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] nah]_e“j k^oaoer] ?]nhko O]) hej]o)Anjaopk Va`ehhk ao u] qj pai] `a aola_e]heop]o* O]hej]o jqj_] ha lan`kj“ ] Va`ehhk mqa ha dq^ean] aj`ko]`k h] naolkjo]^ehe`]` `a h] _neoeo `a `e_eai^na `a -550 je mqa dq^ean] lnk_ao]`k u aj_]n_ah]`k ] oq dani]jk N]˜h( hk mqa iƒo ^eaj `a^anÂŽ] nalnk_dƒnoahk ] Šopa u jk ] ]mqŠh* Oeaj`k ah `a N]˜h qj ]oqjpk bn]panj]h( ]qjmqa oqo nalan_qoekjao bqankj j]_ekj]hao u `a ejpanŠo l˜^he_k( h] naolkjo]^ehe`]` `a h] lakn _neoeo mqa daiko paje`k hko iate_]jko peaja mqa en iq_dk iƒo ]hhƒ `a h] lqcj] ajpna `ko at lnaoe`ajpao( lqao oq aba_pk bqa `ar]op]`kn l]n] iehhkjao `a iate_]jko* Ah `aoaj_qajpnk iƒo na_eajpa ao qj] naa`e_e“j `a h] `eolqp] lkn ah `aopejk `a h] ^]j_]( mqa O]hej]o raj`e“( o]hrk lk_]o at) _al_ekjao( ] qj] l]j`ehh] `a `ahej_qajpao mqa ]_]^]nkj ao_kj`e`ko aj ah atpn]jfank u jk aj h] _ƒn_ah lkn h] ah]ope_e`]`( _“ilhe) _a( `a h]o hauao iate_]j]o u `a h]o bknpqj]o i]h d]^e`]o mqa hao laniepeankj _kiln]n ]^kc]`ko u _kjraj_an fqa_ao* Lank ah lnk_aok lner]pev]`kn `a h] ^]j_] aj peailko `a O]hej]o bqa qj `ao]opna( p]jpk( mqa ]_]^]nkj aj i]jko `a atpn]jfanko( `a jqark o]hrk at_al_ekjao( oeaj`k h] iƒo eilknp]jpa h] `a Nk^anpk Ckjvƒhav u >]jknpa* =dkn] h] `eo_qoe“j nah]jv]`] lkn O]hej]o ao ok^na h] `ar]hq]_e“j u `a mqeŠj `a^e“ d]) _anh]( oe Šh k( `a jqark( Va`ehhk* H] ran`]` ao mqa ah ., `a jkreai^na `a -550( ] qj iao `a h] `ar]hq]_e“j `ah -5 `e) _eai^na( oa lh]jpa“ ah pai] aj _]o] `a O]he) j]o( `qn]jpa qj] na_al_e“j _kj ikperk `ah ]jerano]nek `a h] Narkhq_e“j u ] `eav `ÂŽ]o `ah Ăšj `a oq ck^eanjk* =hhÂŽ( Va`ehhk( lnaoe`ajpa aha_pk( ha lh]jpa“ mqa `ar]hq]n] ]jpao `a `af]n ah ck^eanjk( ] hk mqa O]hej]o ha naolkj`e“ mqa jk ha `]^] peailk l]n] `]nha oacqeieajpk* La`nk =ola( oq oa_nap]nek `a D]_eaj`]( hao `efk mqa oe o“hk oq^ÂŽ]j ah pa_dk `a h] ^]j`] `a Ă›kp]_e“j -1 lkn _eajpk( ah laok oa `ar]) hq]nÂŽ] 1, lkn _eajpk( _kik oa _kjĂšni]nÂŽ] qj iao `aolqŠo* =hhÂŽ oa lnklqok mqa =ola lani]ja_ean] qj ]Â’k aj D]_eaj`] l]n] klan]n h] `ar]hq]) _e“j( _kj oq najqj_e] Ăšni]`] oej ba_d]( hk mqa na_d]v]nkj Va`ehhk u oq lneian pepqh]n `a D]_eaj`]( F]eia Oann]* =oÂŽ oa har]jp]nkj `a ]mqahh] iao] ah ., `a jkreai^na `a -550 u ]oÂŽ jko bqa ] l]npen `ah -5 `a `e_eai^na( .5 `ÂŽ]o `aolqŠo* Dku O]hej]o oecqa aj ah pai] u Va`ehhk ecjk) nƒj`khk( _kj hk mqa jko kbaj`aj ] pk`ko*

H;J7B;I -* RAJ?E@=* Lqao j]`]( mqa i]Â’]j] p]ilk_k o]h`nƒ h] he_aj_e] `a ?Šo]n J]r] aj O]j Hƒv]nk* Oanƒ d]op] ah ln“teik i]npao7 .* IĂŚOPE?K* Can]n`k >qc]jv] `efk ]uan ]`e“o ]h L=J lkn h] _]j`e`]pqn] `a Iecqah ĂŁjcah Uqjao( hk mqa ha oecqa ]heja]j`k hko ]opnko aha_pkn]hao ] Be`ah Dannan]7 u /* BENI=* ÂźLkn mqŠ >a]pnev L]na`ao u ?Š) o]n J]r] d]^nƒj jac]`k h] ateopaj_e] `a qj ]_qan`k ck^eanjk)L=J)LNE l]n] ah Aop]`k `a IŠte_k _q]j`k ]i^ko hk Ăšni]nkj; Jko raiko i]Â’]j]( lank aj lner]`k* .D

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h _kkn`ej]`kn `a hko `elqp]`ko `ah L=J( N]u) iqj`k Ckjvƒhav O]h) `]Â’]( _kjoe`an“ ej]_al) p]^ha mqa ah L]npe`k `ah Pn]^]fk $LP%( ] pn]rŠo `a oq cnqlk Peann] u He^anp]`( oa d]u] ]lnkle]`k `a qj] bn]__e“j `a pannajk mqa lan) paja_a ] h] Bqj`]_e“j P]pk( `kj`a oa _kjopnqenÂŽ] qj _ajpnk l]n] jeÂ’ko ]qpeop]o* H] rÂŽolan] oa `ek ] _kjk_an mqa h] bqj`]_e“j lapeop]( ieoi] mqa ]`iejeopn] hko ?ajpnko `a @ao]) nnkhhk Ejb]jpeh $?aj`e%( oa ]lnkle“ `a qj] bn]__e“j `a pannajk `kj`a h] Bqj`]_e“j P]pk a`ebe_]nÂŽ] qj _]ilqo l]n] h] ]paj_e“j ejpacn]h `a jeÂ’ko _kj ]qpeoik* =h naola_pk( N]uiqj`k Ckj) vƒhav `ap]hh“ mqa aba_per]iajpa ah LP _qajp] _kj qj pannajk `a 0 ieh 1,, iapnko _q]`n]`ko mqa ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h ha `kj“ aj Rehh] Ev_]hhe( ĂŽ] hk mqa hqack oa ]jat]) nkj kpnko ieh 1,, iapnko mqa hao `kj“ ah ]uqjp]ieajpk `a Rehh] `a ĂŁhr]navĂ?* Ej`e_“ mqa jk _kjbknia _kj hk ]jpanekn( ah cnqlk Peann] u He^anp]`

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Ajb]pev“ mqa ah pannajk `ah mqa d]^h] h] nalnaoajp]jpa `a P]pk jqj_] d] lanpaja_e`k ] aop] bqj`]_e“j( u ]beni“ mqa aopa knc]jeoik `a ]lkuk ] h]o lanokj]o ]qpeop]o jk _qajp] _kj jejc˜j `k_qiajpk mqa ]r]ha h] lnk) lea`]` k lkoe_e“j hac]h `ah ieoik* ĂŽD]u qj okhe_epq` mqa lnaoajp]nkj ]jpa ah ck^anj]`kn `ah aop]`k7 _q]j`k _khk_]nkj h] lneian] lea`n] oa hao `ek qj `k_qiajpk `kj`a `a_ÂŽ] mqa aop]^]

aj pnƒiepa( lank $ah lna`ek% jqj_] bqa `a ahhkoĂ?( ]ncqiajp“ L]`ehh]* =h ]oacqn]n mqa P]pk ]˜j jk _qajp] _kj ah lnkua_pk afa_qperk `a aopa _]ilqo( naepan“ h] `eolkoe_e“j `ah LP `a ]uq`]nhko aj h] caope“j `a -, iehhkjao `a laoko l]n] h] _kjopnq__e“j `a aop] k^n]* L]`ehh] LaÂ’] ej`e_“ mqa oe ^eaj ah ?kjcnaok `ah Aop]`k ]qpknev“ h] `kj]_e“j `a / ieh 1,, iapnko _q])

_kiajv“ ] _kjopnqen( oej jejcqj] ]qpknev]_e“j( aj qj pannajk mqa oe ^eaj jk d] oe`k `kj]`k kbe_e]h) iajpa ] h] Bqj`]_e“j P]pk( oÂŽ aop]^] _kilnkiape`] qj] _aoe“j `a 2 ieh iapnko _q]`n]`ko* OaÂ’]h“ mqa aoa pannajk u] oa na`qfk ] 0 ieh 1,, iapnko( ĂŽlknmqa ah LP hao mqep“ ieh 1,, iapnko ] h] ^n]r]( `kj`a ej_hqok u] _kjo) pnquankj kpn] ejbn]aopnq_pqn] u ]dkn] oÂŽ( u] aopƒj okhe_ep]j`k h] `kj]_e“j `a ao] bn]__e“j `ah lna`ek( _q]j`k u] _kjopnquankj oej lanieokĂ?* Ah _kkn`ej]`kn `a =__e“j J]_ek) j]h i]jebaop“ mqa ao] lape_e“j u] bqa ]paj`e`] lkn ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h a ej_hqok u] oa ajre“ h] eje_e]per] ]h ?kjcnaok `ah Aop]`k l]n] ajpna) c]nha ao] bn]__e“j `a pannajk ]h LP( ĂŽ_kj hk mqa jkokpnko jk aop]iko `a ]_qan`k( lknmqa aopa lnk_a`e) ieajpk jk oa devk ^eajĂ?* Ah `elqp]`k l]jeop] na_kn`“ mqa `qn]jpa h] ]`iejeopn]_e“j `a Bahela ?nqv( oa _h]qoqn“ d]op] aj `ko k_]oekjao h] _kjopnq__e“j `ah ?aj`e( ĂŽoej ai^]nck( hko `enecajpao `ah LP na]hev]nkj qj] lnkpaop] _kj l]`nao `a b]iehe] u ajpkj_ao oa `af“ l]o]n h] ennacqh]ne`]`Ă?* N]uiqj`k Ckjvƒhav oa lnk) jqj_e“ ] b]rkn `a mqa h] Bqj`]_e“j P]pk na_e^] ah pannajk `a 0 ieh 1,, iapnko( _kj h] bej]he`]` `a mqa ahhko lqa`]j laniqp]n `e_dk pannajk _kj kpnk lna`ek iƒo cn]j`a( ah _q]h lq`ean] oan `kj]`k lkn ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h* Bej]hiajpa( ah _kkn`ej]`kn ^h]jmqe]vqh aocneie“ mqa aj aopa _]ok oa aopƒ oajp]j`k qj i]h lna) _a`ajpa( ĂŽlk`nÂŽ] ajpaj`anoa mqa ] mqeaj ]c]j`]hh] u _kjopnqua oej lanieok( na_e^a qj lnaiekĂ? .&* `n]`ko l]n] _kjopnqen ah ?aj`e u ah ]uqjp]ieajpk `a Rehh] `a ĂŁhr]nav `kj“ qj] oqlanbe_ea `a - ieh .,, iapnko _q]`n]`ko( an] ja_ao]nek ]ilhe]n ah lnkua_pk l]n] _kjopnqen qj] ]h^an_] u qj] _]j_d] `a qoko i˜hpelhao( lkn hk mqa aj .,,4 ha okhe_ep“ ]h ajpkj_ao ck^anj]`kn Oehranek ?]r]vko ?a^]hhko qj] atpajoe“j `ah pannajk* ?]r]vko aopqrk `a ]_qan`k _kj h] ]ilhe]_e“j `ah lnkua_pk( u oqcene“ mqa oa pn]iep]nƒ h] okhe_epq` _knnaolkj`eajpa( oac˜j Fkah L]`ehh]* ĂŽBqa hk mqa oa devk( aoa pnƒiepa r] _]iej]j`k( lank _kik qnca aoa ?aj`e oa bqa _kjopnquaj`k l]n]hah]iajpa ] h] caope“j l]n] h] `kj]) _e“j( u ao ]oÂŽ _kik u] aopƒ _kjopnqe`] h] ]h^an_] u _]j_d] `a qoko i˜hpelhao* ?kj h] ]jqaj_e] `ah ck^anj]`kn oa eje_e“ h] k_ql]_e“j `ah pannajk u _kjopnq__e“jĂ?( nai]p“ ah lkhÂŽpe_k lapeop]* .D

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ao o Kor]h`k Okh o ?]nnehhk( `ena_pkn `a K^n]o L ^he_]o u @ao]nnkhhk Qn^]jk aj ah iqje) _elek `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( _kjoe`an mqa ah lnk^hai] aj ah pannajk `kj`a bqa _kjopnqe`k ah ?aj`e `ah LP( aj h] vkj] jknpa rehh]hr]najoa $lna`ek `kj`a p]i^e j oa paj ] lh]ja]`] h] a`ebe_]_e j `a qj] ao_qah] l]n] ]qpeop]o( ] pn]r o `a h] Bqj`]_e j P]pk%( `a^a oan naoqahpk ajpna hko ejrkhq_n]`ko `ena_pko( mqa okj ah ck^eanjk `ah aop]`k `a ?khei]( hko `enecajpao `ah ?aj`e( u h] ieoi] Bqj`]_e j P]pk( l]n] arep]n mqa aopa _]ok oa lkhepe_a u oa Îl]npe`e_aÏ* =jpao mqa j]`]( ah ]nmqepa_pk Okh o ?]nnehhk atlhe_ mqa ah hqc]n `kj`a aop q^e_]`k ah ?aj`e `ah LP aj Rehh] `a ãhr]nav aop _kj) bkni]`k lkn Îqj pannajk _kj qok `a oqahk `a amqel]ieajpk ran`a( ieajpn]o mqa kpn] oa__e j lanpaja_a ]h ck^eanjk aop]p]h( u kpn] lkn_e j ]h ck^eanjk iqje_el]hÏ* =^qj` mqa l]n] ah ]uqj) p]ieajpk `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav h] deopkne] `ah ?aj`e d] oe`k pk`k qj _]ok hhajk `a ej_kjoeopaj_e]o* ÎL]n] aop] k^n]( oa lnaoajp]nkj `ko k pnao lnkua_pko7 u] mqa aj lne) ian] ejop]j_e] oa lnaoajp qjk( lank oa _kjopnqu qj lnkua_pk `ebanajpa( u `aolq o lnaoajp]) nkj qjk `eopejpk( l]n] paniej]n ]`fq`e_ j`koa l]npa `ah pannajk

iqje_el]h( mqa lkopanekniajpa bqa `kj]`k lkn ah iqje_elek( u] `a i]jan] k^hec]`]( ]h ?aj`eÏ* @a aop] i]jan] o]he ]ba_p]`] h] Bqj`]_e j P]pk( mqa u] jk lq`k na_e^en ah pannajk `kj`a _kjopnqen ] oq lnkua_pk( ]cnac * Qjk `a hko lnk^hai]o lkn hko mqa jk oa d] lk`e`k ]^nen aopa ?aj`e ao lknmqa h] ]`iejeopn]_e j `a aopa _ajpnk jk d] lnaoajp]`k r]neko lnk) ua_pko( _kik ao ah aopq`ek `a re]he`]` mqa oa `a^a d]_an aj qj _ajpnk `a aopa pelk( lqao oa lnar mqa d]^n ] qj] _kjcaope j re]h eilknp]jpa( ajpna h]o ,36/, dkn]o u h]o ,46,, `a h] i] ]j]( aj mqa oa na_e^en ]j ] hko ]lnktei]`]iajpa .,, je ko mqa ]oeopen ]j ] aopa _ajpnk* ÎHko ]qpko mqa hhac]j( i o ah pn be_k rade_qh]n mqa ^]f] u oq^a lkn aop] re]he`]` d]n ]j qj _qahhk `a ^kpahh] iqu _kilhe_]`kÏ( ej`e_ Okh o* Kpnk lnk^hai] ao mqa jk d]u aop]_ekj]ieajpk l]n] hko pn]^]) f]`knao( i]aopnko u ]`iejeopn]pe) rko `a aopa ?aj`e( lkn hk mqa Îhko ra_ejko oa ran ]j ]ba_p]`ko lkn h] _]jpe`]` `a ]qpko mqa paj`n ]j mqa ^qo_]n aol]_ek `a aop]_ekj]ieajpk aj aop]o _]hhao ]ha`] ]oÏ* Kor]h`k Okh o i]jebaop mqa ah ]uqjp]ieajpk rehh]hr]najoa oeailna d] aop]`k _kj h]o lqan) p]o ]^eanp]o( u okh]iajpa aop j ] h] aolan] `a mqa hko `enecajpao `ah ?aj`e na]he_aj pk`ko hko pn iepao `a hau* ?kik afailhk( atlqok mqa ej_hqok u] d]j ]oecj]`k qj j iank `a _]hha kbe_e]h* ÎU] daiko lh]pe) _]`k _kj h] `enecaj_e] `ah ?aj`e( mqa d]c]j pk`ko hko lnk_aoko `a ]_qan`k ] h] hac]he`]`( u lnkjpk lk`n j naokhranoa pk`ko hko lnk) ^hai]oÏ( bej]hev * .&

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]n] mqa h] nemqav] jk oa mqa`a je_]iajpa ajpna hko l]pnkjao u l]n] mqa oa iafkna ah jerah `a re`] `a hko pn]^]f]`knao( ]uan( ah ck^anj]`kn I]nek =jcqe]jk( ah pepqh]n `a h] Oa_nap]n ] `ah Pn]^]fk u Lnarej) oe j Ok_e]h $OPuLO%( F]rean Hkv]jk =h]n_ j( ]o _kik h `anao oej`e) _]hao u ailnao]neko _kheiajoao Úni]nkj ah _kjrajek aop]p]h l]n] h] lnk`q_pere`]` h]^kn]h* Aj ah aj_qajpnk mqa oa hhar ] _]^k aj ah o]h j `a ck^anj]`knao( ah oa_nap]nek `ah Pn]^]fk ej`e_ mqa ?khei] ao ah mqejpk aop]`k mqa _aha^n] qj] Úni] `a _kjrajek l]n] hk lnk`q_pere`]`( lkn hk mqa bahe_ep ] h] ajpe`]` lkn aoa hkcnk* Oa ]h mqa hko aomqai]o `a lnk) `q_pere`]` h]^kn]h `a^an j ]fqop]noa ] h]o ja_aoe`]`ao u _en_qjop]j_e]o `a _]`] ailnao]( naolap]j`k hko `ana_dko `a hko pn]^]f]`knao u b]) _ehep]j`k ah `e hkck ajpna l]pnkjao u pn]^]f]`knao* Aj aopa oajpe`k( ]Úni mqa oe qj aop]`k k qj l] o okj i o _kilapeperko( ajpkj_ao naoqhp] i o ]pn]_perk l]n] h] ejranoe j( Îu ]h d]_anoa aok _na]iko iafk) nao ailhako* Jk d]u b niqh]o je okhq_ekjao i ce_]o7 ] pn]r o `a i o ejranoekjao u iafkn _kilape) pere`]` ao _kik oa lqa`a iafkn]n ah o]h]nek `a h] cajpaÏ( ]Úni ah bqj_ekj]nek ba`an]h*

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(SVQP .BS SFEVDJSf BDDJEFOUFT ;d [b fk[hje Z[ CWdpWd_bbe" [b i[Yh[jWh_e Z[ JhWXW`e" F]) rean Hkv]jk =h]n_ j( u ah cnqlk I]n aj_]^av]`k lkn =jpkjek Oq nav Cqpe nnav( beni]nkj ah _kjrajek `ah Lnkcn]i] `a =q) pkcaope j aj Oacqne`]` u O]hq` aj ah Pn]^]fk $L=OOP%* Ah oa_nap]nek ejbkni mqa ah cnqlk I]n ao h] lneian] ailnao] aj ?k) hei] mqa oecj] aopa ]_qan`k( ah _q]h laniepen na`q_en d]op] aj qj 3, lkn _eajpk hko ]__e`ajpao h]^kn]hao* Hqack ejrep ] hko `ai o ailnao]neko ] qjenoa aj aopa aomqai] `a pn]^]fk mqa ^ajabe_e] ] h] ailnao]* Bqa lna_eo]iajpa aj I]jv]jehhk `kj`a ah pepqh]n `a Pn]^]fk ]beni mqa ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h jk ha d]^ ] kbna_e`k jejcqj] `eo_qhl] lkn jk d]^anhk na_e^e`k aj oq cen] `a pn]^]fk lkn h] ajpe`]`* 9eb_cW3?C>

Oej ai^]nck( iejqpko `aolq o ah bqj_ekj]nek ba`an]h _nepe_ mqa ah ] k l]o]`k h] ajpe`]` d]u] ao) p]`k aj hko jerahao i o ^]fko `a

h] cajan]_e j `a ailhak( u oko) pqrk mqa aj h] ajpe`]` ah o]h]nek lnkia`ek ]h ` ] ao `a .,. laoko `e]neko( ao `a_en 2 ieh .,, laoko

]h iao( _q]j`k ] jerah j]_ekj]h ao `a 3 ieh laoko iajoq]hao* Aopko oa ]h]ieajpko( de_eankj mqa ah ck^anj]`kn I]nek =jcqe]jk Iknajk lqjpq]hev]n] mqa ]laj]o peaja _q]pnk iaoao aj ah _]nck( lank aj aopa peailk d] na]hev]`k qj] oanea `a iafkn]o aj `alaj`aj_e]o _h]rao `ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h _kik ah Naceopnk L ^he_k `a h] Lnklea`]` k h] @ena__e j `a Pn]jolknpao( `kj`a hko pn iepao _kj_hquaj ah ieoik ` ] `a d]^anoa pn]iep]`k* =oeieoik( ]Úni mqa hq_d]n lkn mqa ah oeopai] j]_ekj]h `a ai) lhak aj ?khei] oa klpeie_a( l]n] mqa oa] qj ran`]`ank cajan]`kn `a klknpqje`]`ao `a pn]^]fk* Ah i]j) `]p]nek oa _kilnkiape ] eilqho]n h] _kjopnq__e j `ah pa_jkl]nmqa( lnkua_pk mqa cajan]n ailhako l]n] lnkbaoekjeop]o _kheiajoao* .D

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h oa_nap]nek `ah Pn]^]fk u Lnareoe j Ok_e]h( F]rean Hk) v]jk =h]n_ j( oa mqaf `a mqa ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h ha _]j_ah h] _kjbanaj_e] `a lnajo] mqa e^] ] kbna_an( `aolq o `a mqa _kj_hqu ah arajpk `a Úni] `a ]_qan`k l]n] h] lnk`q_pere`]` h]^kn]h* @aolq o `a d]^an aop]`k aj ah `aol]_dk `ah ck^anj]`kn I]nek =jcqe]jk Iknajk( lkn aol]_ek `a _ej_k iejqpko( ah bqj_ekj]nek ba`an]h ]^]j`kj ah `aol]_dk ]_kil] ]`k lkn oq _kieper] u o hk `efk mqa ha d]^ ]j _]j_ah]`k oq _kjbanaj_e] u

mqa ha d]^ ]j mqep]`k ah aol]_ek7 Îhk h]iajpkÏ( `efk* @aolq o( aj qj] ajpnareop]( ah bqj_ekj]nek oa lnkjqj_e ] b]rkn `a h] nabkni] h]^kn]h( l]n] mqa aj ah l] o d]u] i]uknao ejranoekjao u ailhak u okopqrk mqa h] `alaj) `aj_e] ] oq _]nck jk aop aj _kjpn] `a hko `ana_dko `a hko pn]^]f]`knao( lank o aop ] b]rkn `a h] cajan]_e j `a jqar]o lh]v]o* F]rean Hkv]jk `af _h]nk mqa h] lnklqaop] `a nabkni] h]^kn]h mqa aop okhe_ep]j`k h] oa_nap]n ] `ah Pn]^]fk jk _kjpailh] h] `ao) ]l]ne_e j `a oej`e_]pko6 Îaok ao qj ]^oqn`kÏ( `efk*

Hqack naÚne mqa h]o `ebanaj) _e]o mqa ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h d] paje`k _kj ah oej`e_]pk iejank u aha_pne_eop] jk oecjeÚ_] mqa h] ]`iejeopn]_e j `a Bahela ?]h`a) n j Dejkfko] aop aj _kjpn] `ah oej`e_]heoik Îokj ]^okhqp]iaj) pa ja_ao]neko( lank ja_aoep]iko `eopejcqen ajpna ah oej`e_]heoik naolkjo]^ha( u jk aj ah `a h `anao _knnqlpkoÏ* Aj h] ajpnareop] mqa _kj_a`e iejqpko ]jpao `a napen]noa `a L]) h]_ek `a Ck^eanjk( ah oa_nap]nek `a Pn]^]fk ]Úni mqa jk jack_e]n j _kj ]mqahhko oej`e_]pko mqa o hk mqean]j _d]jp]fa]n Î]lhe_]naiko

h] hau _kj pk`k ah neckn $Å% mqeajao paiaj ] h]o nabkni]o `a bkj`k( o]^aj mqa oa hao lqa`a ]_]^]n hko lnerehacekoÏ `efk* Iejqpko ]jpao `a h] ajpnareo) p]( aopqrk ] lqanp] _ann]`] aj ah `aol]_dk `ah ck^anj]`kn lkn ao) l]_ek `a _ej_k iejqpko( ]h o]hen `ah hqc]n oa jkpeÚ_ mqa h] nqa`] `a lnajo] mqa kbna_an ] oa d]^ ] _]j_ah]`k* Paopecko ]Úni]nkj mqa ]jpao `a ]^]j`kj]n ah `aol]_dk `ah ck) ^anj]`kn( ah oa_nap]nek `ah Pn]) ^]fk je_]iajpa oa `aole`e `ah i]j`]p]nek _kheiajoa `e_e j`kha Î]`e o( ck^anj]`knÏ* .D

h pepqh]n `a h] Oa_nap]n ] `a Bkiajpk A_kj ie_k `a ck^eanjk `ah aop]`k( N]b]ah Cqpe nnav Rehh]hk^ko( `af ]^eanp] h] lkoe^ehe`]` `a mqa oa napn]oa h] _kjopnq__e j `ah c]ok`q_pk `a I]jv]jehhk)Cq]`]h]f]n]( k^n] mqa h] ailnao] Ajanc ] K__e`ajpa `a I te_k behe]h `a Pn]jo ?]j]` lnkua_p]^] eje_e]n aj i]nvk* Ajpnareop]`k ok^na ah pai]( ]pne^qu aopa napn]ok ] mqa h] ailnao] Ìmqa c]j h] he_ep]_e j `a h] ?kieoe j Ba`an]h `a Aha_) pne_e`]` l]n] oqiejeopn]n 1,, leao _ ^e_ko `a c]o j]pqn]h lkn .1 ] koÌ jk _qajp] _kj h] pkp]he`]` `a hko lanieoko `a _kjopnq__e j `a hko iqje_eleko lkn `kj`a r] ] l]o]n aop] k^n] Ìmqa paj`n qj] hkjcepq` `a /,0 geh iapnko `a hkjcepq`* =qj _q]j`k jk _ep mq ]uqj) p]ieajpko jk d]j atla`e`k h]o he_aj_e]o `a _kjopnq__e j ] Ajan) c ] K__e`ajpa `a I te_k( ej`e_ mqa aopko lanieoko iqje_el]hao jk oa d]j kpknc]`k lknmqa h] ailnao] jk d] _kilhap]`k hko atla`eajpao l]n] na]hev]n aopa pn iepa lkn ]hcqjko `ap]hhao _kj hko pannajko $lkn ` j`a r] ] l]o]n h] k^n]%* Oej ai^]nck( Cqpe nnav Rehh]) hk^ko oq^n]u mqa ah ck^eanjk `ah aop]`k( ] pn]r o `a h] Oa_nap]n ] `a @ao]nnkhhk Qn^]jk $Oabkia%( aop d]_eaj`k h]o caopekjao ja_a) o]ne]o ]jpa hko ]uqjp]ieajpko l]n] mqa oa ]cehe_aj hko peailko aj h] ]qpknev]_e j `a hko lanieoko iqje_el]hao* Ah oa_nap]nek `a Bkiajpk A_k) j ie_k `ah ck^eanjk `ah aop]`k atlqok mqa oa aop ]r]jv]j`k aj h] k^paj_e j `a h]o he_aj_e]o `a _kjopnq__e j u ]cnac mqa ]h l]na_an h] ailnao] u] _kilhap hko atla`eajpao l]n] pn]iep]n hko lanieoko aj ]hcqjko iqje_eleko `a h] ajpe`]`* = qj] lnacqjp]( `efk `ao_k) jk_an lkn _q jpk peailk lk`n ] napn]o]oa ah eje_ek `a _kjopnq_) _e j `ah c]ok`q_pk7 oej ai^]nck( i]jebaop mqa h] ailnao] lk`n oqlan]n aopa ]oqjpk a eje_e]n aop] k^n] aj hko iqje_eleko aj `kj`a u] aop lkn k^pajan h]o he_aj_e]o `a _kjopnq__e j* Ao `a na_kn`]n mqa ah c]ok`q_pk l]o]n lkn I]jv]jehhk( =nian ]( Pa_ki j( Etph]dq]_ j( ?khei] u ?q]qdp ik_* .D

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n]^]f]`knao oej`e_]hev]`ko `ah ]uqjp]ieajpk `a ?khe) i]( ] pn]r o `a oq `enecajpa( D _pkn =npqnk Ha j =h]i( i]je) baop]nkj oq ej_kjbknie`]` lknmqa h]o ]qpkne`]`ao iqje_el]hao oej _kjoajok ]hcqjk _]i^e]nkj `a ejopepq_e j ^]j_]ne] l]n] l]c]n h] j iej]( oepq]_e j mqa( oa ]h]nkj( ao lanfq`e_e]h l]n] hko ^qn _n]p]o iqje_el]hao( lknmqa lean`aj h] h ja] `a _n `epk u jk d]u klkn) pqje`]` `a l]ck `a ln op]iko ]`mqene`ko _kj kpn]o ejop]j_e]o Új]j_ean]o* Ha j =h]i ej`e_ mqa oe ^eaj ah ]h_]h`a Ecj]_ek Lan]hp] O j_dav ejrep ] h] `enecaj_e] oej`e_]h ] qj] naqje j aj h] _q]h nalnaoajp]jpao `a >]j]iat hao lnaoajp h] lnklqao) p] l]n] mqa oa l]c]n] h] j iej] `a hko pn]^]f]`knao lkn ia`ek `a aop] ejopepq_e j( ah oej`e_]pk jk ]oqie _kilnkieok `a ]_alp]n `e_dk lh]jpa]ieajpk* I]jebaop mqa hko pn]^]f]`knao na_d]v]j ah _]i^ek `a ejopepq_e j Új]j_ean] l]n] na_e^en ah l]ck `a h] j iej] lknmqa jk hao ^ajaÚ_e] aj j]`]( pk`] rav mqa( na_kn` ( aj h] l]o]`] ]`iejeopn]_e j oa _]i^e `a ^]j_k u aok ha cajan `eranoko lnk^hai]o ] hko oej`e_]hev]`ko mqa paj ]j _n `epko ^]j_]neko* Atlhe_ mqa ]jpanekniajpa oa pn]^]f]^] _kj >]jknpa( ejope) pq_e j _kj h] _q]h hko pn]^]f]`knao paj ]j _n `epko( lank ]h _]i^e]n ]

> Yjeh 7hjkhe B[ d 7bWc O]jp]j`an Îjko ]ba_p ( lknmqa ah ^]j_k oa _kilnkiape ] _kiln]n h]o _]npan]o `a hko ln op]iko `a kpnko ^]j_ko l]n] mqa lq`e n]) iko oacqen l]c]j`k $hko _n `epko%( lank h] pn]jobanaj_e] jk oa devk ] peailk( hk _q]h k_]oekj mqa hko pn]^]f]`knao l]c]n j ]hpko ejpanaoao u ]hcqjko bqan]j ai^]nc]`ko lkn ej_qilheieajpk aj ah l]ckÏ* Ha j =h]i _kjoe`an mqa ah _]i^ek `a ^]j_k k^a`a_a ] ej) panaoao Îlanokj]h oeiko `a h] ]`) iejeopn]_e j iqje_el]h( lknmqa oq^]op]j h] j iej]( u ah ^]j_k mqa i o ]lku] ao ]h mqa oa h] `]jÏ* ÎOe h] cajpa `a h] ]`iejeopn]) _e j iqje_el]h oa jeac] ] pajan qj ]_qan`k _kj ah oej`e_]pk l]n] mqa oa _kjoanra ah l]ck `a h] mqej_aj] aj ah ^]j_k mqa mqeanaj hko pn]^]) f]`knao( aj qj ikiajpk `]`k ]_q) `en ]iko ] hk mqa h] hau jko ej`e_] u jko paj`n ]j mqa l]c]n _kj _damqa( u oa `a^aj lnal]n]n ] l]c]njko ] l]npen `a aop] mqej_aj]( lknmqa jk aop]iko aj _kj`e_ekjao `a ]_alp]n qj _]i^ek `a ^]j_k aj aopko ik) iajpkoÏ( lqjpq]hev * .&

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oe oan ]lnk^]`] k jk( lqao h] oaoe j `a _]^eh`k `a dku fqarao lk`n ] ej_hqen aopa lqjpk `a ]_qan`k( `a jk oan ]o ( oa lkolkj`n ]* Qj] rav mqa oa ` ] _kjk_an ah naoqhp]`k `a h] lape_e j `a ]q) iajpk( ajpkj_ao h] `enecajpa `ah oej`e_]pk `a pn]^]f]`knao `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav oa ran _kj lkoe^ehe`]`ao `a lnaoajp]n aopa jqark _kjpn]pk _kha_perk* Aj _q]jpk ] h] lnklqaop] `a ^]oeÚ_]_e j `a pn]^]f]`knao l]n] aopa ] k( ej`e_ mqa aolan]n j d]op] ah iao `a k_pq^na( _q]j`k oa nej`] ah ejbknia `a h]^knao `a >naj`] Cqpe nnav( l]n] d]_an h] lnklqaop] lkn l]npa `a aopa oej`e_]pk( lqao lkn ah ikiajpk jk oa ran jejc j pn iepa ]h naola_pk*.&

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abe_eajpao aopnq_pqn]hao( h] kl_e j `a qpehev]n jqarko i]pane]hao k jqarko pelko `a `eoa k( d]_an qj] nareoe j _kilhap] l]n] oan _kdanajpa _kj h] Jkni] Kbe_e]h Iate_]j] mqa oa aop ah]^kn]j`kÏ( ]lqjp h] ]nmqepa_p]( aj ajpnareop] l]n] IEHAJEK ?KHEI=* ?]`] qjk `a hko ck^eanjko hk) _]hao `a^a `apa_p]n h]o vkj]o `a rqhjan]^ehe`]` u lnaran ` j`a oa _kj_ajpn]n ]j hko `] ko aj _]ok `a mqa ]vkpa qj pannaikpk `a ahar]`] i]cjepq`* ÎJk o]^aiko _q h ao h] bqanv] `a hko oeoiko mqa reajaj( lkn hk p]jpk jk o]^aiko oe r]iko ] aop]n _]l]_ep]`ko l]n] naoeopen( oej ai^]nck d]u mqa na_kjk_an mqa d]u qj] cn]j _]l]_e`]` `a naolqaop] ejia`e]p] l]n] ]paj`an aopko _]okoÏ* Ah pannaikpk `a .,,/ `arah h]o vkj]o rqhjan]^hao `a jqaopnk aop]`k( lank p]i^e j oenre l]n] a`eÚ_]n h]o jqar]o _kjopnq__ekjao _kj ^]oa aj hk aop]^ha_e`k aj hko nach]iajpko6 Î@a pk`ko ik`ko( ?khei] peaja qj] cn]j atlaneaj) _e] aj nah]_e j ] _]p opnkba( jk oa ao_]pei] aj h] oacqne`]` `a h]o _kjopnq__ekjao6 hko dkolep]hao u h]o ao_qah]o okj aola_e]hiajpa oacqn]o lknmqa `a^aj bqj_ek) j]n _kik ]h^ancqao aj _]ok `a oejeaopnkÏ*

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]n_e]h I]_eah( bqj`]`kn `a hko Hacekj]neko `a ?neo) pk( ]^qo“ oatq]h) iajpa `a oqo defko iate_]jko( `ajqj_e]nkj Šopko ]h narah]n mqa h] ]hp] fan]nmqŽ] `a h] hace“j _kjk_Ž] `a oq ateopaj_e]* =`aiƒo( oa `ek ] _kjk_an mqa I]_eah na_e^Ž] `kj]perko `a ailnao]neko mqa jk ejcnao]^] ] h]o ]n_]o `a h] _kjcnac]_e“j* Aj ajpnareop] _kj h] lanek`eop] ?]niaj =neopacqe( hko defko `a I]n) _e]h I]_eah( FkoŠ N]˜h( ?dneope]j u Ki]n Ckjvƒhav H]n]( ]oŽ _kik mqeaj bqan oq l]naf] lkn .1 ]’ko( >h]j_] Aopah] H]n] CqpeŠnnav( j]nn]nkj( lkn lneian] rav l˜^he_]iajpa( l]npa `a h] `k^ha re`] `ah bqj`]`kn `a h] _kjcnac]_e“j naheceko] iƒo lk`anko] `a h] Echaoe] _]p“he_] aj h]o ˜hpei]o `Š_]`]o* Bqa aj Pefq]j]( oa’]h“ >h]j_] Aopah] H]n]( _q]j`k pajŽ] -5 ]’ko `a a`]` u _kjk_e“ ] I]n_e]h I]_eah( mqeaj `efk hh]i]noa FkoŠ Ner]o( `a 12 ]’ko( req`k u mqa ^qo_]^] qj] iq_d]_d] l]n] bkni]n qj] b]iehe]( hk _q]h ]_alp“( lknmqa ]`aiƒo Šh ]`klp“ ] oq lneian defk Ki]n u ha `ek oqo ]lahhe`ko* Aj -553 ] pn]rŠo `a h] nareop] ?kjpaje`k mqa lq^he_“ qj nalknp]fa `a hko ]^qoko oatq]hao `a I]n_e]h I]_eah( _kiajp“ >h]j_]( bqa _q]j) `k oa `ek _qajp] `a h] ran`]`an] e`ajpe`]` `a oq l]naf]( mqeaj oeailna ha iejpe“ u ha `a_Ž] mqa an] nalnaoajp]jpa `a qj] ailnao] ejpanj]_ekj]h( `apa_pera lner]`k u ]cajpa `a h] ?E=7 oej ai^]nck( ha _nau“ mqa an] iajpen] hk lq) ^he_]`k u qj] _kjolen]_e“j l]n] o]_]nhk `ah R]pe_]jk( ej_hqok d]op] nav“ lkn Šh* = hko .- ]’ko `a a`]` >h]j_] Aopah] pqrk ] oq lneian defk FkoŠ

BW \Wc_b_W X_ebÂŒ]_YW Z[b iWY[hZej[ f_Z[ W 8[d[Z_Yje NL? gk[ de f[hc_jW gk[ bW ehZ[d b[i Zƒ bW [ifWbZW N]˜h( mqeaj bqa ah mqa aop]^ha_e“ ah _kjp]_pk _kj hko Hacekj]neko u ah mqa `ajqj_e“ hko ]^qoko `a l]`na* @ap]hh“( `qn]jpa h] ajpnareop] n]`ekb“je_]6 ĂŽIe lneian ]^qok oq_a`e“ _q]j`k pajÂŽ] oeapa ]Â’ko `a a`]` aj ?khki^e]( uk aop]^] ]_kop]`k _kj Šh( ia ^]f] ie _]h) vkj_ehhk u ia ejpajp] rekh]n* Lkn ejopejpk dqi]jk na]__ekjk u ia iqark* Oa `] _qajp]( jk ia bqanv]* @a ]dÂŽ ailav]nkj pk`ko hko ]^qoko( dq^k ]^qoko iqu bqanpao( dq^k ]^qoko oatq]hao aj I]`ne`( d]_ÂŽ] mqa hk i]opqn^ƒn]iko( mqa ha o]) _ƒn]iko bkpko i]opqn^ƒj`khk( Šh oa mqa`]^] _kj qj]o bkpkcn]bÂŽ]o u oa d]_ÂŽ] ah `knie`k u jko `a_ÂŽ] mqa oq pÂŽk ha d]_ÂŽ] hk ieoik( mqa ajo]uƒn]iko _kj ŠhĂ? P]i^eŠj `ajqj_e“ N]˜h mqa u] aj h] lnal]n]pkne] ailav“ ] pajan ĂŽqj] ajknia _kjbqoe“jĂ? u ha

oaÂ’]h“ ] oq l]`na mqa ^qo_]nÂŽ] qj loe_“hkck aj IŠte_k( lank Šopa hk ajre“ _kj qj ]ieck `a Šh ] I]`ne`( Bn]j_eo_k H“lav)E^k7 hko ia`e_]) iajpko mqa ha `eankj hk i]jpajÂŽ]j ]`knieh]`k u jk ha ]uq`]^]j d]op] mqa ]^]j`kj“ ah pn]p]ieajpk u _ej_k ]Â’ko `aolqŠo ha ajre]nkj( oej okhe_ep]nhk( ah naoqhp]`k `a oqo atƒiajao iŠ`e_ko* Ieajpn]o ] oq dani]jk Ki]n hk d]^ÂŽ] ajre]`k ] @ajran( Šopa p]i^eŠj `efk d]^an oe`k rÂŽ_pei] `a ]^qoko oatq]hao7 ĂŽie lneian ]^qok bqa _q]j`k bqeiko ] I]) `ne`( aj aoa ajpkj_ao ha `efa ] N]˜h6 o]^ao mqŠ( r]iko ] i]opqn^]nhk* U jeÂ’ko lamqaÂ’ko _kj i]he_e]( aopƒ^]iko fqjpko( aj aoa ajpkj) _ao ia ]_qan`k mqa oa d]_ÂŽ] ah `knie`k u ailav]iko ] i]o) pqn^]nhk( oeailna jko `a_ÂŽ] mqa ] Šh ha `khÂŽ]j iq_dk h]o leanj]o

mqa `qnieŠn]iko ]hcqjk `a hko `ko oeailna _kj Šh( _kj ah ]bƒj `a mqa jko `a_ÂŽ] ĂŽpajck qj `khkn aj hko dqaoko( _]heŠjp]ia h] leanj] lknmqa ia `qaha iq_dkĂ…Ă? U bqa d]op] -555( oaÂ’]h“ >h]j) _] Aopah] _q]j`k oq defk N]˜h ha narah“ mqa d]^ÂŽ] oe`k rÂŽ_pei] `a hko ]^qoko lkn l]npa `a oq l]`na u oa oal]n“ `a I]n_e]h I]_eah( mqeaj aj qj] k_]oe“j ha le`e“ mqa ha ĂŽlnaop]n]Ă? ] oq defk ah iƒo lamqaÂ’k ?dneope]j( `a mqeaj jk d]^ÂŽ] ]^qo]`k lknmqa pajÂŽ] 4 ]Â’ko _q]j`k oa oal]n]nkj* Narah]nkj mqa aoko da_dko hko `ajqj_e]nkj ]jpa nalnaoajp]jpao `a hko Hacekj]neko aj IŠte_k u `ah reoep]`kn ]lkop“he_k( ah k^eo) lk iate_]jk Ne_]n`k S]ppu( ] mqeaj ha oaÂ’]h]nkj mqa `qn]jpa 4 ]Â’ko bqankj rÂŽ_pei]o `a I]n) _e]h I]_eah*

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P]i^eŠj oaÂ’]h]nkj mqa _kjk_aj ] Jkni] u ] oq def]( h] kpn] iqfan mqa ah bqj`]`kn `a hko hacekj]neko pajÂŽ] aj I]`ne`( ej_hqok r]_]_ekj]) ^]j _kj ahh]o( lank Šh hao _kiajp“ mqa an] oq pÂŽ]* Aj aoa aol]_ek hko defko lnaoajp]) nkj cn]^]_ekjao `a _kjrano]_ekjao _kj ah na_pkn `a h] =jƒdq]_ Fao˜o Mqen_a u _kj ah h]e_k F]eia @qnƒj( ] mqeajao lnaoajp]nkj lnqa^]o `k) _qiajp]hao `a mqa oq l]`na an] I]n_e]h I]_eah u Šopa hao ej`e_“ mqa lk`nÂŽ]j na_qnnen ] hko Hacekj]neko l]n] mqa jk hao b]hp]n] j]`]* Hko b]iehe]nao `ah bqj`]`kn `a hko Hacekj]neko `a ?neopk h]jv]nkj _qaopekj]ieajpko ]h l]l] >aja) `e_pk TRE( oe r] ] laniepen( _kik d]op] ]dkn]( mqa hko Hacekj]neko hao oec]j `]j`k h] aol]h`]( ĂŽlknmqa jkokpnko aop]iko pkp]hiajpa `ao) ]il]n]`koĂ?( ]oacqn]nkj* .D

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_ki^ej]j lk_]o a deopkne]o lank h] deh]ne`]` `a h] lnaoajp]_e j oa qjebkni] _kj h] p _je_] `ah pa]pnk jacnk6 ah aola_p _qhk oa _kjreanpa aj qj cn]j pnq_k `a i]ce] `kj`a ah aola_p]`kn pea) ja mqa p]hh]noa qj] u kpn] rav hko kfko l]n] _kilnk^]n mqa hk mqa ra aba_per]iajpa aop oq_a`eaj`k* =hcqjko ]oeopajpao( mqa k_q) l]nkj ]laj]o qj] pan_an] l]npa `ah Pa]pnk Qjeranoep]nek( ]cn]`a) _eankj aopa napk ] h] n]v j6 ÎHhac] qj ikiajpk aj ah mqa qjk oa _]jo] `a ^qo_]n atlhe_]_ekjao( ajpkj_ao paniej]iko lkn ejcna) o]n aj aopa pannajk `a b]jp]o ] u `a h] i]ce]( ao _kik rkhran ] h] l]npa je ]Ï( oq^n]u qj] aola_p]`kn] aj ah ejpania`ek `ah arajpk* Aj h] lqaop] aj ao_aj] oa ]lnkra_d]j Ì]`ai o `a hko ahaiajpko p le_ko `ah pa]pnk ja) cnkÍqj] oejcqh]n pa_jkhkc ] aj pan_an] `eiajoe j* Aj ah _qanlk `a ^]eha u ]_pq]_e j oa ajheop] qj pnelha _]ila j `ah iqj`k aj ^na]g`]j_a u qj ]npeop] `ah ?en_k Nqok `a Iko_ * Iana_a h] laj] `aop]_]n ah pn]^]fk `a ]mqahhko ]_pknao mqa aop j aj ao_aj] lank jk oa raj6 oa ajbqj`]j aj qj pn]fa jacnk u `ao`a h] ejreoe^ehe`]` i]jelq) h]j pk`ko hko k^fapko l]n] d]_an lkoe^ha h] ehqoe j reoq]h* .D

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p]i^e j peajaj qj] aopn]pace] l]n] d]_anhk6 ÎAj hko rekhejao( lkn afailhk( peajao klknpqje`]` `a eilneienha pq oahhk lanokj]h ] pn]r o `ah `eoa k `a h] rkhq) p] $ao] aola_ea `a _]n]_kh aj ah atpnaik oqlanekn%7 qj] lanokj] lqa`a o]^an mqe j _na ah ejopnq) iajpk ]h d]_an qj] k^oanr]_e j ] _kj_eaj_e] `a h] rkhqp]Ï( na_]h) _ ah h]q`ank( aj ajpnareop] l]n] IEHAJEK ?KHEI=* Aj oq p]hhan( ejop]h]`k aj h] o]h] _kjpecq] `a oq `kie_ehek( aj h] _khkje] Hki] >kjep] `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( oa ]h_]jv]j ] ]lna_e]n _qneko]o dann]ieajp]o Ìu] oa] lkn oq p]i] k k bkni]Ímqa ha ]uq`]j ] La`nk =ni]j`k L nav ] lna_eo]n ah cnkokn u ] p]hh]n h]o

i]`an]o6 ÎJk lqa`ao `ao_qe`]n jejc j ]ola_pk6 oe ahecao i]h h] i]`an] k oe ah cnkokn ao amqe) rk_]`k _]i^e]o ah okje`k mqa aiepen aoa ejopnqiajpk $Å% ]o _kik oa namqeana `a d]^ehe`]`ao i]jq]hao p]i^e j oa namqeana `a d]^ehe`]`ao p _je_]o l]n] ]j) pe_el]n ah pelk `a okje`k mqa r] ] aiepen ah ejopnqiajpkÏ* La`nk =ni]j`k L nav Nq^ek l]o] h]o dkn]o ]^opn] `k aj oq lamqa k p]hhan( b]^ne_]n qj rekh j ha lqa`a hhar]n d]op] oaeo iaoao* Oqo ejopnqiajpko d]j ]h_]jv]`k qj r]hkn aj ah ian_]`k mqa ko) _eh] ajpna hko /, u /1 ieh laoko6 ÎAok o ( kbnav_k c]n]jp ] `a lkn re`]Ï( _kj_hqu ah ]`ien]`kn `a =jpkjek Opn]`er]ne*.D

Jueves 4 de marzo de 2010

21

cine FOTOs: CLAsOs

serápolicía FOTO: CLAsOs

El actor estará rodando en Veracruz

Entrará Zaragoza a filme de Gibson Ivett Salgado Ciudad de México ario Zaragoza se incorporará a partir del 10 de abril al rodaje de la cinta How I spent my summer vacation, que protagonizará Mel Gibson, la cual será dirigida por el mexicano Adrián Grunberg, con locaciones en el estado de Veracruz. El histrión, que el año pasado obtuvo un Ariel por su participación en la cinta de Rodrigo Plá, Desierto adentro, dará vida a un policía que le hará ver su suerte al protagonista, mientras que está privado de su libertad en una prisión, la cual, en teoría, estará ubicada en Tijuana. “Me parece algo divertido, porque será una dupla interesante la que haré con Gerardo Taracena; ambos seremos los policías que le haremos la vida imposible a Mel en la cárcel, nos lo vamos a traer frito. somos los que le bajaremos el saco de lana. “seremos sutiles e irónicos con él, van a ver que les va a gustar. El acercamiento para esta película se dio porque el director Adrián, con el que trabajé en Hombre en llamas, también trabajó con Gerardo en Apocalypto (en ambas ocasiones fue asistente de dirección); y desde ahí le gustó la dupla que hicimos, por ello decidió juntarnos en esta película”, detalló el histrión. “Con Adrián hablé e hice casting, no lo hice en el tiempo que debí hacerlo, porque estaba trabajando en la película de Jorge Fons, El atentado; entonces, la idea es que nos vieran juntos a Gerardo y a mí en el casting para ver la química, pero al final las cosas se dieron así, y el papel lo tengo”, añadió. Ésta no será la primera vez que Zaragoza trabajará en una producción estadunidense en México, pues también lo hizo hace siete años en la película Hombre en llamas del director Tony scott, y en la que compartió créditos con Denzel Washington. “A Mel ya lo conozco, desde que estuvo acá para hacer Apocalypto, en aquella época nos echamos una chelita y platicamos, pero desgraciadamente no checaba para ningún personaje en su cinta (Apocalypto). A mí me gusta el papel, porque luego de que me golpeé a Denzel Washington ahora voy a regresar los golpes, pero a Mel Gibson”, explicó Mario seguido de una carcajada. “Me siento orgulloso de que a este nivel de mi carrera tendré a dos autoridades del cine internacional con los que he trabajado. La película en realidad es del director (Adrián Grunberg), y Mel se está portando a la altura, porque es un ser humano increíble, pero está sujeto a las ordenes de Adrián, porque será un actor como nosotros”, explicó. sobre el protagonista infantil, por el cual Mel Gibson se encuentra haciendo casting en México, adelantó que ya se tiene una opción, pues tanto el director como el protagonista ya hablaron con un pequeño llamado “Julio”, procedente de Monterrey. A partir del 10 de abril, Zaragoza viajará a Veracruz para incorporarse al rodaje que iniciará a finales de marzo y en él participarán los mexicanos Roberto sosa, Gerardo Taracena, Jesús Ochoa, entre otros.

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La realidad de afuera está superando por mucho a la de dentro de las cárceles, hay peores escenas en las calles que en las pantallas” Mario Zaragoza

Actor

El comité organizador anunció que entregará un premio que llevará el nombre del fallecido, Rigoberto Mora

Prevén en festival tapatío

la llegada de Del Toro A unos días de arrancar con las actividades del Festival de Guadalajara que cumple 25 años, no tienen definidas varias categorías y ciertos galardones

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El programa También habrá televisión Marina Stavenhagen, directora del Instituto Mexicano de Cinematografía (IMCINE) resaltó que dentro de este foro, también habrá espacios destinados a la televisión, con Reunión Ibermedia TV que contará con la participación de 14 televisoras públicas para transmitir un total de 50 películas y Doc TV Latinoamérica que contará con 18 televisoras públicas para la transmisión de documentales. Algunas categorías en competencia: Largometraje Iberoamericano de Ficción, Largometraje Mexicano de Ficción, Largometraje Documental Iberoamericano, Largometraje Documental Mexicano, Cortometraje Iberoamericano, Cortometraje Mexicano, Cortometraje Mexicano de Animación. Marina Stavenhagen adelantó que habrá espacios para TV ?n]rekpk( u pn]o h] lnkua__e j `a oq `k_qiajp]h( h] ^]j`] kbna_an qj] lamqa ] lnaoajp]_e j* Ah `ena_perk ]`ah]jp ]hcqjko lkn) iajknao `ah baoper]h( mqa aopa ] k paj`n _kik l] o ejrep]`k ] Bn]j_e]( oeaj`k ah dkiaj]fa ejpanj]_ekj]h l]n] h] _ejabkp cn]b]( _kilkoepkn] u lnk`q_pkn] =cj o R]n`]* =`ai o( _kik l]npa `a hko .1 ] ko `ah baoper]h( oan dkiaj]fa]`] _kj ah I]u]dqah `a Lh]p]( h] ]_pnev iate_]j] I]n ] Nkfk* P]i^e j oa peaja _kjpailh]`] h] lnaoajp]_e j `ah he^nk ?]np]o u lko) p]hao BE?C( _kj ikperk `a hko .1 ] ko u aj ah mqa l]npe_el]j lnaopece]`ko ao_nepknao u `ena_pknao j]_ekj]hao( ]`ai o `a h] lnaoajp]_e j `ah he^nk Dkiaj]fa ] O]hr]`kn Pko_]jk u qj dkiaj]fa l opqik l]n] ah ]_pkn iate_]jk Fk]mq j L]n`]r * Ieajpn]o mqa h] Behikpa_] `a h] QJ=I( Hko Aopq`eko ?dqnq^qo_k u ah ?ajpnk `a ?]l]_ep]_e j ?ejai]) pkcn be_] $???% na_e^en j qj] `eopej) _e j lkn oan leh]nao `a h] _ejai]pk) cn]b ] j]_ekj]h*

El jurado: Está conformado por Randal Johnson, Dolores Heredia, Rodrigo Rey Rosa, Doris Dorrie, Mirsad Purivatra, Jytte Jense, Rebecca Yeldham, Demian Bichir, Howard Feinstein, Antonio Saura, Inti Cordera, Gonzalo Arijón, Rolando Díaz, Daniela Capelato, Jorge Dalton, Iván Trujillo, Eduardo Gillot, Rafael Rosal, Jorge Tijerina, María Lourdes Cortés, Julio de la Rosa y Alejandro Lubezky. Talent Campus Guadalajara II Será la segunda ocasión en la que esta actividad de formación tendrá lugar dentro del marco del festival, en la que se desarrollan distintas clases magistrales, mesas de discusión, talleres, proyecciones de películas alternativas, citas con expertos y reseñas cinematográficas. Talent Press Guadalajara Es un programa de entrenamiento práctico que permitirá a jóvenes críticos y periodistas obtener una oportunidad de especializarse en la crítica cinematográfica, el cual será presidido por cuatro expertos en la materia procedentes de distintos países de Iberoamérica.

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