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OaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C; mqa oe ^eaj ?khei] peaja qj] kbanp] 1 ieh _q]npko `a dk) pah( ateopa qj jÂ&#x2DC;iank oeieh]n `a _q]npko `a _kj`kiejeko u `a _]o]o aj najp]( lkn hk mqa h] ]Ă&#x203A;qaj_e] pqnÂ&#x17D;ope_] oanÂ&#x192; iq_dk i]ukn aj aoa lanek`k r]_]_ekj]h* Ah oa_nap]nek oa ikopnÂ&#x201C; klpe) ieop] ok^na ah _kilknp]ieajpk `a h] ]_pere`]` pqnÂ&#x17D;ope_] `qn]jpa .,-,( pk`] rav mqa `efk mqa pk`ko hko oa_pknao ejrkhq_n]`ko aopÂ&#x192;j pn]^]f]j`k aj amqelk* .&
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qj iao `a mqa eje_ea h] pailkn]`] r]_]_ekj]h `a Oai]j] O]jp]( h] Oa_nap]nÂ&#x17D;] `a Pqneo) ik `ah ck^eanjk `ah aop]`k lnkua_p] qj] k_ql]_eÂ&#x201C;j dkpahan] `a 40 lkn _eajpk aj h] ajpe`]` Oe ^eaj ah oa_nap]nek `a Pqneo) ik( Banj]j`k IknÂ&#x192;j Nk`nÂ&#x17D;cqav( arepÂ&#x201C; d]_an qj] `a_h]n]_eÂ&#x201C;j ok) ^na ah jÂ&#x2DC;iank `a pqneop]o mqa reoep]nÂ&#x192;j hko `aopejko `a lh]u] u ikjp]Â&#x2019;] `a h] ajpe`]` aj h] lnÂ&#x201C;tei] pailkn]`] r]_]_ekj]h( naepanÂ&#x201C; mqa Ă&#x17D;h]o atla_p]per]o okj ]hp]oĂ? u oa aolan] Ă&#x17D;qj] eilknp]jpa `ann]i] a_kjÂ&#x201C;ie_] mqa aj hko Â&#x2DC;hpeiko `ko ]Â&#x2019;ko jk oa d] caja) n]`kĂ? aj h] ajpe`]`* Na_kn`Â&#x201C; mqa h] ]_pere`]` pq) nÂ&#x17D;ope_] `a h] ajpe`]` u `ah naopk `a l]Â&#x17D;o oa rek oane]iajpa ]ba_p]`] aj .,,4 u .,,5 lkn h] _neoeo a_k) jÂ&#x201C;ie_] mqa ]ba_pÂ&#x201C; ]h l]Â&#x17D;o u lkn h] aiancaj_e] o]jep]ne] lkn ah ^nkpa `a h] ejĂ&#x203A;qajv] dqi]j]* IknÂ&#x192;j Nk`nÂ&#x17D;cqav _kiajpÂ&#x201C; mqa h] na_qlan]_eÂ&#x201C;j a_kjÂ&#x201C;ie_] mqa
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MqaoanÂ&#x17D;] mqa peajaj qj cn]j lkpaj_e]h l]n] ah pqneoik a_khÂ&#x201C;ce_k* Ă&#x17D;Pajck mqa `a_enhk _h]n]iajpa6 hko lnkua_pko `a a_kpqneoik( ]_pq]h) iajpa( oq `ai]j`] aopÂ&#x192; qj p]jpk `alneie`]* Jk k^op]jpa( oacqeiko pn]^]f]j`k aj ah `e]cjÂ&#x201C;ope_k _kj _]`] qjk `a hko jÂ&#x2DC;_hako ]cn]nekoĂ?* Naola_pk ] aopa da_dk aj l]npe) _qh]n( ah jqark aj_]nc]`k `ah `ao) l]_dk ]Ă&#x161;niÂ&#x201C; mqa d]op] h] ba_d] oa d]j `e]cjkope_]`k iÂ&#x192;o `a 1, jÂ&#x2DC;_hako ]cn]neko( aj hko _q]hao oa d]j `apa_p]`k lkpaj_e]he`]`ao aj ah ]ola_pk a_kpqnÂ&#x17D;ope_k( pqnÂ&#x17D;ope_k u ]cnkla_q]nek* =oeieoik( Pnafk CkjvÂ&#x192;hav `ao) p]_Â&#x201C; mqa p]i^eÂ&#x160;j oa d]j aj_kj) pn]`k lkpaj_e]he`]`ao aj ah ]ola_pk
iejank aj ]hcqjko afe`ko( l]n] h] lnk`q__eÂ&#x201C;j `a _]h( uaok( ^]h]Â&#x2DC;o) pna( lea`n]( ]n_ehh] u iejan]h `a deannk* Oej ai^]nck( ok^na aopa Â&#x2DC;hpeik ]ola_pk( ah aj_]nc]`k `ah `aol]_dk `ap]hhÂ&#x201C; mqa pk`]rÂ&#x17D;] jk oa peaja lna_eo]`k _qÂ&#x192;jpk iejan]h `a deannk d]u aj h] vkj] e`ajpeĂ&#x161;_]`]( u] mqa pk`]rÂ&#x17D;] jk oa d] na]hev]`k qj aopq`ek cakhÂ&#x201C;ce_k lnkbqj`k l]n] `apaniej]n h]o _]jpe`]`ao `a aopa i]pane]h* Ă&#x17D;OÂ&#x17D; pajaiko `apa_p]`k `Â&#x201C;j`a d]u aopa pelk `a i]pane]h u _qÂ&#x192;jpk d]u( lqao u] ao _qaopeÂ&#x201C;j `a kbna_anhk ] ejranoekjeop]o( l]n] mqa aj qj ikiajpk `]`k( oe oa lkjaj `a ]_qan`k _kj ah afe`]p]nek( lk`]iko
_]iej]n aj lnkua_pko _kjfqjpko mqa lqa`]j ]lku]n ah `ao]nnkhhk `a jqaopnk aop]`kĂ?( lqjpq]hevÂ&#x201C;* Naola_pk ] hko lnkua_pko a_kpq) nÂ&#x17D;ope_ko mqa oa pajÂ&#x17D;]j aj Lh]u] `a Knk a Eoh] J]re`]`( Pnafk CkjvÂ&#x192;hao oaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C; mqa jk oa hkcn]nkj _kj_na) p]n `a^e`k ] mqa jk oa d] lk`e`k _kjp]_p]n _kj ah l]npe_qh]n mqa ao `qaÂ&#x2019;k `a hko pannajko _khej`]jpao ] h] lh]u]* Oej ai^]nck( `aop]_Â&#x201C; mqa Â&#x160;op] ao qj] lh]u] mqa peaja iq_dk lkpaj_e]h( _kj iq_dko na_qnoko u mqa ]_pq]hiajpa jk peaja je qj _kjbhe_pk naola_pk ] lnk^hai]o lkn h] pajaj_e] `a peann]7 ]`aiÂ&#x192;o( `aop]_Â&#x201C; mqa peaja iÂ&#x192;o `a ieh da_pÂ&#x192;na]o _kj lkpaj_e]h a_kpqnÂ&#x17D;ope_k* .&
`q]n`k Nqah]o CqpeÂ&#x160;nnav( lnaoe`ajpa `a h] Ba`an]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a K__e`ajpa `a h] ?kjba) `an]_eÂ&#x201C;j L]pnkj]h `a h] NalÂ&#x2DC;^he_] Iate_]j] $?kl]niat%( iaj_ekjÂ&#x201C; aj ajpnareop] mqa hko ailnao]neko i]jv]jehhajoao oa d]j p]n`]`k aj eilqho]n ]h lqanpk _kik qj hqc]n pqnÂ&#x17D;ope_k eilknp]jpa ] jerah j]_ekj]h( lqao `a^anÂ&#x17D;]j ]lnkra_d]n ah ikre) ieajpk _kian_e]h mqa peaja* Hk ]jpanekn bqa iaj_ekj]`k `aolqÂ&#x160;o `a mqa IEHAJEK ?KHEI= ha lnacqjp]n] ok^na _Â&#x201C;ik raj hko ailnao]neko `a h] naceÂ&#x201C;j ] I]jv]) jehhk( oe _kik qj lqanpk _kian_e]h k _kik qj lqanpk pqnÂ&#x17D;ope_k* Ah lnaoe`ajpa `a aop] ba`an]_eÂ&#x201C;j( mqa ej_hqua ] hko aop]`ko `a F]heo_k( ?khei]( Ie_dk]_Â&#x192;j u J]u]nep( _kj) oe`anÂ&#x201C; mqa hko ailnao]neko i]jv]) jehhajoao peajaj mqa ]lnkra_d]n h] bknp]hav] _kian_e]h `ah lqanpk `a I]jv]jehhk l]n] _kjokhe`]n `a qj] ^qaj] i]jan] ah ]ola_pk pqnÂ&#x17D;ope_k( lqao jk d]j lk`e`k _kilapen _kj h]o kpn]o vkj]o pqnÂ&#x17D;ope_]o nacekj]hao( aola_e]hiajpa _kj ]mqahh]o q^e_]`]o aj h]o _kop]o `a F]heo_k u J]u]nep* Ă&#x17D;Lqanpk R]hh]np] u h] Nerean] J]u]nep oa d]j _kjokhe`]`k _kik qj] kl_eÂ&#x201C;j pqnÂ&#x17D;ope_] iqu eilkn) p]jpa aj ah l]Â&#x17D;o( u aok `a^anÂ&#x17D;] oan qj] ikper]_eÂ&#x201C;j l]n] h] cajpa `a I]jv]jehhk( u] mqa aopko `aopejko okj `a hko iÂ&#x192;o eilknp]jpao ] jerah j]_ekj]h a ejpanj]_ekj]hĂ?( `aop]_Â&#x201C; Nqah]o CqpeÂ&#x160;nnav* Hqack( ah `enecajpa `a h] vkj] k__e`ajpa `a h] ?kl]niat ]cnacÂ&#x201C; mqa Ă&#x17D;hko ailnao]neko i]jv]jehhaj) oao `a^anÂ&#x17D;]j `a_en _qÂ&#x192;hao okj oqo ja_aoe`]`ao lneikn`e]hao( l]n] mqa I]jv]jehhk oa panieja `a _kjokhe`]n _kik qj lqanpk pqnÂ&#x17D;ope_k( u] mqa h] naceÂ&#x201C;j oÂ&#x17D; peaja aoa lkpaj_e]hĂ?* @a ecq]h bkni]( `efk mqa I]j) v]jehhk ao reopk _kik qj lqanpk _kian_e]h `a cn]j eilknp]j_e] aj ah l]Â&#x17D;o( u mqevÂ&#x192; aop] oa] h] n]vÂ&#x201C;j lkn hk mqa jk d]j hkcn]`k _kjokhe`]n ]h pqneoik* Bej]hiajpa( A`q]n`k Nqah]o naĂ&#x161;neÂ&#x201C; mqa ah lqanpk i]jv]je) hhajoa d] _kjpne^qe`k iq_dk ]h `ao]nnkhhk `a IÂ&#x160;te_k( lkn hk mqa `a^aj ^qo_]n oan hÂ&#x17D;`anao aj r]neko oa_pknao ailnao]ne]hao( jk okh]) iajpa aj_]oehh]noa aj qjk okhk( lqao h] naceÂ&#x201C;j peaja iq_dk lkpaj) _e]h `a _na_eieajpk( mqa `a^an oan ]lnkra_d]`k lkn ah ck^eanjk iqje) _el]h( aop]p]h u ok^na pk`k lkn hko ailnao]neko* .&
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ape_e] J]r]nnk K_dk]( oa_nap]ne] `a Pqneoik `qn]jpa h] ]`ie) jeopn]_e j `ah at lnaoe`ajpa Re_ajpa Bkt( u mqa k_ql ah jerah fan nmqe_k i o ]hpk aj h] _kil]) ] Cehhappa $lnaoe`ajp] iqj`e]h `a F]bn]% u h] `elqp]`] ba`an]h Deh) `] ?a^]hhko Hhanaj]o( aj_]^av]j h] heop] `a `eopejcqe`]o iqfanao mqa na_e^en j ah Lnaiek ÎI]aopn] J]p]) he] Becqank]Ï mqa kpknc] ah Cnqlk ?ki]h]( _kik na_kjk_eieajpk ] oq pn]ua_pkne] u _kjpne^q_e j ]h `ao]nnkhhk `ah Lqa^hk >h]j_k `a =i ne_] u I ce_k `a I te_k* =o hk ejbkni ah _kjoafk `ena_pe) rk `ah Cnqlk ?ki]h]( mqa aj_]^av]j Fknca ?]nnehhk( Bn]j_eo_k Ikjpao( Lala J]n]jfk u N]b]ah ?kr]nnq) ^e]o( mqeajao oa ]h]nkj mqa aop] _anaikje] oa aba_pq]n ah ln teik o ^]`k $2 `a i]nvk% ] h]o -4 dkn]o aj h] ?]o] `a h] ?qhpqn] `a aopa iqje_elek( aj ah i]n_k `ah Î@ ] Ejpanj]_ekj]h `a h] IqfanÏ( ]_pk mqa oan lnaoe`e`k lkn Hakjkn `a h] Ikn] > f]n( `ena_pkn] `ah Ejopepqpk
?kheiajoa `a h] Iqfan( u lkn ah ]h_]h`a =cqop j Ikn]hao* Kpn] dkiaj]fa]`] oan I]n ] Rehh] Ikjpank( mqeaj nalnaoajp ] I te_k aj hko Fqacko Iqj`e]hao l]n] @alknpeop]o @eo_]l]_ep]`ko aj Opk_g I]j`arehha( Ejch]pann]( `kj`a hkcn ah _]ilakj]pk iqj`e]h `a j]p]_e j _kj r]ne]o ia`]hh]o `a knk( lh]p] u ^nkj_a( ]_pq]_e j mqa ha r]he mqa ah =uqjp]ieajpk `a ?ki]h] ha eilqoean] oq jki^na ] h] qje`]` `alknper] `a aop] _]^a_an]( `qn]jpa h] caope j `ah at ]h_]h`a =npqnk R]haj_e] H lav* P]i^e j na_e^en j aopa na_kjk) _eieajpk h] i]aopn] Nko] N]ikj] Knpac] O]h]v]n( mqeaj bqan] h] lne) ian] iqfan mqa c]j h] lnaoe`aj_e] iqje_el]h `a ?ki]h]( ]o _kik I]n ] Cq]`]hqla =npa]c] Jacna) pa $.,,/%( Ah^] `a h] Rac] L]o_q]h $.,,2% u N]ikj] =u]h] Ikf]nnk $.,,5%( u] mqa h]o pnao p]i^e j k_ql]nkj ah _]nck `a ]h_]h`ao]o( ]qjmqa `a i]jan] ejpanej]* Kpn]o pnao iqfanao mqa na_e^en j aop] lnaoa]( lkn d]^an c]j]`k ah p pqhk `a Naej] `a h] Bane] `a ?khei]( okj I]n ] Aopdan R]haj_e] O j_dav $-540%( Aneg] A`epd Aolejkv] Ckj) v hav $.,,-% u I]n ] Cq]`]hqla `a h] Hqv Rehh]hk^ko $.,,1%( lqao h]o pnao bqankj `ecj]o nalnaoajp]jpao `a h] ^ahhav] _ki]hpa_]( ] jerah aop]p]h* .&
h ]uqjp]ieajpk `a ?khei] u] napen ]lnktei]`]iajpa ] -., lqaopko ]i^qh]jpao mqa atlaj`aj lnk`q_pko _d]p]nn] ] h]o ]bqan]o `a h]o ao_qah]o `ah iqje) _elek( `ek ] _kjk_an ah `ena_pkn `a =^]opk u ?kian_e]hev]_e j( Fko I]np jav L]na`ao* @af aj _h]nk mqa ah napenk `a aopko lqaopko `a hko lh]jpahao a`q_]perko k^a`a_e ] mqa hko _kian_e]jpao ikopn]nkj najqaj_e] ] _]i^e]n hko lnk`q_pko _d]p]nn] lkn kpnko ]heiajpko( p]h u _kik oa hko lnklqok ah ]uqjp]ieajpk* I]np jav L]na`ao lna_eo mqa lkn oan l]n] h] _kiqj] _]lep]hej] qj] lnekne`]` mqa aopko _kian_e]jpao _kjoanraj oqo bqajpao `a ailhak(
aj ah klan]perk l]n] napen]n ] aopko lqaopko ]i^qh]jpao `a h]o ao_qah]o oa hao ejoeope ] h]o lanokj]o aj h] ja_aoe`]` `a mqa oqopepquan]j hko _dqnnepko( l]hkiep]o( ckhkoej]o lkn kpnko lnk`q_pko* Laoa ] h] ejoeopaj_e] `a mqa raj) `ean]j kpnk pelk `a lnk`q_pko u ]qj _q]j`k oa hao ejbkni mqa ah ]np _qhk -2 `a h] Hau `a A`q_]_e j `ah Aop]) `k `a ?khei] lnkd ^a h] rajp] `a lnk`q_pko _d]p]nn] `ajpnk u bqan] `a hko aop]^ha_eieajpko ao_kh]nao( hko _kian_e]jpao i]jpqreankj oq lkopqn] `a _kjpejq]n atlaj`eaj`k hko ieoiko lnk`q_pko( atlqok ah bqj_ekj]nek* Lkn ao] n]v j( ]cnac ( oa `apanie) j napen]n ] hko raj`anko ]i^qh]jpao mqa oa ejop]h]^]j aj 23 ao_qah]o `a a`q_]_e j lnei]ne] _kik okj h] Pknnao Mqejpank( h] Pelk( I]jqah =hp]ien]jk( ]o _kik aj h] oa_qj) `]ne] Ajnemqa ?knkj] Iknb j* = qj] lnacqjp]( `aop]_ mqa okj _kian_e]jpao mqa aop]^]j ]nn]ec]`ko aj h] _kiqje`]` ao_kh]n lknmqa pa) j ]j iq_dko ] ko raj`eaj`k bqan]
`a h]o ao_qah]o( Îej_hqok ah raj`a`kn mqa oa lkja ] bqan] `a h] oa_qj`]ne] Ajnemqa ?knkj] Iknb j `efk pajan /, ] ko raj`eaj`kÏ* Atlqok mqa oa aj_kjpn]nkj _kj _]oko aj mqa ]hcqjko `ena_pknao hao `]^]j ]qpknev]_e j l]n] mqa raj) `ean]j bqan] `a h]o ao_qah]o* ÎD]u ]hcqjko `ena_pknao mqa `ao_kjk_aj h]o nabkni]o ] h] Hau `a A`q_]_e j `ah aop]`k* =qjmqa jk `ao_]np h] lkoe^e) he`]` `a mqa hko _kian_e]jpao na) pen]`ko oa ]il]naj aj ah Pne^qj]h `a hk ?kjpaj_ekok =`iejeopn]perk( Fko I]np jav `efk mqa aopko raj) `a`knao jk peajaj jejc j `ana_dk ]`iejeopn]perk lknmqa h] _kiqj] jk hao _k^n] jejcqj] _qkp]* @efk mqa oa reoep]n j h]o -4, ao) _qah]o ejop]h]`]o aj ah iqje_elek u oa oqlanreo]n mqa hko raj`a`knao napen]`ko jk rqahr]j ] ejop]h]noa bqan] `a h]o ao_qah]o* Ah bqj_ekj]nek i]jebaop mqa okj lk_ko hko raj`a`knao ]i^qh]jpao mqa o ]_alp]nkj _]i^e]n hko lnk) `q_pko _d]p]nn] lkn kpnko* .&
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`a _kmqa( vej_( _]n^Â&#x201C;j jk _kmqe) v]^ha( lhkik( lh]p] u ]vqbna aj ah iao mqa oa nalknp]* Naolapk ]h _kilknp]ieajpk `a h] lnk`q__eÂ&#x201C;j `a iap]hao u ie) jan]hao oe`anÂ&#x2DC;nce_ko $`aopej]`ko ^Â&#x192;oe_]iajpa ] h] b]^ne_]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a ]_ank% aj `e_eai^na l]o]`k( h] lnk`q__eÂ&#x201C;j `a Ă&#x161;annk `ao_aj`eÂ&#x201C; 1*/ lkn _eajpk( _kj 153 ieh 5./ pkjah]`]o7 ieajpn]o mqa h] `a _]n^Â&#x201C;j jk _kmqev]^ha _na_eÂ&#x201C; 0*/ lkn _eajpk _kj 4,/ ieh 2/1 pkja) h]`]o u h] `a _kmqa ]qiajpÂ&#x201C; -2*1 lkn _eajpk( hkcn]j`k -/, ieh 053 pkjah]`]o* .&
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qn]jpa h] _h]qoqn] `ah lne) ian lanek`k kn`ej]nek `a oaoekjao `a h] HRE haceoh]) pqn]( ah lnaoe`ajpa `ah ?kjcnaok `ah Aop]`k( Ajnemqa Nkf]o Knkv_k( `aop]_ h] ]lnk^]_e j `a 41 lnk) ua_pko l]n] kpknc]n lajoe j lkn rafav ] pn]^]f]`knao aop]p]hao( h] _na]_e j `a -/ hauao( ajpna ahh]o h] `a Oacqne`]` L ^he_] l]n] ah aop]`k `a ?khei] u h] ]lnk^]_e j `a .- lqjpko `a ]_qan`k* =uan( hko `elqp]`ko hk_]hao _h]qoqn]nkj ah lneian lan k`k kn`ej]nek `a oaoekjao `ah lneian ] k `a aop] haceoh]pqn] hk_]h( lkn hk p]jpk aopa hqjao ] h]o -, `a h] i] ]j] oa ejop]h]n h] _kieoe j lani]jajpa mqa oa aj_]nc]n `a naokhran u `eo_qpen hko ]oqjpko aj hko mqa pajc] mqa ejpanrajen ah ?kjcnaok( `qn]jpa aopa lanek`k `a na_aok* Aj ah na_qajpk `a hko pn]^]) fko mqa na]hev]nkj hko `elqp]`ko hk_]hao aj aopko lneianko _ej_k iaoao( ah lnaoe`ajpa `ah ?kjcna) ok( Ajnemqa Nkf]o Knkv_k( `ap]hh
i]ukn ] l]n] kpknc]n lajoe j lkn rafav( oa _aha^n]nkj .2 oaoekjao kn`ej]ne]o u 3 okhaijao* =oeieoik( `efk mqa na_e^eankj /. eje_e]per]o i o h]o 3 mqa da) na`]nkj `a h] l]o]`] haceoh]pqn]( ieoi]o mqa lnklkjaj nabkni]o ] h] ?kjopepq_e j hk_]h u ] hauao `ah aop]`k( `a h]o _q]hao `ko bqankj `aoa_d]`]o( qj] napen]`] lkn ah ]qpkn `ah lnkua_pk( -3 `a_nap]`]o u -5 oa aj_qajpn]j aj h] _kjcah]) `kn] ] h] aolan] `a oan ]j]hev]`]o u hhar]`]o ]h lhajk _]i]n]h* Aj ah `aochkoa `a hko pn]^]fko mqa hhar]nkj ] _]^k hko `elqp]`ko hk_]hao( oa `aop]_ h] ]lnk^]_e j _ej_k nabkni]o ] hauao `ah aop]) `k( oa _na]nkj -/ jqar]o hauao( ej_hquaj`k h]o `a Ejcnaoko `ah Aop]`k `a ?khei] u h]o `a hko `eav ]uqjp]ieajpko `a h] ajpe`]` u qj] iejqp] `a nabkni] ] h] ?kjo) pepq_e j Lkh pe_] `a hko Aop]`ko Qje`ko Iate_]jko* P]i^e j oa ]lnk^]nkj hko `a) _napko `ah l]mqapa Úo_]h l]n] ah ] k .,-,( ah `a nabkni] ] `eranoko ]np _qhko `a h] Hau Knc je_] `ah Lk`an Haceoh]perk u oq Nach]iaj) pk7 oa _nak h] Hau `ah Oeopai] `a Oacqne`]` L ^he_] l]n] ah Aop]`k `a ?khei] u h] Hau mqa Nacqh] h]o Naiqjan]_ekjao `a hko Oan) re`knao L ^he_ko `ah Aop]`k u hko Iqje_eleko* .&
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pne^qp]ne]( hko `elqp]`ko lneeop]o lnklkjaj pki]n _kik nabanaj_e] l]n] ah _k^nk `ah eilqaopk lna) `e]h( p]o]n ah r]hkn _]p]opn]h `a hko lna`eko aj o]h]neko i jeiko u i]jpajan ah b]_pkn ] -*-, iqh) pelhe_]`k lkn ah eilqaopk ]jq]h `ah ] k ]jpanekn( aj lna`eko _quk r]hkn _]p]opn]h oa] iajkn ] 0 ieh 41, o]h]neko i jeiko* Aj lna`eko _kj qj r]hkn _]p]o) pn]h _kilnaj`e`k aj qj n]jck `a 0 ieh 41- ] ., ieh .,, o]h]nek i jeiko( oa ]lhe_]n qj b]_pkn `a -*-1 iqhpelhe_]`k lkn ah ei) lqaopk ]jq]h _knnaolkj`eajpa ]h ] k ejia`e]pk ]jpanekn( u aj hko `ah n]jck `a ., ieh .,- ] .3 ieh 1,, o]h]neko i jeiko( oa ]lhe_]n qj b]_pkn `a -*., iqhpelhe_]`k lkn ah eilqaopk ]jq]h _knnaolkj`eajpa ]h ] k ejia`e]pk ]jpanekn* .&
mqa( ] `a_en `a Bn]j_eo_k Nk`n cqav( jk _qilhaj _kj h]o atla_p]per]o `a h] `enecaj_e]* Ej`e_ mqa je_]iajpa oa lna) oajp]nkj hko ej_e`ajpao jkni]hao `a pk`k lnk_aok( _kik h] ]qoaj_e] `a bqj_ekj]neko( h]o amqerk_]_ekjao aj ah l]`n j `a iehep]jpao( Îlank pk`k `ajpnk `a hko _]q_ao jkni]) hao( ao `a_en oej ]_pko cn]rao mqa ail] aj h] rkp]_e jÏ( `efk* = ]`e mqa aj hko iqje_eleko `a ?khei]( ?kmqei]ph j( ?ki]h]( Pa_ki j( I]jv]jehhk( Iej]peph j u =nian ] k^pqrk ah pneqjbk h] lh]jehh] qjk( aj h] mqa l]npe_el]j lanna) `eop]o `a h]o _knneajpao Evmqean`]
Qje`] a Evmqean`] @aik_n pe_] J]_ekj]h $E@J%( ]o _kik hklavk) ^n]`kneop]o* Ieajpn]o mqa aj Rehh] `a ãh) r]nav u ?q]qdp ik_ c]j]nkj hko _]j`e`]pko `a Jqar] Evmqean`]( mqa`]j`k laj`eajpa `a `aÚje) _e j ah iqje_elek `a Etph]dq]_ j( `kj`a d]op] h]o oeapa `a h] p]n`a pk`]r ] jk oa d]^ ]j nalknp]`k naoqhp]`ko* Nk`n cqav C]n_ ] ] ]`e mqa ah ln teik ie n_khao oa na]hev]n ah _kjpak `aÚjeperk `a hko rkpko u hqack oa ]^nen ah lanek`k l]n] h] ejpanlkoe_e j `a eilqcj]_ekjao( Î_kjoe`ank mqa aj iajko `a qj iao
mqeajao naoqhp]nkj aha_pko `a^an j aop]n pki]j`k lnkpaop]Ï* Aj aopa oajpe`k( oa _kilnkiape ] mqa h] _knneajpa Evmqean`] Qje`] jk eilqcj]n hko naoqhp]`ko aj hko iqje_eleko `kj`a jk bqankj b]rkna_e`ko _kj ah rkpk `a h] ie) hep]j_e]* Hqack( Bn]j_eo_k Nk`n cqav ajb]pev mqa `aolq o `ah lnk_aok ejpanjk oacqen h] na_kjopnq__e j `ah LN@( Îaopk ia`e]jpa ]__ekjao iqu _kj_nap]o _kik h] ejpacn]_e j `a _kiep o aj _]`] qj] `a h] oa_) _ekjao aha_pkn]hao u oacqn]iajpa ]d paj`n j l]npe_el]_e j mqeajao dku o]heankj ] rkp]nÏ* .&
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jk( _kik aba_per]iajpa k_qnne `ko dkn]o `aolq o `ah rekhajpk pannaikpk* ÎD]u qj j iank _na_eajpa `a lanokj]o `ao]l]na_e`]oÏ u Îpajck h] _anpav] `a mqa aopko j ianko r]j ] oacqen _na_eaj`kÏ( ]`renpe >]_dahap ] h] _eq`]`]j ]( aj ia`ek `a h]o ]n`q]o p]na]o l]n] d]hh]n ok^narereajpao ^]fk h]o nqej]o u qj pkmqa `a mqa`] mqa ailav ] nacen aj vkj]o ]ba_p]`]o pn]o `eranoko o]mqako* H] `aopnq__e j oa lqa`a k^) oanr]n aj `a_aj]o `a lqajpao _] `ko( a`ebe_eko `annqi^]`ko( r ]o _knp]`]o lkn hko ao_ki^nko( pk`k hk _q]h `ebe_qhp] h] hhac]`] `a ]uq`] ] qj l] o mqa _kilnaj`a qj] h]nc] u aopna_d] bn]jf] `a peann] `a _]oe 4,, ieh gi. fqjpk ] oq vkj] ejoqh]n* Aj `ko nacekjao `ah oqn Í>ek^ k u I]qhaÍ oa `a_h]n ]uan ah Îao) p]`k `a at_al_e j lkn _]p opnkbaÏ lkn /, ` ]o l]n] Îc]n]jpev]n ah kn`aj l ^he_k u ]_ahan]n h] ajpna) c] `a ]uq`]Ï( k^op]_qhev]`] lkn h] bn]_pqn] `a h]o r ]o `a _kiq) je_]_e j( lna_eo h] lnaoe`ajp](
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=ni]`]o* Oa r] ]_pq]n _kj oara) ne`]`( lank `ajpnk `ah _kjpatpk `a h] hauÏ( ]`renpe ah faba iehep]n Cqehhanik N]i nav( hqack `a mqa _ajpaj]nao `a lanokj]o rekhajp]) nkj oqlanian_]`ko aj ^qo_] `a ]heiajpko u lnk`q_pko ^ oe_ko* H] lkhe_ ] ejpajp nalneien hko lehh]fao _kj p]jmqao h]jv] ]cq] u c]oao h]_nei cajko*
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lk`nÂ&#x192;j j]rac]n lkn h] Sa^ .*, `ao`a _kilqp]) `kn]o `a h]o Bqanv]o =ni]) `]o mqa jk _qajpaj _kj i]pane]h oajoe^ha( Ă&#x17D;oeailna u _q]j`k hko iehep]nao jk _kilnkiap]j h] oa) cqne`]` `a h]o klan]_ekjao je oa ejrkhq_naj aj ]_pere`]`ao ehac]hao ] pn]rÂ&#x160;o `a h] na`Ă?( ao `a_en( ]__a`an( `ao_]nc]n k oq^en _kjpaje`k mqa ej_hqu] len]panÂ&#x17D;]( lknjkcn]bÂ&#x17D;] k ]lqaop]o kjheja( ]oÂ&#x17D; _kik _q]hmqean ]_pere`]` `a ejpkhan]j_e] n]_e]h( okj h]o Â&#x2DC;je_]o naopne__ekjao mqa paj`nÂ&#x192;j hko ieai^nko `a h] iehe_e] ]h ]__a`an ] ejpanjap* KĂ&#x161;_e]hao iehep]nao `efankj mqa hko ^ajaĂ&#x161;_eko `a qpehev]n h]o na`ao ok_e]hao u] oqlan]j ] hko neaocko mqa lk`nÂ&#x17D;]j oqlkjan l]n] h] oa) cqne`]`* Ă&#x17D;Oe oÂ&#x201C;hk jko _ajpn]iko aj h] oacqne`]` jk paj`naiko _]l]_e)
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h ailnao]nek ? o]n =i^nev Lqajpa( mqeaj n]) `e_] aj V]_]pa_]o( V]_]pa_]o( lank mqa `ao`a d]_a r]neko iaoao l]o] iq_dk peailk aj ?khei]( u] oa d] _kjranpe`k aj qj dki^na b _ehiajpa na_kjk_e`k aj jqaopn] _eq`]`( `ao`a mqa ah ] k l]o]`k beni]n] qj _kjpn]pk lkn pnao ] ko _kj ah at ]h_]h`a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( Bahela ?nqv ?]hr]) nek( l]n] knc]jev]n _knne`]o bkni]hao aj H] Lap]pan]* H] lkh ie_] oqnce ] bej]hao `ah ] k ]jpanekn( _q]j`k oa eje_e qj] `eolqp] ajpna h] ]_pq]h ]`iejeopn]_e j iqje_el]h u aopa `aop]_]`k ailnao]nek p]qnejk( mqeaj na_h]i]^] oq `ana_dk ] knc]jev]n h]o _knne`]o bkni]hao lkn ah peailk mqa hk aopelqh]^] oq _kjpn]pk* =^kc]`k `a lnkbaoe j( d] paje`k mqa lkjan aj ln _) pe_] oqo _kjk_eieajpko hac]hao l]n] pn]p]n `a na_qlan]n oqo `ana_dko k na_e^en qj] _kilajo]_e j lkn hko `] ko a_kj ie_ko mqa ha d]j k_]oekj]`k aopko lnk^hai]o hac]hao( u bej]hiajpa( ah eila`eiajpk l]n] knc]jev]n hko aj_eannko `a h]o Beaop]o ?d]nnkp]qnej]o `a .,-,* Î= jerah j]_ekj]h h] mqa aop lan`eaj`k iq_dk lnaopecek ao h] lh]v]( u] mqa h]o ]ok_e]_ekjao p]qnej]o aop j reaj`k _kj i]hko kfko aopa atpn] k _]okÏ( d] `e) _dk aopa ailnao]nek aj r]ne]o k_]oekjao( `af]j`k aj _h]nk mqa h aj jejc j ikiajpk mqeana lanfq`e_]n ] h] lh]v]( oejk na_h]i]n qj _kjpn]pk lkn ah mqa u] devk l]cko eje_e]hao* H]iajp] mqa aopa pelk `a ]__ekjao cajanaj Îqj _hei] `a ej_anpe`qi^na d]_e] h] ]be_e j mqa _kj aopa pelk `a
_kjbhe_pko ao h] mqa i o lean`a( `a hko ailnao]neko ao _qaope j `a `ejank7 `a h] beaop] ao h] lqjpehh]Ï* Aop lhaj]iajpa oacqnk mqa oa `aikopn]n h] ran`]` `a hko da_dko( ah ran`]`ank pn]obkj`k `a aopa ]oqjpk( lqao ] j d]u ]__ekjao laj`eajpao `a ailnaj`an( Îu jk laniepenaiko mqa h] ]qpkne`]` iqje_el]h ]_p a ]h i]ncaj `a h] hauÏ* ?kj lnak_ql]_e j `e_a mqa Îah `] k mqa oa d]_a ] h] beaop] ^n]r] ao ennaranoe^ha( _kj pk`k aopa pa]pnk ]n) i]`k lkn ianko _]lne_dko u nar]j_deoiko lkh pe_ko `a jk na_kjk_an h] r]he`av `a qj ]_pk fqn `e_k( aj qj] oepq]_e j `ecj] `a qj] pahajkrah]( lqao h] p]qnki]mqe] jk iana_a aopkÏ* =qjmqa( aj hk lanokj]h( d] paje`k qj] l n`e`] `a _eajpko `a iehao `a laoko( hko _q]hao oa ]cnac]j ] hko `] ko mqa d] k_]oekj]`k aopa _kjbhe_pk* ?qneko]iajpa( aopa lnk^hai] hac]h ha ]^ne lqanp]o aj oq re`] h]^kn]h _kik ]^kc]`k( u] mqa ]jpao `a aopa _kjbhe_pk paj ] kbe_ej]o `ah `aol]_dk fqn `e_k =i^nev u =ok_e]`ko aj aop]`ko _kik V]_]pa_]o u J]u]nep( lank oqo nah]_ekjao l ^he_]o ha d]j `]`k i o _]oko mqa ]paj) `an aj h] _eq`]` `a ?khei]( `kj`a u] ]^ne qj] kbe_ej] `a pn]^]fk* U ao mqa jk okh]iajpa d] paje`k mqa ]paj`an ]__ek) jao fqn `e_]o nah]_ekj]`]o ]h _kjbhe_pk `a H] Lap]pan]( oejk `a r]ne]o lanokj]o mqa hk d]j _kjpn]p]`k aj ?khe) i]( qj] _eq`]` `kj`a ]`ai o d] da_dk r]neko ]iecko* @qn]jpa h] oai]j] aop]n `a nacnaok aj ?khei]( lqao d] `e_dk mqa mqeana i]jpajanoa ]h laj`eajpa d]op] mqa d]u] qj] naokhq_e j `a aopa _kjbhe_pk* .&
/FHPDJPT Qj aopq`ek `a h] Oa_nap]n ] `a h] Bqj_e j L ^he_] ej`e_] mqa aj ah l] o h] ]hp] pn]iepkhkc ] lanoeopa* Lqa`aj `alqn]noa -1 ieh jkni]o ] j recajpao( ]`reanpa Rac] ?]oe)
'SPOUFSBT ?deha* Lnar ah ck^eanjk mqa h] na_kjopnq__e j _qaopa /, ieh iehhkjao `a ` h]nao* Ah iejeopnk `a @abajo] na_kjk_a ah ÎannknÏ ]h jk ]`ranpen `ah arajpq]h poqj]ie*
$VMUVSB ?]nhko Ikjpai]ukn iqne ]uan ] hko 2. ] ko( r _pei] `a qj _ j_an mqa `ao`a d]_a qj]o oai]j]o oa d]^ ] ]cn]r]`k* Oqo naopko bqankj hhar]`ko ] h] =_]`aie] Iate_]j] `a h] Hajcq]*
-B "GJDJuO ?]j]` raj_e ] Aop]`ko Qje`ko aj ah dk_gau l]n] _kjo]cn]n ] hko hk_]hao _kik hko i o c]j]`knao `a lnaoa]o `kn]`]o aj qj] okh] a`e_e j `a hko Fqacko Kh ile_ko _kj -0*