Recent changes in regulations: Section 1514: The Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (Standards Board) updated the marking of personal protective equipment, and clarifying that all personal protective equipment must comply with applicable standards regardless if it is employee or employer provided. This amendment is in effect April 1, 2015. Section 1903: An exception allowing in-flight emergencies to §1903(f) regarding prepared landing sites was filed. This exception is in effect January 2, 2015. Section 1598, 1599: This section was updated to incorporate the “California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways” in §1598(a) and §1599(a). This amendment was in effect beginning July 1, 2014. Section 1504, 1929 (added), 1930, 1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936: The definitions, classifications, and requirements of “Combustible Liquid” and “Flammable Liquid” were revised and updated as necessary. These liquids no longer have “Class I, II, or III” combustible liquids. These liquids are now classified in Categories 1-4. This amendment was operative beginning May 6, 2014. Section 1529, App. K, 1532, 1532.1, 1532.2, 1535, : TThe Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (Standards Board) updated the language of these standards to comply with Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals for Hazard Communication. This amendment was effective starting May 6, 2014. Section 2940.2, 2940.7: The requirements for live-line work were updated, including distances for safe working and crane and derrick usage. These updates were effective July 1, 2014. Section 1520: This section regarding hand protection was repealed effective July 1, 2014. Section 1533: The requirements for combustion engines in enclosed spaces were revised. These updates were effective October 1, 2013. Section 1933: The installation of sprinkler systems was updated in §1933(d). This update was effective October 1, 2013.
Disclaimer Although the author and publisher of this book have made every effort to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the information contained herein, the author and publisher assume no liability with respect to loss or damage caused by or alleged to be caused by reliance on any information contained herein and disclaim any and all warranties, expressed or implied.
TOC Table of Contents
Table of Contents Division 1 - Department of Industrial Relations
Article 11 - Vehicles, Traffic Control, Flaggers, Barricades, and Warning Signs 98 §1597 - §1599
Article 12 - Pile Driving and Pile Extraction
98
§1600 - §1601
Article 13 - Work Over or Near Water
Chapter 4 - Division of Industrial Safety 1
99
§1602 - §1603.1
Article 14 - Construction Hoists
100
§1604 - §1605.21
Article 15 - Cranes and Derricks in Construction.
118
§1610 - §1619.5
Article 16 - Railings
Subchapter 4 - Construction Safety Orders Article 1 - Introduction
Article 17 - Ramps, Runways, Stairwells, and Stairs 1
§1502
Article 2 - Definitions
1
§1504 - §1505
Article 3 - General
7
§1509 - §1527
Article 4 - Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors, and Gases
10 78
§1538
Article 6 - Excavations
78
§1539 - §1543
Article 7 - Bins, Bunkers, Hoppers, and Material Storage
§1590 - §1596
Article 18 - Access and Egress
150
§1629 - §1630
Article 19 - Floor, Roof, and Wall Openings 150 §1632 - §1633
Article 20 - Temporary Floors
151
Article 21 - Scaffolds — General Requirements
152
§1637
Article 22 - Scaffolds — Various Types
154
§1640 - §1655
Article 23 - Suspended Scaffolds
159
§1658 - §1667
93
Article 24 - Fall Protection
162
§1669 - §1671.2
§1548 - §1549
Article 10 - Haulage and Earth Moving
149
§1623 - §1626
§1635 151
§1528 - §1537
Article 5 - Rock Drilling
148
§1620 - §1621
93
Article 25 - Ladders
164
§1675 - §1676
TOC
i
Article 27 - Powder-Actuated Tools
165
§1684 - §1692
Article 28 - Miscellaneous Construction Tools and Equipment
166 168
182 184
§1734 - §1736 185
Article 32 - Oxygen, Acetylene, and Fuel Gas
186
187 187
§1801
Article 35 - Helicopter Operations
187
§1900 - §1909
Article 36 - Fire Protection and Prevention
228
Article 16 - Open Wiring on Insulators
228
§2420.3 - §2420.7
Article 45 - Cabinets, Boxes, and Fittings
229
§2473.1 - §2473.2
229
§2480.3 - §2480.9
Article 48 - Switchboards and Panelboards
229
§2484.3 - §2484.24
§1760
Article 34 - Nonionizing Radiation
Article 15 - Cable Trays
Article 47 - Switches [Repealed]
§1740 - §1743
Article 33 - Electrical Requirements for Construction Work
227
§2418.2 - §2418.6
§1723 - §1731
Article 31 - Demolition
Article 13 - Temporary Wiring §2405.1 - §2405.4
§1709 - §1722.1
Article 30 - Roofing Operations and Equipment
227
§2400.1 - §2400.2
§1693 - §1707
Article 29 - Erection and Construction
Article 12 - Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment for General Use.
188
§1920 - §1938
Article 48.1 - Enclosures for Damp or Wet Locations
230
§2485.1 - §2485.2
Article 49 - Flexible Cords and Cables
230
§2500.7 - §2500.25
Article 50 - Fixture Wires
230
§2505.2 - §2505.12
Article 51 - Lighting Fixtures, Lampholders, Lamps and Receptacles
230
§2510.1 - §2510.58
Subchapter 5 - Electrical Safety Orders Group 1 – Low-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders Article 1 - Definitions
213
§2300
Article 2 - Administration
217
§2305.1 - §2305.4
Article 3 - Work Procedures
Article 5 - Use and Identification of Grounded and Grounding Conductors
Article 8 - Outdoor Wiring
Article 57 - Transformers and Transformer Vaults (Including Secondary Ties)
222
Article 58 - Capacitors
223
Article 58.1. - Storage Batteries
223
Article 59 - Hazardous (Classified) Locations
223
Article 60 - Oil and Gas Wells
224
Article 69 - Places of Assembly
§2380.1
Article 10 - Overcurrent Protection §2390.1 - §2390.81
Article 11 - Grounding §2395.1 - §2395.114
ii
TOC
232
§2526.1 - §2526.50
222
§2375.1 - §2375.25
Article 9 - Services
Article 54 - Fixed Outdoor Electric De-Icing and Snow Melting Equipment
Article 56 - Motors, Motor Circuits and Controllers
§2360.1 - §2360.5
232
§2524.1 - §2524.65
219
§2350.2
Article 6 - Branch Circuits
Article 53 - Fixed Electric Space Heating Equipment
Article 55 - Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines and Vessels
§2340.1 - §2340.27
231
§2522.2 - §2522.32
218
§2320.1 - §2320.10
Article 4 - Requirements for Electrical Installations
Article 52 - Appliances
232
§2527.1 - §2527.55
233
§2530.4 - §2530.121
234
§2533.1 - §2533.2
234
§2534.2 - §2534.8
234
§2535.1
234
§2540.1 - §2540.11
240
§2548.21 - §2548.26 §2551.1 - §2551.3
244
Article 70 - Theaters and Similar Locations
244
§2552.1 - §2552.72
245
§2553.1 - §2553.66
Article 72 - Motion Picture Projectors
247 247
§2561.1 - §2561.55
Article 74.1 - Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Wheelchair Lifts, and Stairway Chair Lifts 248 §2562.1 - §2562.7
Article 75 - Electric Welders
248
§2563.22 - §2563.33
Article 76 - Sound Recording and Similar Equipment
248
248 249
249
249
250 250
§2571.1 - §2571.30
Article 82 - Electrolytic Systems
250
§2580.1 - §2580.6
Article 83 - Electrolytic Cells
251
§2583.1 - §2583.8
Article 84 - Carnivals, Circuses, Fairs, and Similar Events
251
§2587.1 - §2587.5
Article 5 - Grounding of Systems and Circuits
263
§2734 - §2738
263
§2739.0 - §2743
265
§2745.0 - §2751
265
§2752 - §2754.2
266
Article 10 - Conduit
266
Article 11 - Metal-Enclosed Bus
267
§2764 - §2773
Article 12 - Continuous Rigid Cable Supports (Cable Trays)
267
§2775 - §2779
Article 13 - Metal-Clad Cable
268
§2781 - §2787.1
Article 14 - Portable (Flexible) Cable
268
§2789 - §2795
Article 15 - Temporary Wiring
268
§2796 - §2799.6
269
§2801 - §2803
Article 17 - Enclosures For Electrical Installations
269
252
Article 18 - Conductors
252
Article 19 - Outdoor Wiring
253
Article 20 - Interrupting and Isolating Devices 272
§2586.1 - §2586.4
Article 87 - Communications Systems
262
§2719 - §2732
§2805 - §2813
§2585.1 - §2585.3
Article 86 - Fire Alarm Systems
Article 4 - Service and Service Entrance Equipment
Article 16 - Vertical Suspension of Cables
§2584.1 - §2584.8
Article 85 - Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits
260
§2710 - §2718.1
§2760 - §2762
§2569.1 - §2569.51
Article 80 - Emergency Power Systems
Article 3 - General
§2755 - §2758
§2568.2 - §2568.16
Article 79 - Swimming Pools, Fountains and Similar Installations
260
§2703 -§2709
Article 9 - Open Wiring (Bare)
§2567.1 - §2567.3
Article 78 - Electrically Driven or Controlled Irrigation Machines
Article 2 - Administration
Article 8 - Cabinets, Boxes, and Fittings
§2566.1 - §2566.3
Article 77.2 - Induction and Dielectric Heating Equipment
255
Article 7 - General Requirements — Wiring Methods
§2565.2 - §2565.3
Article 77.1 - X-Ray Equipment
Article 1 - Definitions
Article 6 - Grounding
§2564.1 - §2564.6
Article 77 - Information Technology Equipment
253
§2589.1 - §2589.2
§2700 255
§2560.2 - §2560.10
Article 74 - Cranes and Hoists
Article 89 - Integrated Electrical Systems
Group 2 – High-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders 246
§2554.1 - §2554.50
Article 73 - Electric Signs and Outline Lighting
253
§2588.1 - §2588.3
270
§2815 - §2821
271
§2823 - §2831 272 §2832 - §2855
TOC
iii
TOC Table of Contents
Article 71 - Motion-Picture Studios and Similar Locations
Article 88 - Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Article 26 - Metal-Enclosed Power Switchgear and Industrial Control Assemblies
274
§2857 - §2871
Article 27 - Transformers
275
Article 38 - Line Clearance Tree Trimming Operations Article 39 - Signs and Outline Lighting — Exceeding 600 Volts
§2873 - §2878
Article 28 - Rotating Machinery and Its Control Apparatus
276 278
§2887 - §2894
Article 30 - Resistors and Reactors
278
Article 40 - Electronic News Gathering
291
§2980 - §2983
Article 41 - Communications Systems
293
§2985.0 - §2985.2
Article 42 - Induction and Dielectric Heating Equipment
§2896 - §2898
Article 31 - Lightning Arresters
291
§2970 - §2974
§2880 - §2885
Article 29 - Capacitors
290
§2950 - §2951
293
§2987.0 - §2987.1
279
Article 43 - Integrated Electrical Systems
§2900 - §2904
293
§2989.0 - §2989.1
Article 32 - Mobile and Portable Equipment 279 §2906 - §2912
Article 33 - Mine and Tunnel Installations
279
Cal/OSHA District Offices Directory
295
Repealed/Renumbered Sections
296
Index
297
§2914 - §2923
Article 34 - Hazardous (Classified) Locations 280 §2925 280
Article 35 - Workspace and Guarding
280
§2930 - §2936
Article 36 - Work Procedures and Operating Procedures
281
§2940 - §2945
Article 37 - Provisions for Preventing Accidents Due to Proximity to Overhead Lines §2946 - §2949
iv
TOC
289
Construction Safety Orders
Chapter 4 - Division of Industrial Safety Subchapter 4 - Construction Safety Orders Article 1 Introduction
Article 2 Definitions §1504 Definitions. (a) The following definitions shall apply in the application of these Orders. Access. A means of reaching a workspace or a work area. Accessible. Within reach from a workspace or work area. Adequate Ventilation. Ventilation which, under normal operating conditions, is sufficient to keep the concentration of a hazardous gas, vapor, mist, fume or dust below the amount which will produce harmful effects or below 20 percent of the lower explosive limit, whichever is lower. Anchorage. A secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices. Approved. See Section 1505. Body Belt. A simple or compound strap with means for securing it about the waist and for securing a lanyard to it. Body Harness. Straps which may be secured about the employee in a manner that will distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders with means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system. Buckle. Any device for holding the body belt or body harness closed around the employee's body. Bulldozer. A tractor having a blade in front for moving earth or other materials. Bull Float. A tool used to spread out and smooth a concrete surface. Carryall. A self-loading and unloading vehicle pulled by a tractor or powered attachment, and used for movement and placing of earth or other materials. Certified Safety Professional or CSP. A safety professional who has met education and experience standards, has demonstrated by examination the knowledge that applies to professional safety practice, continues to meet recertification requirements established by the Board of Certified Safety Professionals (BCSP), and is authorized by BCSP to use the Certified Safety Professional designation. Closed Container. A container as herein defined, so sealed by means of a lid or other device that neither liquid nor vapor will escape from it at ordinary temperatures. Combustible Liquid. A liquid having a flash point greater than 199.4°F (93°C) (formerly designated Class IIIB Combustible liquids). Competent Person. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Connector. A device which is used to couple (connect) parts of the personal fall arrest system and positioning device systems together. It may be an independent component of the system, such as a carabiner, or it may be an integral component of part of the system (such as a buckle or dee-ring sewn into a body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or selfretracting lanyard). Contaminant. A harmful, irritating or nuisance material that is foreign to the environment. Note: For definition of "harmful exposure" refer to Section 5140 of General Industry Safety Orders.
Controlled Access Zone (CAZ). An area in which certain work may take place without the use of guardrails, personal fall arrest systems, or safety nets and access to the zone is controlled. Coon. To straddle and move horizontally on a beam while walking on the bottom flanges. Crawling Board (Chicken Ladder). A plank with cleats spaced and secured at equal intervals and used by workers on roofs as a means of access. Dangerous Equipment. Equipment (such as pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units, machinery, electrical equipment, and other construction related equipment such as hoppers and conveyors) which, as a result of form or function, may be hazardous to employees who fall onto or into such equipment. Deceleration Device. Any mechanism, such as a rope grab, ripstitch lanyard, specially-woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyards, automatic self-retracting lifelines/lanyards, etc., which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest. Deceleration Distance. The additional vertical distance a falling employee travels, excluding lifeline elongation and free fall distance, before stopping, from the point at which the deceleration device begins to operate. It is measured as the distance between the location of an employee's body belt or body harness attachment point at the moment of activation (at the onset of fall arrest forces) of the deceleration device during a fall, and the location of that attachment point after the employee comes to a full stop. Defect. Any characteristic or condition which tends to weaken or reduce the strength or the safety of the tool, machine, object, or structure of which it is a part. Division. The current Division of Occupational Safety and Health or any of its predecessors including the former Division of Industrial Safety or the Division of Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Reference to the former Division of Industrial Safety or Division of Occupational Safety and Health Administration in these Orders is meant to refer to their successor, the Division of Occupational Safety and Health, or any subsequent successor agency. Drop Line (Safety Line). A vertical line from a fixed anchorage, independent of the work surface, to which the lanyard is affixed. Elevator, Construction. Any means used to hoist persons or material of any kind on a building under course of construction, when operated within guides, by any power other than muscular power. Emergency Medical Services. (A) Appropriately Trained Person. A physician or registered nurse currently licensed in California or a person possessing a current certificate (training within the past three years or as specifically stated on the certificate) from the American National Red Cross or equivalent training that can be likewise verified. Acceptable Red Cross certificates are those from the Standard First-Aid Multimedia, Standard First Aid and Personal Safety, or Advanced First Aid and Emergency Care courses. Note: Equivalent training includes, but is not limited to, training which is equivalent to that provided by the American National Red Cross, or training required for certification as mobile intensive care paramedics as provided under Chapter 2.5, Article 3, Sections 1480 through 1484.4 of the California Health and Safety Code; and, courses that are given by nationally recognized voluntary health organizations, official agencies, such as Mine Safety and Health Administration, or accredited teaching institutions.
(B) Emergency Medical Services. The communications, transportation and medical and related services, such as first aid, rendered in response to the individual need for immediate medical care in order to reduce or prevent suffering and disability and reduce the incidence of death. (C) First Aid. The recognition of, and prompt care for injury or sudden illness prior to the availability of medical care by licensed health-care personnel. Employer. (A) The State and every State agency. (B) Each county, city, district, and all public and quasi-public corporations and public agencies therein. (C) Every person including any public service corporation which has any natural person in service. (D) The legal representative of any deceased employer. Excavation, Trenches, Earthwork. (A) Bank. A mass of soil rising above a digging level. (B) Exploration Shaft. A shaft created and used for the purpose of obtaining subsurface data.
1
1 Introduction
§1502 Application. (a) These Orders establish minimum safety standards whenever employment exists in connection with the construction, alteration, painting, repairing, construction maintenance, renovation, removal, or wrecking of any fixed structure or its parts. These Orders also apply to all excavations not covered by other safety orders for a specific industry or operation. (b) At construction projects, these Orders take precedence over any other general orders that are inconsistent with them, except for Tunnel Safety Orders or the Pressurized Worksite Standards in Article 154 of the General Industry Safety Orders. (c) Machines, equipment, processes, and operations not specifically covered by these Orders shall be governed by other applicable general Safety Orders.
§1504 (a)
§1504
Construction Safety Orders (C) Geotechnical Specialist (GTS). A person registered by the State as a Certified Engineering Geologist, or a Registered Civil Engineer trained in soil mechanics, or an engineering geologist or civil engineer with a minimum of 3 years applicable experience working under the direct supervision of either a Certified Engineering Geologist or Registered Civil Engineer. (D) Hard Compact (as it applies to Section 1542). All earth material not classified as running soil. (E) Lagging. Boards which are joined, side-by-side, lining an excavation. (F) Running Soil (as it applies to Section 1542). Earth material where the angle of repose is approximately zero, as in the case of soil in a nearly liquid state, or dry, unpacked sand which flows freely under slight pressure. Running material also includes loose or disturbed earth that can only be contained with solid sheeting. (G) Shaft. An excavation under the earth's surface in which the depth, is much greater than its cross-sectional dimensions such as those formed to serve as wells, cesspools, certain foundation footings, and under streets, railroads, buildings, etc. Exhaust Retrofit. An emission control device installed on a vehicle after the vehicle's manufacture, including, but not limited to, modified or added sections of exhaust pipe that connects the emission control device to the engine. Exit. Exit is a continuous and unobstructed means of egress to a public way, and shall include intervening doors, doorways, corridors, exterior exit balconies, ramps, stairways, smoke-proof enclosures, horizontal exits, exit passageways, exit courts, and yards. Failure. Load refusal, breakage, or separation of component parts. Load refusal is the point where the ultimate strength is exceeded. Falsework and Shoring for Concrete Construction. Temporary formwork and vertical shoring, etc., to support concrete and placing operations for supported slabs of concrete structures. Fire Area. An area of a building separated from the remainder of the building by construction having a fire resistance of at least 1 hour and having all communicating openings properly protected by an assembly having a fire resistance rating of at least 1 hour. Fire Extinguishers, Portable. (A) Portable fire extinguishers are classified for use on certain classes of fires and rated for relative extinguishing effectiveness at a temperature of plus 70° Fahrenheit by nationally recognized testing laboratories. This is based upon the classification of fires and the fire-extinguishment potentials as determined by fire tests. (B) The classification and rating system described in this standard is that used by Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., and Underwriters' Laboratories of Canada and is based on extinguishing preplanned fires of determined size and description as follows: 1. Class A Rating. Wood and excelsior. 2. Class B Rating. Two-inch depth n-heptane fires in square pans. 3. Class C Rating. No fire test. Agent must be a nonconductor of electricity. 4. Class D Rating. Special tests on specific combustible metal fires. Fires. (A) Class A. Fires in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics. (B) Class B. Fires in flammable liquids, gases, and greases. (C) Class C. Fires which involve energized electrical equipment where the electrical nonconductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance. (When electrical equipment is de-energized, extinguishers for Class A or B fires may be used safely.) (D) Class D. Fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, and potassium. Flammable Liquid. Any liquid having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 pounds per square inch (absolute) at 100°F (37.8°C) and having a flashpoint at or below 199.4°F (93°C). Flammable liquids are divided into four categories as follows: (A) Category 1 shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73.4°F (23°C) and having a boiling point at or below 95°F (35°C). (B) Category 2 shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73.4°F (23°C) and having a boiling point above 95°F (35°C). (C) Category 3 shall include liquids having flashpoints at or above 73.4°F (23°C) and at or below 140°F (60°C). (D) Category 4 shall include liquids having flashpoints above 140°F (60°C) and at or below 199.4°F (93°C).
2
Flash point of the liquid. The temperature at which it gives off vapor sufficient to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface of the liquid or within the vessel used as determined by appropriate test procedure and apparatus as specified below. (A) The flashpoint of liquids having a viscosity less than 45 Saybolt Universal Second(s) at 100°F (37.8°C) and a flashpoint below 175°F (79.4°C) shall be determined in accordance with the Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester, ASTM D-56-05, which is incorporated herein by reference, or an equivalent method as defined by Section 5194 Appendix B. (B) The flashpoints of liquids having a viscosity of 45 Saybolt Universal Second(s) or more at 175°F (79.4°C) or higher shall be determined in accordance with the Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, ASTM D93-08, which is incorporated herein by reference, or an equivalent method as defined by Section 5194 Appendix B. Floor Area. The area included within the surrounding exterior walls of a building or portion thereof, exclusive of vent shafts and courts. The floor area of a building, or portion thereof, not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above. Free Fall. The act of falling before a personal fall arrest system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. Free Fall Distance. The vertical displacement of the fall arrest attachment point on the employee's body belt or body harness between onset of the fall and just before the system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. This distance excludes deceleration distance, and lifeline/lanyard elongation, but includes any deceleration device slide distance or self-retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before they operate and fall arrest forces occur. Grade (Adjacent Ground Elevation). The lowest point of elevation of the finished surface of the ground, paving or sidewalk, within the area between the building and the property line, or when the property line is more than 5 feet from the building, between the building and a line 5 feet from the building. Guardrail. (See Railing) Guy. A line that steadies a mast or structure by pulling against an off-center load. Handrail. A rail used to provide employees with a handhold for support. Haulage Vehicle, as used in these Orders. A self-propelled vehicle including its trailer, used to transport materials on construction projects. The term "haulage vehicle" includes trucks, truck and trailer combinations, and all other similar equipment used for haulage. Hazardous Substance. One which by reason of being explosive, flammable, extremely flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritant, or otherwise harmful is likely to cause injury. Helicopter. A rotary wing aircraft which depends principally for its support and motion in the air upon the lift generated by one or more powerdriven rotors, rotating on substantially vertical axes. It can hover, fly backward and sideways, in addition to forward flight. (The following definitions (A) through (K) apply to helicopter operations only.): (A) Automatic Release Device. A mechanism for releasing the load without deliberate action by the pilot or crewmen. (B) Dangerous Materials. Explosives, flammables, oxidizing materials, corrosive liquids, compressed gases, poisons, radioactive materials, or a combination of other materials which could produce dangerous material. (C) Dust Control. The control of dust by use of water or other materials. (D) Emergency. Human lifesaving or protective operation. (E) External Load (Helicopter). A cargo which is not contained wholly within the fuselage of the aircraft. (F) Ground Crew (Helicopter). Those employees not on board the helicopter who are directly involved with helicopter operations. (G) Heliport. An area used for regular helicopter landings and takeoffs. (H) Line Stringing Operation (Helicopter). The placing of any line (power, communication, or other line, including the pulling line) between two or more points by pulling it with an airborne helicopter. This does not include towers, poles, or coiled lines transported as a unit. (I) Passenger (Helicopter). A person to be transported who is not a member of the helicopter crew. (J) Practicable. Means capable of being accomplished by reasonably available and workable means. (K) Sling Load (Helicopter). An external load carried below or partly below the level of the landing gear.
Article 2 - Definitions
Loading Device. A mobile mechanical-powered machine of the skip loader type used for picking up materials and loading or dumping them into haulage vehicles, bins, or hoppers, excluding boom-type excavators and endless belt or chain conveyors. Lower Levels. Those areas or surfaces to which an employee can fall. Such areas or surfaces include, but are not limited to, ground levels, floors, platforms, ramps, runways, excavations, pits, tanks, material, water, equipment, structures, or portions thereof. Lumber. (A) Douglas Fir or Equivalent. "Selected lumber" or other suitable material of proper size, having strength at least equal to the specified Douglas fir members. (B) Selected Lumber. Douglas fir that has been graded under standards as high as those followed by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau or by the Western Wood Products Association as suitable for a bending stress of 1,500 psi. (C) Structural Plank. 1. Douglas fir graded for scaffold plank use and which has an allowable bending stress of at least 2,200 pounds per square inch (psi). Select structural scaffold plank, as described in Paragraph 171-b of the January 1, 2000 Standard Grading Rules No. 17, published by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau and Scaffold No. 2 as described in Paragraph 58.12 of the 1998 Edition of the Western Lumber Grading Rules published by the Western Wood Products Association, satisfy this definition. 2. Southern Pine graded for scaffold plank use that meets the Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine, effective July 1, 2002, Section 501 for Dense Industrial 72 Scaffold Plank and Section 502 for Dense Industrial 65 Scaffold Plank. 3. Other solid sawn wood planking graded as scaffold plank that meets the scaffold plank grading rules of an agency approved by the American Lumber Standards Committee for the species of wood used. (D) Size. Unless otherwise stated, the lumber sizes referred to in these Orders mean nominal sizes and thus include both the rough and dressed members of those nominal sizes. Mast Tower. A single vertical member on which a cantilevered platform, suitable for carrying material, may be moved up and down. Material Hoist. A hoist for raising and lowering materials only, with the hoisting of persons being prohibited. (A) Cage. The load-carrying unit, consisting of a platform and enclosure, and including a top as well as walls. (B) Cantilevered Hoist Tower. A hoist tower in which the platform, cage, or bucket travels on guide rails that are generally an integral part of the vertical tower member(s) and in a vertical plane, outboard from the tower member. (C) Equivalent. An alternate design, feature, device, or protective action which provides an equal degree of safety. (D) Hoistway. A shaft way for the travel of one or more platforms, cages, or buckets. It includes the pit and terminates at the underside of the beam at the top of the tower or structure. (E) Inside Hoists. Hoistways contained entirely within the building being served, which sometimes use the building structure itself for the support of the top beams, guide rails, and appurtenant parts necessary for the proper functioning of the platform. (F) Load. The total superimposed weight on the hoist platform or bucket. (G) Platform. The load-carrying unit, including the frame, which directly supports the load. (H) Rated Load. The maximum load for which the material hoist is designed and built by the manufacturer and which is shown on the equipment nameplate(s). (I) Rated Speed. The speed at which the platform, cage, or bucket is designed to operate in the up direction with a rated load in or on the load-carrying unit. (J) Rope. Refers to wire rope only. (K) Tower. The primary structure which forms the hoistway for the travel of the platform, cage, or bucket, and which provides the support for the top beams, guide rails, and other appurtenant parts necessary for the operation of such units. Mechanical Equipment. All motor or human propelled wheeled equipment used for roofing work, except wheelbarrows and mopcarts. Midrail. A rail approximately midway between the top rail and platform, that is secured to the uprights erected along the exposed sides and ends of platforms.
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2 Definitions
Hole. Any opening in a floor or platform, which is smaller than an opening. Jacking Operation. The task of lifting a slab (or group of slabs) vertically from one location to another (e.g., from the casting location to a temporary (parked) location, or from a temporary location to another temporary location, or to its final location in the structure), during the construction of a building/ structure where the liftslab process is being used. Jobsite vehicle. A vehicle which is operated on a jobsite exclusively and is excluded from the provisions of applicable traffic and vehicular codes, and haulage and earthmoving vehicles regulated by the provisions of Article 10 of these Orders. Ladders. (A) Ladder. A device other than a ramp or stairway, designed for use in ascending or descending at an angle with the horizontal. A ladder is intended to be stationary while in service and consists of two side pieces called siderails, joined at short intervals by crosspieces called steps, rungs or cleats. (B) Ladder, Double Cleat. A ladder that is similar to a single cleat ladder, but is wider, with an additional center rail which will allow for two-way traffic for workers in ascending and descending. (C) Ladder, Extension. A ladder consisting of two or more sections, with guides or brackets so arranged that the ladder may be adjusted to different lengths by sliding and locking the movable section or sections. (D) Ladder, Extension Trestle. A ladder consisting of an "A" or trestle ladder with an additional single ladder, which is supported in a vertical position by the "A" ladder. (E) Ladder, Fixed. A ladder permanently fastened to a structure. (F) Ladder, Jacob's ladder. A ladder having rigid rungs suspended between two vertical chain or wire rope stringers, instead of the rigid side rails used on fixed or portable ladders. (G) Ladder, Job-built. A ladder that is fabricated by employees, typically at the construction site, and is not commercially manufactured. (H) Ladder, Portable. A ladder, not permanently fixed in place, which may be used at various locations. (I) Ladder, Single-rail. A portable ladder with rungs, cleats, or steps mounted on a single rail instead of the normal two rails used on most other ladders. (J) Ladder, Steps. Either rungs, treads, or cleats. (K) Ladder, Stepladder. A ladder having treads and so constructed as to be self-supporting. (L) Ladder, Step stool. A self-supporting, collapsible, portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, 32 inches or less in overall size, with flat steps and without a pail shelf, designed to be climbed on the ladder top cap as well as all steps. The rails may continue above the top cap. (M) Ladder, Trestle or "A". A ladder consisting of two special, single ladders hinged together at the top to form equal angles with the surface on which they stand. Lanyard. A flexible line to secure a wearer of a safety belt or harness to a drop line, lifeline, or fixed anchorage. Leading Edge. The edge of a floor, roof, or formwork for a floor or other walking/working surface (such as the deck) which changes location as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork sections are placed, formed, or constructed. A leading edge is considered to be an "unprotected side and edge" during periods when it is not actively and continuously under construction. Lifeline. A horizontal line (i.e. catenary line) between two fixed anchorages, independent of the work surface, to which the lanyard is secured either by tying off or by means of a suitable sliding connection. For the purposes of these orders, lifelines may be vertical as well as horizontal (i.e. when used with a body harness). Lift-Slab. An operation whereby a concrete slab is lifted into an elevated position by means of jacks located above the slab on columns or other supporting members. Limited Access Zone. An area alongside a masonry wall which is under construction and which is clearly demarcated to limit access by employees. Linemen's Body Belt. A leather or web (cotton or nylon) belt designed specifically for employees working on poles. It consists of a waist belt, generally cushioned, with a front buckle, two D rings for attaching safety straps and a multiple-looped strap for holding, rings, snaphooks, holsters and other tool holding devices. Liquid. As applied to flammable and combustible liquids means any material which has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration asphalt when tested in accordance with ASTM Test for Penetration for Bituminous Materials, D-5-7.1.
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Construction Safety Orders Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL). A laboratory which has been recognized by the Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.7. O.D. O.D. means optical density and refers to the light refractive characteristics of a lens. Opening. An opening in any floor or platform, 12 inches or more in the least horizontal dimension. It includes: stairway floor openings, ladderway floor openings, hatchways and chute floor openings. Personal Fall Arrest System. A system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these. As of January 1, 1998, the use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited. Personal Fall Restraint System. A system used to prevent an employee from falling. It consists of anchorages, connectors, body belt/harness. It may include, lanyards, lifelines, and rope grabs designed for that purpose. Personal Fall Protection System. A personal fall protection system includes personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems, fall restraint systems, safety nets and guardrails. Personal Protective Equipment. Protection where modified by the words head, eye, body, hand, and foot, as required by the Orders in Subchapter 4, means the safeguarding obtained by means of safety devices and safeguards of the proper type for the exposure, and of such design, strength, and quality as to eliminate, preclude, or mitigate the hazard. Note: See "approved."
Personnel Hoist. A mechanism for use in connection with the construction, alteration, maintenance, or demolition of a building structure, or other work. It is used for hoisting and lowering workers or materials, or both, is equipped with a car that moves on guide members during its vertical movement, and includes its hoistway. (A) Buffer. A device used on construction elevators designed to stop a descending car or counterweight beyond its normal limit of travel by storing or by absorbing and dissipating the kinetic energy of the car or counterweight. 1. Buffer, Hydraulic. A buffer using fluid as a medium which absorbs and dissipates the kinetic energy of the descending car or counterweight. 2. Buffer Stroke, Hydraulic. The fluid-displacing movement of the buffer plunger or piston, excluding the travel of the buffer-plunger accelerating device. 3. Spring Buffer. A buffer which stores in a spring the kinetic energy of the descending car or counterweight. 4. Spring-Buffer Load Rating. The load required to compress the spring an amount equal to its stroke. 5. Spring-Buffer Stroke. The distance the contact end of the spring can move under a compressive load until all coils are essentially in contact. (B) Car (Cage). 1. Hoist Car. The load-carrying unit including its platform, car frame, enclosure, and car door or gate. 2. Car Door or Gate Electric Contact. An electrical device, the function of which is to prevent operation of the driving machine by the normal operating device unless the car door or gate is in the closed position. 3. Car Enclosure. The top and the walls of the car resting on, and attached to, the car platform. 4. Car Frame (Sling). The supporting frame to which the car platform, upper and lower sets of guide shoes, car safety, and the hoisting ropes or hoisting rope sheaves or other lifting mechanism are attached. 5. Car Platform. The structure which forms the floor of the car and which directly supports the load. (C) Clearance. 1. Bottom Car Clearance. The clear vertical distance from the pit floor (ground or foundation) to the lowest structural or mechanical part, equipment, or device installed beneath the car platform, except guide shoes or rollers, safety-jaw assemblies, and platform aprons or guards, when the car rests on its fully compressed buffers. 2. Top Car Clearance. The shortest vertical distance between the top of the car crosshead, or between the top of the car where no crosshead is provided, and the nearest part of the overhead structure, or any other obstruction, when the car floor is level with the top terminal landing.
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3. Top Counterweight Clearance. The shortest vertical distance between any part of the counterweight structure and the nearest part of the overhead structure, or any other obstruction, when the car floor is level with the bottom terminal landing. (D) Door or Gate. 1. Car or Hoistway Door Gate. The sliding portion of the car or the hinged or sliding portion in the hoistway enclosure which closes the opening, giving access to the car or to the landing. 2. Biparting Door. A vertically or horizontally sliding door consisting of two or more sections so arranged that the sections or groups of sections open away from each other and so interconnected that all sections operate simultaneously. 3. Manually Operated Door or Gate. A door or gate which is opened and closed by hand. (E) Emergency Stop Switch. A device located in the car which, when manually operated, causes the power to be removed from the driving-machine motor, thereby causing the brake to be applied. (F) Guide Members. Fixed vertical steel sections designed to prevent lateral movement of the car. Guide members may be standard elevator T-rails or other suitable sections. (G)Guide Shoes or Rollers. Devices attached to the car frame or counterweight which cause the car to be guided by the guide members. (H) Hoistway. A temporary shaftway; the space traveled by the car. 1. Hoistway Enclosure. The structure which isolates the hoistway from all other parts of the building and on which the hoistway doors or gates, and door or gate assemblies, are installed. 2. Hoistway-Door or Gate Interlock. A device having the following two related and interdependent functions which are: a. Preventing the operation of the driving machine by the normal operating device unless the hoistway door or gate is locked in the closed position and, b. Preventing the opening of the hoistway door or gate from the landing side unless the car is within the landing zone and is either stopped or being stopped. 3. Car Door or Gate Separate Mechanical Lock. A mechanical device, the function of which is to lock a car door or gate in the closed position as the car leaves the receiving landing and to prevent the door or gate from being opened unless the car is within the landing zone. 4. Hoistway Unit System. A series of hoistway-door or gate interlocks, the function of which is to prevent operation of the driving machine by the normal operating device unless all hoistway doors or gates are in the closed position and locked. (I) Landing. 1. Hoist Landing. That portion of a floor, balcony, or platform used to receive and discharge passengers or material. 2. Electric Driving Machine. A machine whose energy is applied by an electric motor. 3. Geared-Drive Machine. A direct-drive machine in which the energy is transmitted from the motor to the driving sheave, drum, or shaft through gearing. 4. Gearless Traction Machine. A traction machine without intermediate gearing, which has the traction sheave and the brake drum mounted directly on the motor shaft. 5. Rack and Pinion Machine. A machine in which the motion of a car is obtained by a power-driven rotating pinion, or pinions, mounted on the car, traveling on a stationary rack mounted on the supporting mast (tower). 6. Traction Machine. A machine in which the motion of a car is obtained through friction between the suspension ropes and a traction sheave. 7. Winding-Drum Machine. A geared-drive machine in which the hoisting ropes are fastened to, and wind on, a drum. 8. Worm-Geared Machine. A direct-drive machine in which the energy from the motor is transmitted to the driving sheave or drum through worm gearing. (K) Mast (Tower). A vertical structure which supports and guides the cart (and the counterweight and overhead when used) outside of the mast structure. (L) Operating Device. The car switch, push button, lever, or other manual device used to actuate the control.
Article 2 - Definitions
(H) Medium-Velocity Tool. A tool whose test velocity has been measured 10 times while utilizing the highest velocity combination of: 1. The lightest commercially available fastener designed for the tool. 2. The strongest commercially available power load that will properly chamber in the tool. 3. The piston designed for that tool and appropriate for that fastener that will produce an average test velocity from 10 tests in excess of 328 feet per second (100m/s) but not in excess of 492 feet per second (150m/s) with no single test having a velocity of 525 feet per second (160m/s). (I) Low-Velocity Tool. A tool whose test velocity has been measured 10 times while utilizing the highest velocity combination of: 1. The lightest commercially available fastener designed for the specific tool. 2. The strongest commercially available power load that will properly chamber in the tool. 3. The piston designed for that tool and appropriate for that fastener that will produce an average test velocity from the 10 tests not in excess of 328 feet per second (100m/s) with no single test having a velocity of over 354 feet per second (108m/s). (J) Misfire. A condition in which the power load fails to ignite after the tool has been operated. (K) Pole Tool Assembly. An attachment to a powder-actuated tool to facilitate remote operation. (L) Powder-Actuated Fastening System. A fastening system using a powder-actuated tool, a power load and a fastener. (M) Powder-Actuated Tool, also known as Tool. A tool that utilizes the expanding gases from a power load to drive a fastener. (N) Power Load. The energy source used in powder-actuated tools. (O) Shield. A device, attached to the muzzle end of a tool, which is designed to confine flying particles. (P) Spalled Area. A damaged and nonuniform concrete or masonry surface, such as one damaged by a blow or a previously unsuccessful fastening. (Q) Valid Operator's Card. A card issued by a qualified and authorized instructor which certifies the holder of the card has been trained in the proper operation of and is currently authorized to use the tool or tools specified on such card. Precast Concrete. Concrete members (such as walls, panels, slabs, columns, and beams) which have been formed, cast, and cured prior to final placement in a structure. Positioning Device System. A body belt or body harness system rigged to allow an employee to be supported on an elevated surface, such as a wall, and work with both hands free while leaning. Qualified Person, Attendant or Operator. A person designated by the employer who by reason of training, experience or instruction has demonstrated the ability to safely perform all assigned duties and, when required, is properly licensed in accordance with federal, state, or local laws and regulations. Radiant Energy. Energy that travels outward in all directions from its source. Railing. A barrier consisting of a top rail and a midrail secured to uprights and erected along the exposed sides and ends of platforms. Ramp. A surfaced sloping passageway connecting two different levels. Readily Available. Means in a location with no obstacles to prevent immediate acquisition for use. Reeving. A rope system in which the rope travels around drums and sheaves. Reshoring. The construction operation in which shoring equipment (also called reshores or reshoring equipment) is placed, as the original forms and shores are removed, in order to support partially cured concrete and construction loads. Roofing (or Bearer) Bracket. A bracket used in slope roof construction, having provisions for fastening over the ridge and secured to some suitable object. Rope. Refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified. Rope Grab. A deceleration device which travels on a lifeline and automatically, by friction, engages the lifeline and locks so as to arrest the fall of an employee. A rope grab usually employs the principle of inertial locking, cam/level locking, or both. ROPS. ROPS means roll-over protective structure.
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2 Definitions
(M) Operation. The method of actuating the control. 1. Car-Switch Operation. An operation wherein the movement and direction of travel of the car are directly and solely under the control of the operator by means of a manually operated car switch in the car. (N) Overhead Structure (Cathead). All of the structural members or platforms supporting the hoist machinery, sheaves, or equipment at the top of the hoistway. (O) Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere. An atmosphere containing oxygen at a concentration of less than 19.5 percent by volume. (P) Pit. That portion of a hoistway extending from the threshold level of the lowest landing door to the floor (ground or foundation) at the bottom of the hoistway. (Q) Rated Load. The load for which the hoist is designed and installed to lift at the rated speed. (R) Rated Speed. The speed in the up direction, with rated load in the car, at which a hoist is designed to operate. (S) Rope. Hoist wire ropes, governor wire ropes, and compensating wire ropes. (T) Runby. 1. Bottom Hoist-Car Runby. The distance between the carbuffer striker plate and the striking surface of the car buffer when the car floor is level with the bottom terminal landing. 2. Bottom Hoist-Counterweight Runby. The distance between the counterweight-buffer striker plate and the striking surface of the counterweight buffer when the car floor is level with the top terminal landing. (U) Safety, Car or Counterweight. A mechanical device attached to the car frame or to an auxiliary frame, or to the counterweight frame, to stop and hold the car or counterweight in case of predetermined over-speed or free fall, or if the hoisting ropes slacken. (V) Slack-Rope Switch. A device which automatically causes the power to be removed from the hoist driving-machine motor and applies the brake when the hoisting ropes of a winding-drum machine become slack. (W) Stopping Device. 1. Terminal Speed-Limiting Device. A device which automatically reduces the speed as a car approaches a terminal landing, independently of the functioning of the operating device and the normal-terminal stopping device, if these devices fail to slow down the car as intended. 2. Final-Terminal Stopping Device. A device which automatically causes the power to be removed from a hoist drivingmachine motor and applies the brake independent of the functioning of the normal-terminal stopping device, the operating device, or an emergency terminal stopping device, after the car has passed terminal landings. 3. Normal-Terminal Stopping Device. A device or devices to slow down and stop a hoist car automatically at or near a terminal landing, independently of the functioning of the operating device. (X) Tower. A vertical structure which supports and guides the car (and the counterweight and overhead when used) within the tower structure. (Y) Travel (Rise). The vertical distance between the bottom terminal landing and the top terminal landing of a hoist. Platform. An elevated working area or surface used for supporting workers, materials and equipment. Powder-Actual Tools. (A) Cased Power Load. A power load with the propellant contained in a closed case. (B) Caseless Power Load. A power load with the propellant in solid form not requiring containment. (C) To Chamber. To fit the chamber exactly without force. (D) Fasteners. Any pins (unthreaded heads) or studs (threaded heads) driven by powder-actuated tools. (E) Fixture. A special shield which provides equivalent protection where the standard shield cannot be used. (F) Head. That portion of a fastener which extends above the work surface after being properly driven. (G) High-Velocity Tool. A tool whose velocity has been measured 10 times while utilizing the combination of: 1. The lightest commercially available fastener designed for the tool. 2. The strongest commercially available power load that will properly chamber in the tool that will produce an average velocity from the 10 tests in excess of 492 feet per second (150m/s).
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Construction Safety Orders Runway. An elevated passageway. S.A.E. S.A.E. means Society of Automotive Engineers. Safety Belt or Harness. A device specifically for the purpose of securing, suspending, or retrieving a worker in or from a hazardous work area. Safety Factor. Ratio of the ultimate breaking strength of a member or piece of material or equipment to the actual working stress or safe load when in use. Safety Line. One that is provided to protect a worker from falls caused by failure of scaffolds, working platforms, or loss of balance, and shall extend to within 4 feet of ground or other stable surface. Safety-Monitoring System. A safety system in which a competent person is responsible for recognizing and warning employees of fall hazards. Self-Retracting Lifeline/Lanyard. A deceleration device containing a drum-wound line which can be slowly extracted from, or retracted onto, the drum under slight tension during normal employee movement, and which, after onset of a fall, automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall. Safety Strap. A web strap designed specifically for use in conjunction with a linemen's belt as an aid in climbing poles and to secure the employee to the pole in a manner that permits work with both hands. Scaffolds and Staging. (A) Scaffold. Any temporary, elevated structure used for the support of a platform. Note: The term "scaffold" is used with inclusion of the platform and all supporting members when reference is made to loading factors. (B) Scaffold, Engineered. Scaffold designed by a Civil Engineer currently registered in the State of California and experienced in scaffold design. (C) Scaffold, Light-Duty. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a working load of 25 pounds per square foot of scaffold platform, including weight of materials and workers on the platform. Note: Load requirements for light-duty interior scaffolds are contained in Section 1640(c)(1). (D) Scaffold, Medium-Duty. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a working load of 50 pounds per square foot of scaffold platform, including weight of materials and workers on the platform. (E) Scaffold, Heavy-Duty. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a working load of 75 pounds per square foot of scaffold platform, including weight of materials and workers on the platform. (F) Scaffold, Special-Duty. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a working load that exceeds 75 pounds per square foot of scaffold platform, including weight of materials and workers on the platform. (G) Ledger. The horizontal member of a scaffold that runs at right angles to the wall and directly supports the planking of the platform. (H) Ribbon. The horizontal member in a scaffold which runs from upright to upright parallel to the building and is normally placed directly under the ledger. (I) Uprights. The vertical members of a pole scaffold, such as posts, poles, or columns. (J) Scaffold, Outrigger. A scaffold not suspended by ropes, that is supported by outrigger beams cantilevered out from the structure to which they are anchored. (K) Scaffold, Suspended. A scaffold suspended from above by ropes or cables and rigged with pulley blocks, winches, or equivalent, so that the scaffold elevation is easily adjustable. (L) Scaffold, Suspended, Power-Driven. Any suspended scaffold equipped with 1 or more power units for raising or lowering that are a part of and travel with the scaffold. (M) Thrust-Out. The beam extending out from a structure to support a suspended scaffold. (N) Stud Jack. A scaffold device of metal with saw-like teeth that grip the stud when the load is applied, and having a cantilevered ledger for the support of a working platform. (O) Catenary or Stretch Cables. Cables for the support of staging, that are secured at each end and extend in a nearly horizontal plane. The staging is placed on and supported by these cables. (P) Boatswain's Chair. A seat which may be raised or lowered by means of attached rigging which suspends it and the seated worker from above.
6
(Q) Working Load. Load imposed by workers, materials and equipment. (R) Brace. A tie that holds one scaffold member in a fixed position with respect to another. (S) Coupler. A device for locking together the component parts of a tubular metal scaffold. (The material used for the couplers shall be of a structural type, such as drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum.) (T) Maximum Rated Load. The total of all loads including the working load, the weight of the scaffold, and such other loads that may be reasonably anticipated. (U) Scaffold, Bricklayer's Square. A scaffold composed of framed wood squares which support a platform. (V) Scaffold, Carpenter's Bracket. A scaffold consisting of wood or metal brackets that support a platform. (W) Scaffold, Float. A scaffold hung from overhead supports by means of ropes and usually consisting of a 3/4-inch plywood platform supported by 2 securely fastened bearers. (X) Scaffold, Horse. A scaffold composed of horses supporting a work platform. (Y) Scaffold, Interior Hung. A scaffold suspended from the ceiling or roof structure. (Z) Scaffold, Ladder Jack. A light trade scaffold supported by brackets attached to ladders. [AA] Scaffold, Manually Propelled Mobile. (See Rolling Scaffold.) [BB] Scaffold, Needle Beam. (See Outrigger Scaffold.) [CC] Scaffold, Pole. A scaffold built of one or two rows of vertical members, horizontal ledgers, platform planks, ribbons and braces. [DD] Scaffold, Rolling. A portable rolling scaffold supported by caster wheels. [EE] Scaffold, Tube and Coupler. An assembly consisting of tubing which serves as posts, ledgers, ribbons, ties and braces, a base supporting the posts, and special couplers which serve to connect the uprights and to join the various members. [FF] Scaffold, Tubular Welded Frame. A sectional panel or frame metal scaffold substantially built-up of prefabricated, welded sections which consist of posts and horizontal ledgers with intermediate members. [GG] Scaffold, Window Jack. A scaffold, the platform of which is supported by a bracket or jack which projects through a window opening. [HH] Scaffold, Wooden Pole. A scaffold built of one or two rows of vertical members (uprights), horizontal ledgers, platform planks, ribbons and braces. A single pole scaffold consists of one row of uprights and a double pole scaffold consists of two rows of uprights. Shall. Mandatory. Sheet Pile. A pile, or sheeting, that may form one of a continuous interlocking line, or a row of timber, concrete, or steel piles, driven in close contact to provide a tight wall to resist the lateral pressure of water, adjacent earth, or other materials. Shore. A supporting member that resists a compressive force imposed by a load. Should. Recommended. Side Pull or Side Loading. A load applied at any angle to the vertical plane of the boom. Skip. A container with sides in which materials are hoisted. Snaphook. A connector comprised of a hook-shaped member with a normally closed keeper, or similar arrangement, which may be opened to permit the hook to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object. Stairs, Stairways. A series of steps and landings having 2 or more risers leading from one level or floor to another. Standard. Standard as referred to ladders, ROPS, railings, etc., means as described elsewhere in the Orders, ultimately based upon standards established by ANSI, SAE, engineers competent in specialized fields, equipment manufacturers and other duly recognized authorities. Standing Rope (Guy). A supporting rope which maintains a constant distance between the points of attachment to the two components connected by the rope. Story. That portion of a building included between the upper surface of any floor and the upper surface of the floor next above, except that the topmost story shall be that portion of a building included between the upper surface of the topmost floor and the ceiling or roof above. If the finished floor level directly above a basement, cellar or unused underfloor space is more than 6 feet
Asbestos
Index
A
Section #, Page #
IX Subject Index
Access 150 Elevators for Hoisting Workers 1630 Ladders 1629 150 Stairways 1629 150 Accidents 193 Code of Safe Practices 1938 Appendix A Construction, Prevention Program 1509 7 Electrical Installations and Equipment 289-290 Overhead Lines 2946 Preventative Maintenance. 2340.1 219 Prevention Tags. 2320.6 219 Fall Protection (see also Falls and 162-4 Fall Protection entry) 1669-1671.1 Acetylene 1740-1743 186 Cylinders, Storage and Use 1740 186 General Precautions 1743 186 Hose and Connections 1742 186 Pressure Regulators 1741 186 Advance Planning 1938 Appendix A 192 Aerial Lifts 2940.7(b) 283 Aircraft Hangars, Electrical Installations and Equipment 237 Aircraft Batteries2540.6(e) Aircraft Electrical Systems2540.6(d) 237 Classification of Locations2540.6(b) 237 Definition2540.6(a) 236 External Power Sources2540.6(f) 237 Mobile Servicing Equipment2540.6(g) 237 Mobile Stanchions2540.6(c) 237 Appliances, Household Clothes Dryers 232 Disconnection 2522.23(c) Combustible Materials 231 Protection 2522.10 Signals, Heated Appliances 2522.12 231 Stands, Portable Appliances 2522.11 231 Counter-Mounted Cooking Units 231 2522.17 Disconnection 232 Clothes Dryers 2522.23(c) Fixed Appliances 2522.21 231 Fixed Electric Space Heating Equipment 2524.19 232 Location of Disconnecting Means 2524.65 232 Motor-Driven Appliances 2522.26 232 Portable Appliances 2522.22 231 Ranges 2522.23(c) 232 Stationary Appliances 2522.23 232 Energized Parts 2522.2 231 Fixed Electric Space Heating Equipment 232 Disconnecting 2524.19 Location of Disconnecting Means 2524.65 232 Switches 2524.21 232
Appliances, Household (continued) Flexible Cords and Cables 230 Grounding-Conductor Identification 2500.23 Outer Sheath Maintenance 2500.25 230 Overcurrent Protection 2500.13 230 Splices 2500.9 230 Uses Not Permitted 2500.8 230 Uses Permitted 2500.7 230 Heaters, Portable 231 Portable Immersion Heaters 2522.9 Heating Elements, Marking of 2522.31 232 Installation 2522.7-17 231 Irons 231 Signals 2522.12 Stands 2522.11 231 Motor-Driven Appliances 232 Disconnection 2522.26 Markings 2522.32 232 Nameplates 2522.30 232 Ovens, Wall-Mounted 2522.17 231 Ranges, Disconnection 2522.23(c) 232 Voltage Rating 232 Marking on Heating Elements 2522.31 Marking on Nameplates 2522.30(a) 232 Wall-Mounted Cooking Ovens 2522.17 231 Application Equipment 1700 167 Asbestos 10 Application 1529(a) Chest Roentgenograms, 30 Interpretation and Classification 1529 Appendix E Class I Asbestos, Work Practices 30 and Engineering Controls 1529 Appendix F Competent Person 1529(o) 21 Compliance Methods 1529(g) 12 Consultants 1529(q) 22 Definitions 1529(b) 10 Exposure 12 Assessment 1529(f)(2) Monitoring 1529(f) 11 Permissible Exposure Limits 1529(c) 11 Hazard Communication 1529(k) 17 Housekeeping 1529(l) 20 Hygiene Facilities and Practices 1529(j) 17 Inspections by Competent Person 1529(o) 21 Medical Questionnaires 1529 Appendix D 29 Medical Surveillance 1529(m) 1529 Appendix I 20, 32 Multi-Employer Worksites 1529(d) 11 Polarized Light Microscopy 1529 Appendix K 33 Protective Clothing 1529(i) 17 Quality Control Procedures 1529 Appendix A 23 Recordkeeping 1529(n) 21 Regulated Areas 1529(e) 11 Report of Use 1529(r) 23
,
INDEX
297
Asbestos (continued) Asbestos (continued) 16 Respiratory Protection 1529(h) Sampling and Analytical Procedure 1529 Appendix A, B Scope 1529(a) 10 Smoking Cessation Program 1529 Appendix J 33 Technical Information 1529 Appendix H 32 Work Registration 1529(r) 23 Assembly Places, Electrical Installations and Equipment 244 Emergency Systems 2551.2(c) Switch Location 2571.21 250 Exhibition Halls 2551.2(b) 244 Hazardous Locations 2551.2(a) 244 Scope 2551.1 244 Temporary Wiring 2551.2(b) 244 Wiring Methods 2551.3 244
24, 23
B Bins 1548 93 Blasting 193 Code of Safe Practices 1938 Appendix A 35 Helicopter Operations 1906 188 Bloodborne Pathogens, Sharps Injury Log Addendum 296 Boatswains' Chairs 1662 161 Body Belts and Harnesses 1670(b), (d) 163 Body Protection 1522 8 Bolting 1716(b) 177 Bonding 226 Cable Armor 2395.75 Cable Sheath 2395.75 226 Cable Trays 2395.75 226 Connecting Receptacle Grounding Terminal to Box 2395.74 Enclosures 2395.75 226 Equipment Bonding Jumpers 2395.79 226 Fittings 2395.75 226 Frames 2395.75 226 Hazardous Locations 2395.78 226 Metal Raceways 2395.75 226 Metal-Clad Cable 2787.1(b) 268 Mine and Tunnel Installations 2917 279 Service Equipment 2395.71 226 Use, When 2395.70 226 Bracket Scaffolds (see also Scaffolds entry) 1645 156 Bricklayers' Scaffolds (see also Scaffolds entry) 1641, 1645 154, 156 Square Scaffolds 1653 159 Suspended Scaffolds 1659 160 Bricks, Piles of 1549(a) 93 Bridges 81 Fall Protection 1541(l) Guardrails 1543(c) 93 Bulldozers (see also Haulage and Earth Moving entry) 1590-1593 93, 96 Bunkers 1548 93
C Cadmium 43 Compliance Methods 1532(f) Definitions 1532(b) 41 Emergency Situations 1532(h) 43 Exposure 42 Monitoring 1532(d) Permissible Exposure Limit 1532(c) Hazard Communication 1532(m) 48 Housekeeping 1532(k) 44 Hygiene 1532(j) 44 Medical Surveillance 1532(l) 44 Observation 1532(o) 50
298
INDEX
42
226
Cadmium (continued) 44 Protective Work Clothing and Equipment 1532(i) Recordkeeping 1532(n) 49 Regulated Areas 1532(e) 42 Respirator Protection 1532(g) 43 Scope 1532(a) 41 Cal/OSHA District Offices Directory Addendum 295 Capacitors (see also Capacitors under Electrical Installations and 234 Equipment entry) 2534.2-8 Cellulose Nitrate Film Storage Vaults 246 Lamps 2553.51 Prohibited Electrical Equipment 2553.52 246 Cement, Piling Bags 1549(b) 93 Circuits, Electrical (see also Electrical Installations 273 and Equipment entry) 2839 Clothing 98 Highway Construction Site Employees 1598-1599 Protective Clothing (see also Personal 8 Protective Equipment entry) 1514 Coated Metals, Welding, Cutting, and Heating 1537 78 Code of Safe Practices 1509(c) 7 Cofferdams 1543 93 Commercial Garages, Repair and Storage 2540.5 236 Compressed Air 13 Asbestos, Removal of 1529(g)(3)(B) Cadmium, Removal of 1532(k)(6) 44 Lead, Removal of 1532.1(h)(5) 54 Methylenedianiline, Removal of 1535(h)(3) 73 Compressors, Portable 1696 166 Computers 249 Disconnecting Means 2565.3 Interconnecting Cables 2565.2 248 Supply Circuits 2565.2 248 Concrete 181 Buckets 1720(c) Buggies 1720(a) 180 Ramp 1938 Appendix C 207 Construction 177 Other Than Tilt-Up Panels 1714 Tilt-Up Panels 1715 177 Mixers 1698(a), (b) 166 Troweling Machines 1698(d) 167 Workers' Scaffolds 1641 154 Concrete and Masonry Equipment 1698 166 Conductors, Electrical Installations and Equipment (see 222 also Conductors under Electrical Installation) 2350.2 Conduits Electrical Installations and Equipment (see also Conduits 266 under Electrical Installations and Equipment) 2760 Temporary Covers 1597(k) 98 Contractors, Suggested Safety Program 1938 Appendix A 192 Cranes Construction Safety Orders 205, 206 Hand Signals 1938 Appendix C Sideboom Cranes 1694 166 Electrical Safety Orders 247 Clearance 2561.3 Combustible Materials 2561.2 247 Conductors 247 Enclosure 2561.11 Runway Conductor Disconnecting Means 2561.31 247 Wiring Method 2561.11 247 Disconnecting Means 2561.32 247 High-Voltage Safety Orders 247 Lifting Magnets 2561.7 Limit Switches 2561.55 247 Remote Control Circuits 2561.8 247 Scope 2561.1 247 Separate Controls 2561.51 247 Warning Signs 2947 290
Section #, Page #
Electrical Installations and Equipment Cranes (continued) Flexible Cords and Cables 230 2500.7(a) High-Voltage Safety Orders 284 2940.7(c) Cranes and derricks in Construction 124 Equipment Modifications 1610.6 Fall Protection 1610.7 124 Ground Conditions 1610.5 124 Crawlers (see also Haulage and Earth Moving entry) 1590-1996 93-96
D
E Ear Protection 1521 8 Earth Moving 93-96 (see also Haulage and Earth Moving entry) 1590-1596 Egress 150 Elevators for Hoisting Workers 1630 Ladders 1629 150 Stairways 1629 150 Electric Shock, Protection From 1518 8 Electrical Installations and Equipment 219 Accident Prevention Tags 2320.6 Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems, Grounding 2395.5 224 Common Grounding Electrode 2395.54 225 Conductor 2395.25 225 Appliances (see also Appliances, 231-232 Household entry) 2522.2-2522.32
Section #, Page #
INDEX
IX Subject Index
Definitions 10 Asbestos 1529(b) Cadmium 1532(b) 41 Construction Safety Orders 1504 1 Electrical Installations and Equipment 255 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2700 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2300(b) 213 Excavations 1540(b) 78 Lead 1532.1(b) 50 Methylenedianiline 1535(b) 71 Oil and Gas Wells 2548.21(c) 240 Sloping and Benching 1541.1 Appendix B 84 Soil Classification 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Structural Steel Erection 1710(b) 168 Wastewater Wells 2540.10(a) 239 De-Icing and Snow Melting Equipment 232 Disconnecting Means 2526.50 Scope 2526.1 232 Demolition 184 Buildings 1735 Displaced Material 1735(e) 184 Dust Control 1735(t) 185 Falling Material, Protection From 1735(j) 185 Glass Fragmentation, Hazard 1735(l) 185 Steel Construction 1735(n) 185 Supervision 1734 184 Utility Companies, Notifying 1735(a) 184 Walkways 1735(h) 185 Waste Material, Disposal 1736 185 Derricks 1619.2 144 Design, Construction and Testing 1610.4 122 Design Standards 1610.2 119 Electrical Installations and Equipment, 284 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2940.7(c) Warning Signs, Danger of High Voltage 2947 290
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Application 260 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2706 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2305.2 217 Approvals 260 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2707 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2305.4 218 Arcing Parts 2340.18, 2390.41 221, 224 Assembly Places 244 Emergency Systems 2551.2(c) Exhibition Halls 2551.2(b) 244 Hazardous Areas 2551.1-2551.3 244 Scope 2551.1 244 Temporary Wiring 2551.2(b) 244 Wiring Methods 2551.3 244 Attachment Plugs and Cord Connectors 231 Adapters 2510.58 Dead-Front Construction 2510.56(a) 231 Grounding 2510.58 231 Noninterchange Ability 2510.56(b) 231 Swimming Pools 2569.7 250 Automatic Circuit Reclosers 2843 273 Backfeeding 2320.9 219 Voltages, Protection From 2940.9 284 Bonding (see also Bonding entry) 2395.75 226 Branch Circuits 263 Ampacity 2734 Overcurrent Protection 2735 263 Switching Requirements 2736 263 Bulk-Storage Plants 2540.8 238 Cables 287 De-Energized, Working On 2943(f) Vertical Suspension 269 Conductor(s) 2801 Messenger 2802 269 Wire 2802 269 Wire Mesh Holding Devices 2803 269 Capacitors 278 Discharge Means 2893 Disconnecting Means 2534.8 234 Drainage of Stored Charge 2534.6 234 Enclosing 278 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2888 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2534.2 234 Grounding 2889 278 Guarding 278 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2888(b) Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2534.2(b) 234 Identification 2892 278 Overcurrent Protection 2891 278 Scope 2887 278 Special Handling Precautions 2894 278 Switching 2890 278 Carnivals, Circuses, Fairs, and Similar Events 2584.1-2584.8 251-252 Circuit Breakers 232 Fixed Electric Space Heaters 2524.21 High-Voltage Safety Orders 273 Grounding 2838 Identification 2840 273 Interlocks 2871 275 Isolation 2841 273 Manual Operation 2839(d) 273 Manual Tripping 2839(a) 273 Position Indicator 2839(e) 273 Preventing Unintended Operation 2839(c) 273 Ratings 2837 273 Portable Switchboards on Stage 2552.53(c) 244 Protective Devices 2340.27 221 Resistance Welders 2563.33 248
299
Electrical Installations and Equipment Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) 273 Circuit Reclosers, Automatic 2843 Commercial Garages 2540.5 236 Communications Systems 2587.1-2581.5 253 Conductors 225 Alternating-Current Systems 2395.25 Branch-Circuit 2565.2(a) 248 Construction Sites 2405.4 228 Cranes 2561.11 247 Disconnected Circuits 2340.24 221 Electroplating and Electrostripping 2580.6 251 Energized Overhead Conductors 2320.1(b) 218 Grounding 225 Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems 2395.25 Branch-Circuit Equipment 2395.114 227 Connection Devices 2395.113 227 Disconnecting Means 2530.105 233 High-Voltage Safety Orders 271 Ampacities 2821 Bending Radius 2748 265 Different Systems 2746 265 Insulation 2816 270 Metal-Clad Cables 2781(b) 268 Grounding Conductor 2782 268 Mines 2916 279 Multiple 2817 270 Neutral 2818 270 Outdoor Wiring 272 Insulated Conductors 2830 Overhead Conductors 2823(c) 271 Pull Boxes 2752 265 Raceways, Inserting 2747 265 Rotating Machinery and Control Apparatus 2881 277 Shielding, Grounding 2820 271 Signs and Outside Lighting 291 Exceeding 600 Volts, Installation 2970 Stations or Switchyards, 288 Work on or Near Conductors 2944 Terminations 2819 271 Tunnels 2916 279 Underground High-Voltage Conductors, Work on or Near 287 2943 Motion Picture Projectors, Professional Type 246 Lamps and Hot Equipment 2554.14 Size 2554.13 246 Overcurrent Protection 2390.1 223 Panelboards 2484.3 229 Portable Switchboards on Stage 2552.53(c) 244 Portable Theater Stage Equipment 2552.68 245 Service and Service Entrance Equipment 2723 262 Entrance Raceways 2724 262 Sound Recording and Reproduction Equipment 2564.6 248 Switchboards 2484.3 229 Track and Runway 2561.31 247 Conduits 266 Bends 2760(e) Circuit in 2760(b) 266 Continuity of System 2760(f) 266 Fill 2760(h) 266 Fittings 2760(d) 266 Grounding 2760(i) 267 Reaming 2760(c) 266 Rigid Metal Conduit 2761 267 Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit 2762 267 Sizes 2760(a) 266 Support 2760(g) 266 Types 2760(a) 266 Construction Sites, Ground-Fault Circuit Protection 2405.4 228
300
INDEX
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Continuous Rigid Cable Supports 268 Construction 2779 Definition 2775 267 Grounding 2778 268 Installation 2777 268 Use 2776 267 Control Devices, Location 2340.27 221 Cord Connectors and Attachment Plugs 231 Adapters 2510.58 Dead-Front Construction 2510.56(a) 231 Grounding 2395.45 225 Lamps 2510.58 231 Methods 2395.59 226 Noninterchange Ability 2510.56(b) 231 Skirted Plugs 2510.7(b) 231 Swimming Pools 2569.7 250 Cranes (see also Electrical Safety 247 Orders under Cranes entry) 2561.1.-2561.55 Data Processing Systems 249 Disconnecting Means 2565.3 Supply Circuits 2565.2 248 De-energized Equipment 218 Conditions to Working 2320.4 Re-energizing 2320.5 219 Testing 2320.3 218 Definitions 255 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2700 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2300(b) 213 Oil and Gas Wells 2548.21(c) 240 Wastewater Wells 2540.10(a) 239 De-Icing and Snow Melting Equipment 232 Disconnecting Means 2526.50 Scope 2526.1 232 Disconnecting Means 248 Arc Welders 2563.23 Capacitors 2534.8 234 Cranes 2561.32 247 Data Processing Systems 2565.3 249 De-Icing and Snow Melting Equipment 2526.50 232 Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for 232 Pipelines and Vessels 2527.55 Fixed Electric Space Heating Equipment 2524.19 232 Hoists 2561.32 247 Irrigation Machines 2568.8 249 Mine and Tunnel Installations 2921 279 Motor Controllers 2530.74 233 Motor-Driven Appliances 2522.26 232 Motors 233 Both Motor and Controller 2530.103 Energy From More Than One Source 2530.113 233 Grounded Conductors 2530.102-2530.113 233 In Sight From Controller Location 2530.102 233 Indicating On/Off (Closed/Open) 2530.104 233 Outline Lighting 2560.2 247 Power Fuses 2845(g) 274 Readily Accessible 2530.107 233 Resistance Welders 2563.33 248 Service Switch 2530.106 233 Signs 2560.2 247 Single Disconnecting Means 2530.112 233 Track and Runway Conductor 2561.31 247 Disconnecting Switches 2835 273 Discontinued Circuits 2340.24 221 Distribution Cutouts 2847 274 Electrical Railway Utility, Access 289 and Workspace Requirements 2945 Electrical Utility, Access and Workspace Requirements 2945 289
Section #, Page #
Electrical Installations and Equipment
Section #, Page #
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines and Vessels (cont’d) 232 Scope 2527.1 Type 2527.10 232 Flexible Cords and Cables 230 Grounding-Conductor Identification 2500.7-2500.25 Motion Picture Projectors, Professional Type 2554.15 246 Outer Sheath Maintenance 2500.25 230 Overcurrent Protection 2500.13 230 Pull at Joints and Terminals 2500.10 230 Show Windows and Show Cases 2500.11 230 Splices 2500.9 230 Uses 230 Not Permitted 2500.8 Permitted 2500.7 230 Fuse Links 2847 274 Fused Interrupter Switches 2834 273 Fuses 229 Panelboards 2484.19 Power Fuses 2845 273 Protective Devices 2340.27 221 Garages 236 Commercial 2540.5 Gas Stations 237 Circuit Disconnects 2540.7(c) Definition 2540.7(a) 237 Hazardous Locations 2540.7(b) 237 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters 228 Construction Sites 2405.4 Storable Swimming Pools 2569.31 250 Grounding 224 Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems 2395.5 Common Grounding Electrode 2395.54 225 Conductor 2395.25 225 Capacitors 2889 278 Circuit Breakers 2838 273 Conduits 2760(i) 267 Connections 263 Circuits 2739.0 Systems 2739.0 263 Construction Sites 2405.4 228 Continuous Rigid Cable Supports 2778 268 Cord and Plug Equipment 2395.45 225 Methods 2395.59 226 Effective 2395.51 225 Electrodes 225 Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems 2395.54 Circuits 2739.0 263 Concrete, Encased By 2395.82(b) 226 Made Electrodes 2395.83 227 Lightning Rods, Use of 2395.86 227 Metal Frame of Building 2395.82(a) 226 Plate Electrodes 2395.83(b) 227 Resistance 2395.84 227 Rod and Pipe Electrodes 2395.83(a) 227 Systems 2739.0 263 Underground Gas Piping System 2395.82(c) 226 Water Pipe Electrodes 2395.81 226 Equipment Fastened in Place or Connected by 225 Permanent Wiring Methods 2395.42-2395.57 Impedance Grounded Neutral Systems 2741 264 Industrial Control Assemblies 2864, 2865 275 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2395.42-2395.61 225-226 Metal-Enclosed Power Switchgear 2864, 2865 275 Generators 2884(a) 277 Irrigation Machines 2568.12 249 Lightning Arresters 2903 279 Lightning Rods, Use of 2395.86 227 Metal Shielding Tape 2820 271
INDEX
IX Subject Index
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Electrodes Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems, Common Grounding 225 Electrode 2395.54 Concrete, Encased By 2395.82(b) 226 Made Electrodes 2395.83 227 Lightning Rods, Use of 2395.86 227 Plate Electrodes 2395.83(b) 227 Resistance 2395.84 227 Rod and Pipe Electrodes 2395.83(a) 227 Metal Frame of Building 2395.82(a) 226 Underground Gas Piping System 2395.82(c) 226 Water Pipe Electrodes 2395.81 226 Electrolytic Cells 251 Application 2583.2 Auxiliary Nonelectrical Connections 2583.7 251 Cranes and Hoists 2583.8 251 Disconnecting Means 2583.3 251 Fixed and Portable Electric Equipment 2583.1-2583.8 251 Portable Electric Equipment 2583.4 251 Power Supply Circuits and Receptacles 251 for Portable Electric Equipment 2583.5 Scope 2583.1 251 Emergency Systems 244 Assembly Places 2551.2(c) Branch Circuit Overcurrent Devices, Accessibility 2571.25 250 Lighting 2571.16 250 Maintenance 2571.4 250 Signs 2571.30 250 Switch Location 2571.21 250 Tests 2571.4 250 Enclosures 270 Fenced 2812.1 Locked 2810 270 Metal 2809 270 Mobile and Portable Equipment 2908 279 Oil-Filled Cutouts 2855 274 Outdoor Wiring, Terminal Enclosures 2829 272 Service and Service Entrance Equipment 2726 263 Switches 2480.3 229 Walled 2812.1 270 Warning Signs 2811 270 Energized Equipment or Systems 219 Barriers and Barricades 2320.7(a) Conductive Fish Tapes 2320.7(c) 219 Conductive Measuring Tapes and Ropes 2320.7(b) 219 Energizing and Re-energizing 2320.5 219 Testing 2320.3 218 Work Prerequisites 2320.2(a) 218 Equipment 228 Exposed Wiring 2420.3 Grounding 2395.42-2395.61 225 Fall Protection 282 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2940.6(b) Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2320.8 219 Feeders 263 Ampacity 2734 Isolation Requirements 2737 263 Overcurrent Protection 2735 263 Switching Requirements 2736 263 Film Storage Vaults 246 Lamps 2553.51 Prohibited Electrical Equipment 2553.52 246 Fire Alarm Systems 2586.1 -2586.4 252-253 Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines and Vessels 232 Definitions 2527.2 Disconnecting Means 2527.55 232 Identification 2527.13 232 Installation 2527.11 232 Overcurrent Protection 2527.22 232
301
Electrical Installations and Equipment Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines and Vessels (cont’d) 268 Metal-Clad Cable. 2782 Metal-Enclosed Bus 2764 267 Mines 2923 279 Mobile and Portable Equipment 2912 279 Motor Frames 2883(b) 277 Nonelectrical Equipment 2395.44 225 Plate Electrodes 2395.83(b) 227 Portable Cable 2792 268 Portable High-Voltage Equipment 2743 265 Reactors 2897 278 Resistors 2897 278 Rod and Pipe Electrodes 2395.83(a) 227 Scope 2395.1 224 Solidly Grounded Neutral Systems 2740 264 Substations 2553.66 246 Transformers 2878 276 Tunnels 2923 279 Water Pipe Electrodes 2395.81 226 Wiring and Equipment Installations 2750 265 Guarding Capacitors 278 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2888(b) Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2534.2(b) 234 Equipment 2930 280 High-Voltage Energized Parts 2860 274 Live Parts 2553.15 245 Low-Voltage Energized Parts 2861 274 Stage Switchboard 2552.22 244 Substations 2553.64 246 Handlamps 2510.6 231 Hazardous Locations 236 Aircraft Hangars 2540.6 Approval 2540.2(a), 2540.3(b) 235 Assembly Places 2551.2(a) 244 Bonding 2395.78 226 Bulk-Storage Plants 2540.8(b) 238 Class I Locations 2540.1(a) 234 Class II Locations 2540.1(b) 234 Class III Locations 2540.1(c) 235 Commercial Garages 2540.5(b) 236 Division and Zone Classification 2540.1(d) 235 Electrical Installations 2540.3 235 Garages, Commercial 2540.5(b) 236 Gas Stations 2540.7(b) 237 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2925 280 Intrinsically Safe Equipment 2540.2(b), 2540.3(a) 235 Paint and Lacquer Finishing Processes 2540.9(b) 239 Protection Techniques 2540.4 236 Scope 2540.1 234 Service Stations 2540.7(b) 237 Wastewater Wells 2540.10(b) 239 High-Voltage Safety Orders 261 Access 2711 Ampacities 2716 261 Application 2706 260 Approvals 2707 260 Atmospheric Protection 2712 261 Definitions 2700 255 Energized Parts 2717 261 Environmental Protection 2712 261 Fall Protection 2940.6(b) 282 Hand Tools 2940.6(g) 283 Illumination 2940.4 282 Installation 2714 261 Maintenance 2714 261 Operating Procedures (see Work Procedures and Operating Procedures under this heading)
302
INDEX
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) High-Voltage Safety Orders (continued) Overhead Lines 289 Accident Prevention 2946 Exceptions for Qualified Electrical Workers 2949 290 Notification of Work 2948 290 Warning Signs 2947 290 Work On or Near 2941 285 Physical Damage, Protection 2713 261 Protection 261 Atmospheric 2712 Environmental 2712 261 Physical Damage 2713 261 Qualified Electrical Workers 2940(c) 281 Readily and Safely Accessible 2711 261 Scope 2705 260 Special Requirements 2703 260 Subtitles 2704 260 Titles 2704 260 Tree Trimming, Line Clearance 2951 290 Variances 2709 260 Work Procedures and Operating Procedures 289 Access 2945 Aerial Lifts 2940.7(b) 283 Apparel 2940.6(j) 283 Backfeed Voltages, Protection From 2940.9 284 Body Belts, Safety Straps, and Lanyards 2940.6(c) 282 Clearances 2940.2 281 Conductive Measuring Devices 2940.6(f) 283 Conductive Objects 2940.6(h) 283 Cranes 2940.7(c) 284 Derricks 2940.7(c) 284 Emergency Rescue Lines 2940.6(i) 283 Employer's Responsibility 2940(b) 281 Fall Protection 2940.6(b) 282 Hoisting Cables 2940.7(e) 284 Hoisting Devices 2940.7(d) 284 High-Voltage Stations or Switchyards 2944 288 Illumination 2940.4 282 Inclement Weather 2940.3 282 Insulating Equipment 2940.6(a) 282 Ladders 2940.6(d) 282 Lifting Equipment 2940.7(c) 284 Live-Line Tools 2940.6(e), 2945 Appendix B 283 Material Handling 2940.8 284 Mechanical Equipment 2940.7 283 Metal Tower Construction 2941.1 286 Observers 2940(d) 281 Overhead High Voltage Lines 2941 285 Protective Equipment 2940.6, 2945 Appendix C 282 Qualified Electrical Workers 2940(c) 281 Safe Access 2940(a) 281 Tools 2940.6 282 Tubular Steel Poles 2942 287 Underground High-Voltage Cables, 287 Conductors, or Equipment 2943 Voltage Determination 2940.1 281 Washing Insulators 2941.2 286 Water, Work Over or Near 2940.5 282 Workspace Requirements 2945 289 Hoists (see also Electrical Safety Orders under 247 Hoists and Hoisting entry) 2561.1, 2561.55 Identification and Signs 2562.3 248 Impedance Grounded Neutral Systems 2741 264 Inclement Weather, Discontinuing Work 2940.3 282 Induction and Dielectric Heating Equipment 249 Guarding and Grounding 2567.2 Remote Control 2567.3 249 Industrial Control Assemblies 275 Cover Plates 2866
Section #, Page #
Electrical Installations and Equipment
Section #, Page #
282
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Low-Voltage Safety Orders (continued) 220 Circuit Impedance and Other Characteristics 2340.10 Clearances from Buildings 2375.19 223 Conductors 2340.5 219 Conductors Entering Boxes, Cabinets, or Fittings 2473.1 229 Conductors on Poles 2375.7 223 Cord- and plug-connected appliances 2395.45(a) 225 Cord Connections 2360.5 223 Covers and Canopies 2473.2 229 Damp or Wet Locations 2485.1, 2485.2 230 Definitions 213 Acceptable 2300(b) Accepted 2300(b) 213 Approved 2300(b) 213 Automatic 2300(b) 213 Bare Conductor 2300(b) 213 Barrier 2300(b) 213 Bathroom 2300(b) 213 Cable Tray System 2300(b) 213 Cablebus 2300(b) 213 Cell Line 2300(b) 213 Cell Line Attachments and Aux. Equipment 2300(b) 213 Center Pivot Irrigation Machine 2300(b) 213 Certified 2300(b) 213 Conduit Body 2300(b) 213 Dead Front 2300(b) 213 Decorative Fountains and Reflection Pools 2300(b) 213 Deenergized 2300(b) 213 Dielectric Heating 2300(b) 213 Electrolytic Cell Line Working Zone 2300(b) 213 Energized 2300(b) 213 Equipment Grounding Conductor 2300(b) 213 Exposed 2300(b) 213 Feeder 2300(b) 213 Fountain 2300(b) 213 Grounded, Effectively 2300(b) 213 Grounding Electrode Conductor 2300(b) 213 Healthcare Facilities 2300(b) 213 Heating Equipment 2300(b) 213 Induction Heating 2300(b) 213 Insulated Conductor 2300(b) 213 Irrigation Machine 2300(b) 213 Isolated (As applied to location) 2300(b) 213 Isolated Power System 2300(b) 213 Live Parts 2300(b) 213 Metal-Clad Cable (Type MC) 2300(b) 213 Mineral-Insulated 213 Metal-Sheathed Cable (Type MI) 2300(b) Mobile X-Ray 2300(b) 213 Motor Control Center 2300(b) 213 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable 2300(b) 213 Open Wiring on Insulators 2300(b) 213 Overcurrent 2300(b) 213 Overload 2300(b) 213 Portable X-Ray 2300(b) 213 Power and Control Tray Cable (Type TC) 2300(b) 213 Power-Limited Tray Cable (Type PLTC) 2300(b) 213 Premises Wiring (Premises Wiring System) 2300(b) 213 Scope 2300(a) 213 Service Cable 2300(b) 213 Service Point 2300(b) 213 Service-Entrance Cable 2300(b) 213 Shielded Nonmetallic-Sheathed 213 Cable (Type SNM) 2300(b) Show Window 2300(b) 213 Storable Swimming or Wading Pool 2300(b) 213 Swimming, Wading, and Therapeutic Pools 2300(b) 213 Ventilated 2300(b) 213 Wireways 2300(b) 213
INDEX
IX Subject Index
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Industrial Control Assemblies (continued) Devices 274 Arrangement 2859 Grounding 2865 275 Location 2869 275 Door Stops 2866 275 Energized Parts 274 Accessibility 2863 Guarding Cable Conductors Entering 274 Enclosure, Clearance 2862 High-Voltage 2860 274 Low-Voltage 2861 274 Gas Discharge From Interrupting Devices 2867 275 Grounding 275 Devices 2864, 2865 Inspection Windows 2868 275 Interlocks 275 Circuit Breakers 2871 Interrupter Switches 2870 275 Scope 2857 274 Information Technology Equipment 2565..2, 2565.3 248-249 Infrared Lamp Industrial Heating Appliances 2522.15 231 Lampholders 2522.15(c) 231 Live Parts of Motors or Controllers 2530.121 233 Integrated Electrical Systems 2589.1-2589.2 253 Interconnection 2320.9 219 Interrupting Rating 2340.9 220 Isolating Switches 2835 273 Junction Boxes, Construction and 266 Installation Requirements 2753 Knife Switches 229 Connection 2480.7 Panelboards 2484.24 229 Position 2480.6 229 Switchboards 2484.24 229 Lampholders 231 Infrared Heating Lamps 2522.15 Live Parts Exposure 2510.4 230 Maximum Voltage 2510.1 230 Lamps 231 Infrared Heating Lamps 2522.15 Live Parts Exposure 2510.4 230 Location 2510.3 230 Light Fixtures 231 Damp Locations 2510.5 Flexible Cords and Cables 2500.7(a) 230 Live Parts Exposure 2510.4 230 Maximum Voltage 2510.1 230 Swimming Pools 2569.6(b), 2569.7(a)(1) 250 Underwater Fixtures 2569.20(b) 250 Wet Locations 2510.5 231 Wiring 230 Overcurrent Protection 2505.12 Uses Not Permitted 2505.11 230 Uses Permitted 2505.10 230 Linemen's Body Belts, Safety Straps, and Lanyards 2940.6(c) Live-Line Tools 2940.6(e), 2945 Appendix B 283, 289 Locked Rooms, Vaults, or Enclosures 2810 270 Low-Voltage Safety Orders Alternating-Current Circuits and 224 Systems to Be Grounded 2395.5 Application 2305.2 217 Approvals 2305.4 218 Cabinets, Cutout Boxes, Fittings, 230 Boxes, and Panelboard Enclosures 2485.1 Circuit Breakers 2390.81 224 Applications 2390.81(d) 224
303
Electrical Installations and Equipment Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Low-Voltage Safety Orders (continued) 220 Deteriorating Agents 2340.11 Direct-Current Systems 2395.3 224 Disconnecting Means 2380.1 223 Disconnecting Means for Fuses 2390.20 224 Electric Equipment Considered Effectively Grounded 2395.58 226 Electrical Connections 2340.14 220 General 2340.14(a) 220 Identification of Equipment 2340.22 221 Marking 2340.22(f) 221 Marking Durability 2340.22(d) 221 Splices 2340.14(c) 220 Terminals 2340.14(b) 220 Equipment Connected by Cord and Plug 2395.45 225 Equipment Fastened in Place or 225 Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods 2395.57 Equipment Grounding Conductors 2418.4 228 Examination, Installation, and Use of Equipment 2340.2 219 Exceptions 2305.2(a) 217 Flexible Cords and Cables Appliances 232 Disconnecting Means 2524.19 General Requirements for Temporary Wiring 228 Cable Trays 2418.2 Conductor Supports 2420.4 229 Flexible Nonmetallic Tubing 2420.5 229 Industrial Establishments 2418.3 228 Penetrations of Walls, Floors, etc. 2420.6 229 Protection from Physical Damage 2420.7 229 Wiring Methods 2418.2 228 Disconnecting means 2405.2(e) 227 Lamps 2405.2(f) 228 Receptacles 2405.2(c) 227 Grounded Conductors 2390.10 224 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter Protection 2360.3 222 Grounding Connections 2395.23 225 Guarding of Energized Parts 2340.17 221 Hazardous (Classified) Locations 2418.5 228 Identification of Multiwire Branch Circuits 2360.1 222 Insulation Integrity 2340.8 220 Location 2390.24 224 Location of Outdoor Lamps 2375.25 223 Mechanical Execution of Work 2340.12 220 Multiwire Branch Circuits 2360.1 222 Other Available Electrodes 2395.82 226 Outlet Devices 2360.4 223 Receptacle Outlets 2360.4(b) 223 Panelboard Enclosures 2484.6 229 Portable and Vehicle-Mounted Generators 2395.6 224 Purpose 2305.1 217 Receptacles and Cord Connectors 2360.2 222 Receptacles, Cord Connectors and 231 Attachment Plugs (Caps) 2510.56 Single-throw Knife Switches 2480.5 229 Snap Switches 2480.9 229 Storage Batteries 2535.1 234 Supports, Enclosures, and 225 Equipment to be Grounded 2395.32 Switchboards with Exposed Live Parts 2484.5 229 Switches, Circuit Breakers, and Switchboards 2485.2 230 Temporary Wiring 2405.1 227 Uses Not Permitted 2418.6 228 Variances 2305.3 218 Wiring Methods 2418.2 228 Wiring Methods, Components, and 227 Equipment, General 2400.1
304
INDEX
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Low-Voltage Safety Orders (continued) Work Procedures 219 Accident Prevention Tags 2320.6 Backfeeding 2320.9 219 De-Energized Equipment or Systems 2320.1-9 218 Energized Equipment or Systems 2320.2 218 Fall Protection 2320.8 219 Interconnection 2320.9 219 Re-Energizing Equipment or Systems 2320.5 219 Safety Precautions 2320.7 219 Tests 2320.3 218 Workers, Qualified Persons 2320.1 218 Maintenance 2340.1 219 Marking 2340.21 221 Mechanical Protection 2340.26 221 Metal Enclosures 2809 270 Metal Tower Construction 2941.1 286 Metal-Clad Cable 268 Bends 2784 Elevation 2786 268 Fittings 2785 268 Grounding Conductor 2782 268 Splices 2787.1 268 Strength 2787 268 Supports 2783 268 Terminations 2787.1 268 Use 2781 268 Metal-Enclosed Bus 267 Adjacent Structures 2765 Barriers 2767 267 Connections 2769 267 Drain Facilities 2772 267 Grounding 2764 267 Identification 2771 267 Low-Voltage Wiring 2773 267 Neutral Bus 2766 267 Perforated Enclosures 2768 267 Seals 2767 267 Supporting Structures 2765 267 Switches 2770 267 Terminations 2769 267 Metal-Enclosed Power Switchgear 274 Assembly Construction 2858 Cover Plates 2866 275 Devices 274 Arrangement 2859 Grounding 2865 275 Location 2869 275 Door Stops 2866 275 Energized Parts Guarding Cable Conductors Entering 274 Enclosure, Clearance 2862 High-Voltage 2860 274 Low-Voltage 2861 274 Accessibility 2863 274 Gas Discharge From Interrupting Devices 2867 275 Grounding 275 Devices 2864, 2865 Inspection Windows 2868 275 Interlocks 275 Circuit Breakers 2871 Interrupter Switches 2870 275 Scope 2857 274 Mobile and Portable Equipment 279 Collector Rings 2909 Enclosures 2908 279 Grounding 2912 279 High-Voltage Portable Cable for Main Power Supply 2911
279
Section #, Page #
Electrical Installations and Equipment
Section #, Page #
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Outline Lighting Exceeding 600 Volts 291 Conductor Installation 2970 Electric-Discharge Tubing 2972 291 Terminals and Electrode Receptacles 2973 291 Switches on Doors 2974 291 Transformers 2971 291 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 247 Clearances 2560.10 Disconnecting Means 2560.2 247 Location 2560.3 247 Overcurrent Devices, Grounded Conductors 2751 265 Overcurrent Protection 224 Arcing Parts 2390.41 Branch Circuits 2735 263 Capacitors 2891 278 Feeders 2735 263 Fixed Electric Heating 232 Equipment for Pipelines and Vessels 2527.22 Fixture Wires 2505.12 230 Flexible Cords and Cables 2500.13 230 Mines 2915 279 Mobile and Portable Equipment 2907 279 Motion Picture Studios 2553.18 245 Service and Service Entrance Equipment 263 Isolation Requirements 2731 Suddenly Moving Parts 2390.41(b) 224 Theater Stage Equipment 245 Portable Plugging Boxes 2552.62(b) Portable Switchboards on Stage 2552.52 244 Transformers 2877 276 Tunnels 2915 279 Welders 2563.22 248 Panelboards 229 Busbars, Support and Arrangement 2484.3 Conductors, Support and Arrangement 2484.3 229 Fuses, Installation 2484.19 229 Knife Switches 2484.24 229 Paralleling Switches 263 Branch Circuits 2736(a) Feeders 2736(a) 263 Service and Service Entrance Equipment 2732 263 Portable Cable 268 Bending Radii 2793 Fittings 2794 268 Grounding 2792 268 Scope 2789 268 Shielding 2791 268 Splices 2795 268 Termination 2795 268 Portable Handlamps 2510.6 231 Power Fuses 2845 273 Protective Devices 2340.27 221 Pull Boxes 266 Construction 2753 Installation 2753 266 Raceway Entrance Locations 2752 265 Size 2752 265 Raceways 271 Above Ground 2826 Below Ground 2827 271 Conductors, Inserting 2747 265 Entrance Locations 2752 265 Service 2721 262 Reactors 278 Grounding 2897 Oil-Filled Reactors 2898 278
INDEX
IX Subject Index
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Mobile and Portable Equipment (continued) 279 Overcurrent Protection 2907 Power Cable Connections to Mobile Machines 2910 279 Protection 2906(c) 279 Scope 2906(a) 279 Motion Picture Projectors 2522.2 231 Motor Controllers 233 Autotransformer 2530.82(b) Conductors, Opening 2530.84 233 Cranes 2561.51 247 Definition 2530.81(a) 233 Design 2530.82 233 Disconnecting Means 2530.74 233 Hoists 2561.51 247 Horsepower Rating 2530.83 233 Motor Not in Sight 2530.86 233 Portable Motor of 1/3 Horsepower or Less 2530.81(c) 233 Rheostats 2530.82(c) 233 Starting and Stopping 2530.82(a) 233 Stationary Motor of 1/8 Horsepower or Less 2530.81(b) 233 Motor-control Apparatus 2530.120 233 Motors 233 Automatic Restarting 2530.43 Disconnecting Means 233 Both Motor and Controller 2530.103 Energy From More Than One Source 2530.113 233 Grounded Conductors 2530.105 233 In Sight From Controller Location 2530.102 233 Indicating On/Off (Closed/Open) 2530.104 233 Readily Accessible 2530.107 233 Service Switch 2530.106 233 Single Disconnecting Means 2530.112 233 In Sight From 2530.4 233 Oil-Filled Cutouts 274 Continuous Current Rating 2849 Enclosure 2855 274 Fault Closing Rating 2852 274 Identification 2854 274 Interrupting Rating 2850 274 Location 2853 274 Voltage Rating 2851 274 Open Wiring Bare 266 Clearances 2758 Insulators 2757 266 Scope 2755 266 Spacing Between Bare Energized 266 Parts and Adjacent Surfaces 2756 Exposed 2420.3 228 Outdoor Wiring High-Voltage Safety Orders 272 Circuit Feedback 2831 Clearances 2824 271 Conductors 2823(c) 271 Insulated Conductors 2830 272 Outdoor Lighting 2825 271 Overhead Lines 2824 271 Raceways 271 Above Ground 2826 Below Ground 2827 271 Risers 2828 271 Scope 2823(a) 271 Terminal Enclosures 2829 272 Wiring Methods 2823(b) 271 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 223 Clearance From Ground 2375.18
305
Electrical Installations and Equipment Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Receptacles 231 Adapters 2510.58(b) Attachment Plugs 2510.56(a) 231 Disconnecting Portable Appliances 2522.22 231 Grounding Type 2510.7(a), 2510.58 231 Live Parts 2510.4 230 Maximum Voltage 2510.1 230 Non-Grounding Type 2510.7(a), 2510.58 231 Noninterchange Ability 2510.56(b) 231 Portable Appliances 2522.22(b) 231 Skirted Plugs 2510.7(b) 231 Resistors 2896-2898 278 Roof Installations 2808 270 Rotating Machinery and Its Control Apparatus 277 Conductors 2881 Generators 277 Circuit Protection 2884 Grounding 2884(a) 277 Identification 2885(c) 278 Overload Protection 2884(d) 278 Identification 2885 278 Motors 277 Circuit Protection 2883 Control 2882.1(a), (c) 277 Grounding 2883(b) 277 Identification 2885(b) 278 Overload Protection 2883(d) 277 Scope 2880 276 Service and Service Entrance Equipment 262 Application 2719 Buildings, Service Through 2722 262 Capacity Requirements 2720(a) 262 Clearances 2723 262 Conductors 2723 262 Raceways 2724 262 Enclosure 2726 263 Isolating Switches 2732 263 Load 262 Character 2720(c) Isolation 2731 263 Location 2720(d) 262 Location 262 Lightning Protection Equipment 2725(b) Load 2720(d) 262 Overcurrent Protection 263 Isolation Requirements 2731, 2728 Paralleling Switches 2732 263 Raceways 2721 262 Service Continuity 2720(b) 262 Switches in Parallel 2730 263 Switching Requirements 2729 263 Service Stations 2540.7 237 Sewage Wastewater Wells 239 Definitions 2540.10(a) Hazardous Locations 2540.10(b) 239 Signs Exceeding 600 Volts 291 Conductor Installation 2970 Electric-Discharge Tubing 2972 291 Terminals and Electrode Receptacles 2973 Switches on Doors 2974 291 Transformers 2971 291 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 247 Clearances 2560.10 Snow Melting Equipment 232 Disconnecting Means 2526.50 Scope 2526.1 232 Solar Photovoltaic Systems 2588.1-2588.3 253 Solidly Grounded Neutral Systems 2740 264
306
INDEX
291
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) 244 Sound Reproduction 2552.3 Splices, Flexible Cords and Cables 2500.9 230 Suddenly Moving Parts 2390.41(b) 224 Swimming Pools (see also Swimming Pools entry) 2569.1-31 250 Receptacles 2569.5 250 Switchboards 229 Busbars, Support and Arrangement 2484.3 Conductors, Support and Arrangement 2484.3 229 Knife Switches 2484.24 229 Switches 278 Capacitors 2890 Disconnecting Switches 2835 273 Emergency Systems 2571.21 250 Enclosures 2480.3 229 Fixed Electric Space Heaters 2524.21 232 Fused Interrupter Switches 2834 273 Interrupter Switches 273 Fused 2833, 2834 Isolating Switches 2835 273 Knife Switches (see also 229 Knife Switches under this heading) 2480.6-2480.24 Metal-Enclosed Bus 2770 267 Outline Lighting Exceeding 600 Volts 2974 291 Portable Switchboards on Stage 2552.53(c) 244 Protective Devices 2340.27 221 Signs Exceeding 600 Volts 2974 291 Transformers 2876 275 Temporary Wiring 244 Assembly Places 2551.2(b) Construction Sites 2405.1-2405.4 227-228 High-Voltage Safety Orders 268-269 Guarding 2797-2799.0 Time Limit 2799.0 269 Use 2797 268 Temporary Poles 2405.3 228 Tests 2320.3 218 Transformers 275 Access Openings 2874(d) Flooding, Protection From 2875(c) 275 Grounding 2878 276 High Fire Point Liquid-Insulated Transformers 2875(b) 275 Identification 2874(c) 275 Installations 275 Indoor 2875(a) Outdoor 2875(e) 275 Outline Lighting Exceeding 600 Volts 2971 291 Overcurrent Protection 2877 276 Physical Damage, Protection From 2874(b) 275 Scope 2873 275 Signs Exceeding 600 Volts 2971 291 Switching 2876 275 Toxic Gases, Protection Against 2875(d) 275 Ventilation 2874(a) 275 Warning Signs 2874(e) 275 Transformers and Transformer Vaults, Low-Voltage Safety Orders 234 Location 2533.2 Scope 2533.1 234 Tree Trimming Operations, Line Clearance 2950-2951 290 Tubular Steel Power Line Poles 287 2942 Tunnels 279 Bonding 2917 Conductors 2916 279 Disconnecting Means 2921 279 Enclosures 2922 279 Energized Parts 2919 279 Grounding 2923 279 Grounding Conductor 2917 279 Overcurrent Protection 2915 279
Section #, Page #
Excavations
Section #, Page #
279
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Workspace (continued) 280 Minimum Depth 2932(a) Open Spaces 2936 281 Passageways 2936 281 Suitable Space 2932(b) 280 Unguarded Live Parts, Elevation 2934 281 X-Ray Equipment 249 Control 2566.3 Disconnecting Means 2566.2 249 Electronic News Gathering 291 Definitions 2980 Overhead Power Lines 2981 291 Preventing Vehicle Accidents 2981 291 Employee Training 2982 292 Safety Inspections 2983 292 Electroplating and Electrostripping 250 Scope 2580.1 Wiring Methods 2580.6 251 Elevators 100, 103 Hoists, Used as 1604.4, 1604.10(d) Hoisting Construction Workers 1630 150 Shafts 151 Guarding 1633 Construction 1670(b)(5) 163 Demolition 1735(r)(1) 185 Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Wheelchair Lifts, and Stairway Chair Lifts 248 Disconnecting Means 2562.2 Identification and Signs 2562.3 248 Interconnection Between Multicar Controllers 2562.1-2562.7 248 Motor Controllers 2562.7 248 Single-Car and Multicar Installations 2562.4 248 Warning sign for Multiple Disconnecting Means 2562.5 248 Emergencies, Electrical Systems (see also Emergency Systems under 250 Electrical Installations and Equipment entry) 2571.1-2571.30 Emergency Medical Services 1512 7 Emergency Systems 2571..1, 2571.4 250 Scope 2571.1, 2571.9 250 Wiring Methods 2571.9-2571.30 250 Energized Equipment or Systems 2320.2 218 Equipment 167 Application Equipment 1700 Concrete and Masonry Equipment 1698 166 Hand Tools 1699 167 LP-Gas Fired Space Heaters 1706 167 Nailers and Staplers 1704 167 Portable Compressors 1696 166 Power-Operated Hand Tools 1707 168 Sideboom Cranes 1694 166 Temporary Heating Devices 1693 166 Weed Burner Pressure Hoses 1697 166 Excavations 80 Access 1541(c) Benching Systems 84 Application 1541.1 Appendix B Definitions 1541.1 Appendix B 84 Design 1541.1(b) 81 Employees Working on 1541.1(f) 82 Requirements 1541.1 Appendix B 84 Scope 1541.1 Appendix B 84 Cofferdams 1543 93 Definitions 1540(b) 78 Egress 1541(c) 80 Fall Protection 1541(l) 81 Falling Loads, Exposure 1541(e) 80 Hazardous Atmospheres 1541(g) 80 High-Voltage Cables, Conductors, or Equipment 2943(c) 287 Inspection 1541(k) 81 Loose Rock or Soil, Protection 1541(j) 81
INDEX
307
IX Subject Index
Electrical Installations and Equipment (continued) Tunnels (continued) Physical Damage, Protection Against 2918, 2914(c) Scope 2914(a) 279 Ventilation System Controls 2920 279 Variances 260 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2709 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2305.3 218 Vaults 269 Ceiling Access 2805(d) Doors 2805(c) 269 Drainage 2805(h) 269 Flammable Gas, Equipment Containing 2807 269 Foreign Pipes and Accessories 2805(i) 269 Locked 2810 270 Oil-Filled Equipment, Containing 2806 269 Strength 2805(a) 269 Underground 2813 270 Ventilating Ducts 2805(e) 269 Ventilating Openings 2805(f) 269 Ventilation 2805(g) 269 Wall Material 2805(b) 269 Voltage 281 Determination 2940.1 Lampholders 2510.1 230 Light Fixtures 2510.1 230 Marking 2340.21 221 Receptacles 2510.1 230 Warning Signs 290 Cranes 2947 Derricks 2947 290 Doors or Gates 2811 270 Drilling Rigs 2947 290 Hay Loaders 2947 290 Hay Stackers 2947 290 Pile Drivers 2947 290 Power Shovels 2947 290 Transformers 2874(e) 275 Wastewater Wells 239 Definitions 2540.10(a) Hazardous Locations 2540.10(b) 239 Water, Work Over or Near 2940.5 282 Welders Disconnecting Means 248 Arc Welders 2563.23 Resistance Welders 2563.33 248 Overcurrent Protection 2563.22 248 Wiring Methods Conductors 265 Bending Radius 2748 Different Systems 2746 265 Overcurrent Devices 2751 265 Raceways, Inserting in 2747 265 Covers Required 2745.0 265 Grounding 2750 265 Outdoor Wiring 2823(b) 271 Workers, Qualified Persons 2320.1 218 Workspace Access 220 Clear Spaces 2340.16(c) Electric Equipment 2340.16 220 Entrance and Access 2340.16(d) 221 Headroom 2340.16(f) 221 Illumination 2340.16(e) 221 Work Space 2340.16(b) 220 Enclosure 2930 280 Entrance 2931 280 Guarding 2930 280 Illumination 2933 281 Installation, Outdoor Enclosure 2935 281
Excavations (continued) Excavations (continued) 286 Metal Tower Construction 2941.1(a) Mobile Equipment, Warning System 1541(f) 80 Permits 1539 78 Protective Systems Benching Systems 81 Design 1541.1(b) Employees Working on 1541.1(f) 82 Equipment 1541.1(d) 82 Employee Protection 1541.1(a) 81 Materials 1541.1(d) 82 Selection 1541.1 Appendix F 92 Shield Systems 1541.1(g) 82 Sloping Systems 81 Design 1541.1(b) Employees Working on 1541.1(f) 82 Support Systems 81 Design 1541.1(c) Installation 1541.1(e) 82 Removal 1541.1(e) 82 Scope 1540(a) 78 Shafts 1542 92 Sloping Systems 84 Application 1541.1 Appendix B Design 1541.1(b) 81 Employees Working on 1541.1(f) 82 Requirements 1541.1 Appendix B 84 Scope 1541.1 Appendix B 84 Soil Classification 88 Aluminum Shoring for Trenches 1541.1 Appendix D Application 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Definitions 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Manual Tests 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Requirements 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Scope 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Timber Shoring for Trenches 1541.1 Appendix C 85 Visual Tests 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Stability of Adjacent Structures 1541(i) 80 Timber Shoring Alternatives 1541.1 Appendix E 91 Trenches Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring 88 Data, Basis and Limitation 1541.1 Appendix D Presentation of Information 1541.1 Appendix D 88 Scope 1541.1 Appendix D 88 Soil Classification 1541.1 Appendix D 88 Tables 1541.1 Appendix D 88 Timber Shoring 85 Dimensions of Timber Members 1541.1 Appendix C Limitations 1541.1 Appendix C 85 Presentation of Information 1541.1 Appendix C 85 Scope 1541.1 Appendix C 85 Soil Classification 1541.1 Appendix C 85 Tables 1541.1 Appendix C 85 Uprights 1541.1(h) 82 Vehicular Traffic, Exposure 1541(d) 80 Water Accumulation, Protection From Hazards 1541(h) 80 Exhaust Materials 40 Exhaust Ventilation 1530(a) Disposal 1530(c) 40 Operation 1530(b) 40 Eye Protection 165 Powder-Actuated Tools 1691(b) Energized Equipment or Systems 2320.2(a)(6) 218 Lasers 1801(c) 187 Helicopter Operations, Ground Crew Members 1907(b) 188
308
INDEX
F Face Protection, Powder-Actuated Tools 1691(b) 165 Falls and Fall Protection 162-163 Body Belts and Harnesses 1670(b), (d) Controlled Access Zones 1671.2(a) 164 Cranes and Derricks 1610.7 124 Electrical Installations and Equipment 282 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2940.6(b) Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2320.8 219 Helicopter Ground Crews 1909 188 Lanyards 1670 162 Lifelines 1670 162 Personal Fall Arrest Systems 1670 162 Personal Fall Restraint Systems 1670 162 Plans 1671.1 164 Positioning Devices 1670 162 Roofing 1724(f) 182 Safety Monitoring Systems 1671.2(b) 164 Safety Nets 1671 163 When Required 1669 162 Falsework 1717 179 Film Storage Vaults 246 Lamps 2553.51 Prohibited Electrical Equipment 2553.52 246 Fire Protection and Prevention 189 Alarms 1924 Cutoffs 1925 189 Classes of Fires 1938 Appendix C 207 Exit Stairways 1925(a) 189 Extinguishing 8.1.4 4.36 1938 Appendix C 206 Fire Extinguishers 1922(a), 1938 Appendix C 188, 207 Fire Fighting Equipment 188 Access 1920(b) Fixed 1923 189 Location 1920(c) 188 Maintaining 1920(d) 188 Portable 1922 188 Fire Hoses 1922(b) 189 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 1930 189 Heaters 1693(g) 166 Program 1920(a) 188 Sprinklers 1923(a) 189 Standpipes 1923(b) 189 Temporary Buildings 1938(b) 191 Water Supply 1921 188 First-Aid Kit 1512(c) 7 Flaggers 1599 98 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 238 Bulk-Storage Plants 2540.8 Dispensing Liquids 1934 191 Fire Control 1933 191 Inside Storage 1931 190 Outside Storage 1932 190 Service and Refueling Areas 1936 191 Storage 1930 189 Tanks 1930 189 Use 1935 191 Flammable Vapors 1534 71 Float Scaffolds 1663 161 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 203 Floors 14, 17, 20 Asbestos Containing 1529(g)(8)(A), (k), (l)(3) Guarding 1632 150 Food 9 Food Service Facilities 1527(b) Near Asbestos Work 1529(j)(1)(D) 17 Near Lead Exposure 1532.1(i)(1) 54 Near Methylenedianiline Exposure 1535(k)(3) 74
Section #, Page #
Hoists and Hoisting Fountains 2569.51 250 Framing and Concrete Forms 1713 Fuel Gas 186 Connections 1742 Cylinders 186 Storage 1740 Use 1740 186 Hoses 1742 186 Precautions 1743 186 Pressure Regulators 1741 186
177
G
224-227
H Hand Tools 1699 167 Power Operated 1707 168 Haulage and Earth Moving 93 Dust Control 1590(b) Equipment Control 1590(c) 93 Exhaust 1590(d) 93 Private Roadways and Off-Highway Conditions 1590(a) Vehicles 208 Cab Protection 1938 Appendix C Accessories 1591(b) 93 Air Tank Service 1591(c) 94 Brakes 1591(c) 94 Cab Shield 1591(e) 94 Canopy 1591(h) 94 Dump Bodies 1591(k) 94
Section #, Page #
93
INDEX
IX Subject Index
Garages, Commercial 236 Battery Charging Equipment 2540.5(c) Electrical Installations and Equipment 2540.5 236 Hazardous Areas 2540.5(b) 236 Scope 2540.5(a) 236 Glass 1525 9 Governors 1604.20 108 Grounding (see also Grounding under Electrical Installations and Equipment entry) 2395.1-2395.114 Guarding Capacitors 278 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2888(b) Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2534.2(b) 234 Counterweights 1604.12 103 Elevator Shafts 1633 151 Equipment 2930 280 Floor Openings 1632 150 High-Voltage Energized Parts 2860 274 Live Parts 2553.15 245 Low-Voltage Energized Parts 2861 274 Manholes 1632(f) 151 Mortar, Plaster, or Fireproofing Mixers 1698(e) 167 Roof Openings 1632 150 Stage Switchboard 2552.22 244 Substations 2553.64 246 Temporary Wiring 2798 269 Wall Openings 1632 150 Guardrails 93 Cofferdams 1543(c) Concrete Mixers 1698(b) 166 Elevator Shaft Construction 1670(b)(5) 163 Excavations 1541(l)(1) 81 Hoistways 1604.7(b) 102 Pump Jack Scaffolds 1655(i) 159 Single Cleat Ladders 1676(e) 164 Staging 1666(e) 162 Window Jack Scaffolds 1654(c) 159 Work Platforms 1637(k)(6) 153
Haulage and Earth Moving (continued) Vehicles (continued) 93 Equipment 1591(b) Exhaust Gases 1593(e) 96 Fenders 1591(f) 94 Fueling 1594 96 Hazard Signals 1591(l) 94 Heat Shields 1590(e) 93 Lights 1591(g) 94 Operating Levers 1591(i) 94 Operation 1593 96 Parking Brakes 1593(h) 96 Repair 1595 96 Roll-Over Protective Structures 1596 96 Seat Belts 1596(g) 97 Securing Loads 1593(f) 96 Tire Repair 1593(g) 96 Trip Handles 1591(j) 94 Warning Methods 1592 96 Windshield 1591(a) 93 Head Protection Helicopter Operations, 188, 209 Ground Crew Members 1907(b), 1938 App C Shafts 1542(d)(8)(D) 93 Heating (see also Fixed Electric Space Heating Equipment under Appliances, Household Entry) 78 Coated Metals 1537 Construction Sites 167 LP-Gas Fired Space Heaters 1706 Temporary Devices 1693 166 Helicopter Operations 188 Automatic Release Devices 1908(e) Blasting, Notification 1906 188 Cargo Loading and Handling 1908 188 Code of Safe Practices 1901(b) 187 Communications 1906 188 Daily Briefing 1901(c) 187 Explosives, Transporting 1908(c) 188 Fueling 1905 188 Fire Protection and Prevention 1938 Appendix C 209 Ground Crew 188 Exposed Locations 1909 Fall Protection 1909 188 Instruction 1907(a) 188 Personal Protective Equipment 1907(b) 188 Hazards, Notification 1906 188 Landing Operations 1903 188 Pilot Certification 1901(e) 187 Scope 1900 187 Signal Systems 1906(c), (d) 188 Sling Loads 1908(d) 188 Static Electricity 1904 188 Survey of Job Site 1901(a) 187 Highways and Roads 93 Earth Moving, Private Roadways 1590(a) Flaggers 1599 98 Haulage, Private Roadways 1590(a) 93 Traffic Control 1598 98 Hoists and Hoisting Construction Hoists Material Hoists 116 Booms 1605.11 Cages 1605.9 115 Capacity Statement and Design 1605.20 118 Concrete Buckets 1605.10 116 Drums 1605.12(e) 116 Electric Motors 1605.18 118 Electrical Signals 118 Bells or Lights 1605.21(d) Intercommunication System 1605.21(e)
118
309
Hoists and Hoisting (continued) Hoists and Hoisting (continued) Construction Hoists (continued) Material Hoists (continued) Hoisting Machines 1605.14 117 Protection of Operator 1605.15 117 Signal Systems 1605.16 118 Hoisting Towers Booms 1605.11 116 Cantilever Towers 1605.7 115 Erection 1605.5 115 Foundation 1605.4 115 Guying 1605.6 115 Requirements 1605.3 115 Hoisting Wire Rope 1605.12 116 Fastenings 1605.13 117 Indicators 1605.17 118 Inspection 1605.12(b) 116 Installation 1605.12(d) 116 Removal and Replacement 1605.12(c) 116 Inside Hoists, Requirements 1605.8 115 Inspections Daily 1605.14(t) 117 Wire Rope 1605.12(b) 116 Landings 1605.19 118 Operating Rules 1605.3(c) 115 Platforms 1605.9 115 References to Other Codes 1605.2 115 Runways 1605.19 118 Sheaves 1605.12(e) 116 Signal Systems 1605.16, 1605.21 118 Audible 1605.21(c) 118 Electrical Bells or Lights 1605.21(d) 118 Intercommunication System 1605.21(e) 118 One-Hand 1605.21(a) 118 Two-Hand 1605.21(b) 118 Personnel Hoists American National Standards 1604.30 114 Carrying Materials 1604.28 114 Cars Buffers 1604.14 104 Capacity 1604.21 109 Clearances Bottom and Top 1604.10 102 Horizontal 1604.11 103 Compartments 1604.17(e) 106 Counterbalancing 1604.15(c) 105 Doors, Gates, and Electrical Contacts 1604.18 106 Emergency Exits 1604.17(f) 106 Enclosures 1604.17 106 Frames 1604.16 105 Governors 1604.20 108 Guide Members 1604.13, 1604.16 104, 105 Live Parts 1604.8(b) 102 Loading 1604.21 109 Platforms 1604.16 105 Inside Net Platform Area 1604.21(a) 109 Runbys 1604.10 102 Safeties 1604.19 107 Speed 1604.22(c) 110 Voltages Permitted 1604.24(c) 112 Control Circuits 1604.24(h) 112 Control Equipment 1604.24 111 Access to 1604.9(a) 102 Lighting 1604.9(c) 102 Protection of 1604.9(b) 102 Counterweights Buffers 1604.14 104 Clearances Bottom and Top 1604.10 102 Horizontal 1604.11 103
310
INDEX
Hoists and Hoisting (continued) Personnel Hoists (continued) Counterweights (continued) Design Requirements 1604.15(b) 104 Governors 1604.20 108 Guarding 1604.12 103 Guide Members 1604.13 104 Location 1604.12 103 Ropes and Rope Connections 1604.25 112 Runbys 1604.10 102 Safeties 1604.19 107 Top Car Clearances 1604.10(e) 103 Dismantling 1604.5(e) 101 Driving Machines 1604.22 110 Brakes 1604.24(g) 112 Drums 1604.22 110 Electrical Protective Devices 111 1604.24(f) 112 Making Inoperative 1604.24(b) Electrical Wiring, Fittings, and Fixtures 1604.8 102 Elevators 1604.4 100 Engineering Supervision 1604.1(c) 100 Erection 1604.5(e) 101 Hoistways Clearances 103 Car and Hoistway Enclosures 1604.11(a) Car Platform Sills and Hoistway Enclosures 103 1604.11(d) Door Locking Devices 1604.6(b) 101 Doors 1604.6(a) 101 Enclosures 1604.5(c) 101 Fittings, Fixtures, and Switches 1604.8(c) 102 Flooring 1604.7(b) 102 Foundations 1604.7(a) 101 Live Parts 1604.8(b) 102 Overhead Beams 1604.7(a) 101 Space Below, Protection 1604.5(b) 100 Voltages Permitted 1604.24(c) 112 Inspections 1604.26 114 Fees 1604.29(b) 114 Ropes 1604.25(j) 113 Lubrication 1604.27(a) 114 Machinery 102 Access to 1604.9(a) Lighting 1604.9(c) 102 Protection of 1604.9(b) 102 Maintenance 1604.27 114 Masts, Construction 1604.5(a) 100 Materials, Carrying 1604.28 114 Operating Circuits 1604.24(h) 112 Operating Devices 1604.24 111 Overhead Beams 1604.7(a) 101 Permanent Elevators Used as Hoists, Maximum 103 Bottom Runby 1604.10(d) Permit to Operate 1604.29 114 Phase-Reversal and Failure Protection 1604.24(e) 112 Purpose 1604.1(b) 100 Regenerated Power Absorption 1604.24(i) 112 Related Standards 1604.2 100 Ropes and Rope Connections 1604.25 112 Safety Devices 1604.19 107 Making Inoperative 1604.27(b) 114 Scope 1604.1(a) 100 Sheaves 1604.22 110 Stopping Devices 1604.23 110 Structure 1604.5(d) 101 Supply-Line Disconnecting Means 1604.24(d) 112 Terminal Stopping Devices 1604.23 110 Tests 1604.26 114 Towers, Construction 1604.5(a) 100
Section #, Page #
Medical Services Hoists and Hoisting (continued) Personnel Hoists (continued) Undercounterweighted Bottom Runby 1604.10(c) 103 Top Car Clearance 1604.10(f) 103 Voltages Permitted in Hoistway or Car 1604.24(c) 112 Wiring, Raceways, and Cables 1604.8(a) 102 Electrical Safety Orders 247 Clearance 2561.3 Combustible Materials 2561.2 247 Conductors 247 Enclosure 2561.11 Track and Runway Conductor Disconnecting Means 247 2561.31 Disconnecting Means 2561.32 247 Flexible Cords and Cables 2500.7(a) 230 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2940.7(d) 284 2940.7(e) Limit Switch 2561.55 247 Motor Controllers 2561.51 247 Remote Control Circuits 2561.8 247 Scope 2561.1 247 Hoppers 1548 93 Horse Scaffolds 1647 158 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 204 Housekeeping 20 Asbestos 1529(l) Cadmium 1532(k) 44 Construction 1513 8 Lead 1532.1(h) 53 Methylenedianiline 1535(m) 74 Hydraulic Power Tools 1707(c) 168
L
284
Illumination (see also Lighting entry) 2933 281 Injury and Illness Prevention Program 1509 7 Inspections 21 Asbestos Worksites 1529(o) Excavations 1541(k) 81 Hoists Material Hoists 117 Daily 1605.14(t) Hoisting Wire Rope 1605.12(b) 116 Personnel Hoists 1604.26 114 Fees 1604.29(b) 114 Rope Inspection 1604.25(j) 113 Scaffolds 153 Lumber 1637(h) Suspended Scaffolds 1658(g) 159 Wire Rope 1605.12(b) 116 Interior Hung Scaffolds 1665 162 Internal Combustion Engine Powered Equipment 96 Fueling 1594(a) Location 1938(a) 191 Operation 1533 71 Smoking or Open Flames Near 1936(g) 191 Irons (see also Irons under Appliances, Household entry) 2522.9 231 2522.11 231 2522.10 Irrigation Machines, Electrically Driven or Controlled 249 Cables 2568.4 Definitions 2568.2 249 Disconnecting Means 2568.8 249 Energy From More Than One Source 2568.16 249 Grounding 2568.12 249 Lightning Protection 2568.15 249
J Jobsite Vehicles 1597
Section #, Page #
231
IX Subject Index
I
Ladder-Jack Scaffolds 1648 158 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 202 Ladders 197 Criteria 1938 Appendix B Electrical Installations and Equipment, 282 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2940.6(d) Job-Made Ladders 1676 164 Lanyards 1670 162 Lasers 1801 187 Lead 52 Compliance Methods 1532.1(e) Definitions 1532.1(b) 50 Employee Standard Summary 1532.1 Appendix B 59 Exposure 51 Assessment 1532.1(d) Permissible Exposure Limit 1532.1(c) 51 Substance Data Sheet 1532.1 Appendix A 58 Housekeeping 1532.1(h) 53 Hygiene 1532.1(i) 54 Medical Removal Protection 1532.1(k) 55 Medical Surveillance 1532.1(j) 54 1532.1 Appendix C 64 Observation 1532.1(o) 58 Pre-Job Notification 1532.1(p) 58 Protective Work Clothing and Equipment 1532.1(g) 53 Recordkeeping 1532.1(n) 57 Respiratory Protection 1532.1(f) 53 Scope 1532.1(a) 50 Signs 1532.1(m) 57 Lift-Slab Construction Operations 1722.1 181 Light Gage Steel Frame Construction 1716.2 178 Lighting 9 Construction Areas 1523 Electrical Equipment 281 High-Voltage Safety Orders 2933 Emergency 2571.16 250 Fixtures (see also Light Fixtures under Electrical Installations and 230 Equipment entry) 2510.1 Lightning Lightning Arresters 279 Clearances 2901 Connections 2902 279 Flammable Atmospheres 2900 279 Grounding 2903 279 Identification 2904 279 Protection Equipment 2725(b) 262 Rods, Use of 2395.86 227 Loads, Riding on 1718 180 LP-Gas 191 Containers, Repairs and Alterations 1937 Heating Systems 1605.15(e) 117 Hoses 1742(c) 186 Mobile Equipment 1740(j) 186 Position of Vessels 1743(k) 186 Roofing 1740(i) 186 Space Heaters 1706 167
M Manholes 151 Guarding 1632(f) Work Near Underground High-Voltage Cables 2943(b) Masonry 93 Blocks, Stabilizing 1549(a) Construction 1722 181 Mixers 1698(a) 166 1698(b) 166 Medical Services 1512 7
287
98
INDEX
311
Methylenedianiline Methylenedianiline Application 1535(a) 71 Compliance Methods 1535(h) 73 Dates 1535(s) 77 Definitions 1535(b) 71 Emergency Situations 1535(e) 72 Employee Communication 1535(d) 72 Exposure Monitoring 1535(f) 72 Permissible Exposure Limits 1535(c) 72 Hazard Communication 1535(l) 74 Housekeeping 1535(m) 74 Hygiene 1535(k) 74 Medical Surveillance 1535(n) 75 Observation 1535(p) 77 Protective Work Clothing and Equipment 1535(j) 73 Recordkeeping 1535(o) 77 Regulated Areas 1535(g) 73 Respiratory Protection 1535(i) 73 Scope 1535(a) 71 Mines and Mining, High-Voltage Safety Orders Bonding 2917 279 Conductors 2916 279 Disconnecting Means 2921 279 Enclosures 2922 279 Energized Parts 2919 279 Grounding 2923 279 Grounding Conductor 2917 279 Overcurrent Protection 2915 279 Physical Damage, Protection Against 2914(c) 279 2918 279 Scope 2914(a) 279 Ventilation System Controls 2920 279 Mortar, Plaster, or Fireproofing Mixers 1698(e) 167 Motion Picture Projectors and Equipment Nonprofessional Approval 2554.32 247 Booth Not Required 2554.31 247 Definition 2554.30 246 Illumination 2554.33 247 Marking Film 2554.35 247 Projectors 2554.34 247 Professional Approval 2554.20 246 Conductors Lamps and Hot Equipment 2554.14 246 Size 2554.13 246 Definition 2554.2 246 Equipment Prohibited 2554.11 246 Flexible Cords 2554.15 246 Lamps Conductors 2554.14 246 Guards 2554.16 246 Location 2554.10 246 Marking 2554.21 246 Motor-Driven 2554.12 246 Scope 2554.1 246 Sound Recording and Reproduction 2554.50 247 Motion Picture Studios Cellulose Nitrate Film Storage Vaults Equipment 2553.52 246 Lamps 2553.51 246 Motors 2553.52 246 Enclosing Live Parts 2553.15 245 Feeder Conductors, Sizing for Television Studio Sets 2553.19 246 Grounding 2553.20 246 Guarding Live Parts 2553.15 245 Lamps Arc Lamps, Portable 2553.17 245 Film Storage Vaults 2553.51 246 Portable 2553.16 245 Viewing, Cutting, and Patching Tables 2553.41 246
312
INDEX
Motion Picture Studios (continued) Overcurrent Protection 2553.18 245 Plugging Boxes 2553.14 245 Portable Wiring 2553.12 245 Scope 2553.1 245 Stage Lighting and Effects Control 2553.13 245 Substations Grounding 2553.66 246 Guarding 2553.64 246 Portable 2553.65 246 Working Space 2553.64 246 Motors (see also Motors under Electrical Installations and Equipment entry) 2530.4 - 2530.113 233
N Nailers 1704 167 Needle-Beam Scaffolds 1664 Illustration 1938 Appendix B Nonionizing Radiation 1801
161 203 187
O Oil and Gas Wells (see also Oil and Gas Wells under Wells entry) 2548.21 240 Oil-Fired Heaters 1693(f) 166 Oiling, Floor Panels 1711 176 Operational Aids 1615.2 133 Operations 1616.1 134 Outdoor Wiring (see also Outdoor Wiring under Electrical Installations and Equipment entry) High-Voltage Safety Orders 2823 - 2831 271 - 272 Low-Voltage Safety Orders 2375.1 - 2375.19 223 Outrigger Scaffolds (see also Scaffolds entry) 1645 156 Ovens and Ranges 2522.17 231 2522.23(c) 232 Overhead Loads 1616.4 136 Oxygen Compressed Oxygen 1743(i) 186 Cylinders Hoses and Connections 1742 186 Oil and Grease, Avoid 1743(c) 186 Pressure-Reducing Devices, Use With 1743(e) 186 Storage 1740 186 Use 1740 186 Device Allowing Mixture of Gas and Oxygen 1743(a) 186
P Paint Finishing Processes, Electrical Installations and Equipment 2540.9 Scaffolds for Painters 1640 154 Panels Construction 1714, 1715 177 Oiling 1711 176 Permits Excavations 1539 78 Personnel Hoists 1604.29 114 Trenches 1539 78 Personal protective equipment Asbestos 1529(i) 17 Body Protection 1522 8 Cadmium 1532(i) 44 Ear Protection 1521 8 Electrical Workers 2940.6(j) 283 General 1514 8 Lead 1532.1(g) 53 Methylenedianiline 1535(j) 73 Sanitation 1519 8
238
Section #, Page #
Scaffolds Personnel Hoists (see also Construction Hoists under 100 Hoists and Hoisting entry) 1604 Pile driving 1600 98 Methods of Unloading Piles 1601 99 Piling Material 1549 93 Plumbing-up 1716(d) 177 Pneumatic Power Tools 1707(b) 168 Nailers and Staplers 1704 167 Portable Compressors 1696 166 Post-Tensioning Operations 1721 181 Sanitation 1938 Appendix B 194 Powder-Actuated Tools Containers 1687 165 Design Requirements 1684 165 Eye Protection 1691(b) 165 Face Protection 1691(b) 165 Instructor Qualifications 1685(b) 165 Labels 1687 165 Limitations of Use 1690 165 Maintenance 1689(a) 165 Operation 1691 165 Operator Qualifications 1685(a) 165 Pole Tool Assemblies 1688 165 Criteria 1938 Appendix C 211 Power Loads 1692 166 Storage 1689(b) 165 1689(c) 165 Power Line Safety 1611.5 127 1612 128 Powered Buggy Runways 1625 149 Projectors (see also Motion Picture Projectors and Equipment entry) 2554.34 247 Pump Jack Scaffolds 1655 159 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 202
Roofing (continued) 194 Code of Safe Practices 1938 Appendix A Crawling Boards 1724(b) 182 Eave Barriers 1724(e) 182 Fall Protection 1724(f) 182 Gallows-Type Frames 1729(b) 183 Guarding Openings 1632 150 Hazards 1730 183 High-Lift Material Trucks 1724(g) 182 Jack Systems 1724(a) 182 Illustration 1938 Appendix C 209 Kettles Asphalt and Pitch 1726 182 Clear Path 1725(e) 182 Covers 1726(a) 182 Distance When Burner Flame On 1725(d) 182 Elevated Truck Beds 1727 183 Fire Extinguishers 1726(d) 182 Handling 1725 182 Moving 1725(f) 182 Relief Valve 1726(c) 182 Safety Features 1726(h) 183 Stopping Flow 1726(f) 183 Pitch Kettles 1726 182 Ramps and Runways 1724(h) 182 Scaffold Platforms 1724(d) 182 Slopes 1730 183 Tankers, Handling 1725 182 Tar Pots 1740(i) 186 Runways Foot Traffic 1624 149 Powered Buggy 1625 149 Railings and Toeboards 1621 149 Roofing 1724(h) 182 Wheelbarrow 1623 149
Qualification 1618
140
S
R Railings Floor, Roof, and Wall Openings 1632 150 Reinforcement 1938 Appendix B 200 Roofing 1724 182 Scaffolds Heavy-Trade Wooden Pole Scaffolds 1641 154 Light-Duty Wooden Pole Scaffolds 1640 154 Suspended Scaffolds 1658(o) 160 When Needed 1621(a) 149 Ranges and Ovens 2522.17 231 2522.23(c) 232 Reactors, High-Voltage Safety Orders Grounding 2897 278 Oil-Filled Reactors 2898 278 Reinforcing steel 1712 176 Reporting Asbestos Use 1529(r) 23 Cadmium Exposure 1532(l)(16) 48 1532(p) 50 Methylenedianiline Exposure 1535(q) 77 Resistors, High-Voltage Safety Orders 2896 278 2897 Riveting 1716(c) 177 Rock Drilling 1538 78 Rolling Scaffolds 1646 157 Roofing Application of Safety Orders 1723 182 Asphalt Kettles 1726 182 Buckets Handling 1725 182 Hot Asphalt and Hot Pitch Buckets 1729(a) 183 Catch Platforms 1724(c) 182 Coal Tar Pitch, Handling 1728 183
Section #, Page #
Subject Index
Q
IX
278
Safety and Health Protection on the Job Addendum 296 Safety Belts 1596(g) 97 1597(h) 98 Safety Devices 1615.1 133 Safety Instructions for Employees 1510 7 Safety Nets 1671 163 Safety Precautions 1511 7 Sanitation 1519 8 Safety Program for Contractors 1938 Appendix A 192 Scaffolds Access 1637(n) 153 Anchorage 1637(c) 152 Boatswains' Chairs 1662 161 Bolted Connections 1637(r) 153 Bracing 1637(c) 152 Removal 1637(l) 153 Bracket Scaffolds 1645 156 Design and Construction 1637(b) 152 Dismantling 1637(k) 153 Erection 1637(k) 153 Extension Planking 1637(e)(1) 152 Float Scaffolds 1663 161 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 203 High Winds, Work During 1637(u) 153 Hoisting Materials 1637(s) 153 Horse Scaffolds 1647 158 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 204 Illustrations 1938 Appendix B 197 Inspection Lumber 1637(h) 153 Interior Hung Scaffolds 1665 162 Ladder-Jack Scaffolds 1648 158 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 202
INDEX
313
Scaffolds Scaffolds (continued) 153 Loading 1637(m) Lumber 1637(d) 152 Inspection 1637(h) 153 Masons' Suspended Scaffolds 1659 160 Metal Scaffolds 1644 155 Nailing 1637(i)(1) 153 Needle-Beam Scaffold 1664 161 Outrigger Scaffolds 1645 156 Overhead Protection 1637(q) 153 Planking 1637(g) 153 1637(f) 152 Platform Planks at Corners 1637(t) 153 Pole Scaffolds 1640 154 1641 154 Over 60 Feet in Height 1643 155 Power-Driven Scaffolds 1667 162 Prohibited Types 1637(j) 153 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 204 Pump Jack Scaffolds 1655 159 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 202 Railings 1621 149 Rolling Scaffolds 1646 157 Roofing, Platforms 1724(d) 182 Slippery Conditions 1637(p) 153 Sloped Platforms 1637(o) 153 Stonemasons' Scaffolds 1641 154 1645 156 Suspended Scaffolds 1659 160 Storms, Work During 1637(u) 153 Suspended Scaffolds 161 Boatswains' Chairs 1662 Bricklayers' Suspended Scaffolds 1659 160 Design 1658(c) 159 Float Scaffolds 1663 161 Hoisting Machines 1658(a) 159 Inspection 1658(g) 159 Interior Hung Scaffolds 1665 162 Ladders 1658(d) 159 Loads Between 425 and 1,000 Pounds 1661 161 Loads of 425 Pounds or Less 1660 160 Masons' Suspended Scaffolds 1659 160 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 201 Metal Hangers 1658(l) 160 Needle-Beam Scaffolds 1664 161 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 203 Power-Driven Scaffolds 1667 162 Railing 1658(o) 160 Staging 1666 162 Stonemasons' Suspended Scaffolds 1659 160 Supporting Ropes 1658(e) 159 Supports 1658 159 Unattended Scaffold 1658(p) 160 Winches 1658(a) 159 Timber Scaffolds 1642 155 Tower Scaffolds 1646 157 Tube and Coupler Scaffolds 1644(b) 156 Window Jack Scaffolds 1654 159 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 202 Wood Platforms 1637(v) 153 Wooden Pole Scaffolds 154 Heavy Trade 1641 Light Duty 1640 154 Over 60 Feet in Height 1643 155 Seat Belts 98 Jobsite Vehicles 1597(h) Roll-Over Protective Structures 1596(g) 97 Service Stations, Electrical Installations and Equipment 2540.7 Sewage Wastewater Wells 239 Definitions 2540.10(a) Hazardous Locations 2540.10(b) 239 Sheet Metal Workers, Scaffolds 1640 154 Sideboom Cranes 1694 166
314
INDEX
237
Signals 1617 140 Skylights 1710(p) 173 Sleeping Quarters, Temporary 1527(c) 9 Snow Melting Equipment 232 Disconnecting Means 2526.50 Scope 2526.1 232 Soil Classification 88 Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring for Trenches 1541.1 Appendix D Application 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Definitions 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Manual Tests 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Requirements 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Scope 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Timber Shoring for Trenches 1541.1 Appendix C 85 Visual Tests 1541.1 Appendix A 82 Solid Fuel Salamanders 1693(e) 166 Sound Recording and Similar Equipment 248 Grouping of Conductors 2564.6 Scope 2564.1 248 Space Heaters (see also Fixed Electric Space Heating Equipment 167 under Appliances, Household entry), LP-Gas Fired 1706 Sprinklers 1923(a) 189 Square Scaffolds 1653 159 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 202 Stairs 150 Access and Egress 1629 Criteria 1938 Appendix B 197 Standpipes 1923(b) 189 Staplers 1704 167 Stonemasons' Scaffolds 1641 154 1645 156 Structural Steel Erection 168 Application 1710(a) Beams 1710(g) 170 Column Anchorage 1710(f) 170 Columns 1710(g) 170 Construction Sequence 1710(c) 169 Controlled Decking Zone 1710(n) 173 Definitions 1710(b) 168 Falling Object Protection 1710(j) 172 Flooring 172 Multistory Buildings 1710(l) Permanent 1710(k) 172 Temporary 1710(l) 172 Tiered Buildings 1710(k) 172 Framed Buildings 1635 151 Guardrail Systems, Custody of 1710(o) 173 Hoisting 1710(d) 169 Open Web Steel Joists 1710(h) 170 Piles 1549(c) 93 Rigging 1710(d) 169 Scope 1710(a) 168 Site Layout 1710(c) 169 Skeleton Steel, Working and Traveling 1710(m) 173 Skylight Fixtures 1710(p) 173 Smoke Dome 1710(p) 173 Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings 1710(i) 172 Training 1710(q) 174 Walking/Working Surfaces 1710(e) 170 Surge Protection Equipment 2725(b) 262 Suspended Scaffolds (see also Suspended Scaffolds 159 under Scaffolds entry) 1658 Swimming Pools 250 Cord- and Plug-Connected Equipment 2569.7 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters, Storable Pools 2569.31 250 Lighting Fixtures 2569.7(a)(1) 250 2569.6(b) 250 Pumps, Storable Pools 2569.30 250 Receptacles 2569.5 250 Scope 2569.1 250 Underwater Equipment, Permanently Installed Pools 2569.20 250 System Controls, Mines and Tunnel Installations 2920 279
Section #, Page #
Wood-Frame
T
V
Temporary Buildings, Fire Safety 1938(b) 191 Temporary Floors 1635 151 Temporary Heating Devices 1693 166 Terminal Stopping Devices 1604.23 110 Testing, Electrical Installations and Equipment 2320.3 218 Theaters 245 Arc Lamps 2552.61 Bracket Fixture Wiring 2552.63 245 Cable Connectors 2552.67 245 Conductors, Portable Stage Equipment 2552.68 245 Dressing Rooms 245 Lamp Guards 2552.72 Pendant Lampholders 2552.71 245 Emergency Lighting, Switch Location 2571.21 250 Festoons 2552.65 245 Lamp Guards 2552.72 245 Pendant Lampholders 2552.71 245 Plugging Boxes, Portable 2552.62 245 Portable Strips 2552.64 245 Scope 2552.1 244 Special Effects 2552.66 245 Switchboards Fixed Stage Switchboards 244 Dead Front 2552.21 Guarding Back 2552.22 244 Lamps in Scene Docks 2552.47 244 Portable Switchboards on Stage 245 Cable Arrangement 2552.53(i) Circuit Breakers 2552.53(c) 244 Circuit Protection 2552.53(d) 244 Construction 2552.53 244 Dimmers 2552.53(e) 244 Enclosure 2552.53(a) 244 Interior Conductors 2552.53(f) 244 Live Parts 2552.53(b) 244 Overcurrent Protection 2552.52 244 Pilot Light 2552.53(g) 244 Supply 2552.51 244 Supply Connections 2552.53(h) 244 Switches 2552.53(c) 244 Terminals 2552.53(j) 245 Timber 196 Beams, Suggested Load Limits 1938 Appendix B Scaffolds 1642 155 Toeboards 1621 149 Toilet Facilities 1526 9 Tools 167 Hand Tools 1699 Power Operated 1707 168 Hydraulic Power Tools 1707(c) 168 Nailers 1704 167 Pneumatic Power Tools 1707(b) 168 Powder-Actuated Tools (see also Powder-Actuated 165 - 166 Tools entry) 1684 - 1692 Staplers 1704 167 Tower Scaffolds 1646 157 Traffic Control for Public Streets and Highways 1598 98 Training 1618 140 1618.4 142 Tree Trimming Operations, Line Clearance 2950 290 2951 Trenches (see also Excavations entry) 98 Jobsite Vehicles 1597(k) Permits 1539 78 Trusses 93 Stacking 1549(d) Tunnels (see also Tunnels under Electrical Installations and Equipment entry) 279 2914 - 2923
Ventilation 40 Mechanical Ventilation Systems 1530 System Controls, Mines and Tunnel Installations 2920 Welding, Brazing, and Cutting 1536 78 Vertical Shoring 1717 179 Vertical Slip Form Operations 1719 180
W Wall Openings 1632 150 Washing Facilities 1527(a) 9 Warning sign for Multiple Disconnecting Means 2562.5 248 Wastewater Wells, Electrical Installations 234 2540.10 239 and Equipment 2540.1 Water Supply 9 Nonpotable Water 1524(b) Potable Water 1524(a) 9 Work Near 99 Safety Devices 1602 Safety Nets 1671 163 Weed Burner Pressure Hoses 1697 166 Welding 78 Coated Metals 1537 Electric Welding Arc Welders 248 Disconnecting Means 2563.23 Overcurrent Protection 2563.22 248 Resistance Welding, Disconnecting Means 2563.33 248 Platform Cages 1938 Appendix B 200 Ventilation 1536 78 Wells Oil and Gas Wells 240 Definitions 2548.21(c) Drilling Platforms 2548.25(a) 243 Drilling Wells 2548.22 241 Lighting 2548.26 244 Overload Protection 2548.24 243 Producing Wells 2548.23 241 Scope 2548.21(b) 240 Wiring 2548.25 243 Wastewater Wells 239 Definitions 2540.10(a) Hazardous Locations 2540.10(b) 239 Wheelbarrow Runways 1623 149 Window Jack Scaffolds 1654 159 1655 159 Illustration 1938 Appendix B 202 Wood-Frame 178 Construction 1716.2 Definitions 1716.1(b) 178 Erection 1716.1(f) 178 Exposure 1716.1(c) 178 Lift Trucks and Elevated Work Platforms 1716.1(d) 178 Protection 1716.1(c) 178 Roof or Floor Openings 1716.1(e) 178 Work Area Control 1616.3 135
IX Subject Index
Section #, Page #
279
290
INDEX
315
Wood-Frame
Notes
316
INDEX
Section #, Page #