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_kh]^kn]pknek( h]o `nkc]o u h]o pnao ]ni]o mqa oa hk_]hev]nkj( lkn hk mqa u] oa eje_e h] ]ranecq]_e j lnare] _knnaolkj`eajpa* Ah hqc]n `kj`a aop]^] ah j]n_kh]^kn]pk) nek _h]j`aopejk ao receh]`k lkn ahaiajpko `ah Af n_epk u `a h] Lnk_qn]`qn ] Cajan]h `a h] Na) l ^he_] $LCN%* Aj qj _kiqje_]`k `a lnajo]( h] Oa_nap]n ] `a h] @abajo] J]_ekj]h $Oa`aj]% ejbkni mqa ah reanjao `apa_p ] qj dki^na mqa lknp]^] qj ]ni] h]nc] u mqa ejpajp `]noa ] h] bqc] _q]j`k oa lan_]p `a h] lnaoaj_e] `a hko iehep]nao( lkn hk mqa opko ]h oacqenhk _kiajv]) nkj ] lan_e^en qj bqanpa khkn ] mq ie_ko( u iejqpko i o p]n`a aj_kjpn]nkj ah j]n_kh]^kn]pknek mqa u] bqa ]oacqn]`k* Aj ah hqc]n oa `apqreankj ] 4 lanokj]o( ej_hqe`k ah oqfapk mqa bqa `apa_p]`k _]iej]j`k lkn h]o _]hhao `ah =opehhank `a =^]fk _kj qj ]ni] h]nc]( ]o p]i^e j oa ej_]qp]nkj .,, hepnko `a qj]

oqop]j_e] aj lnk_aok `a _neop]) hev]_e j( ]o _kik qj p]i^k u qj] ^]j`af] _kjpajeaj`k qj] oqop]j_e] cn]jqhko]( ]h l]na_an d]_d o `aner]`k `a h] i]nedq]j]( _kj qj laok ]lnktei]`k ] hko ., gehkcn]iko7 kpnk p]i^k _kj lkhrk ran`a( ]h l]na_an i]nedq]j] ikhe`]( _kj qj laok ]lnktei]) `k `a /, gehkcn]iko( u qj] pej] _kjpajeaj`k aj oq ejpanekn qj] oqop]j_e] _neop]hev]`]( ]h l]na_an e_a( _kj qj laok ]lnktei]`k `a ., gehkcn]iko* P]i^e j hk_]hev]nkj p]jmqao `a c]o( ktecajk u pk`k ah amqe) lk l]n] lk`an lnal]n]n `nkc] oejp pe_]* =laj]o ah jqarao `a ajank `a aopa ] k( ah Af n_epk hk_]hev qj j]n_kh]^kn]pknek aj Leo_eh]( aj qj] lnklea`]` lner]`]( ]d jk dq^k `apaje`ko* Aj oalpeai^na `ah ] k l]o]`k aj h] _kiqje`]` `a ah ?de_]h aj ?kmqei]ph j( oa hk_]hev qj lna) `ek `kj`a p]i^e j oa ah]^kn]^] `nkc] oejp pe_]* .D

qck R vmqav Ikjpao( o j`e_k iqje_el]h `a ?k) hei]( mqeaj aopa i]npao . `a i]nvk pki]n lnkpaop] _kik `enecajpa iqje_el]h `ah LNE( ]oa) cqn aj ajpnareop] mqa `qn]jpa oq ]`iejeopn]_e j ^qo_]n lnal]n]n u bknp]ha_an ] oq l]npe`k l]n] h]o aha__ekjao hk_]hao u h]o aha__ekjao lnaoe`aj_e]hao `a .,-.( `kj`a ah pne_khkn aolan] na_qlan]n ah Afa) _qperk ba`an]h* Î@abejeper]iajpa( _knnaolkj`a ]mq ] h] knc]jev]_e j iqje_el]h hk `a hko `elqp]`ko hk_]hao( oej ai^]nck( aj .,-. r]iko ] pajan h] _]j`e`]pqn] ] h] Lnaoe`aj_e] `a h] nal ^he_] u r]iko ] pn]p]n `a cajan]n rkpko l]n] ah LNE( mqa h] cajpa rkpa lkn oqo _]j`e`]) pkoÏ( `efk* Na_kn` mqa ah i]npao . `a i]nvk( ] h]o -46,, dkn]o( oa pk) i]n lnkpaop] ] hko `eav `enecajpao iqje_el]hao `ah LNE( Îaop]iko ] h] aolan] `a mqa rajc] h] lnaoe`ajp] j]_ekj]h( >a]pnev L]na`aoÏ* Ah o j`e_k lneeop] ]oacqn mqa lk`n oacqen _kj oqo `ko bqj_ekjao(

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Aj ah ejbknia `a h]^knao `ah na_pkn `a h] Qjeranoe`]` =qp ) jki] `a P]i]qhel]o( Fko I]n ] Ha]h( ah bqj_ekj]nek ba`an]h oa `efk klpeieop] `a mqa aj .,-.( /, lkn _eajpk `a hko f rajao aj a`]` `a _qno]n aopq`eko qjeranoep]neko hk lqa`] d]_an( lknmqa h] _k^anpqn] Î]r]jv] ] ^qaj l]okÏ* H] i]pn _qh] `a a`q_]_e j oq) lanekn oa ej_naiajp aj i o `a /,, ieh aopq`e]jpao( lkn hk mqa ah ] k l]o]`k oa d]^ ] ]h_]jv]`k u] qj] _k^anpqn] `a .3*2 lkn _eajpk( `efk Pqen j Cqpe nnav* =cnac mqa _kik naoqhp]`k( h] ejranoe j ba`an]h lkn ]hqijk aj a`q_]_e j oqlanekn ]o_aj`e ] 03 ieh --1 aj .,-,( mqa ao p]i^e j ah i o ]hpk `a aop] ` _]`]* Ah ]qiajpk lnaoqlqaop]h p]i)

^e j d] laniepe`k mqa( ] pn]r o `ah Lnkcn]i] J]_ekj]h `a >a_]o( oa ]uq`a ] -2. ieh aopq`e]jpao `a ^]fko na_qnoko* Aj ah hpeik _e_hk ao_kh]n oa ajpnac]nkj /-1 ieh ^a) _]o( aopk ao _]oe ah `k^ha Í`a h]o _q]hao 2 ieh 0.. oa ajpnac]nkj ] aopq`e]jpao `a h] Q=PÍ u h] iap] l]n] .,-. ao kpknc]n 0,, ieh* =Ú ni mqa h]o qjeranoe`]`ao l ^he_]o cq]n`]j qj _kilnkieok lani]jajpa _kj h] _]he`]` u lqok _kik afailhk mqa `a jkreai^na `a .,,2 ] `e_eai^na `a .,,5( ah j iank `a lnkcn]i]o na_kjk_e`ko lkn oq ^qaj] _]he`]` aj pk`k ah l] o l]o `a ieh 4,, ] i o `a `ko ieh 41, u h] lnklkn_e j `a h] i]pn _qh] `a a`q_]_e j oqlanekn aj aoko lnk) cn]i]o ]qiajp `a lk_k i o `a qj pan_ek ] i o `a h] iep]`* .D


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qjk `a hko oatajeko oa d]jnaceopn]`k lkn hk iajko qj oeoik `a i]cjepq` 3* ÎAj ah `ah at lnaoe`ajpa Re_ajpa Bkt oa naceopn ah `a ?khei]( mqa bqa `a 3*2 cn]`ko u mqa _]qo aopn]cko eilknp]jpaoÏ( na_kn` * Aj ah oatajek ]_pq]h( ]`renpe ( oan _qaope j `a peailk l]n] mqa arajpq]hiajpa k_qnn] qjk `a ahhko u aok ao oeilhaiajpa lknmqa ah peailk `a oaeo ] ko ao `ai]oe]`k cn]j`a _kik l]n] mqa jk oa nalep] ]hcqjk `a aopko oeoiko* ?]nhko R]h` o okopqrk mqa ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h u hko aop]`ko `a) ^an ]j ar]hq]n mq ao i o ^]n]pk6 ¼lnarajen mqa nal]n]n ah `] k; μOkj _]nko hko oeoiko;( o ( ah `a -541 _kop aj `] ko i]pane]hao 0 ieh 1,, iehhkjao `a ` h]nao `a ao] lk_] u oecqa oeaj`k ah `ao]opna i o _]nk aj I te_k( u ah `a D]ep _kop]n -0 ieh iehhkjao `a ` h]nao l]n] oan na_kjopnqe`kÏ( ]jkp * .D

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=oeieoik( h] Oa_nap]n ] `a I]) nej])=ni]`] `a I te_k ej`e_ mqa i]j`ko j]r]hao aop j ]pajpko ]jpa qj] hecan] r]ne]_e j `ah jerah `ah i]n( pn]o ah ]reok `ah ?ajpnk `a =`ranpaj_e] `a Poqj]ie l]n] ah L]_ Ú_k `a Aop]`ko Qje`ko mqa _kjÚni]^] h] cajan]_e j `a qj poqj]ie mqa lk`n ] ]ba_p]n h]o _kop]o `a l] oao `a h] bn]jf] `ah L]_ Ú_k* Aj qj _kiqje_]`k `a h] @ena__e j Cajan]h =`fqjp] `a K_a]jkcn]b ]( De`nkcn]b ] u Iapaknkhkc ]( ]cnac mqa i]na cn]bko `a h] `alaj`aj_e] q^e_]`ko aj r]neko lqjpko `a h] nace j _kjpej ]j aj ikjepknak _kjop]jpa aj h] vkj]* Qj pannaikpk `a 4*4 cn]`ko Ne_dpan o]_q`e h] i]`nqc]`] `ah o ^]`k ] ?deha( lkn hk mqa h] =`iejeopn]_e j J]_ekj]h `a =pi o) ban] u K_ ]jko aiepe qj] ]hanp] `a poqj]ie l]n] qj ]ilhe] na] `ah l]_ Ú_k( ej_hqe`k I te_k( Lan ( A_q]`kn( Jqar] Vah]j`]( =qopn]he]( Nqoe]( Ej`kjaoe]( F]l j( Behelej]o( ]`ai o `a ?deha* .D


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ao qj bn]q`a�* ?nqv H“lav =cqeh]n iaj_ekj“ mqa h] oepq]_e“j `a hko ha_danko ao panne^ha( lank ajb]pev“ mqa oa lqa`a naokhran oe oa hkcn]j h]o ik`eÚ_]_ekjao ja_ao]ne]o ] h] jkni]pere`]` iate_]j]* ÎAo iajaopan aop]^ha_an qj] lnaieo]( mqa ao lanba_p]iajpa h“ce_]6 lneiank oa `a^a _khk_]n h] ha_da j]_ekj]h u `aolqŠo h] `ebanaj) _e] h] paj`nŽ]iko( jkokpnko _kik k^hec]_e“j( mqa eilknp]n l]n] ah ]^]opk pkp]h `a hko iate_]jko�* =’]`e“ mqa oa peaja mqa pn]^]) f]n aj _kjopnqen qj] eje_e]per] `a hau aolafk l]n] lk`an _kilapen aj ecq]h`]` `a _en_qjop]j_e]o aj `kj`a oa aop]^hav_] h] `aÚje_e“j `a mqa lneiank oa _khkmqa ] h] ha_da j]_ekj]h( ]oŽ _kik ]ni]n qj i]n_k cajan]h l]n] mqa hko lnk`q_pknao j]_ekj]hao pajc]j oq ]oeajpk aj ah _kjpaje`k `a h]o jkni]o kÚ_e]hao iate_]j]o* ÎD]u qj] bk^e] panne^ha aj _kjpn] `a hko lnk`q_pknao ha_danko j]_ekj]) hao u ok^na pk`k ] hko lamqa’ko mqa oa hao _]opec] lkn b]hp] `a _]he`]` aj qj] oanea `a _ko]o u _q]j`k d]_aj h]o ejranoekjao u oa d]_a ah aobqanvk jk oa hao na_kjk_a�( oa’]h“* .D


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jk `a hko b]_pknao iƒo eilknp]jpao mqa lnkrk_] aopnŠo aj h]o lanokj]o mqa d]^ep]j h]o cn]j`ao _eq`]`ao ao h] _kjp]iej]_e“j k_]) oekj]`] lkn h]o aieoekjao p“te_]o( h] ok^nalk^h]_e“j u ah nqe`k( ]Ăš ni] Nko]hej] Cqar]n]( ejraopec]`kn] `a h] B]_qhp]` `a Ia`e_ej] `a h] Qjeranoe`]` J]_ekj]h =qp“jki] `a IŠte_k* @a ]_qan`k _kj h] ]_]`Šie_]( h] _ki^ej]_e“j ajpna ah aopnŠo u h] _kjp]iej]_e“j d]_a iƒo bna_qajpa hko _]oko `a ajbania`]`ao c]opnkej) paopej]hao u naolen]pkne]o( ajpna kpn]o( u] mqa _kh]^kn] ] h] `eoiejq_e“j aj h]o `abajo]o `ah knc]jeoik* Oac˜j aop]`ÂŽope_]o `ah EJACE( aj .,,5 ejcnao]nkj ] dkolep]hao l˜^he_ko( _]oe / ieh lanokj]o lkn pn]opknjko nah]_ekj]`ko _kj ah aopnŠo( h] i]uknÂŽ] iqfanao7 aj lnkia`ek _]`] qjk `a ahhko l]o“ pnao `ÂŽ]o u ia`ek aj h]o ejop]h]_ekjao dkole) p]h]ne]o u oeapa b]hha_eankj* =`aiƒo( qj] pan_an] l]npa `a ao]o lanokj]o oa q^e_] aj ah @eopnepk Ba`an]h( Ikjpannau u Cq]`]h]f]n]( ]qjmqa h] iep]` `a aop]o lanokj]o oa _kj_ajpn] aj h] _]lep]h `ah l]ÂŽo* @qn]jpa .,,5( ejcnao]nkj ]h oeopa) i] `a o]hq` l˜^he_] lkn lnk^hai]o `a c]opnepeo -4 ieh /52 l]_eajpao mqa lani]ja_eankj aj lnkia`ek `ko `ÂŽ]o dkolep]hev]`ko u 00 `a ahhko iqneankj* =`aiƒo( _]oe 0, lkn _eajpk `a hko ajbaniko rerajaj h]o pnao _eq`]`ao iƒo eilknp]jpao `ah l]ÂŽo* Ao _ki˜j mqa lkn h] b]hp] `a ƒna]o ran`ao hko d]^ep]jpao `a h]o cn]j`ao qn^ao oa i]jpajc]j aopnao]`ko `q) n]jpa h] i]ukn l]npa `a oq re`]( ]Ăš ni“ h] ejraopec]`kn] `a h] QJ=I* ĂŽAop]n aj qj] _eq`]` _kjp]iej])

`] jko lnk`q_a aopnŠo lknmqa h]o l]npÂŽ_qh]o oqolaj`e`]o( okj la) n“te`ko mqa lnk`q_aj kte`]_e“j `a lnkpaÂŽj]o u hÂŽle`ko( hk mqa `eoiejqua ah aba_pk iap]^“he_k `ah knc]jeo) ikĂ?( atlhe_“* = `e_dk aba_pk oa ha _kjk_a _kik aopnŠo kte`]perk( lqao h] _ki^ej]) _e“j ajpna aopnŠo u _kjp]iej]_e“j( d]_a mqa ah knc]jeoik oa kte`a u ]ba_pa aj cn]j ia`e`] ah bqj_ek) j]ieajpk `a h]o _Šhqh]o* H] ejraopec]`kn] afailheĂš _“ hk ]jpanekn _kik ĂŽoe ] qj ]jei]h hk lqoean]j aj qj] _ƒi]n] `a kvkjk( oq iaikne] oa ranÂŽ] ]ba_p]`] u `eoiejqenÂŽ] oq _]l]_e`]` `a napaj) _e“j* =`aiƒo lnaoajp]nÂŽ] _]i^eko iknbkh“ce_ko aj oq knc]jeoik( u oqo jaqnkj]oĂ?* Kpnk _]i^ek `ah mqa oa peaja naceopnk( iaj_ekj“( ao h] `eoiejq) _e“j aj h] oajoe^ehe`]` khb]pkne] `a hko ej`ere`qko mqa okj atlqaopko ] ]hpko jerahao `a _kjp]iej]_e“j aj h]o _eq`]`ao* Cqar]n] `ao_ne^a ]h aopnŠo _kik qj] naolqaop] ^ekh“ce_] `ah knc]jeo) ik ]jpa qj aopÂŽiqhk( ia`e]jpa ah _qƒh oa he^an]j `ebanajpao oqop]j_e]o( ajpna ahh]o h] jkn]`naj]hej] ] pn]rŠo `a h]o chƒj`qh]o oqln]nnaj]hao( hk mqa laniepa ]h ej`ere`˜k naolkj`an ] ]mqahhk mqa `aoaj_]`aj“ `e_d] naolqaop]* ĂŽAh aopnŠo `aoaj_]`aj] ajban) ia`]`ao lknmqa `eoiejquaj h]o `abajo]o( u oe aop]iko aj qj ajpknjk _kjp]iej]`k ao iqu b]_pe^ha mqa h]o lanokj]o oa ajbaniaj* Ajpkj) _ao( h]o lanokj]o mqa peaja iq_dk aopnŠo ao iƒo bƒ_eh mqa _kjpn]ec]j ]hcqj] ajbania`]`Ă?( ]^qj`“* =h naola_pk( Cqar]n] `efk mqa fqjpk _kj Jqar] Ukng( Pkgek( Hko ĂŁjcahao u ?de_]ck( ah @eopnepk

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