC).

For high fuel conversion and oxygen transport capacity, many efforts have been made for the preparation of an OC with minimal material cost. This review aims to summarize the recent advances and development of various types of OCs; particularly those developed within the previous five years are critically discussed in this paper.

The main criteria for the selection of the OCs for CLC include their oxygen vacancies, oxygen transport capacities, costs, and tendencies over coke deposition, agglomeration, and attrition. OCs for CLC can be generally divided into single oxides, mixed oxides, natural mineral, spinel from mixed metal oxides, and perovskite. These have been critically discussed with their significance in CLC. The performances, advantages, and limitations of the OCs are presented and compared in detail.*

g TRANSPORTATION

A review on drive train technologies for passenger electric vehicles

Transportation is the second-largest sector contributing to greenhouse gas emissions due to gas generation from the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are believed to be a great solution to overcome this issue. EVs can reduce emissions because the vehicles use an electric motor as a propeller instead of an internal combustion engine. Combined with sustainable energy resources, EVs may become zero-emission transportation.

This paper presents an overview of the EV drive train types, including their architecture with the benefits and drawbacks of each type. The aim is to summarize the recent progress of EV technology that always continues to be updated. Furthermore, a comparative investigation on energy density and efficiency, specific energy and power, cost, and application is carried out for batteries as the main energy storage.

This discussion provides an understanding of the current development of battery technology, especially the batteries used in EVs. Moreover, the electric motor efficiency, power density, fault tolerance, reliability, and cost are also presented, including the most effective electric motor to use in EVs. The challenges and opportunities of EV deployment in the future are then discussed comprehensively. The government regulation for EVs is still a major non-technical challenge, whereas the charging time and battery performance are the challenges for the technical aspect.*

Advanced Energy Materials Volume 10, Issue 111 March 2020 Article number 1902106

Energies Volume 14, Issue 20

Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Ayoub, Nur Adibah Ghazali, Aqsha, and Mariam Ameen

Prof. Endra Joelianto, Ph.D.

Muhammad Rizalul Wahid, Bentang Arief Budiman, Endra Joelianto, and Muhammad Aziz

Prof. Ir. I Gede Wenten, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Prof. Ir. Tommy Firman, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Prof. Trio Adiono, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

Prof. Dr. Ferry Iskandar, M.Eng.

Prof. Brian Yuliarto, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D.

Prof. Dr.apt. Heni Rachamawa ti, S.Si., M.Si.

Prof. Dr. Ir. Suwarno, M.T.

Dr. Rudi Dungani, S.Hut., M.Si.

(The late)

Prof. Dr. Ir. Pekik Argo Dahono

Highest Number of Researchers from Indonesia

9 ITB’s Scientists on World Top 2%

Atotal of 9 scientists from the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) have made it into the ranks of the World’s Top 2% Scientists for 2023. This number represents the highest number of researchers from any university in Indonesia, alongside the University of Indonesia (UI), which is included in the list of globally influential scientists.

The achievement of ITB faculty members in this list not only further acknowledges ITB’s achievements on a global scale but also opens up various opportunities for growth, innovation, and positive influence on national and international education.

This list encompasses over 100,000 scientists whose work is widely cited by other researchers, categorizing them as the most influential in the world. Scientists in this category are actively involved in research and consistently publish scientific works.

The global ranking was published by Prof. John PA Ioannidis, MD, Ph.D., from Stanford University, Jeroen Baas from Elsevier, and Kevin Boyack from SciTech Strategies. Various specific indicators were established to determine the most influential scientists globally.

According to Elsevier’s official website, there is a database of top-cited scientists providing standardized information related to citations, h-index, co-authorship, adjusted hm-index, citations for papers in different authorship positions, and composite indicators (c-score). The ranking of scientists on a global scale is based on a new formula proposed in an article in the reputable international journal PLOS Biology in 2020.

This new formula can precisely indicate faculty members who excel in producing their primary publications. Scientists included in this assessment have been classified into 22 scientific fields and 176 subfields. In the previous year, 2022, 98 researchers from various institutions and universities in Indonesia made it to the list of World’s Top 2% of Scientists in 2022, including 8 scientists from ITB.*

Nine professors from the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) who have been recognized in the global ranking as World’s Top 2% Scientists for the year 2023 include:

1. Prof. Ir. Tommy Firman, M.Sc., Ph.D., School of Architecture, Planning, and Development (SAPPK) ITB.

2. Prof. Ir. I Gede Wenten, M.Sc., Ph.D., Faculty of Industrial Technology (FTI) ITB.

3. Prof. Dr. Ferry Iskandar, M.Eng., Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) ITB.

4. Prof. Brian Yuliarto, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D., Faculty of Industrial Technology (FTI) ITB.

5. Prof. Dr. Ir. Suwarno, M.T., School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (STEI) ITB.

6. Dr. Rudi Dungani, S.Hut., M.Si., School of Life Sciences and Technology (SITH) ITB.

7. Prof. Dr.apt. Heni Rachamawati, S.Si., M.Si., School of Pharmacy (SF) ITB.

8. (The late) Prof. Dr. Ir. Pekik Argo Dahono, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (STEI) ITB.

9. Prof. Trio Adiono, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (STEI) ITB.

Prime Time for Research and Innovation

In December 20th, 2023, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) organized the Research, Innovation, and Community Service Exhibition (PRIMA), showcasing research outcomes, innovative endeavors, and community engagement initiatives undertaken throughout the year. PRIMA 2023 featured a diverse array of research findings, innovative projects, and community service endeavors conducted by ITB.

THIS event series included exhibitions and talk shows centered around themes such as “Creating Excellent Community Service at ITB through Synergy and Collaboration” and “Grasping the Future: Research Innovations for Industrial Sustainability.” PRIMA presented a total of 700 contributions spanning across various research, innovation, and community service domains, representing contributions from 12 faculties/ schools, 32 research centers/technology hubs of excellence, 3 key institutions (LPPM, LPIK, and LPIT), and Ditmawa.

Seven awards were conferred upon individuals and entities including the Best Researcher Lecturer, Most Productive Community Service Implementer, Most

Distinguished Community Service Implementer, Best Kerma Implementer, Best Innovator, Best Young Innovator, and Best Center/Research Center, all of which have brought prestige to ITB. ITB remains committed to advancing initiatives aimed at fortifying its standing and impact, both academically and within society. These initiatives encompass Research, Innovation, and Community Service. Within the framework of these objectives, scientific research emerges as a pivotal and indispensable element. A robust research culture constitutes an integral aspect of academic life at ITB. The fostering and fortification of such a research culture represent ongoing endeavors essential for the realization of ITB’s distinguished scientific ethos.

PRIMA ITB 2023

“To enhance our Excellent Scientific Culture, our aim is to cultivate an environment where research becomes an inherent part of the daily routine for the academic community. Scientific endeavors must adhere to rigorous scientific principles, and the cultivation of this culture should become ingrained as a habitual practice. Moreover, excellence entails a commitment to consistently produce top-quality work and not to rest on laurels upon achieving initial success,” stated Prof. Reini Wirahadikusumah, Ph.D., the Rector of ITB, during his address.

There exist diverse approaches to fostering this distinguished scientific culture, including the increased dissemination of various scientific works generated by researchers, the promotion of public comprehension of science and technology, and the expansion of ITB’s collaborations with diverse societal stakeholders to enhance and leverage works, research, and innovations, aligning with ITB’s vision of being recognized both locally and globally,” she elaborated.

According to data from Times Higher Education (THE) in 2023, ITB stands as the Indonesian university with the most extensive utilization of its research output in the industrial sector. Additionally, ITB holds the distinction of being the first Indonesian university to register international patents via the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

In terms of research recognition, nine lecturers from ITB are included in the prestigious Top 2% Scientist in the World: Single Year Impact 2023 list, curated by Prof. John P. A. Ioannidis, M.D., Ph.D. from Stanford University, along with Jeroen Baas from Elsevier and Kevin Boyak from SciTech Strategies.

Moreover, the frequency of ITB’s publications, particularly in top-tier journals, demonstrates a consistent upward trend. This achievement instills a sense of pride within ITB, as it stands shoulder to shoulder with esteemed researchers on the global platform. Such acknowledgment reinforces ITB’s aspiration to be recognized as a globally esteemed academic institution.

In the realm of innovation, ITB’s

accomplishments have yielded a plethora of inventive research initiatives and endeavors that have proven advantageous to both society and industry. These innovations are effectively commercialized through various channels, including the establishment of startup enterprises, collaborative ventures, and the licensing of intellectual property to industrial entities.

Presently, ITB has nurtured over 245 startups, with several of them having already remitted royalties to ITB through the utilization of patented technologies. Additionally, in 2023, ITB introduced the CoRE (Co-creation Research of Entrepreneurship) program, conducted in partnership with PT Pertamina (Persero), under the appellation Pertamina CoRE ITB. This initiative entails guiding startups through their developmental phases, from pre-incubation to incubation, employing problem-based learning methodologies. The Pertamina CoRE ITB initiative has attracted participation from 306 students representing 25 universities across Indonesia and has facilitated the establishment of 40 startups operating within the energy sector and its related domains.

In terms of community service, ITB’s outreach efforts are expanding to encompass the borders of the Republic of Indonesia and the 3T regions (Underdeveloped, Frontier, and

Outermost), in collaboration with the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration. These community service endeavors are focused on the 3T regions of Eastern Indonesia, including the remote islands in the eastern part of the country such as Morotai Island, the Sula Islands, South Central Timor Island, North Central Timor Island, Alor Island, Sabu Raijua Island, Rote Ndau Island, among others.

The LPPM at ITB has developed the DESANESHA Application, which serves as a platform to facilitate communication between village leaders and ITB experts, enabling the application of science and technology to enhance Village Development Indicators (IDM). Additionally, community service endeavors are systematically documented and disseminated through various national mass media channels, including the publication of a book titled “Excellent Scientific Culture for SDGs: Empowering Technology”.

Furthermore, ITB recognizes the contributions of researchers, innovators, and individuals who bring distinction to the institution through various awards. In concluding remarks, Prof. Reini expressed hope for the continued advancement of ITB’s endeavors, emphasizing their significance not only for the institution itself but also for the advancement of the nation.*