EXZ`feXc ;d J_`kWdW o @k|h[p Yh[Whed kd fbWd Wdj_dWhYe X_dWY_edWb [djh[ C n_Ye o ;ijWZei Kd_Zei g% (&@C<E@ F
CejeYheii
C_ hYeb[ i (* Z[ cWhpe Z [ (&'&
PARA HOY
vs
_ed$Yec
ISLANDIA
Estadio: BankHORAS of America Transmisión: Canales 5 y7
BW i[b[YY_ d h[Y_X_ W kdW fWdj[hW fh[l_e W ik [dYk[djhe Yed ?ibWdZ_W
79
SIN ER DER LA SP ONRIS A C_ hYeb[i (* Z[ cWhpe '.0&& ^ehWi
FEHJ
Faltan:
días
17:30
;d bW Kd_ Ikh i[ Y[ ZWZ :[fehj_lW ?j|b_YW" [d b[XhWh| bW 9efW bW gk[ fWhj_Y_fWd Yecf[j_Z eh[i Z[ 9 @Wb_iYe" DWoWh_j" =k eb_cW" WdW`kWje o 7]kWiY Wb_[dj[i
mmm$bWW\_Y
<EJE0 EC7H C 7HJÑD;P r C;NI
MÉXICO
9eb_cW
CWh_e ^WXb Z[ eX[i_ZWZ [d bW 9edW]e f|]_dW /
9eb_cW
Bei lk[bei eÅ Y_Wb[i Z[ ]eX_[hde Yk[ijWd (( c_b f[iei feh ^ehW f|]$ .
BW i[b[YY_ d Z[ 9Wheb_dW" c[n_YWdW h[Y_X_ fWhj_Ze Wdj[ [d ik [djh[dWc_ bW l_i_jW Z[ Ij[l[ Ic_j^" h[Y[f ?ibWdZ_W" Wb g [dje [d [b [ij jeh Z[ bWi WZ_e 8Wd k[ bb[]W _dl_ FWdj[hWi a e\ 7c[ Yje [d [b W e Yed jh[i h_YW" fh[l_e Wb l_Yjeh_Wi
D@C<E@F *
8zF ,# EèD<IF (+,. +$&& *) GÝ>@E8J
:FC@D8 D@yI:FC<J )+ ;< D8IQF ;< )'('
mmm$c_b[d_eYeb_cW$Yec$cn f[h_eZ_iceYedYWh|Yj[h
De ^Wo ikÅ Y_[dj[i fbWpWi ;ijW [dj_ZWZ \[Z[hWj_lW \k[ [iY[dWh_e Z[ + c_b *)) WYY_Z[dj[i l[^_YkbWh[i [b W e fWiWZe
BW bkY^W feh [b [cfb[e [i _dieij[d_Xb[ ;b i[Yjeh fheZkYj_le Z[ bW [dj_ZWZ [i _d\[h_eh W bei fhe\[i_ed_ijWi f|]$ ''
;b WiWbje W bW hWp d :Xicfj DXi e ;if[bkpdWdj[ ieif[Y^W HeiW ;bl_W C[hYWZe 7bedie" bW l_kZW i X_jW Z[b d_Ye ^_`e gk[ jkle" kde Z[ bei Zei [ijkZ_Wdj[i Z[ fei]hWZe Z[b J[Y Z[ Cedj[hh[o gk[ h[ikbj ck[hje [b l_[hd[i [d [b [d# \h[djWc_[dje [djh[ c_b_jWh[i o fheXWXb[i Z[b_dYk[dj[i" j[c[ gk[ ik @eh][ 7djed_e ^WoW i_Ze ºjehjkhWZe»$ 7Å hcW gk[" YkWdZe b[i \k[ [djh[]WZe [b Yk[hfe" W bei fWZh[i de i[ b[i f[hc_j_ l[h i_de jWd i be bW YWhW" o gk[ b[i \k[ Z_\ Y_b _Z[dj_Å YWhbe W YWkiW Z[ bWi ^_dY^Wped[i o ceh[jed[i gk[ fh[i[djWXW$$$ ;b Zec_d]e" bW i[ ehW iehfh[dZ_ Wb Yec[djWh0 º;ij| X_[d gk[ jhWj[d Z[ YecXWj_h bW Z[b_dYk[dY_W" f[he gk[ j[d]Wd ckY^e Yk_ZWZe$ >Wo ckY^W ][dj[ gk[ bW [ij| bb[# lWdZe ± $ Be gk[ i b[ f[Z_h W Wb ;` hY_je" [ijWdZe YediY_[d# j[ Z[ gk[ ^WY[ ik jhWXW`e fWhW YecXWj_h bW Z[b_dYk[d# Y_W" fk[i gk[ be ^_Y_[hW Yed c|i Yk_ZWZe1 gk[ jkl_[hW c|i fh[YWkY_ d" fWhW de W\[YjWh W j[hY[hWi f[hiedWi" W ][dj[ _deY[dj[ gk[ de j_[d[ dWZW gk[ l[h$ C_ ^_`e de [i [b fh_c[he" f[he i gk_i_[hW gk[ \k[hW [b bj_ce±» Gk_p| feh [ie <[b_f[ 9Wb# Z[h d" [d ik YWhjW Z[ Wo[h Wb h[Yjeh Z[b J[Y" i[ Yecfhec[# j_ W º[iYbWh[Y[h bei ^[Y^ei±»$ C|i b[ lWb[ gk[ Wi i[W$
9eb_cW" '& bk]Wh [d WYY_Z[dj[i Z[ Wkjec l_b[i 9edi[`e Z[ Fh[l[dY_ d Z[ 7YY_Z[dj[i ZWh| [d YeceZWje '& WbYe^eb c[jhei ;d [b fW i ck[h[d (& c_b f[hiedWi Wb W e W YWkiW Z[ bei f[hYWdY[i l_Wb[i Ied Yedi_Z[hWZei kd fheXb[cW Z[ iWbkZ f Xb_YW feh bW ECI f|]_dW , J7F?HE
9h_j_YWd Wb Fh[i_Z[dj[
9WbZ[h d fheleY kd XW e Z[ iWd]h[0 FH? C_[djhWi" Wb ]eX[hdWZeh be YecfWhWd Yed Bk_i :edWbZe o [be]_Wd iki Xk[dWi \ehcWi feb j_YWi
:_fkjWZei ]WdZWbbWi
YcWh_d6c_b[d_e$Yec
7o[h i[ Y[b[Xh kdW Y[h[ced_W bkYjkeiW feh [b Wd_l[hiWh_e Z[ bW Z[iWfWh_Y_ d Z[ Bk_i :edWbZe 9ebei_e
Jh_Xkdei fWd_ijWi Z_Y[d gk[ bei Z[b jh_Yebeh b[i heXWd bWi _Z[Wi f|]_dW /
>eo [iYh_X[d 9\ieXi[f :fim\iX F|]$) ? Zkfi 8^l`cXi :Xd e# AX`if :Xc`okf 8cYXii}e# :`if > d\q C\pmX# AfXhl e C g\q$; i`^X# :Xicfj DfkX
F|]i$*%+ M Zkfi DXel\c :}i[\eXj# AlXe @^eXZ`f QXmXcX F|]$'( AlXe DXel\c :i`jXekf# C\feZ`f Dfi}e J}eZ_\q F|]$') AXm`\i : 9iXmf DX^X X F|]$('
c_Â&#x192;hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
&@C<E@F
BM GSFOUF
:; IE8H; C;I7 9\ieXi[f :fim\iX
7FDJOPT EJTUBOUFT
/
JhWi XWcXWb_dWi$ KdW b|cfWhW Z[iYecfk[ijW Yed iki h[if[Yj_lei YWXb[Y_jei i[ [iYedZ[ [d bW fWhj[ jhWi[hW Z[b Xkije Wb WZWb_Z fh__ijW Bk_i :edWbZe 9ebei_e" c_[djhWi feh Z[bWdj[" jeZei X_[d f[h\kcWZ_jei" h[\b[n_edWd ieXh[ _Z[Wb[i febÂ&#x2021;j_Yei o c|i Y[h[ced_ei_ZWZ[i
FM BMBDSfO F?8$ ;d (&&. [b FheZkYje ?dj[hde 8hkje dW#
Y_edWb jejWb h[ikbjÂ&#x152; Z[ ''"-.("-+. c_bbed[i Z[ f[iei$ :[ [ijei" bW Yedjh_XkY_Â&#x152;d Z[b :< \k[ Z[ ("&&("'+) c_bbed[i i[]k_Ze feh [b ;ijWZe Z[ CÂ&#x192;n_Ye Yed '"&)/"))+ c_bbed[i" Dk[le B[Â&#x152;d ..,"&&) c_bbed[i" 9Wcf[Y^[ .'(",,' c_bbed[i" @Wb_iYe -(."/', c_bbed[i" L[hWYhkp Z[ +*'"-)) c_bbed[i" JWXWiYe *)*")-, c_bbed[i" =kWdW`kW# je *(-"+&) c_bbed[i" JWcWkb_fWi *&+"(,. c_bbe# d[i o Fk[XbW Yed )/*"+*/ c_bbed[i$ ;ij[ ]hkfe Z[ [dj_ZWZ[i ][d[hÂ&#x152; [b ,+ Z[b fheZkYje jejWb$ ;b WbWYh|d i_]k_Â&#x152; o i_]k_Â&#x152; b[o[dZe bW b_ijW ^WijW [dYedjhWhi[ Yed gk[ [i[ WÂ&#x2039;e" [b Â&#x2018;bj_ce bk]Wh \k[ [b [ijWZe Z[ 9eb_cW WfehjWdZe [b &$+ Z[b jejWb dWY_edWb" o Yece [i jWd fegk_je" c[# `eh de be jhWZkY[ W f[iei$ O fWhW [cfedpeÂ&#x2039;Wh kd feYe [b WcX_[dj[" ^WXh| gk[ fh[]kdjWhi[ gk_[d [hW [b i[Yh[jWh_e Z[ <ec[dje ;YedÂ&#x152;c_Ye [d [i[ WÂ&#x2039;e$
9WXWbÂ&#x2021;ij_Ye '&$ ;b 9edi[`e Z[ Fh[l[d#
Y_Â&#x152;d Z[ 7YY_Z[dj[i [djh[]Wh| [d YeceZWje '& WbYe^ebÂ&#x2021;c[jhei Wb ;ijWZe" ied '& bei ckd_Y_# f_ei o 9eb_cW [i [b ZÂ&#x192;Y_ce bk]Wh [d WYY_Z[dj[i
l_Wb[i1 oW dWZW c|i \WbjÂ&#x152; gk[ i[ Z_`[hW gk[ Â&#x192;ijei ikY[Z[d fWiWdZe bWi '& Z[ bW deY^[$
9hÂ&#x2021;j_YW YedijhkYj_lW$ CWhjÂ&#x2021;d <beh[i"
Z_h_][dj[ Z[b FH? [ijWjWb" Wo[h Z[ cWd[hW \[^W# Y_[dj[ Yh_j_YÂ&#x152; YedijhkYj_lWc[dj[ Wb ]eX_[hde \[Z[hWb$ ;b fh_ce Z[ bWi WhWÂ&#x2039;Wi i[ fh[]kdjW i_ CWhjÂ&#x2021;d be ^_pe fWhW fed[hb[ bW ck[ijhW W bei h[fh[i[djWdj[i \[Z[hWb[i Z[ ik fWhj_ZeÂą fehgk[ de i[ h[Yk[hZW ^WX[h l_ije gk[ d_ 9Whbei 9hkp" d_ He][b_e Hk[ZW ^WoWd jecWZe bW jh_XkdW fWhW ^WY[h be ÂşYedZkY[dj[Âť$
CejW Z[ \k[hW$ ;b[c[djei Z[ bW FF@;"
F;F o :IF ckd_Y_fWb Z[ CWdpWd_bbe Z[jkl_[# hed kdW YWc_ed[jW gk[ bb[lWXW '(& a_bei Z[ YWddWX_i cej_jW$ Feh _dYh[Â&#x2021;Xb[ gk[ b[ fk[ZW fWh[Y[h Wb b[Yjeh" bWi fbWYWi Z[b l[^Â&#x2021;Ykbe Z[j[# d_Ze ÂŹÂŹ[hWd Z[ \k[hW " [\[Yj_lWc[dj[$ 7kdgk[ de jhWÂ&#x2021;Wd bWi bbWdjWi Z[b YWhhe h[fb[jWi Z[ Âş^_[hXW cWbWÂť" iÂ&#x2021; bW YW`k[bW" o bWi fbWYWi [hWd Z[ 9Wb_\ehd_W o de Z[ J[nWi Yece Z_Y[ bW YWd# Y_Â&#x152;d Z[ bW 9Wc[b_W$
TJ lM MP EJDF &M DSJNFO PSHBOJ[BEP IB QFSNFBEP FO MBT FTGFSBT NfT FMFWBEBT EFM FOUSBNBEP TPDJBM Z FTP OP FT OPSNBM OP EFCFNPT BDFQUBSMP OP QPEFNPT TFS SFIFOFT EF MPT DSJNJOBMFT ;hd[ije FWiWhÂ&#x2021;d JWf_W
;d bW Y[h[ced_W feh [b Wd_l[hiWh_e bkYjkeie Z[b [n YWdZ_ZWje fh__ijW W bW fh[i_Z[dY_W Z[ bW h[fÂ&#x2018;Xb_YW Bk_i :edWbZe 9ebei_e" [b fh[i_Z[dj[ Z[ bW <kdZWY_Â&#x152;d 9ebei_e Yh_j_YÂ&#x152; bW fh[i[dY_W Z[b ^WcfW" W fhefÂ&#x152;i_je Z[ bW [ijhWj[]_W YedjhW [b dWhYejh|\_Ye [cfh[dZ_ZW feh [b fh[i_Z[dj[ <[b_f[ 9WbZ[hÂ&#x152;d$
]`] iÂ&#x192;o pneopa mqa o]^an mqa hko ra_ejko lqa`aj l]o]noa qj] re`] $k qj oatajek% re) reaj`k qjk ajbnajpa `ah kpnk u ]laj]o hhac]j ] _kjk_anoa( lank aok oÂ&#x17D; oa lqa`aj a_d]n laopao `ah kpnk( lank jqj_] bnajpa ] bnajpa* Mqa oe aop]_ekj] oq _]nnk aopkn^]j`k h] _k_dan] `ah kpnk( mqa oe lkja h] iÂ&#x2DC;oe_] ] pk`k rk) hqiaj _q]j`k ao dkn] `a h] oeaop]( aj bej( oej oemqean] d]^an _nqv]`k l]h]^n]( qjk ao _]l]v `a `a_en `ah ra_ejk $k `a h] ra_ej]% _ko]o ]qjmqa jk jko _kjopaj* Naoqhp] o]) ^nkoÂ&#x201C;j lh]pe_]n `a ]mqahhko _kj mqeaj oa _kil]npa h] ]_an]6 Mqa oe h] iqfan ha lac]( mqa oe oa cnep]j cnkoanÂ&#x17D;]o _q]j`k oa pki]j oqo pamqeh]o( ap_Â&#x160;pan]* D]_a raejpep]jpko ]Â&#x2019;ko( _q]j`k an] uk Ă&#x17D;lnk)u]jmqeĂ?( _]uÂ&#x201C; aj ieo i]jko ah he^nk `a =h]j Ne`ejc Ra_ejko @eop]jpao* Jk o]^Â&#x17D;] uk cn]j _ko] `a lkhÂ&#x17D;pe_] $]dkn] mqevÂ&#x192;o oal] j]`]% u iq_dk iajko `a h]o nah]_ekjao ajpna IÂ&#x160;te_k u Aop]`ko Qje`ko* Ah he^nepk( )jk hk `eck aj pkjk `aola_perk) u] mqa an] _demqepk u ckn`epk $j]`] mqa ran _kj ah pai] `a k^aoe`]` `a h] mqa d]^hÂ&#x201C; I]nek aj h] ?kj]ck%( lh]jpa]^] `a i]jan] _kjpqj`ajpa _kik `ko l]Â&#x17D;oao mqa _kil]npaj iehao `a gehÂ&#x201C;iapnko `a bnkjpan]o u iq_dko ]Â&#x2019;ko `a deopkne] oa _kjk_Â&#x17D;]j p]j lk_k* =hck oeieh]n ao hk mqa _nak mqa oq_a`a ajpna ah `elqp]`k Iehpkj `a =hr] u ah Era) _kh* Ah hqjao I]nek OkhÂ&#x17D;o aj qj] jkp]( `ek _qajp] `a mqa ah l]jeop] oa mqaf]^] `a mqa oq Ă&#x17D;ra_ejkĂ?( FkoÂ&#x160; Bn]j_eo_k Ner]o( `ena_pkn `ah Ejopepqpk `a Rereaj`] `a ?khei]( jk ha d]^Â&#x17D;] ajre]`k `]pko bej]j_eanko okhe_ep]) `ko ] pn]rÂ&#x160;o `a qj kbe_ek ]h ck^anj]`kn aj ba^nank* L]n] bejao lnÂ&#x192;_pe_ko ao _kik mqa oe ie ra_ej] ha ajre]n] qj] _]np] ] ie i]iÂ&#x192; ] Cq]`]h]f]n] l]n] mqa uk ieo) ik ha ejbknia _Â&#x201C;ik ]j`k `a o]hq`( lqao `]`k mqa ahh] $ie ra_ej]( jk ie i]iÂ&#x192;% ao `k_pkn]( ia lk`nÂ&#x17D;] ]uq`]n ] mqa ia _qna $oe aopqrean] ajbanik( _h]nk%* Pk`k aok( aj hqc]n `a _]iej]n qjko l]oko( pk_]n ] h] lqanp] u lnacqjpÂ&#x192;niahk* Ah ]oqjpk jk mqa`] ]dÂ&#x17D;* Naoqhp] mqa _kik ie i]iÂ&#x192; ]j`] `a re]fa( u h] ejoeopajpa Ă&#x17D;ra) _ej]Ă? jk na_e^a qj] lnkjp] naolqaop]( _knna _kj kpnk `a hko ra_ejko l]n] mqa _kj ]hp]rkv `ec] mqa ]dkn] ia r]j ] Ă&#x17D;]_qo]nĂ? _kj ie l]lÂ&#x192; `a mqa jk ia _qe`k* Ajpkj_ao( ]dkn] oÂ&#x17D;( uk iqu `ecjk( ia lkjck ] i]j`]nha _]np]o ] pk`ko ieo l]neajpao l]n] mqa ajpanaj ] h] oaÂ&#x2019;kn] mqa ie _anpebe_]`k iÂ&#x160;`e_k aopÂ&#x192; ] oq `eolkoe_eÂ&#x201C;j l]n] _q]j`k mqean] rajen ] ranhk7 aok oÂ&#x17D;( uk p]ilk_k ia _nqvk h] _]hha l]n] `a_Â&#x17D;noahk* @enÂ&#x17D;] ie ]^qahep]6 Ă&#x17D;oq P]p] l] oq J]j]Ă?* Dku Ner]o CqviÂ&#x192;j oa d]_a $ecq]h mqa uk% ah `ecjk u ha _kjpaop] ] Iehpkj `a =hr] u _kik jk ao Ă&#x17D;lkhÂ&#x17D;pe_]iajpa _knna_pkĂ? _]iej]n qjko l]oko u d]^h]nha `a bnajpa ]h `elqp]`k( lqao ]dÂ&#x17D; oecqa _na_eaj`k h] ^kh] `a jeara* Jk `abeaj`k je ] qjk je ] kpnk( lank oÂ&#x17D; hko _nepe_k ] hko `ko* Jko _]jo]iko `a `a_en mqa ?khei] ao p]j _de_k mqa pk`ko jko _kjk_aiko( lank ]`aiÂ&#x192;o( hepan]hiajpa hko `ko lnkp]ckjeop]o pn]^]f]j _kj _]hha `a lkn ia`ek* ÂźMqÂ&#x160;( oanÂ&#x192; p]j pn]^]fkok _]iej]n qj lk_k u lnaoajp]noa qjk _kj kpnk; .D
BM GSFOUF
D@C<E@F
c_Â&#x192;hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
5SBTDFOEJu gk[ jeZe kd [`[hY_Y_e Z[ Y_l_b_ZWZ
h[ikbjÂ&#x152; bW ieb_Y_jkZ Z[ b_Y[dY_W Z[ CWh_e BÂ&#x152;f[p LWbZ[p" CWbelW" W ik YWh]e Z[ i[dWZeh$ Be ^_pe [d\h[dj[ Z[ iki" ^WijW Wo[h" YecfWÂ&#x2039;[hei Z[ fWhj_Ze$ CWbelW b[i YedĂ&#x2026;hcÂ&#x152; gk[ i[h| [b YWdZ_ZWje efei_jeh Wb FH? [d I_dWbeW$ BW cWoehÂ&#x2021;W Z[ bei i[dWZeh[i fh__ijWi b[ Z_`[hed gk[ h[if[jWXWd ik Z[Y_i_Â&#x152;d [d be _dZ_l_ZkWb$ CWbelW" Wi[]khWd [d bW YeWb_Y_Â&#x152;d efei_jehW" iWb_Â&#x152; Yed / fkdjei Z[ l[djW`W ieXh[ [b YWdZ_ZWje Z[b FH?" @[iÂ&#x2018;i L_pYWhhW" [d kdW [dYk[ijW b[lWdjWZW bW i[cWdW fWiWZW$
gk[ bWi Zei [nY[fY_ed[i W bW ][dj_b[pW
\k[hed bWi Z[ @[iÂ&#x2018;i Ckh_bbe AWhWc o CWhÂ&#x2021;W Z[ bei Ă&#x17D;d][b[i Ceh[de$ ;ijW Z_`e ieXh[ CWbelW gk[ [i cko \|Y_b [ijWh Yed [b FH? YkWdZe i[ ]WdW" o cko \|Y_b Z[`Whbe YkWdZe de$ Ckh_bbe AWhWc" feh ik fWhj[" h[YehZÂ&#x152; gk[ [d bW XWdYWZW ^Wo lWh_ei gk[ gk_i_[hed i[h ]eX[hdWZeh[i" de be Yedi_]k_[hed o" i_d [cXWh]e" i_]k[d [d [b FH?0 [b Yeb_c[di[ He][b_e Hk[ZW" [b YWcf[Y^Wde 7b[`WdZhe Ceh[de" [b eWnWgk[Â&#x2039;e 7Zeb\e Jeb[Ze$
:Ă&#x2018;7 9ED :Ă&#x2018;7 ?Â&#x201E;Zkfi 8^l`cXi :XdÂ&#x2C6;e
4
a kua u oa haa aj pk`]o l]npao mqa d]u mqa _]i^e]n h] aopn]pace] `a h] cqann] _kjpn] ah j]n_k* Oa kua ^eaj u l]na_a n]vkj]^ha ]jpa h] oq_aoeÂ&#x201C;j `a iqanpao u jkpe_e]o o]jcneajp]o mqa hhaj]j hko laneÂ&#x201C;`e_ko* J]`ea `e_a aj mqÂ&#x160; _kjoeopa h] aopn]pace] je lkn _qÂ&#x192;h d]^nÂ&#x17D;] mqa _]i^e]nh]* Hk mqa oa `e_a aj na]he`]` ao mqa h]o _ko]o jk aopÂ&#x192;j bqj_ek) j]j`k( mqa jk oa raj ]r]j_ao je iafkn]o aj h] oacqne`]` lÂ&#x2DC;^he_]( oejk oÂ&#x201C;hk iÂ&#x192;o iqanpao u iÂ&#x192;o ejoacqne`]`* Ah hqc]n _kiÂ&#x2DC;j aj h] lnklkoe_eÂ&#x201C;j `ah _]i^ek `a aopn]pace] ao mqa d]u mqa o]_]n ]h AfÂ&#x160;n_epk `a h] nabneac] lknmqa ah AfÂ&#x160;n_epk jk aopÂ&#x192; da_dk l]n] aok u oa ]nneaoc] oq ei]caj u oq lnaopecek* D]u mqeaj r] iÂ&#x192;o ]hhÂ&#x192; u `e_a mqa ah AfÂ&#x160;n_epk aopÂ&#x192; hhac]j`k ] atpnaiko `a rekhaj_e] u `qnav] ej_kil]pe^hao _kj _nepaneko ahaiajp]hao `a ha) c]he`]` u naolapk ] hko `ana_dko dqi]jko*
-B FTUSBUFHJB Z MB EFHPMMJOB Lank( ÂźmqÂ&#x160; d]_an; Aj na]he`]` jk d]u iÂ&#x192;o mqa `ko kl_ekjao* K oa okopeaja h] aopn]pace] _kj hko ]fqopao `ah _]ok k oa h] ]^]j`kj] _kj h]o _kjoa_qaj_e]o `ah _]ok* Ia `a_h]nk ej_]l]v `a `a_en hk mqa d]u mqa d]_an u _kj mqÂ&#x160; oqopepqen hk mqa oa d]_a ]_pq]hiajpa* Ia mqa`] _h]nk( aj _]i^ek( mqa h] aopn]pace] `a _ki^]pa ]h j]n_k da_d] lkn ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h atlhe_] oÂ&#x201C;hk qj] l]npa `a h] rekhaj_e] mqa h]iajp]iko* H] kpn] l]npa `a h] rekhaj_e]( h] mqa aila) vÂ&#x201C; ]jpao `a mqa ?]h`anÂ&#x201C;j lqoean] aj i]n_d] oq aopn]pace]( ao h] `a h] cqann] `a h]o ^]j`]o ajpna oÂ&#x17D;* Hk mqa aop]iko reaj`k aj Ikjpannau( Naujko]( ?eq`]` FqÂ&#x192;nav ao qj] la_qhe]n _kj_ajpn]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a ^]j`]o laha]j`k lkn aoko pannepkneko u qj] la_qhe]n _kj_ajpn]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a aba_perko iehep]nao u lkhe_e]_ko ]lnap]j`k aj h] aopn]pace] `a ]_de_]nhao ah pannajk* Pk`k( aj ah _kjpatpk `a qj] jqar] _]`aj]
4BMVEP
HWfÂ&#x192;
`a ]fqopao o]jcneajpko aj ^qo_] `a hko aol]) _eko `af]`ko lkn h] `ao]l]ne_eÂ&#x201C;j `a =npqnk >ahpnÂ&#x192;j Haur]* Aj ah jknpa laha]j pk`ko hko _Â&#x192;npahao _kjpn] pk`ko aj qj] _kj_ajpn]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a oe_]neko lk_]o ra_ao reop]( _kik oe laha]n]j h] ^]p]hh] Ă&#x161;j]h `a qj] h]nc] cqann] lkn h] dacaikjÂ&#x17D;]* ÂźMqÂ&#x160; _]i^ek `a aopn]pace] `a l]npa `ah ck) ^eanjk lqa`a _]i^e]n h] `ackhhej] `a l]npa `a h]o ^]j`]o; Âź@af]n `a ]_de_]nhao ah pannajk; ÂźO]_]n h]o i]jko u aolan]n mqa ]_]^aj `a heile]noa lkn oÂ&#x17D; okh]o aj ah _]ilk `a ^]p]hh] `a _eq`]`ao oej AfÂ&#x160;n_epk je lkhe_Â&#x17D;] je ]qpkne`]`; ?kik `eck( jk pajck qj] naolqaop]* H] _]jp]hap] `ah _]i^ek `a aopn]pace] p]ilk) _k hk ao* Oqceank mqa h] cqann] `a h]o ^]j`]o peaja oq lnkle] hÂ&#x201C;ce_]( ej`alaj`eajpa `a h] `ah ck^eanjk( u ao h] mqa lnk`q_a h] i]ukn l]npa `a h]o iqanpao* ÂźOa lqa`a _]i^e]n ao] aopn]pace]; .D WYWc_d6c_b[d_e$Yec
Zei feh jh[i ?kj h] lnklqaop] da_d] lkn h] ?kj]ck `a _na]n qj] lkhe_Â&#x17D;] Â&#x2DC;je_] aj _]`] ajpe`]`( ah jÂ&#x2DC;iank `a aba_perko ] ao_]h] j]_ekj]h mqa ajpn]nÂ&#x17D;]j ^]fk aopa aomqai] oanÂ&#x17D;]jĂ&#x2026;
NfT EF
gk[ [b bÂ&#x2021;Z[h Z[b IC;" CWhjÂ&#x2021;d ;ifWhpW" i[
gk[ZÂ&#x152; l[ij_Ze o WbXehejWZe fWhW WYkZ_h W bW I[Yh[jWhÂ&#x2021;W Z[ =eX[hdWY_Â&#x152;d$ O [i gk[ bW gk[ i[hÂ&#x2021;W bW fh_c[hW h[kd_Â&#x152;d Z[ ;ifWhpW Yed [b h[Y_Â&#x192;d bb[]WZe ikXi[Yh[jWh_e Z[ =eX_[hde" HeX[hje =_b" \k[ feifk[ijW feh bW Wfh[jWZW W][dZW Z[b \kdY_edWh_e$
NJM
DJGSB OBEB EFTQSFDJBCMF
:_Y[d gk[ be gk[ cWb [cf_[pWÂą
gk[ [b ef[hWj_le Z[ i[]kh_ZWZ
cedjWZe W fhefÂ&#x152;i_je Z[ bW h[kd_Â&#x152;d Z[ bW 9edW]e [d Ceh[b_W \k[ [b c|i WfWhWjeie Z[ jeZei bei j_[cfei$ JWdje gk[" [d ik jhWibWZe Z[ 9WiW Z[ =eX_[hde Wb ^ej[b ZedZ[ be [if[hWXWd bei ]eX[hdWZeh[i fWhW fWhj_Y_fWh [d kdW Y[dW fh_lWZW" [b i[Yh[jWh_e Z[ =eX[hdWY_Â&#x152;d" <[hdWdZe =Â&#x152;c[p Cedj" jkle gk[ [if[hWh lWh_ei c_dkjei W XehZe Z[ ik YWc_ed[jW fWhW _d]h[iWh Wb _dck[Xb[" fehgk[ bW YWbb[ [ijWXW YefWZW feh bei l[^Â&#x2021;Ykbei Z[ i[]kh_ZWZ Z[ bei cWdZWjWh_ei$
gk[ Wb Z_fkjWZe f[j_ijW =[hWhZe
<[hd|dZ[p DeheÂ&#x2039;W be jhW_Y_edÂ&#x152; [b c_YhÂ&#x152;\ede Z[ ik Ykhkb [d bW i[i_Â&#x152;d Z[ Wo[h$ 9kWdZe f[ZÂ&#x2021;W bW fWbWXhW fWhW ieb_Y_jWh [b h[Yk[dje Z[b gkÂ&#x152;hkc" [b c_YhÂ&#x152;\ede Z[`Â&#x152; Z[ \kdY_edWh" f[he i[]kdZei Z[ifkÂ&#x192;i i[ WYj_lÂ&#x152;" `kije YkWdZe [b b[]_ibWZeh bWdpWXW kd W_hWZe0 ºDe i_hl[ [ijW Y^_d]WZ[hW Âť$ 7b f[hYWjWhi[ Z[ bW _dlebkdjWh_W XWbYed[WZW" <[hd|dZ[p DeheÂ&#x2039;W iÂ&#x152;be Wj_dÂ&#x152; W Z[Y_h0 Âş;i gk[ [ijWXW [if[hWdZe W gk[ [b c_YhÂ&#x152;\ede \kdY_edWhW" oW l[d gk[ bk[]e i[ Z[iYecfed[Âť$
FEBĂ&#x2018;J?97 9;HE AX`if :Xc`okf 8cYXii}e
$
q]j`k Chkne] Pnare n]uÂ&#x201C; _kj oqo _]o_knnko ah Â&#x192;ne`k iÂ&#x192;nikh `a >ahh]o =npao l]n] ej]qcqn]n h] atlkoe_eÂ&#x201C;j `a I]cneppa( oqla mqa an] qj] `a h]o oaÂ&#x2019;]hao iÂ&#x192;o _h]n]o `ah ]`rajeieajpk `a qj iafkn u iÂ&#x192;o bahev IÂ&#x160;te_k* Oe aj Jqar] Ukng h] ieoi] _qn]`qnÂ&#x17D;] h] d]^Â&#x17D;] lnaoajp]`k H]`u C]c]( aj IÂ&#x160;te_k an] k^hec]pknek mqa hk de_ean] Chkneap] PnareÂ&#x2019;k( lqao( oacÂ&#x2DC;j oqo lnkle]o l]h]^n]o( hko knc]) jev]`knao mqanÂ&#x17D;]j ]hck Ă&#x17D;oq^ na]heop]Ă?* U _kik Ă&#x17D;Nko] >hqĂ? an] hk iÂ&#x192;o l]na_e`k ]h Ă&#x17D;?a_e jĂ&#x2018; aop l]o qja lelaĂ?( ½mqÂ&#x160; i]n]rehh] HÂ&#x192;opei] mqa h] at `a Oancek =j`n]`a jk ]jei]n] ah ]jerano]nek `a ?khkoek mqa ah LNE_Â&#x192;i^ne_k pailn]jk d]_a _]`] rav iÂ&#x192;o ]^qnne`k mqa h]o _aha^n]_ekjao `a h] ?PI oej pae^khan]o* Odks _]oe p]j ]^qnne`k _kik h] _]j_ehhan Aolejko] _qu] oklknÂ&#x17D;ban] ran^knna] mqa pajÂ&#x17D;] ^kopav]j`k ] h] Dehh]nu* P]jpk mqa l]n] ]jei]n
(MPSJB 5SFWJ FO #FMMBT "SUFT Z )JMMBSZ FO MB 43& pk`k ]mqah ]`knia_eieajpk lnkpk_kh]nek $_Â&#x201C;ik aop]nÂ&#x17D;] `a i]h h] _ko] mqa ] ino* ?hejpkj jk oa ha na_e^eÂ&#x201C; je _kj qj] pneopa i]jebaop]_eÂ&#x201C;j( qj ]i]ck `a iajp]`]o chk^]hebÂ&#x201C;^e_]o je cnepko _kjpn] ah eilane]heoik u]jmqe%( h] oa_nap]ne] `a Aop]`k pqrk mqa na_kjk_an mqa l]npa `a h] _qhl] `a pk`k aopk h] peaja Aop]`ko Qje`ko lkn ah _kjoqik `a `nkc]o u ah pnÂ&#x192;Ă&#x161;_k `a ]ni]o* Aopk( lkn oqlqaopk( ]hacnÂ&#x201C; ] hko _de_ko `a h] bqajpa( mqeajao u] nkj_]^]j ] b]hp] `a jkp]* @eck( u ]qjmqa bqa _kjikra`kn ah caopk `a h] Dehh]nu( mqa oacqn]iajpa ]lnkra_d]nÂ&#x192;j h]o ]qpkne`]`ao l]n] atlhe_]n p]jp] i]p]vÂ&#x201C;j( `ao_q]npev]ieajpk u lnkheban]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a bqacko _nqv]`ko( iafkn dq^ean] oe`k( `eck uk( mqa aop] lamqaÂ&#x2019;] _qi^na dq^ean] oanre`k l]n] dej_]nha ah `eajpa jk ] hko _Â&#x192;npahao `a h]o `nkc]o( oejk ] hko _Â&#x192;npahao `a _qahhk ^h]j_k mqa( _qneko]iajpa( jk d]j oqbne`k je qj] okh] ^]f]* U ao mqa ieajpn]o h]o rÂ&#x17D;_pei]o _erehao _kieajv]j ] `ann]i]noa aj ah r]ok ia`ek r]_Â&#x17D;k `a h] j]n_kcqann] faheleop](
hko aj_]nc]`ko `a ikrehev]n ah ^ehhapa cn]j`a aj h]o h]r]j`anÂ&#x17D;]o kĂ&#x161;_e]hao oa h] l]o]j _kik h]j_danko aj olnejc ^n]ga* Ao ejpanao]jpa mqa aj p]j l]pneÂ&#x201C;pe_] hq_d] _kjpn] ah _neiaj knc]jev]`k( ]h ]h] faheleop] jk oa ha d]u] k_qnne`k pk`]rÂ&#x17D;] ]p]_]n ]qjmqa oa] _kj ah lÂ&#x160;p]hk `a qj] ]q`epknÂ&#x17D;]( ] h] b]qj] `a h] vkkhkcÂ&#x17D;] aola_qh]per] u ian_]_deĂ&#x203A;an] mqa ]j`] iÂ&#x192;o eilqja mqa Ah FF aj ah >]n >]n* Aok oÂ&#x17D;( ?]h`anÂ&#x201C;j u] lnkiapeÂ&#x201C; ao_h]na_an h] iqanpa `a hko `ko ]hqijko `ah Pa_ _]Â&#x17D;`ko aj qj ajpna_nqv]ieajpk `a ^]h]o* U ]oÂ&#x17D;( u] `a h] hac]hev]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a h]o `nkc]o je d]^h]iko* =qjmqa h] `aĂ&#x161;aj`] ½Ne_]n`k O]hej]o Lheack IÂ&#x192;o ejoÂ&#x201C;hepk( eilkoe^ha* Lank `a rqahp] ] I]cneppa( uk dq^ean] lna) bane`k( aj rav `a ] h] _qhp] Pnare( ] L]mqep] h] `ah >]nnek( bqajpa ej]ckp]^ha `a pkhan]j_e] u ^qaj cqopk* .D `W_he$YWb_nje6c_b[d_e$Yec mmm$jm_jj[h$Yec%`W_heYWb_nje
D@C<E@F
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
B7 >?IJEH?7 ;D 8H;L; :`if > d\q C\pmX
1
cajan]_e j mqa oa neca _kj hko ]hpko r]hknao `ah aobqanvk( `a h] naolkjo]^ehe`]`Ï* Hqack( ]lqjp $_kj pneopa lk pe_]( lkn _eanpk%6 ÎOej ai^]nck( ]hcqjko ]_pknao aj ah ao_aj]nek `a _kilapaj_e]( raj ] h] lkh pe_] _kik qj] a_q]_e j `a oqi] _ank7 `a p]h bkni] mqa _ebn]j h] bknp]hav] `a oq ]`rano]nek _kik ah neaock u h] `a^ehe`]` lnkle]* Lkn aop] n]v j oa ejpajoeÚ_]j hko ai^]pao _kjpn] ah Afa_qperk Aop]p]h* Lkn aok ao lnareoe^ha qj ej_naiajpk aj h] hhqre] `a lea`n]o `a hk`k mqa `aolq o oa ao_kj`aj aj dkuko `a ]raopnqvÏ* Pki bqanv] u lnkbapev 6 ÎOa knao( aop] ao h] _n je_] `a qj] cqann] oq_e] ]jqj_e]`]* U] hk d]j na_kjk_e`k( ]Úni]j`k mqa h] pe_] u
h] lkh pe_] r]j lkn _]iejko `ebanajpao* @e_dk `a kpn] bkni]6 ah Új fqopeÚ_] hko ia`eko* U jkokpnko `eo_nal]iko ]^okhqp]iajpa `a aop] reoe j* Bnajpa ] aopko ai^]pao( h] bqan) v] okhe`]ne] `a hko iatemqajoao u `a iehao `a iate_]jko( ]_kil] ]j ]h ck^anj]`kn6 ao] ao oq bknp]hav]* Lkn aok qopa`( oa kn ck) ^anj]`kn( oacqen o]heaj`k ]r]jpa `a hko ]p]mqao oej nkopnk mqa `ajecn]j ] h] lkh ) pe_] iate_]j]Ï* Ah `eo_qnok `a Ien]j`]( aok o ( bqa ha `k u _kiajp]`k aj ah iqj`k lneeop]* Lneian] hh]i]`] ] I]jhek B]^ek >ahpnkjao( lneian]( `efk ]hcqeaj lkn ]d * .D ]ec[pb[olW6c_b[d_e$Yec
-P TFOUJNPT NVDIP ¶Z ZB
[b fW i Z[b dkdYW `WXWp
an`e`k aj h] ]r]h]j_d] `a jk) pe_e]o `a Ikjpannau u ah Pa_ `a Ikjpannau( l]o `a jk_da ah `eo) _qnok `ah oa_nap]nek cajan]h `a Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k `a I te_k( Hqeo Ajnemqa Ien]j`]6 ah dki^na mqa Úni _kj ? o]n J]r]( >a]pnev L]na`ao u Banj]j) `k C iav Ikjp ah _kjrajek l]n] i]p]n h]o ]he]jv]o aj hko _kie_eko iatemqajoao `ah ln teik ] k* Ien]j`] bqa ah kn]`kn aj ah ]_pk `a _kj) iaikn]_e j `ah j]p]he_ek `a >ajepk Fq nav _aha^n]`k aj Pkhq_]* Lneiank ahkce ] oq faba( ah ck^anj]`kn Ajnemqa La ] Jeapk6 ÎQj ]_pkn mqa nkila aopanakpelko( qj lkh pe_k `a jqar]
1SJNFSB MMBNBEB EF 1FtB /JFUP B #FMUSPOFT
9K8Ñ9KBE ;IJH7Jx=?9E :Xicfj DfkX
-
a lnacqjp ] qj ^]jmqank d]_a qjko ` ]o oe ateop ] p]h _ko] _kik h] Î^]j_] ran`aÏ k h] Î^]j_] oqo) pajp]^haÏ* Ia `efk mqa jk( lank oq naolqaop] i o ^eaj raj ] `ao) `a h] ajre`e] d]_e] ah ^]j_k bn]j_ o ?n `ep =cne_kha( mqa ]_]^] `a h]jv]n qj] _]il] ] chk^]h _kj ah ]_pkn Oa]j ?kjjanu( mqa ] h] hapn] `e_a6 Î>]_g pk _kiikj oajoa7 epÑo peia bkn cnaaj ^]jgejcÏ* Iq_d]o ej`qopne]o oa aop j ikreaj`k ] qj] rahk_e`]` iqu n le`] d]_e] h] oqopaj) p]^ehe`]`* =mq daiko `ao_nepk hko ]r]j_ao aj Naejk Qje`k( lkn afailhk( aj i]pane] `a aieoe j `a ^kjko `a _]n^kjk Íaoa ia_]) jeoik mqa lk`n ] mqa`]n ]pn]l]`k aj qj ian_]`k ej_eanpk oe hko h `anao `ah lh]jap] jk hhac]j ] qj ]_qan`k rej_qh]jpa aj h] naqje j ?KL -2 `a ?]j_ j*
4FBO $POOFSZ Z 1MBOFU 6Q "ET Qj] _kil] ] mqa na_eajpaiajpa d] h]j) v]`k qj] okhq_e j mqa rej_qh] h] lq^he_e`]` aj h ja] _kj h] ^ omqa`] `a qj amqehe^nek oqopajp]^ha ao Lh]jap Ql =`o* Oa pn]p] `a qj] Úni] mqa raj`a Î]jqj_eko `a patpk l]pnk_e) j]`ko u ai^a^e`ko aj i hpelhao oepeko sa^ ^]fk ah ik`ahk `a oq^]op] u l]ck lkn _he_gÏ( lank _quk lnkl oepk aola_ Ú_k ao _ki^]pen ah _]i^ek _hei pe_k _kj ^qaj] l]npa `a oqo ejcnaoko* ¼? ik; @a _]`] ]jqj_ek l]c]`k( .1 lkn _eajpk oa `aopej] ] _kiln]n ^kjko `a _]n^kjk* Lh]jap Ql =`o bqa _na]`] lkn E]j Skhbb( Hqeo Ln op]ik( u I]ng Skhbb( u ]qjmqa ao qj] op]np ql( d] na_e^e`k _]lep]h jcah `a ejranoekjeop]o _kik Pki o Iehik u =h^anpk C]nv]* H] ailnao] p]i^e j laniepa( ] mqeaj ]o hk `aoaa( en _kjoqieaj`k atlaneaj_e]o aj ejpanjap mqa jaqpn]hev]j h]o aieoekjao `a
_]n^kjk ej`ere`q]hao* H] Úni] atlhe_] mqa Î_q]j`k qj qoq]nek r]he`] qj _ `eck aj qj oepek sa^( rera qj] atlaneaj_e] iqhpeia`e] _kj ah l]pnk_ej]`kn u ]qpki pe_]iajpa oa ha ]_na`ep]j ^kjko `a _]n^kjk _anpeÚ_]`ko l]n] na`q_en oq dqahh] `a _]n^kjk lanokj]hÏ* Aop] ailnao] `e_a oan je_] aj oq pelk aj ah iqj`k* Ao lnk^]^ha mqa ]o oa]6 h] aola_eÚ) _e`]` `a oq ik`ahk na_]a aj h] cn]j _]jpe`]` `a cajpa mqa mqeana d]_an ]hck l]n] ]qtehe]n ] _ki^]pen ah _]hajp]ieajpk chk^]h Íaj Ao) p]`ko Qje`ko 3/ lkn _eajpk `a hko ejpanj]qp]o oa `e_aj `eolqaopko ] ]uq`]n* Kf]h h]o ]caj_e]o `a lq^he_e`]` `apa_paj n le`]iajpa aopa jqark ik`ahk( lknmqa oe I te_k d] `a lkjan afailhko `qn]jpa h] ?KL -2( paj`n mqa oan _kj aobqanvko `a pk`] j]) pqn]hav]( _kik opa* .D cejWYWhbei'&&6]cW_b$Yec
BM GSFOUF
;D FH?L7:E AfXhl e C g\q$ ; i`^X M%
%F JNQVOJEBE F JODBQBDJEBE D]u mqa lnk_qn]n mqa aj aopko ` ]o( @eko aop `a jqaopnk h]`k7 hk r]iko ] ja_aoep]n* Bhknaop j
-
] i]`nqc]`] `ah reanjao( ]h na) lahan( `e_a h] ejbkni]_e j kÚ_e]h( qj] ]cnaoe j aj h]o _an_]j ]o `ah Pa_jkh ce_k `a Ikjpannau( aj Jqark Ha j( ahaiajpko `ah Af n) _epk oa ajbnajp]nkj ] qj cnqlk `a leopkhanko `af]j`k qj o]h`k `a `ko oe_]neko iqanpko( oa `efk( u qj iehep]n dane`k* Aj ah pn]jo_qnok `a h]o oecqeajpao dkn]o( h] Oa_nap]n ] `a h] @abajo] J]_ekj]h aiepe qj _kiqje_]`k6 Î@a aopa arajpk naoqhp]nkj iqanpko `ko ej`ere`qko mqa d]op] ah ikiajpk oa aj_qajpn]j oej oan e`ajpeÚ_]`koÏ* I o p]n`a( ah lnk_qn]`kn `a Fqope_e] `a Jqark Ha j( =haf]j`nk C]nv] u C]nv]( _kjÚn) i mqa hko iqanpko an]j oe_]neko `ah _neiaj knc]jev]`k u ah na_pkn `ah Pa_( N]b]ah N]jcah( hk n]peÚ_ ( aiepeaj`k qj _kiqje_]`k aj ah mqa okopaj ] mqa Îjejc j ejpacn]jpa `a jqao) pn] _kiqje`]` `a aopq`e]jpao( lnkbaoknao k ailha]`ko( naoqhp ]ba_p]`k aj hko penkpako `a h] i]`nqc]`]Ï* Aj h]o lneian]o dkn]o `ah o ^]`k( hko `ko iqanpko oacq ]j aj oq _]n _pan `a `ao_kjk) _e`ko d]op] mqa lkn h] p]n`a hko l]`nao `a h]o r _pei]o hko e`ajpeÚ_]nkj( aj ah bknajoa `a Ikjpannau( _kik Fknca =jpkjek Ian_]`k =hkjok u F]rean Bn]j_eo_k =nna`kj`k Ran) `qck( ]i^ko aopq`e]jpao `a at_al_e j aj ah lkocn]`k `ah ieoik Pa_* = l]npen `a aoa ikiajpk pk`k bqankj _kj`khaj_e]o( oehaj_eko( na_h]i]_ekjao u _kjpn]`e__ekjao* N]jcah _knnece ( p]i^e j ah ck^eanjk ba`a) n]h ] pn]r o `a h] Oa_nap]n ] `a Ck^anj]_e j( u] jk r ] h] Oa`aj]( mqa d]^ ] nalknp]`k h] iqanpa `a hko `ko ej`ere`qko `ao_kjk_e`ko7 `a_h]n ( `ao`a oq `eop]j_e]( ah ck^anj]`kn Nk`neck Ia`ej]( ah Lnaoe`ajpa `a h] Nal ) ^he_] lnaoajp oqo _kj`khaj_e]o u I]nc]nep] V]r]h]( oq aolko]( d]^h _kj h]o i]i o `a hko aopq`e]jpao iqanpko u aj_]^av ( ]uan( ah dkiaj]fa aj ah Pa_* =h _q]npk ` ]( aopa hqjao( ah oa_nap]nek `a Ck^anj]_e j( Banj]j`k C iav Ikjp( `ao`a Ikjpannau( `efk mqa hko aopq`e]jpao d]^n ]j aop]`k `ah Û]j_k `a hko iehep]nao( _kik l]n] `a_en mqa bqankj hko oe_]neko( u jk hko okh`]`ko( hko mqa hko i]p]nkj( _kik oe bqan] qj ]oqjpk `a i]pev k `a nah]_e j r _pei])re_pei]nek* =uan i]npao( ah ck^anj]`kn Ia`ej] ]lqj) p]^] ] h] LCN _kik mqeaj d]^ ] e`ajpeÚ_]`k ] hko aopq`e]jpao _kik oe_]neko( hk mqa qj ikiajpk `aolq o _kjpn]`a_ ] oq lnk_qn]`kn C]nv] u C]nv]( _ep]j`k ] h] @abajo] `ajpnk `a h] ]ranecq]_e j ba`an]h* Ah lqjpk ao mqa `ko f rajao aopq`e]jpao `a at_al_e j bqankj iqanpko ] penko aj ia`ek `a qj ajbnajp]ieajpk ajpna ah Af n_epk u oe_]) neko `ah _neiaj knc]jev]`k( u mqa j]`ea( je ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h je ah hk_]h( je h]o ejop]j_e]o `a lnk_qn]_e j `a fqope_e] je h]o lkhe_ ]o( je h]o ]qpkne`]`ao qjeranoep]ne]o( j]`ea( lqao( oa ajpan mqa hko d]^ ]j i]p]`k( apemqap j) `khko _kik oe_]neko* Oqo iqanpao oan j qj] i o `a h]o iehao mqa d]u oej ]_h]n]n* U lkn aok( lkn h] eilqje`]`( d]^n i o* Jko raiko i] ]j]( lank aj lner]`k* .D bef[pZeh_]W6c_b[d_e$Yec
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
$PMJNB
P
i[]kh_ZWZ
;b Yedikce Z[ WbYe^eb o [nY[ie Z[ l[beY_ZWZ \k[hed bWi fh_dY_fWb[i YWkiWi
9eb_cW [d (&&/" [iY[dWh_e Z[ Y_dYe c_b *)) WYY_Z[dj[i l_Wb[i ;b 9edi[`e Z[ Fh[l[dY_ d Z[ 7YY_Z[dj[i ZWh| [d
YeceZWje Z_[p WbYe^eb c[jhei" oW gk[ [b [ijWZe eYkfW [b '& bk]Wh dWY_edWb [d bW _dY_Z[dY_W Z[ [ijei f[hYWdY[i 9eb_cW3@mfee\ 9XiXaXj
$
khei] bqa ao_aj]nek `a 1 ieh 0// ]__e`ajpao rade_qh]nao aj .,,5( ao h] ` _ei] ajpe`]` ba`an]per] mqa lna) oajp] aopa pelk `a lan_]j_ao _kj i]ukn bna_qaj_e]* Ah _kjoqik `a ]h_kdkh u at_aok `a rahk_e`]` oa lanbeh]j _kik h]o `ko lnej_el]hao _]qo]o( ]oacqn Cqehhanik Rehh] Ck` jav( _kkn`ej]`kn `ah ?kjoafk Aop]p]h l]n] h] Lnaraj_e j u ?kjpnkh `a =__e`ajpao aj ?khei]* H]o ]qpkne`]`ao( `efk( `a^aj ]lhe_]n ah lnej_elek `a Îpkhan]j_e] _ankÏ u bknp]ha_an hko klan]perko
l]n] `apajan ] lanokj]o mqa i]ja) faj ^]fk ah ejbhqfk `ah ]h_kdkh* Aj ^nara Ì]`ai o `a ailav]n _kj qj lnkcn]i] `a oajoe^ehe) v]_e j aj aop] pailkn]`] r]_]) _ekj]h( ] pn]r o `a _]il] ]o `a `ebqoe j u pn lpe_ko ejbkni]pe) rkoÍ ah ?kjoafk ajpnac]n aj _kik`]pk `eav ]h_kdkh iapnko ] hko ]uqjp]ieajpko( _ej_k `a aopko ]l]n]pko peajaj qj] bqj_e j aola_e]h mqa laniepa `apa_p]n ah cn]`k `a ]h_kdkheoik mqa lna) oajp] ah _kj`q_pkn* H]o aop]` ope_]o d]^h]j6 oac j h] Knc]jev]_e j Iqj`e]h `a h] O]hq` $KIO%( aj I te_k iqanaj ., ieh lanokj]o ]h ] k ] _]qo] `a hko ]__e)
`ajpao rade_qh]nao7 hko iqanpko oa _kj_ajpn]j aj hko cnqlko `a a`]` `a -1 ] /, ] ko* U] oa _kjoe`an] qj lnk^hai] `a o]hq` l ^he_]( lknmqa hko ]__e`ajpao okj h] _q]np] _]qo] `a iqanpa `aolq o `a lnk^hai]o _n je_k)`acajan]perko* Ah @eopnepk Ba`an]h u F]heo_k oa q^e_]j aj hko lneianko hqc]nao `a h] heop]( ieajpn]o mqa aop]`ko _kik Cq]j]fq]pk u P]^]o_k k_ql]j hko iajknao j`e_ao `a ]__e`ajpao ]qpkikreh ope_ko* Oac j `]pko `ah naoqiaj cajan]h `a aop]` ope_]o .,,5( `a hko ]__e`ajpao nalknp]`ko - ieh .1/ bqankj k_]oekj]`ko lkn ]qpkikreheop]o mqa _kj`q_ ]j
;i d[Y[iWh_e h[Wb_pWh kd _dl[djWh_e Z[ Wi[djWc_[djei _hh[]kbWh[i
L_l[d ( c_b (&& f[hiedWi Wb f_[ Z[ h ei o Whheoei 9eb_cW3<c`qXY\k_ :Xjk`ccf D e[\q
&
j ah aop]`k d]u . ieh .,, lanokj]o mqa reraj aj _kj`e) _ekjao `a ]hpk neaock lknmqa aop j ]oajp]`]o aj hko i ncajao `a n ko u ]nnkuko( oa ]h ah `ena_pkn hk_]h `a h] ?kieoe j J]_ekj]h `ah =cq] $?kj]cq]%( Ik`aopk =nkj Iaj`kv] Cqpe nnav( ]h d]^h]n `a h] eilknp]j_e] `a mqa oa eilqhoa qj lnkcn]i] l]n] e`ajpebe_]n a ejrajp]ne]n hko ]oajp]ieajpko dqi]jko ennacqh]nao( _kj ah lnk) l oepk `a hkcn]n oq nacqh]nev]_e j( naq^e_]_e j k `ao]hkfk*
?kj ikperk `a h]o _aha^n]_ek) jao `ah @ ] Iqj`e]h `ah =cq] u `ah @ ] Iapaknkh ce_k Iqj`e]h( Iaj`kv] Cqpe nnav i]jebaop mqa h] ?kj]cq] aj _kkn`ej]_e j _kj ah Oeopai] Aop]p]h `a Lnkpa__e j ?ereh u kbe_ej]o iqje_el]hao e`ajpebe_ 12- rereaj`]o _kjopnqe`]o aj hko i ncajao `a n ko u ]nnkuko* =lqjp mqa aop]o rereaj`]o u oqo d]^ep]jpao aop j aj oepq]_e j `a neaock ]jpa h]o lkoe^hao ejqj) `]_ekjao k `ao^kn`]ieajpko `a hko _]q`]hao mqa oqahaj naceopn]noa `qn]jpa ah pailkn]h `a hhqre]o* Iaj`kv] Cqpe nnav i]jebaop
mqa hko ]oajp]ieajpko ennacqh]nao aj hko i ncajao `a hko n ko u ]nnkuko cajan]hiajpa lnkrk_]j mqa h]o ejqj`]_ekjao oa _kjreanp]j aj qj lnk^hai] atpn]kn`ej]nek( Î`a^e`k ] mqa oq bna_qaj_e] `a k_qnnaj_e] ao i]ukn ] h] lani]jaj_e] `a h]o ]qpkne`]`ao iqje_el]hao( lknmqa h]iajp]^haiajpa d]u qj] reoe j p]j _knp] mqa jk laniepa _kjpejq]n _kj h]o ]__ekjao aj ah oecqeajpa lanek`k `a ck^eanjk iqje_el]h( hk _q]h lnkrk_] mqa ]hcqj]o k^n]o aj hko i ncajao mqa`aj ej_kj_hq) o]o u jk oa _kjpej aj( k iq_d]o ra_ao h]o k^n]o mqa oa de_eankj jk
Bei WYY_Z[dj[i l[^_YkbWh[i ied bW YkWhjW YWkiW Z[ ck[hj[ [d [b fW i aj aop]`k `a a^nea`]` u /.1 lkn at_aok `a rahk_e`]`7 dq^k -13 ]pnklahh]`ko u `a h]o lanokj]o ejrkhq_n]`]o aj ah ]__e`ajpa( kj_a b]hha_eankj aj ah hqc]n `a hko da_dko u kpn]o p]jp]o ieaj) pn]o na_e^ ]j ]paj_e j i `e_]* Hko `] ko i]pane]hao ]o_aj`eankj ] 2. iehhkjao `a laoko* Hqeo =hbkjok O]h]v]n O]qn k( oa_nap]nek p _je_k( ]oacqn mqa _kj h] na]_per]_e j `ah ?kjoafk Aop]p]h l]n] h] Lnaraj_e j u ?kjpnkh `a =__e`ajpao aolan]j mqa h] bna) _qaj_e] `a aopko lan_]j_ao r]u] ] h]
^]f] aj ?khei]6 ÎR]iko ] pn]^]f]n aj_]njev]`]iajpa aj h]o h]^knao `a oajoe^ehev]_e j( r]iko ] oqcanen mqa h]o ]qpkne`]`ao `eoa aj klan]) perko l]n] receh]n ] hko _kj`q_pknao( mqa oa nacqha h] rajp] `a ]h_kdkh u mqa hko l]`nao mqa hao lnaop]j ah _]nnk ] oqo defko ]`khao_ajpao oa]j iqu _qe`]`kokoÏ* =h heop]`k `a h]o lkoe^hao _]qo]o `a ]__e`ajpao d]u mqa ]cnac]nha mqa ?khei] peaja qjk `a hko l]n) mqao rade_qh]nao i o lk^h]`ko6 oa _]h_qh] mqa d]u qj ]qpkikpkn lkn _]`] `ko d]^ep]jpao*
&TQFSBO DJDMPOFT QBSB (+ Y_Ybed[i jhef_YWb[i feZh Wd WpejWh bWi YeijWi c[n_YWdWi `q) n]jpa h] ln tei] pailkn]`] `a hhqre]o( `a hko _q]hao -/ oa naceo) pn]n ]j aj ah L]_ be_k Jknkneajp]h( oac j h] lneian] ranoe j `a hko lnkj ope_ko `a h] ]_pere`]` `a pkniajp]o pnkle_]hao u dqn]_]jao aj ah L]_ be_k Jknkneajp]h `qn]jpa .,-,( lq^he_]`] lkn ?kj]cq] ah -, `a i]nvk `a aopa ] k* Oa lnkua_p] mqa h] ]_pere`]` `a h] pailk) n]`] .,-, oan lkn `a^]fk `a h] oepq]_e j jkni]h `a -53, ] .,,5( _kj qj] Îaopei]_e j lnkia`ek `a -/ _e_hkjao _kj jki^naÏ* @a hko -/ oeopai]o pnkle_]hao lnkjkope_]`ko l]n] ah L]_ be_k( 2 lk`n ]j ]h_]jv]n h] ejpajoe`]` `a pkniajp] pnkle_]h( 1 oan ]j dqn]_]jao ik`an]`ko u . dqn]_]jao ejpajoko* L]n] ah =ph jpe_k( ah Ckhbk `a I te_k u ah ?]ne^a( oa lnkjkope_]nkj -. _e_hkjao6 1 oan j pkniajp]o pnkle_]hao( 0 dqn]_]jao ik`an]`ko u / dqn]_]jao ejpajoko* H] Knc]jev]_e j Iapaknkh ce_] Iqj`e]h ah]^kn qj] heop] `a ./ jki) ^nao mqa oa ailha]n j ] hko _e_hkjao mqa oa naceopnaj aj h] lnaoajpa pai) lkn]`]( okj ãc]p]( >h]o( ?ahe]( @]n^u( Aopahha( Bn]jg( Cakcanppa( Dks]n`( Eoeo( F]rean( G]u u I]`aheja( hko pna_a lneianko* 9eb_cW3<:D
_qilhaj _kj h]o atla_p]per]o `a h] lk^h]_e jÏ( ]lqjp * =jpa h] lnaoaj_e] `ah oa_nap]) nek Cajan]h `a Ck^eanjk( Fao o
Knkv_k =hb]nk( u ah oq^canajpa `a lnkj ope_ko ] ia`e]jk u h]nck lh]vk `ah Oanre_ek Iapaknkh ce_k J]_ekj]h( Banj]j`k Fao o N]iko(
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
I;H=?E 9;HL7DJ;I
9e\[fh_i oW bei [lWbk
9eb_cW j_[d[ iki fbWoWi b_cf_Wi0 I[cWhdWj Bei l_i_jWdj[i Z[b
[ijWZe YedjWh|d Yed fbWoWi Yed XWdZ[hW l[hZ[ fWhW XW Whi[ 9eb_cW3 <:D
5
=qjmqa h] atla_p]per] ao na`q) _en hko ]__e`ajpao re]hao aj .,-,( naola_pk ]h ] k l]o]`k( p]j o hk aj h] hpei] mqej_aj] oa naceopn]nkj oeapa ]__e`ajpao aj ikpko( ah naoqh) p]`k6 `ko lanokj]o lan`eankj h] re`]( pnao bqankj ]ilqp]`]o u kpn]o `ko oqbneankj qj] haoe j _ana^n]h* Bej]hiajpa êo_]n Fkoq ?af]( naolkjo]^ha `a _]l]_ep]_e j u oacq) ne`]` re]h( ]oacqn mqa oa `a^aj _kkn`ej]n hko aobqanvko ajpna ah _kjoafk u h]o `ena__ekjao `a pn joepk `a hko ]uqjp]ieajpko l]n] hkcn]n ]r]j_ao oecjebe_]perko* .&
ah `ena_pkn hk_]h `a h] ?kj]cq] d]^h `a h] ja_aoe`]` `a mqa oa aop]^hav_]j h]o ^]oao l]n] `ao]) nnkhh]n lnkcn]i]o u ]__ekjao l]n] e`ajpebe_]n a ejrajp]ne]n hko ]oaj) p]ieajpko dqi]jko ennacqh]nao aj h] ajpe`]`* Ah pepqh]n `a h] ?kj]cq] `ao) p]_ mqa qj] rav e`ajpebe_]`ko hko ]oajp]ieajpko dqi]jko( oa `a^a pn]^]f]n aj oq nacqh]ne) v]_e j( naq^e_]_e j k `ao]hkfk( oac j hk aop]^ha_a h] jkni]pere) `]` aj i]pane] `a ]oajp]ieajpko dqi]jko* @qn]jpa ah arajpk( Iaj`kv] Cqpe nnav ajpnac ] Knkv_k =hb]nk ah _kilaj`ek `a e`ajpebe_]_e j `a ]oajp]ieajpko hk_]hev]`ko aj vkj]o `a ]hpk neaock aj _]q_ao ba`an]hao* Aj oq klknpqje`]`( ah oa_nap]nek Cajan]h `a Ck^eanjk `efk mqa ah ck^eanjk `ah aop]`k( aj _kkn`ej]) _e j _kj hko ]uqjp]ieajpko( d]n qj bnajpa _ki j l]n] ]paj`an h] lnk^hai pe_] atlqaop] aj aopa _kilaj`ek* .&
k`]o h]o lh]u]o `a h] ajpe`]` peajaj ^]j`an] ran`a aj _q]jpk ] h] heileav]( lkn hk mqa hko pqneop]o mqa ]_q`]j ] hko hepkn]hao `a I]jv]jehhk( =nian ] u Pa_ki j `qn]jpa h]o ln tei]o r]_]_ekjao `a^aj pajan h] oacqne`]` `a mqa h]o ]cq]o i]nej]o aop j heile]o* Hk ]jpanekn bqa ejbkni]`k lkn ah `ahac]`k `a h] Oa_nap]n ] `ah Ia`ek =i^eajpa u Na_qnoko J]pqn]hao $Oai]nj]p%( N] h =nna`kj`k J]r]( mqeaj i]jebaop mqa _kik l]npa `ah Lnkcn]i] ÎLh]u] heile]Ï( mqa na]hev] h] ?kieoe j J]_ekj]h `ah =cq] $?kj]cq]%( aj ba^nank oa devk qj] ar]hq]_e j ok^na h]o _kj`e_ek) jao aj mqa oa aj_qajpn] ah hepkn]h _kheiajoa* Atlqok mqa `a ]_qan`k ] hko naoqh) p]`ko `a aop] ar]hq]_e j( da_d] lkn h] ?kieoe j Ba`an]h l]n] h] Lnkpa__e j `a Neaocko O]jep]neko( h]o lh]u]o _khe) iajoao peajaj ^]j`an] ran`a* =nna`kj`k J]r] atlhe_ mqa ah k^faperk `ah lnkcn]i] ÎLh]u] heile]Ï `a h] ?kj]cq] ao lnkikran ah o]ja]) ieajpk `a h]o lh]u]o u `a h]o _qaj_]o( oq^_qaj_]o( ^]nn]j_]o( ]_q banko u _qanlko na_alpknao `a ]cq] ]ok_e]`ko ] h]o ieoi]o( ]o _kik lnarajen u _knnacen h] _kjp]iej]_e j l]n] lnkpacan u lnaoanr]n hko hepkn]hao iate_]j]o( naolap]j`k h] a_khkc ] j]per] u ahar]j`k h] _]he`]` u ah jerah `a re`] `a h] lk^h]_e j hk_]h( `ah pqneoik u h] _kilapepere`]` `a h]o lh]u]o* Nabene mqa l]n]hah]iajpa ]h lnkcn]i] `a lh]u]o heile]o( aop j klan]j`k hko _kiep o `a ÎLh]u] heile]Ï mqa oa ejpacn]j lkn h] `ahac]_e j `a h] Oai]nj]p( hko ]uqjp]ieajpko `a =nian ]( Pa_ki j( I]jv]jehhk( Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k u qj nalnaoaj) p]jpa `a h] Oa_nap]n ] `a D]_eaj`]* ?kiajp mqa ] pn]r o `a aopko _kiep o mqa klan]j aj _]`] qjk `a hko iqje_eleko _kopanko( oa `] qj oacqeieajpk ]h `aopejk `a hko na_qnoko mqa oa na_]^]j lkn ah l]ck `a `ana_dko `a vkj] ba`an]h* Afailhebe_ mqa aj ah _]ok `a I]jv]jehhk oa na_]q`]j ]h ] k -1 iehhkjao `a laoko lkn `ana_dko `a qok `a vkj] ba`an]h( `a aopko na_qnoko oa `a^aj `aopej]n qj /, lkn _eajpk l]n] oanre_eko ] h]o lh]u]o* =nna`kj`k J]r] oa ]h mqa ajpna hko oanre_eko `a lh]u] mqa `a^aj `]n hko ]uqjp]ieajpko `aop]_] h] lkhe_ ] pqn ope_]( ^]nna`kn]o( amqel]ieajpk( `al oepko `a naoe`qko( ]__aoko ] h]o lh]u]o( nac]`an]o u kpnko* .&
$PMJNB
$PMJNB c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'& <[Z[h_Ye HWd][b BepWde i[ Yed]hWjkb feh bWi \[b_Y_jWY_ed[i ^[Y^Wi feh bW 7kZ_jeh_W Ikf[h_eh Z[ bW <[Z[hWY_ d
;ZkYWY_ d" b_ijW fWhW iebl[djWh bWi eXi[hlWY_ed[i feh [b <7;8 J7F?HE
7 Z_\[h[dY_W Z[b W e
fWiWZe" [ij[ (&'& bW i[Yh[jWh W h[]_ijh YkWjhe eXi[hlWY_ed[i ;b cedje i[ WbWZe
[i '( cZf1 YecfWhWZe Yed bei ( c_b c_bbed[i Z[ fh[ikfk[ije 9eb_cW3?\`[` [\ C\ e >lk` ii\q
&
h oa_nap]nek `a A`q_]_e j `ah aop]`k `a ?khei]( Ba`ane_k N]jcah Hkv]jk( ]Úni mqa u] aop pk`k heopk l]n] mqa h] `alaj) `aj_e] ] oq _]nck lqa`] okhrajp]n h]o k^oanr]_ekjao mqa hao devk h] =q`epkn ] Oqlanekn `a h] Ba`an]_e j $=OB%( lkn qj ikjpk `a -. iehhkjao `a laoko* Aj aopa oajpe`k ah bqj_ekj]nek oa ikopn o]peoba_dk lkn h] bkni] aj h] mqa oa afan_eankj hko na_qnoko `ah Bkj`k `a =lknp]_ekjao l]n] h] A`q_]_e j > oe_] u Jkni]h $B=A>% u ]qjmqa dq^k k^oanr]_ekjao( o) p]o okj i jei]o aj _kil]n]_e j _kj hko i o `a . ieh iehhkjao `a
;b j_jkbWh Z[ bW Z[f[dZ[dY_W Z[iYWhj gk[ lWoWd W iWdY_edWh W Wb] d \kdY_edWh_e feh bei i[ WbWc_[djei Z[ bW 7I< laoko mqa afan_a `a lnaoqlqaopk h] oa_nap]ne] `a A`q_]_e j* Ba`ane_k N]jcah Hkv]jk i]jebao) p mqa ] `ebanaj_e] `ah ] k l]o]`k( aj aop] k_]oe j jk dq^k lnk^hai]
_kj hko i]aopnko _kieoekj]`ko( u] mqa oa ]paj`eankj `a i]jan] lqjpq]h pk`]o h]o na_kiaj`]_ek) jao mqa aj .,,4 devk h] =q`epkne] Oqlanekn `a h] Ba`an]_e j*
I[ kiWh| YkWdZe ^WoW c|i Z[ ) fWiW`[hei e fWhW `kdjWi Z[ [c[h][dY_W
=oeieoik( i]jebaop mqa h]o k^oanr]_ekjao mqa peajaj okj ]`) iejeopn]per]o( lkn hk mqa `ao_]np mqa oa lnaoajpa ]hcqj] o]j_e j l]n] qj bqj_ekj]nek aop]p]h mqa d]u] pa) J7F?HE
aÚ_eajpa qo]n ah ]re j `a ck^eanjk( _q]j`k okj i o `a pnao ao i o ^]n]pk qpehev]n h] ]ankj]ra kÚ_e]h mqa hko rqahko _kian_e]haoÏ( `efk*
Ah oa_nap]nek `a =`iejeopn]_e j i]jebaop mqa hko .. ieh laoko lkn rqahk u] ej_hqua ah l]ck `a hko lehkpko( lank ]`ai o oajpaj) _e mqa( aj _]ok `a mqa ah ]re j oa qpehe_a lkn r]ne]o dkn]o( peaja qj _kopk ]`e_ekj]h ] hko .. ieh laoko* ÎQj rqahk `a qj] dkn] ] h] ?eq`]` `a I te_k peaja qj _kopk `a ., ieh laoko ]lnktei]`]iaj) pa( lank oe ao `a dkn] u ia`e] ah _kopk oan `a /, iehÏ( `efk ah oa_nap]nek `a =`iejeopn]_e j( hqack nabene mqa d]u oai]j]o _kilhap]o `kj`a ah ck^anj]`kn jk qpehev] ah ]re j u aj kpn]o k_]) oekjao peaja mqa re]f]n d]op] pnao ra_ao lkn oai]j]* ÎAh ikreieajpk ao r]ne]^ha( lank ]dkn] aop]iko _kj h] `eolk) oe_e j mqa jko `ek ah ck^anj]`kn u ao _q]j`k paj`naiko qj] `eoie) jq_e j aj hko _kopkoÏ( oajpaj_e Kh`ai^kqnc ?a^]hhko*.&
Aj aopa oajpe`k i]jebaop mqa ah lnkua_pk Î@eoa k a eilhaiajp]_e j `a qj ik`ahk `a `aol]_dk fq`e_e]h u oacqeieajpk ejpacn]h `a _]oko aj hko fqvc]`ko `a lneian] ejop]j_e] `ah Lk`an Fq`e_e]h `ah Aop]`k `a ?khei]Ï( paj`n qj lnaoqlqaopk `a ., iehhkjao 312 ieh laoko* Fko =hbna`k Fei jav( i]jebaop mqa ah ln teik ] k oa lk`n ] lk) jan aj i]n_d] ah lnkcn]i] lehkpk aj qj fqvc]`k u lkopanekniajpa nalhe_]nhk aj h] pkp]he`]` `a h]o l]npe`]o fq`e_e]hao*
?kj aopa lnkua_pk oa `eoiejqen ah peailk lnkia`ek `a okhq_e j `a hko lnk_aoko _erehao( ian_]jpehao u b]iehe]nao7 h]o l]npao ejrkhq_n]) `]o lk`n j ajre]n `k_qiajpko `a bkni] aha_pn je_] u pajan `k) _qiajpko `ah _]ok u oq aop]`k ] pn]r o `a Ejpanjap* =oeieoik( ateopen j bkni]o l]n] ikjepkna]n h] _]nc] `a pn]) ^]fk `a _]`] fqav u oan lkoe^ha ar]hq]n h] aÚ_eaj_e] u aÚ_]_e] `a hko lnk_a`eieajpko fq`e_e]hao u `a _kj_ehe]_e j*.&
LebWh Wl_ d eÅY_Wb Z[ ]eX_[hde Yk[ijW (( c_b f[iei feh ^ehW ;b ]eX[hdWZeh CWh_e pajc]j mqa pn]oh]`]noa ] ]hc j hqc]n
7d]k_Wde jec bW Z[Y_i_ d Z[ kj_b_pWh bei lk[bei Yec[hY_Wb[i 9eb_cW3?C>
7
kh]n ah ]re j lnklea`]` `a Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k _qaop] .. ieh laoko lkn dkn]( lkn hk mqa ah i]j`]p]nek _kheiajoa( I]nek =jcqe]jk Iknajk( hk qpehe) v]n _q]j`k i o `a pnao lanokj]o
k _q]j`k d]u] ]hc j _ j_h]ra `a hpeik ikiajpk u jk aj_qajpna rqahko _kian_e]hao `eolkje^hao* Hk ]jpanekn hk ejbkni ah oa_nap]nek `a =`iejeopn]_e j( T]rean Kh`ai^kqnc ?a^]hhko( mqeaj atlhe_ mqa `ajpnk `a h]o lkh pe_]o `a ]qopane`]` mqa eilhaiajp h] ]`iejeopn]_e j aop]p]h( oa hhac ] h] _kj_hqoe j `a mqa ah ck^anj]`kn qpehev]n ah ]re j _kian_e]h l]n] ^]f]n hko _kopko `a klan]_e j `a h] ]ankj]ra `a Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k*
= qj] lnacqjp]( i]jebaop mqa h] ejopnq__e j mqa peajaj ao mqa ah ]re j kÚ_e]h rkh]n je_]) iajpa _q]j`k hko l]o]fanko oa]j i o `a pnao lanokj]o k _q]j`k ah ck^anj]`kn pajc] mqa pn]oh]`]noa ] ]hc j aop]`k u jk d]u] dkn]nek `a rqahk _kian_e]h* ÎAop ^qo_]`k mqa pk`] h] lnk) cn]i]_e j oa d]c] _kj ah peailk oqÚ_eajpa l]n] mqa oa pkia ah rqahk _kian_e]h* ?kj aop] ln _pe_] oa aop d]_eaj`k qj] ar]hq]_e j( lknmqa oe ^eaj ao _eanpk mqa _q]j`k d]u qj j iank eilknp]jpa `a l]o]fanko ao
I9@D Wi_]d (& cZf Wb [ijWZe fWhW ceZ[hd_pWh [b i_ij[cW Z[ `kij_Y_W
8kiYWd Z_ic_dk_h j_[cfei Z[ bei `k_Y_ei 9eb_cW3?C>
$
kj Új]j_e]ieajpk `a h] Oq) lnai] ?knpa `a Fqope_e] `a h] J]_e j $O?FJ%( ah Oqlnaik Pne^qj]h `a Fqope_e] `ah Aop]`k $OPFA% eilqho]n qj lnkua_pk `a bknp]) ha_eieajpk fq`e_e]h mqa lnapaj`a
na`q_en hko peailko l]n] aiepen h] naokhq_e j `a hko fqe_eko* Aopa lnkua_pk mqa ]uan bqa lnaoajp]`k ] h]o ]qpkne`]`ao `ah Lk`an Fq`e_e]h( lnapaj`a ej) _naiajp]n h] aba_pere`]` `a hko nc]jko fqneo`e__ekj]hao7 u oa `ao]nnkhh]n aj hko ln teiko /.
iaoao( oac j h] ejbkni]_e j mqa oa kbna_e * Ah lnaoe`ajpa `ah OPFA( Fko =hbna) `k Fei jav ?]nnehhk( oajpaj_e mqa ?khei] bqa h] je_] ajpe`]` oaha_) _ekj]`] lkn h] O?FJ l]n] `ao]nnkhh]n ah lnkua_pk mqa lnapaj`a aÚ_eajp]n h] eilknp]_e j `a h] fqope_e]*
je`k mqa ran _kj ah i]jafk `a hko na_qnoko `ah B=A>* ÎH]o k^oanr]_ekjao jk okj oecje) Ú_]per]o( jko oajpeiko o]peoba_dko( lknmqa dq^k h] bahe_ep]_e j `a h] =OB( lkn mqa oa afan_eankj hko na_qnoko ]`a_q]`]iajpa* H]o k^oanr]_ekjao mqa pajaiko okj i jei]o u pk`]o oa okhrajp]n j `a i]jan] ]`a_q]) `]Ï( ]oaran * Oajpaj_e mqa aopko naoqhp]`ko b]rkn]^hao okj i nepko `a h] l]o]`] ]`iejeopn]_e j( u] mqa h] =OB( ah l]o]`k iao `a ba^nank lnaoajp h]o ]q`epkne]o _knnaolkj`eajpao ]h afan) _e_ek Úo_]h .,,5( Îlank _kjÚ]iko aj mqa ah oecqeajpa ] k rkhranaiko ] o]hen _kj hko ^qajko naoqhp]`ko `a ]dkn]Ï( ]Úni * Ba`ane_k N]jcah i]jebaop mqa ajpna ]hcqj]o `a h]o k^oanr]_ekjao oa _qajp] ah _]i^ek `a i]aopnko( ao `a_en mqa ]hcqjko aop]^]j ]`o_nepko ] qj _ajpnk `a pn]^]fk( _q]j`k aj na]) he`]` u] oa aj_kjpn]^]j aj kpnk hqc]n h]^kn]j`k* Î oko okj ikreieajpko mqa aop j `a _ki j ]_qan`k _kj h] knc]jev]_e j oej`e_]h u oa e`ajpeÚ_]) nkj lhaj]iajpaÏ( i]jebaop 7 hqack `efk mqa hko i]aopnko _kieoekj]`ko jk okj qj cnqlk oecjeÚ_]perk aj ?khei]( _kik o oq_a`a aj kpn]o ajpe`]`ao `ah l] o*.D
;b i[Yh[jWh_e Z[ 7Zc_d_ijhWY_ d
D@C<E@F
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
$PMJNB J7F?HE
I[ dei WZ[bWdjWhed Yed bW B[o Z[ IWbWh_ei C|n_cei0 b Z[h XbWdgk_Wpkb
F7D i[ h[i[hlW W][dZW feh j[ceh Z[ W]WdZWbb[ TH[[ijhkYjkhWd bei
fWd_ijWi ik fbWd Z[ jhWXW`e [d [b 9ed]h[ie Z[b ;ijWZe
9eb_cW3DXi`f 8cY\ikf Jfc j <jg`efjX
-
] bn]__e j `ah L=J aj ah ?kj) cnaok `ah Aop]`k na`eoa oq ]caj`] haceoh]per] lank jk ]`ah]jp]n hko lkniajknao `a `e_dk lh]j `a pn]^]fk( `a^e`k ] mqa r]neko `a oqo pai]o bqankj ]c]j`]hh]`ko lkn oqo dki hkcko lneeop]o( _kik ao h] Hau `a O]h]neko I teiko*
=o hk i]jebaop ah _kkn`ej]`kn `a hko `elqp]`ko `ah L=J aj h] HRE Haceoh]pqn]( N]uiqj`k Ckjv hav O]h`] ]( mqeaj ]jqj_e mqa ]h ik) `eÚ_]n oq ]caj`] `a pn]^]fk( u] jk _kjpailh]j ah pn]p]ieajpk `a hko -1 pai]o mqa d]^ ]j lh]jpa]`k knecej]hiajpa( oejk mqa ]dkn] oa ]rk_]n j ] k_dk* Jk k^op]jpa( ah h `an `a hko l]jeop]o oajpaj_e mqa jk lqa) `a ]^qj`]n aj ao] ejbkni]_e j( Îlknmqa _q]j`k hk de_eiko aj ah lanek`k `a oaoekjao ]jpanekn( ah LNE oa ]`ah]jp _kj h] eje_e]per] `a Hau `a O]h]neko I teiko mqa jkokpnko u] d]^ ]iko ]jqj_e]`kÏ*
=qjmqa oa naoeope ] hh]i]nha Îlen]pan ]Ï ] h] ]_pepq` `a h] bn]_) _e j `ah LNE( N]uiqj`k Ckjv hav pki oqo lna_]q_ekjao l]n] mqa jk oq_a`] hk ieoik `ah lneian lanek`k6 Î_q]j`k pqreiko h] ]i]nc] atlaneaj_e] `a mqa `eiko ] _kjk_an jqaopn] ]caj`] u ah LNE oa ]`ah]jp _kj ao] haceoh]_e j u] _ep]`]Ï* I]jebaop mqa aj ao] klknpq) je`]` oa hkcn mqa h] eje_e]per] `ah Narkhq_ekj]nek Ejopepq_ekj]h bqan] _kilhaiajp]`] _kj h] lnklqaop] `a =__e j J]_ekj]h( Î`a ao] i]jan] oa hkcn mqa aj ah `e_p]iaj oa _kj) pailh]n]j h]o lkoe_ekjao `a ]i^]o bn]__ekjaoÏ( `efk ah haceoh]`kn*
HWockdZe =edp|b[p WZ[bWdj gk[ i[h|d Z_iYh[jei Yed ik j[cWh_e ÎLank aj aop] k_]oe j u l]n] mqa jk oq_a`] hk ieoik( r]iko ] i]jpajan qj lk_k h] `eo_na_e j( ]qjmqa `a^a mqa`]n _h]nk mqa u] pajaiko ^eaj `aÚje`k ah pai]nek mqa r]iko ] lh]jpa]n l]n] ah ln te) ik lanek`k mqa eje_e] ah lneian ` ] `a ]^nehÏ( ]ncqiajp * =^qj` mqa h] ejpaj_e j `a jk ]`ah]jp]n hko ]oqjpko( p]i) ^e j oa ^qo_] mqa h]o lnklqaop]o jk oa]j ^hkmqa]`]o( Îokj pai]o
mqa oa ajbk_]n j ] naokhran h] lnk^hai pe_] `ah aop]`k( ok^na pk`k l]n] hko oa_pknao _kj i o ja_aoe`]`aoÏ* Ok^na h] `eoiejq_e j `a -1 ] k_dk pai]o aj h] ]caj`] haceoh]) per]( N]uiqj`k Ckjv hav atlhe_ mqa Î_kj_hqeiko mqa ao iafkn pn]v]njko k^faperko na]hao u ]h_]j) v]^hao( jk pai]o mqa `eb _ehiajpa lk`naiko ]pannev]nÏ( _kj_hqu ah `elqp]`k l]jeop]* .& 9EHJ;IÑ7
;d Wd_l[hiWh_e bkYjkeie Z[ Bk_i :edWbZe 9ebei_e
9edZ[dWd fh__ijWi W 9WbZ[h d0 ºfheleY kd XW e Z[ iWd]h[» F_Z[d Y[hhWh ÅbWi [d
J7F?HE
jehde Wb ]eX[hdWZeh CWh_e 7d]k_Wde" be YecfWhWd Yed 9ebei_e ;b cWdZWjWh_e [ijWjWb YecfWhj_ Yed iki ^ec be]ei bW [ijhWj[]_W YedjhW bW eX[i_ZWZ Wfb_YWZW [d [b [ijWZe
9eb_cW3D`c\e`f
;d bW jh_] i_ce eYjWlW h[kd_ d Z[ bW 9edW]e" Y[b[XhWZW [d Ceh[b_W
-
] _ lqh] lneeop] aj ?khei] ]lnkra_d ah ]jerano]nek hq_pqkok `ah at _]j`e`]pk lnaoe`aj_e]h Hqeo @kj]h`k ?khk) oek l]n] `enecen oqo ^]pan ]o _kjpn] ah ck^eanjk `a Bahela ?]h`an j( ] mqeaj ]_qo]nkj `a Îlnkrk_]n qj ^] k `a o]jcna aj ah l] oÏ* Aj h] _anaikje] ] h] mqa ]_q) `eankj bqj_ekj]neko `a ck^eanjk u iehep]jpao lneeop]o( ah `ahac]`k `a aoa l]npe`k( Neck^anpk O]h]v]n Rah]o_k( h]iajp mqa ah l] o oa aj_qajpna ^] ]`k aj o]jcna( `a) ^e`k ] qj ck^eanjk l]jeop] mqa jk d] o]^e`k ck^anj]n* @a ecq]h bkni]( le`e ] oqo _knnahecekj]neko _ann]n Úh]o aj pknjk ]h ck^anj]`kn I]nek =j) cqe]jk Iknajk( Îmqeaj ]h ecq]h mqa Hqeo @kj]h`k ?khkoek( lnkreaja `a h] _qhpqn] `ah aobqanvk( jk `ah lnerehacek( lkn hk p]jpk `a^aiko lanlapq]n h] ln _pe_] `a h] ^qaj] lkh pe_]( h] mqa ]lknp] u jk h] mqa `ere`aÏ* Aj oq klknpqje`]`( ah lnaoe`ajpa `a h] Bqj`]_e j ?khkoek( Anjaopk L]o]n j P]le]( ]Úni mqa ah _neiaj knc]jev]`k d] lania]`k Îh]o aoban]o i o ahar]`]o `ah ajpn]i]`k ok_e]h( u aok jk ao jkni]h( jk `a^aiko ]_alp]nhk( jk lk`aiko oan nadajao `a hko _neiej]haoÏ( `efk* H] _kjiaikn]_e j `ah ]oaoej]pk `a Hqeo @kj]h`k ?khkoek p]i^e j bqa ]lnkra_d]`] lkn hko kn]`knao
CWh_e WfeoW fhefk[ijW Z[ iWbkZ Wb_c[djWh_W o Z[ fhej[YY_ d Y_l_b Fhefed[ YecfWhj_h 7if[Yje Z[ bW ]kWhZ_W Wb WZWb_Z l]n] kbna_anha oq naol]h`k ]h ck^an) j]`kn I]nek =jcqe]jk Iknajk( _kik hk devk ah oa_nap]nek cajan]h `a Ck^eanjk( Fao o Knkv_k =hb]nk( mqeaj oa ]h mqa ah ck^eanjk `a I]nek =jcqe]jk peaja _h]ne`]`( k^faperko u iap]o `aÚje`]o* @aop]_ mqa aj aok aop ajbk_]) `] h] ]`iejeopn]_e j aop]p]h( Îlkn i o mqa qj ]_pkn lkh pe_k mqean] `eopn]an h] ]paj_e j u mqean] `a ]hcqj] i]jan] jk ]^kj]n ] ao] _erehe`]` u ao] _kj_kn`e] mqa mqa) naiko pk`ko hko _kheiajoaoÏ* Nabene mqa Îah ck^anj]`kn I]nek =jcqe]jk oa oeajpa naol]h`]`k( na_kjbknp]`k u ]lku]`k lkn oq l]npe`k( lank p]i^e j lkn h] ok) _ea`]` _kheiajoa( u aok ao hk ei) lknp]jpa( i o ]hh `a `aolh]jpao( `aor]n ko( lnkp]ckjeoiko( _nak mqa hk bqj`]iajp]h ao cajan]n naoqhp]`koÏ*.D
[nf[h_[dY_Wi [djh[ [ijWZei fWhW WokZWh [d YWie Z[ Z[iWijh[ 9eb_cW3D`c\e`f
&
j ah i]n_k `a h] TTTREEE Naqje j Kn`ej]ne] `a h] ?kjbanaj_e] J]_ekj]h `a Ck^anj]`knao $?kj]ck%( ah ck^anj]`kn `ah aop]`k( I]nek =jcqe]jk Iknajk( naol]h` h] lnklqaop] `ah ck^anj]`kn `a Iknahko( I]n_k =jpkjek =`]) ia ?]opehhk( _kkn`ej]`kn `a h] ?kieoe j `a O]hq`( naola_pk ] h] `a_h]n]pkne] l]n] h] o]hq` ]he) iajp]ne] ÎOqi j`koa ] h] aopn]) pace] j]_ekj]h _kjpn] ah ok^nala) ok u h] k^aoe`]`Ï* Aj arajpk _aha^n]`k aj h] _eq) `]` `a Iknahe]( Ie_dk]_ j( ah i]j`]p]nek aop]p]h( naÚne mqa ah ok^nalaok ao qj lnk^hai] `a _]n _pan j]_ekj]h lkn hk mqa oa
lh]jpa] ah ajknia napk `a ik`e) Ú_]n h]o paj`aj_e]o mqa r]j ] h] ]hv] u mqa _khk_]j ] I te_k aj ah oacqj`k hqc]n iqj`e]h ajpna hko l] oao _kj lnk^hai]o aj aopa i^epk* Aj aopa oajpe`k( ah ck^anj]`kn _kheiajoa atlqok mqa na_eajpa) iajpa oa lnaoajp aj ah Aop]`k `a ?khei] h] ÎAopn]pace] aop]p]h _kjpn] h] k^aoe`]` aj ao_qah]o lnei]ne]oÏ( _quk k^faperk ao ]n) pe_qh]n aobqanvko ejpanejopepq) _ekj]hao l]n] ajbnajp]n h]o paj) `aj_e]o aj ah ej_naiajpk `a h] lk^h]_e j mqa peaja lnk^hai]o `a k^aoe`]` u ok^nalaok* ÎAj ?khei] pajaiko lnaoaj) pa aop] cn]ra oepq]_e j u oa d]j na]hev]`k aobqanvko `a pelk lna) rajperk( _kj jb]oeo aj hko je ko mqa oa aj_qajpn]j ajpna hko 3 hko -. ] ko `a a`]`( lkn ahhk naepan]) iko jqaopnk naol]h`k ] aop] pn]o) _aj`ajpa `a_h]n]pkne]Ï( ej`e_ * Aj kpnk kn`aj `a e`a]o( ah pe) pqh]n `ah Afa_qperk aop]p]h ]lku h] lnklqaop] `ah ]jpalnkua_pk l]n] h] jqar] Hau Cajan]h `a
Lnkpa__e j ?ereh( mqa lnklqok ah ck^anj]`kn `a Lqa^h]( I]nek I]n j Pknnao( _kkn`ej]`kn `a h] ?kieoe j `a Lnkpa__e j ?ereh* Aj aopa pajkn( =jcqe]jk Ik) najk lnklqok mqa ]h ejpanekn `a h] ?kj]ck oa _naaj iao]o `a pn]^]fk pai pe_]o l]n] mqa hko aop]`ko _kj na_qnnaj_e] aj `ao]opnao oeieh]nao _kil]np]j atlaneaj_e]o( na]__ekjao u ok) hq_ekjao mqa ]cehe_aj i pk`ko u h] ]lhe_]_e j `a ]__ekjao `a _kh]^kn]_e j p _je_]( lnkba) oekj]h u dqi]jep]ne] ajpna hko aop]`ko* Lkn hpeik( `ap]hh mqa h]o eje_e]per]o `ah ck^anj]`kn `a Lqa^h] _k]`uqr]j ] qj] i]) ukn _kkn`ej]_e j( lh]ja]_e j u afa_q_e j `a ]__ekjao mqa ei) lqho]j h] _qhpqn] `a lnkpa__e j _ereh ajpna ok_ea`]` u ck^eanjk* Î@a^aiko ]lknp]n jqar]o dann]ieajp]o p _je_]o( lnkba) oekj]hao u pa_jkh ce_]o aj h] lnaraj_e j u aj h] ]_pq]_e j aj _]oko `a `ao]opnaoÏ( _kj_hq) u ah i]j`]p]nek* .D
$PMJNB
c_Â&#x192;hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
Cel_c_[dje FefkbWh 9eb_c[di[ fh[i[djÂ&#x152; ieb_Y_jkZ feh [iYh_je W bW 9<;
:_h[Yjeh Z[ EXhWi Z[ BW L_bbW h[ifedZ[ W Yebedei
F_Z[d ^WY[h jhWdifWh[dj[ ÂşFheo[Yje Z[ bW Yebed_W @k|h[p [ij| _dYecfb[jeÂť bW h[YWkZWY_Â&#x152;d feh [b :7F 7H9>?LE
Ikf[h_dj[dZ[dj[
7H9>?LE
>WX_jWdj[i f_Z[d
gk[ [b \hWYY_edWc_[dje i[W _dYbkÂ&#x2021;Ze Z[djhe Z[ bW cWdY^W khXWdW
Z[ bW fWhW[ijWjWb i[ Yecfhec[j[ W ZWh bW _d\ehcWY_Â&#x152;d h[gk[h_ZW
9eb_cW38c\o :XiYXaXc 9\iY\i 9eb_cW3D`c\e`f
6
&
h Ikreieajpk Lklqh]n ?kheiajoa( ] pn]rÂ&#x160;o `a oq _kkn`ej]`kn( =`khbk JÂ&#x2DC;Â&#x2019;av CkjvÂ&#x192;hav( ajpnacÂ&#x201C; lkn ao_nepk qj] okhe_epq` ]h oqlanejpaj`ajpa `a h] vkj] ?khei] `a h] ?kieoeÂ&#x201C;j Ba) `an]h `a Aha_pne_e`]` $?BA%( @]re` Hq_]o Aomqerah( l]n] mqa ejbknia h] _]jpe`]` `a `ejank mqa oa na_]q`] u oa pn]joĂ&#x161;ana ] hko ]uqjp]ieaj) pko lkn _kj_alpk `ah @ana_dk `a =hqi^n]`k LÂ&#x2DC;^he_k $@=L%( u _qÂ&#x192;j) pk b]_pqn] ] hko iqje_eleko lkn ah ieoik _kj_alpk* Aj qj `k_qiajpk ajpnac]`k `a i]jan] lanokj]h ]h bqj_ekj]nek `a h] ?BA( lkn _kj`q_pk `a =`khbk JÂ&#x2DC;Â&#x2019;av( oa le`a p]i^eÂ&#x160;j mqa h] l]n]aop]p]h lnklkn_ekja h] ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j naba) najpa ]h bqj`]iajpk hac]h lkn ah _q]h h] ?BA _k^n] ah _kj_alpk `ah @=L( mqa ]l]na_a aj hko na_e^ko `a hqv aj hko iqje_eleko `a ?khei]( Rehh] `a ĂŁhr]nav( ?ki]h]( ?kmqe) i]phÂ&#x192;j( ?q]qdpÂ&#x160;ik_( Pa_kiÂ&#x192;j( =nianÂ&#x17D;]( Etph]dq]_Â&#x192;j( Iej]pephÂ&#x192;j u I]jv]jehhk* Aj aola_Â&#x17D;Ă&#x161;_k( ah IL? le`a oa ejbknia ok^na h] _]jpe`]` `a `eja)
;b _cfk[ije i[ ikcW Wb YeXhe Z[ [d[h]Â&#x2021;W [bÂ&#x192;Yjh_YW" gk[ [i kd '& Z[b h[Y_Xe nk mqa na_]q`Â&#x201C; k ejcnaoÂ&#x201C; ] h] ?BA lkn _kj_alpk `ah @=L aj hko `eav iqje_eleko `a h] ajpe`]` `qn]jpa hko ]Â&#x2019;ko .,,3( .,,4 u .,,5( p]jpk aj vkj]o nqn]hao _kik qn^]j]o* =oeieoik( okhe_ep] ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j ok^na h] _]jpe`]` `a `ejank mqa h] ?BA _k^nÂ&#x201C; k b]_pqnÂ&#x201C; ] _]`] qj] `a h]o _kiqj]o lkn _kj_alpk `a oqiejeopnk `a ajancÂ&#x17D;] ahÂ&#x160;_pne_] `qn]jpa hko ieoiko pnao ]Â&#x2019;ko ]jpao iaj_ekj]`ko* P]i^eÂ&#x160;j oa le`a ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j ok^na h] _]jpe`]` `a `ejank mqa h] _kieoeÂ&#x201C;j `arkhreÂ&#x201C; ] hko `eav
]uqjp]ieajpko lkn _kj_alpk `a na_]q`]_eÂ&#x201C;j `ah @=L( `qn]j) pa hko ieoiko pnao ]Â&#x2019;ko _ep]`ko* Ecq]hiajpa( ah IL? okhe_epÂ&#x201C; ] h] ?BA qj] _kle] `ah _kjrajek mqa aop] l]n]aop]p]h Ă&#x161;niÂ&#x201C; _kj hko `eav ]uqjp]ieajpko `ah aop]`k( aj hko ]Â&#x2019;ko u] iaj_ekj]`ko( aj ah mqa oa ha ]qpknev] ] h] ?BA _k^n]n k na_]q`]n lkn _qajp] `a hko iq) je_eleko ah @=L* ?]^a oaÂ&#x2019;]h]n mqa ah oqlanejpaj) `ajpa `a h] ?BA( @]re` Hq_]o( oa _kilnkiapeÂ&#x201C; ] naolkj`an( lkn ao) _nepk( aj hko lnÂ&#x201C;teiko `Â&#x17D;]o*.D
;b j_jkbWh Z[b _dij_jkje Z_`e gk[ [b b[]_ibWZeh dkdYW i[ fh[i[djÂ&#x152; W f[Z_hbW
?l[Yeb d_[]W ^WX[hi[ h[^kiWZe W ZWh _d\ehcWY_Â&#x152;d W C_bjed Z[ 7blW 9eb_cW3D`c\e`f
&
h Ejopepqpk `a Rereaj`] `ah Aop]`k `a ?khei] $Era_kh% jk jeac] h] ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j ] j]`ea u oa ]peaj`a _kj lnkjpepq` _q]hmqean lape_eÂ&#x201C;j( ]oacqnÂ&#x201C; ah pepq) h]n `ah knc]jeoik( FkoÂ&#x160; Bn]j_eo_k Ner]o R]haj_e]( ]h lqjpq]hev]n mqa Ă&#x17D;] pk`] lanokj] mqa ]_q`a ] h]o kbe_ej]o ] okhe_ep]n ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j ok^na hko lnkcn]i]o `ah ejopepqpk oa ha lnklkn_ekj] hk iÂ&#x192;o lnkjpk lkoe^ha( u _kj i]ukn n]vÂ&#x201C;j oe ao qj haceoh]`knĂ?( lank ]_h]nÂ&#x201C; mqa aj ah _]ok `ah `elqp]`k hk_]h lneeop] Iehpkj `a =hr]( Â&#x160;opa aj jejcÂ&#x2DC;j ikiajpk oa lnaoajpÂ&#x201C;( je hh]iÂ&#x201C; lkn pahÂ&#x160;bkjk( je ajpna) cÂ&#x201C; lkn ao_nepk ]h Era_kh ]hcqj] okhe_epq`* Ner]o R]haj_e] `efk mqa d]_a qjko `Â&#x17D;]o oa ajpanÂ&#x201C; mqa ah `e) lqp]`k hk_]h d]^Â&#x17D;] ajre]`k ]h ck^anj]`kn I]nek =jcqe]jk qj ao_nepk okhe_ep]j`k ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j bÂ&#x17D;oe_] u aha_pnÂ&#x201C;je_] nah]_ekj]`] ]h Era_kh( i]jebaopÂ&#x192;j`kha ]h Afa) _qperk aop]p]h mqa _kik lnaoe) `ajpa `a h] ?kieoeÂ&#x201C;j `a @ebqoeÂ&#x201C;j u A`e_ekjao Haceoh]per]o peaja ah
i]n_]`k ejpanÂ&#x160;o `a `ebqj`en hko naoqhp]`ko* Ah pepqh]n `ah ejopepqpk atlhe) _Â&#x201C; mqa ah kbe_ek ajre]`k lkn ah `elqp]`k hk_]h u] ha bqa pqnj]`k l]n] oq r]hkn]_eÂ&#x201C;j u ]paj_eÂ&#x201C;j( hk mqa oa aopÂ&#x192; d]_eaj`k ] l]npen `a mqa oa na_e^eÂ&#x201C; ah pqnjk( Ă&#x17D;lank oe ah `elqp]`k Iehpkj oa _nqv] h] _]hha u hk le`a ]mqÂ&#x17D;( `kj`a jk pajaiko( lkn oqlqaopk( jejcqj] k^fa_eÂ&#x201C;j ] ]paj`anhk u oqiejeo) pn]nha h] ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j mqa le`a( mqa ]`aiÂ&#x192;o ao lÂ&#x2DC;^he_] u aopÂ&#x192; ]h ]h_]j_a `a pk`k ah mqa h] mqean] _kjoqhp]n( u] h] paj`nÂ&#x17D;]Ă?* Ă&#x17D;=dkn] paj`naiko mqa naolap]n hko _]j]hao `a ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j u oe hk le`eÂ&#x201C; ]h ck^anj]`kn( jkokpnko oa hk ajre]iko l]n] mqa oa] Â&#x160;h ieoik mqeaj hk nareoa u ajpnacqa ]h haceoh]`kn( ] bej `a arep]n mqa lkopanekniajpa oa lq`ean] `a_en( _kik oa ]beni] dku `ah Era_kh( mqa jk _qilheÂ&#x201C;( u _naaiko mqa dq^ean] oe`k iÂ&#x192;o bÂ&#x192;_eh oe hk dq) ^ean] la`e`k `a i]jan] `ena_p]Ă?( oaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C; ah bqj_ekj]nek* Aj oacqe`]( ]cnacÂ&#x201C;6 Ă&#x17D;Ia l]) na_a atpn]Â&#x2019;k aopa l]lahak( oe ah `elqp]`k o]^a mqa ajpna oqo
]pne^q_ekjao _kik haceoh]`kn peaja h] b]_qhp]` `a la`en `a i]jan] `ena_p] h] ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j mqa namqean]( u iÂ&#x192;o ]Â&#x2DC;j( ao n]nk mqa oe ah ejopepqpk oa q^e_] ] 1, iapnko `ah ?kjcnaok( jk d]u] raje`k lanokj]hiajpa k ajre]`k ] ]hcqeaj lkn h] ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j( u lnabeneÂ&#x201C; aj hqc]n `a h] rÂ&#x17D;] _knp]( la`enhk lkn ]hhÂ&#x192;( lank u] hk r]iko ] ]paj`anĂ?* Lkn Â&#x2DC;hpeik( FkoÂ&#x160; Ner]o ajb]) pevÂ&#x201C;6 Ă&#x17D;Mqeank lajo]n mqa jk oa pn]p]( _kik aj ah _]ok `a kpnko haceoh]`knao( mqa hk mqa iqara oq ejpanÂ&#x160;o iÂ&#x192;o ]hhÂ&#x192; `ah _kilnk) ieok _kj h] lk^h]_eÂ&#x201C;j ao ah lnk) p]ckjeoik u lkoe_ekj]ieajpk ia`eÂ&#x192;pe_k( lank h] na]he`]` ao mqa ia l]na_a l]n]`Â&#x201C;fe_k mqa aj ah kbe_ek mqa ah iao l]o]`k ajreÂ&#x201C; ]h ck^anj]`kn( jk i]n_] _kle] ]h Era_kh( lank oÂ&#x17D; ]h oa_na) p]nek Cajan]h `a Ck^eanjk( ]h oa_nap]nek `a @ao]nnkhhk Qn^]) jk u ]h `elqp]`k _kkn`ej]`kn `a h] bn]__eÂ&#x201C;j `ah L=J7 jk oÂ&#x160; oe ] hko laneÂ&#x201C;`e_ko p]i^eÂ&#x160;j ajreÂ&#x201C; _kle]( lank ]mqÂ&#x17D; jk( u lkn aok jko ajpan]iko aj ba_d] na_eajpa `a oq lape_eÂ&#x201C;jĂ?*.D
j `Â&#x17D;] `aolqÂ&#x160;o `a mqa lanokj]o ]_kil]Â&#x2019;]`]o lkn `enecaj) pao `ah L]npe`k `ah Pn]^]fk $LP%( `enece`ko lkn Ceh^anpk L]`ehh]( oa i]jebaop]n]j aj h]o ]bqan]o `a h] lnaoe`aj_e] `a Rehh] `a ĂŁhr]nav l]n] atecen mqa jk oa oecqean] Ă&#x17D;na) pn]o]j`kĂ? ah lnk_aok `a ej_knlk) n]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a h] _khkje] >ajepk FqÂ&#x192;nav ] h] i]j_d] qn^]j]( ah `ena_pkn `a @ao]nnkhhk Qn^]jk u K^n]o LÂ&#x2DC;^he_]o `a aopa iqje_elek( Kos]h`k OkhÂ&#x17D;o( ]oacqnÂ&#x201C; mqa jk d]u ran]_e`]` aj aop] ]oaran]_eÂ&#x201C;j( lqao ah lnkua_pk peaja iq_d]o _]naj_e]o u `a^a oan _kilhap]`k( u] mqa aj aopa lnk_aok jk oa d]_aj at_al_ekjao* OkhÂ&#x17D;o ?]nehhk i]jebaopÂ&#x201C; mqa laoa ] h]o `ai]j`]o `a aopko _eq`]`]jko( oq `ena__eÂ&#x201C;j na_e^eÂ&#x201C; ah lnkua_pk u h] naolqaop] bqa mqa lkn ah ikiaj) pk jk d]u b]_pe^ehe`]` `a ]ilhe]n h] vkj] `a naoanr]( lqao pk`]rÂ&#x17D;] d]u pannajko aj naoanr] qn^]j] ] _knpk( ia`e]jk u h]nck lh]vk* Ă&#x17D;Qj] `a h]o n]vkjao lkn h]o mqa jk lnk_a`eÂ&#x201C; aop] lape_eÂ&#x201C;j ao mqa aj h] ]_pq]he`]` jk d]u b]hp] `a naoanr]o `a i]j_d] qn^]j]( u] mqa ah lh]j `a `ao]nnkhhk `e_p] lkn `Â&#x201C;j`a `a^a oan ah _na_eieajpk `ah iqje_elek( u aj aop] vkj] pk`]rÂ&#x17D;] d]u naoanr]o ] _knpk( ia`e]jk u h]nck lh]vkĂ?( `efk FaoÂ&#x2DC;o Kos]h`k* =`aiÂ&#x192;o( ]Ă&#x161;niÂ&#x201C; mqa bqa nacnao]) `k ah lh]j ] oqo lnkikpknao( ]h ran mqa ha d]_Â&#x17D;]j b]hp] r]neko ]ola_pko
;b h[YbWce i[ [\[YjkÂ&#x152; [d bW fh[i_Z[dY_W eilknp]jpao( _kik h] b]_pe^ehe`]` na]h `a aopa lnkua_pk a ej_hqok h] Ă&#x161;ni] `a qj lanepk aola_e]hev]`k( mqa ao qj namqeoepk iqu eilknp]jpa* Lkn hk p]jpk( h] naolqaop] ] Iecqah ĂŁjcah V]ikn] L]nn]( lnkikpkn `a aopa lnkua_pk( Ă&#x17D;bqa ah ej`e_]nha mqÂ&#x160; ]ola_pko ha d]_aj b]hp] ] oq lnkua_pk( ]jpao `a lnaoajp]nhk ] h] ?kieoeÂ&#x201C;j `a @ao]nnkhhk Qn^]jkĂ?* U ao mqa `aolqÂ&#x160;o `a mqa oa lnaoajpaj hko namqaneieajpko _kilhapko ] `e) _d] ?kieoeÂ&#x201C;j( ah lnkua_pk lk`nÂ&#x17D;] oan ]lnk^]`k( d]op] aoa ikiajpk oa l]o]nÂ&#x17D;] ]h Â&#x2DC;hpeik Ă&#x161;hpnk( h] Oa_nap]nÂ&#x17D;] `a @ao]nnkhhk Qn^]jk `ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h( mqeaj jk k^op]jpa lk`nÂ&#x17D;] jk ]lnk^]n `e_dk lnkua_pk* =`aiÂ&#x192;o( Kos]h`k OkhÂ&#x17D;o oaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C; mqa h] i]n_d] ao qj] aopn]pace] `a lnaoeÂ&#x201C;j( lqao ahhko nacnao]nkj ah kĂ&#x161;_ek ]h lnkikpkn `a aop] _khkje] ah `Â&#x17D;] . `a i]nvk( oaÂ&#x2019;]h]j`k mqÂ&#x160; namqeoepko ha d]_aj b]hp] ] oq lnkua_pk( u ah `k) _qiajpk bqa Ă&#x161;ni]`k `a na_e^e`k lkn Cqehhanik L]`ehh]( mqeaj aj_]^avÂ&#x201C; aop] ]`iejeopn]_eÂ&#x201C;j* .&
I[ h[Wb_pWh| Z[b )' Z[ cWoe Wb '+ Z[ `kd_e
I[ YeehZ_dWh|d fWhW ^WY[h Y[die Z[b ?d[]_ [d BW L_bbW 9eb_cW38:9
-
] lnaoe`ajp] iqje_el]h `a Rehh] `a ĂŁhr]nav( >naj`] CqpeÂ&#x160;nnav Rac]( oa naqjeÂ&#x201C; ]uan i]npao _kj ah _kkn`ej]`kn aop]p]h `ah Ejopepqpk J]_ekj]h `a Aop]`Â&#x17D;ope_] u Cakcn]bÂ&#x17D;] $Ejace%( K_p]) rek Cn]fa`] CqviÂ&#x192;j( ]oÂ&#x17D; _kik _kj hko nace`knao rehh]hr]najoao F]eia DanjÂ&#x192;j`av N]iko u FkoÂ&#x160; =hbna`k R]haj_e] Lkh]j_k( l]n] ]_kn`]n ]_) _ekjao _kjfqjp]o l]n] ah ?ajok `a Lk^h]_eÂ&#x201C;j u Rereaj`] .,-,( mqa oa na]hev]nÂ&#x192; `ah /- `a i]uk ]h .1 `a fqjek `a aopa ]Â&#x2019;k* @e_d] naqjeÂ&#x201C;j bqa _kj ah k^fa) perk `a iafkn]n h] _kkn`ej]_eÂ&#x201C;j ajpna ]qpkne`]`ao( Ă&#x17D;_kj ah Ă&#x161;j `a ]_pq]hev]n ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j ok^na ah jÂ&#x2DC;iank `a d]^ep]jpao( oqo _]) n]_panÂ&#x17D;ope_]o ok_eka_kjÂ&#x201C;ie_]o u h] `eopne^q_eÂ&#x201C;j pannepkne]hĂ?( `efk h] ]h_]h`ao] `aolqÂ&#x160;o `a _kj_hqe`] aop] naqjeÂ&#x201C;j*
=`aiÂ&#x192;o( >naj`] CqpeÂ&#x160;nnav at) lhe_Â&#x201C; mqa oanÂ&#x192; iqu eilknp]jpa h] l]npe_el]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a hko _eq`]`]jko( u] mqa ateopa ah _kilnkieok `a oacqen _kkn`ejÂ&#x192;j`koa _kj ah Eja) ce( `a ]_qan`k _kj h]o hÂ&#x17D;ja]o `a ]__eÂ&#x201C;j mqa oa ]_kn`]nkj ]h lnej) _elek `a h] ]_pq]h ]`iejeopn]_eÂ&#x201C;j iqje_el]h* Aj aopa ]_qan`k( ah =uqjp]ieaj) pk oa _kilnkiapa ] qj] _]il]Â&#x2019;] `a `ebqoeÂ&#x201C;j u _kjrk_]pkne] ] hko rehh]hr]najoao( l]n] _kh]^kn]n _kj ah Ejace( oej khre`]n `]nha `ebq) oeÂ&#x201C;j ]h lnkua_pk aj h] lÂ&#x192;cej] sa^ `ah iqje_elek( `kj`a ateopa qj hejg lani]jajpa mqa b]_ehep] h] ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j _kj hko _eq`]`]jko mqa ejcnao]j `ena_p]iajpa ] aopa oepek sa^* Aj `e_d] naqjeÂ&#x201C;j p]i^eÂ&#x160;j aopqrk lnaoajpa AhÂ&#x17D;]o Cqannank Pnkj_kok( ajh]_a `a vkj] `a _kj) _anp]_eÂ&#x201C;j u `ebqoeÂ&#x201C;j `ah ?ajok .,-, `a Ejace* .&
D@C<E@F
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
7o[h \k[ bW fh_c[hW \[h_W Z[b [cfb[e [d 9eb_cW
;d [b [ijWZe de ^Wo ikÅY_[dj[ [cfb[e J7F?HE
I[Yjeh fheZkYj_le beYWb i[ l[ h[XWiWZe feh [b d c[he Z[ fhe\[i_ed_ijWi 9eb_cW3@mfee\ 9XiXaXj
&
h oa_pkn lnk`q_perk aj ?khei] jk kbanp] h]o lh]v]o oqÚ_eajpao l]n] ]paj`an ]h j iank `a lnkbaoekjeop]o acnao]`ko `a ejca) jean ]o k he_aj_e]pqn]o* Ah 51! `a hko jack_eko okj ie_nko k ia`e]jko u namqeanaj( aj oq i]ukn ]( lanokj]h mqa _kh]^kna _kj i]jk `a k^n]( na_kjk_e @]jeah Nk`n cqav Dannan]( `ahac]`k `ah pn]^]fk*
ÎPajaiko qj] iqu ^qaj] ao) pnq_pqn] `a bkni]_e j a`q_]per] lank ah oa_pkn lnk`q_perk jk kbanp] qj cn]j j iank `a lh]v]o l]n] lnkbaoekjeop]oÏ( lqjpq]hev * =uan oa _aha^n Ìlkn lneian] rav aj hk mqa r] `ah ] k( h] Bane] Aop]p]h `ah Ailahk* Aj pkp]h /1 ailnao]o kbna_eankj 1,, ailhako ] pn]r o `a qj arajpk mqa oa _aha^n aj ejop]h]_ekjao `a h] ]jpecq] _ajpn]h _]iekjan]
`a ?khei]* Hko naoqhp]`ko `a aopa arajpk lk`n j ar]hq]noa aj qj] oai]j]( `aolq o `a mqa h]o ailna) o]o d]u]j na]hev]`k bkni]hiajpa h]o ajpnareop]o `a pn]^]fk u pkiaj qj] `a_eoe j Új]h* @aop]_ mqa aj aop] bane] Ì]`a) i o `a kbanp]noa pn]^]fk _kik _kjopnq_pkn k ailha]`k `a ikopn]) `knÍoa kbna_eankj lqaopko `ena_) perko* Heranlkkh( ?IE?( >kj]bkjp( ajpna kpn]o( bqankj ]hcqj]o `a h]o ailnao]o mqa oa qjeankj ] aop] bane] aop]p]h `ah ailhak u( `qn]jpa pk`k ah ` ]( `eankj ejbkni]_e j `ah lanÚh `ah ejpanao]`k l]n] k_ql]n `apaniej]`k _]nck* @]jeah Nk`n cqav Dannan] d]^h `a h] oepq]_e j ]_pq]h `ah ailhak aj ?khei]6 ?ann]nkj ah ] k _kj 52 ieh 432 pn]^]f]`knao naceopn]`ko ]jpa ah Ejopepqpk Iate_]jk `ah Oa) cqnk Ok_e]h $EIOO%( lank aj ajank oa naceopn qj] _] `] `a 353 ai) lhako( naoqhp]j`k ailha]`]o 52 ieh ,35 lanokj]o* =h d]_an ah _eanna ah iao `a ba^nank oa lan_e^e qj ]hv] `a .35 ailhako7 ]qjmqa h] _ebn] ] j jk oa ecq]h] _kj h] `ah ] k l]o]`k _kjoe`an]j mqa hko ailhako oan j _na_eajpao aj hko ln teiko iaoao* ÎJko aolan]j `ebanajpao lnk) ua_pko6 nac]oeÚ_]`kn]( c]ok`q_pk( ]ilhe]_e j `ah lqanpk `a I]jv]) jehhk( i]jpajeieajpk `a _]nnapan]o u _kjopnq__e j `a rereaj`]( aj ah aop]`k oa `apkj]n ah ailhak u paj`naiko qj iafkn naoqhp]`k aj aopa ] k( oej `q`]Ï( _kjÚ @]jeah Nk`n cqav*.D
$PMJNB
CW WdW [d [b j[Wjhe Z[ 9WiW Z[ bW 9kbjkhW
BW [cfh[iW ?Z[Waj_lW ZW W YedeY[h \ehe fWhW b Z[h[i 9eb_cW38c\o :XiYXaXc 9\iY\i
-
] ailnao] `a aopn]pace]( _kiqje_]_e j u i]ngapejc E`a]gper] lnaoajp hk mqa oan ah Lneian Bknk `a Lanokj]o `a tepk( aj `kj`a lkn aop] k_]) oe j aop]n j `alknpeop]o atpnaiko _kheiajoao `a cn]j lnkua__e j j]_ekj]h a ejpanj]_ekj]h( ]`ai o aj ah arajpk oa lnaoajp]n qj] k^n] `a pa]pnk( pepqh]`] ÎO]^kn ] Bnaq`Ï* @e_d] lnaoajp]_e j oan i] ]j] fqarao ] h]o -26,, dkn]o( _kj oa`a aj ah Pa]pnk `a ?]o] `a h] ?qhpqn]( aop]n j lnaoajpao hko `alknpeop]o O]jpe]ck >]av]( _]ila j iqj`e]h `a l]n]lajpa7 Cekn`]jk =u]h]( p]i^e j l]n]lajpeop]7 ah ]hlejeop] _kheiajoa Fq]j ?]nhko C]reh]jao u ah lehkpk `a ikpk_nkoo( r]ne]o ra_ao _]ila j j]_ekj]h( I]np j C]n_ ]* Lkopanekniajpa( ] h]o .,6/, dkn]o( oa lnaoajp]n qj] k^n] `a pa]pnk _kj ]_pknao `a Cq]`]h]f]n]( `ajkiej]`] ÎO]^kn ] Bnaq`Ï( aj `kj`a ]_p ]j I]qne_ek ?a`a k u Ran Sehokj( qj] lqaop] aj ao) _aj] mqa `eneca A`q]n`k Rehh]h) l]j`k( _kj cqe j `a Fko L]^hk Baeji]jj*
=ne^ j Bhknao( `ena_pkn caja) n]h `a E`a]gper]( ]oacqn mqa lkn oan qj] ailnao] -,, lkn _eajpk _kheiajoa peaja h] ejpaj_e j `a _kjpne^qen ] d]_an qj iafkn ?khei]( u lkn aok `a_e`eankj knc]jev]n aopa pelk `a bknko( mqa aop j lnareo) pko ] na]hev]noa _]`] pnao iaoao7 nao]hp mqa r] ] r]ne]n ah pelk `a ejrep]`ko( u] mqa aj kpn]o ba_d]o aop]n j lnaoajpao lanokj]fao `ah iqj`k _qhpqn]h( `a h] lkh pe_] u `a `ai o i^epko* Aj p]jpk( D _pkn Ikjpao( `ena_) pkn `a _kiqje_]_e j `a E`a]gper]( atlnao mqa aopa bknk ao l]n] ao) pq`e]jpao `a ^]_dehhan]pk( lnej_e) l]hiajpa( lkn hk mqa ]_q`eankj ] pk`]o h]o ejopepq_ekjao a`q_]per]o( `kj`a hko `ena_pknao u _kkn`ej]) `knao aheceankj ] 0, aopq`e]jpao l]n] ]_q`en ] aopa bknk* D]^n qj _qlk pkp]h `a ]hna`a) `kn `a 1,, lanokj]o( _kj ajpn]`] cn]pqep]( u ]cn]`a_aj ] h] Oa_nap]n ] `a ?qhpqn] lkn laniepen ah qok `ah pa]pnk `a ?]o] `a h] ?qhpqn]( lqao ao qj eilknp]jpa ao_aj]nek( ]`ai o `a mqa ao `a h]o lk_]o ejopepq_ekjao l ^he_]o mqa( lkn ah ikiajpk( d]j ]lknp]`k ]lk) uko l]n] aopa arajpk `a he`an]vck aopq`e]jpeh* .D
"DFOUPT
PQJOJuO
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
?DC;:?79?ED;I L Yjeh CWdk[b 9|hZ[dWi 9eb_cW
&M IPNCSF NfT SJDP EFM NVOEP
$=jpao( qj penk ]h ^h]j_k6 Mqeajao ah o ^]) `k l]o]`k ]oeopeiko ] h] bqj_e j aj h] o]h] `a atlaneiajp]_e j pa]pn]h na_eajpaiajpa ^]qpev]`] Aiehek ?]n^]hhe`k( l]`a_eiko ah ail]hia `a qj `aobeha `a ik`]o( ] pk`k hk ]hpk `a h] i oe_] `eo_k( aj h] atlh]j]`] `a h] ?]o] `a h] ?qhpqn]* Qj] `a `ko6 k mqeajao lnkcn]i]j jk peajaj naolapk lkn h]o l]o]nah]o )¼lkn mq jk na]hev]nh]o( lkn afailhk( aj qj] lh]v]( hqc]n i o ej`e_]`k l]n] pajan i]ukn ]bhqaj_e];) k lk_k hao eilknp]j ah pa]pnk u oq l ^he_k* Qopa` ahef]* Lkn ie l]npa( qj] bahe_ep]_e j lkn ah lnkbaoekj]heoik `ah ]_pkn ?dneope]j N]jcah7 oqlan ah ai^]pa u jko _kj_ajpn ] lao]n `a hko cn]rao `eopn]_pknaoÅ Oe qopa`( ha_pkn( jk d] reopk hko ikj hkcko `a hko _q]pnkiehlanko( oa d] lan`e`k ]hck `a hk iafkn `ah pa]pnk aj ?khei]%
&
h eilkjajpa pa]pnk >anhejan Ajo) ai^ha `a Haelvec( =hai]je]( bqa ah ao_aj]nek `kj`a na_eajpaiajpa oa lnaoajp ah he^nk C jpan Cn]oo aj h] ien]6 hko ejbkniao `a h] Op]oe( ejraopec]_e j `kj`a oa `k_qiajp] h] lkniajknev]`] lanoa_q_e j `a h] lkhe_ ] oa_nap] _kiqjeop] aj _kjpn] `ah ]qpkn `a Ah p]i^kn `a dkf]h]p]( qj] `a h]o _qi^nao i o ]hp]o `a h] j]nn]per] cani]j]* Jk oa ja_aoep] oan qj `k_pk l]n] _kilnaj`an mqa pk`k n ceiaj pkp]hep]nek cq]n`] qj] _kjpn]`e__e j atpn] lkn ah da_dk `a _kj) bqj`en h] re`] lner]`] _kj h] l ^he_]( ok^na pk`k _q]j`k `ao`a _kj_al_ekjao lner]`]o
7KJEDECÑ7 H;B7J?L7
7 ,& W ei Z[ Z_ijWdY_W j[d[cei cWoeh YbWh_ZWZ ieXh[ be gk[ h[fh[i[djWhed IjWb_d e >_jb[h" f[he W d dei [i Z_\ Y_b [b Yecfh[dZ[h bW f[b_]hei_ZWZ #i " [iYh_X f[ b_ ]he i_ ZWZ# Z[ f[hiedW`[i jWb[i Yece @e^d <$ A[dd[Zo e @kWd FWXbe ??
CWb ^WY[cei @kWd ?]dWY_e PWlWbW i_ Z[`Wcei bW h[ifediW# X_b_ZWZ YecfWhj_ZW [d [b |cX_je Z[ bei WYk[hZei be]hWZei [djh[ bei ] reoep] `ah amqelk `a lneian jerah ]eX_[hdei `ah ck^eanjk jknpa]iane_]jk ] jqaopnk l] o ao qj] iqaopn] Z[ WcXei _h]n] `a mqa ah _ki^]pa ]h _neiaj fW i[i$ ;b knc]jev]`k ao qj] naolkjo]^ehe) B[]_ibWj_le `]` _kil]npe`]* H] lnak_ql]_e j atpanj]`] c[n_YWde lkn h]o ]qpkne`]`ao aop]`qje`ajoao( hqack j_[d[ `a hko _n iajao `a lanokj]o rej_qh]`]o ] oq _kjoqh]`k aj ?eq`]` Fq nav( d] e`k h[ifediW# i o ]hh `a qj] `a_h]n]_e j k iqaopn]o X_b_ZWZ[i o `a _kjopanj]_e j u nalnk^]_e j* bei ]eX_[hdei Oe ^eaj ao _eanpk mqa hko ^nkpao `a rekhaj_e] [ijWjWb[i o oa d]j `]`k `a aopa h]`k `a h] bnkjpan]( jk ckd_Y_fWb[i ao `ao_]np]^ha mqa ah ]oqjpk aj _q]hmqean jWcX_ d ikiajpk l]oa l]n] ah jknpa* Aopk peaja
3FTQPOTBCJMJEBE DPNQBSUJEB
-
oajpe`k lkn hko ejbkniao `a mqa h] ^]j`] `a Hko =vpa_]o peaja qj j iank oecjeÚ _]perk `a ieai^nko aj h] _eq`]` `a Ah L]ok* Ah _kjpn]^]j`k `a ]ni]o `a Aop]`ko Qje`ko
oa lnapaj`a eilkjan ] kpnko h]o reoekjao l]npe_qh]nao* = oa) oajp] ] ko `a `eop]j) _e] pajaiko i]ukn _h]ne`]` ok^na hk mqa nalnaoajp]nkj Op]) hej k Dephan $ah he^nk ok^na C jpan Cn]oo u qj] lah _qh] Ìat) _ahajpa( lkn _eanpk) _kik H] re`] `a hko kpnko( okj afailhko jkp]^hao% lank ] j jko ao `eb _eh ah _ki) lnaj`an h] lahecnk) oe`]` )o ( ao_ne^ la he cnk oe `]`) `a lan) okj]fao p]hao _kik Fkdj B* Gajja`u k Fq]j L]^hk EE* P]i] ] danaf ] `a^k atlhe_]nh] `a ej) ia`e]pk* Jk lnapaj`k `aopnqen oq c]j]) `] ei]caj `a ^kj`]`( lank o atlkjan mqa _kj aoa i]jpk _q^neankj ]hcqj]o ]_pepq`ao jk iqu o]jp]o mqa `ec]iko6 h] _kjokhe`]_e j `a hko ejpanaoao jknpa) ]iane_]jko aj ah iqj`k Ì]o jko bqa _kj Gajja`u aj Reapj]i k aj =i ne_] H]pej] u Ah ?]ne^a) u h] ej`eolkoe_e j b nna] `ah hh]i]`k ÎL]l] ^qajkÏ aj _kjpn] `a h] lh]ja]_e j b]iehe]n( hko `ana_dko `a h]o iqfanao u `a h] he^anp]` oatq]h* $U j paoa mqa jk d]^h `a h] lnkpa__e j u ]qca `a Hko Hacekj]neko `a ?neopk _kik lqjp] `ah e_a^anc `a h] la`an]ope] _hane_]h( _kn]v j `a aolh j`e`ko jack_eko% ?kj oq ]_kopqi^n]`] hq_e`av( ah Lnaiek Jk^ah `a Hepan]pqn] -555( i o mqa nabanenoa ] h] receh]j_e] a ejpnkieoekjao mqa l]`a_e lkn l]npa `a h] lkhe_ ] oa_nap] `qn]jpa _]oe pnaejp] ] ko( iejeiev hko da_dko lkn _kj) oe`an]nhko qj] ejranoe j _]n]( `aomqe_e]jpa( lank ]h bej u ]h _]^k Ìl]n] h) oqlanbhq]( iqaopn] ejamq rk_] `a hko `ar]jako `ah lk`an* Lnabene ]lnkra_d]n ] oq ]q`epknek l]n] d]^h]n `a pai]o i o eilknp]jpao( _kik hk bqa ah nabhatekj]n ok^na h] bn]ce) he`]` mqa neca aj h]o ok_ea`]`ao ]_pq]hao* L]h]^n]o i o( l]h]^n]o iajko( ]beni 6 H] ]iaj]v] ]_pq]h jk ao ah _kiqjeoik oejk h] `aik_n]_e]( lqao aop] oa na`q_a aj h] ln _pe_] ]h hk^^uoik $hko _]^eh`ako( hko ]_qan`ko ] ko_qn]o% _kik l]npa `a h] lqcj] _ebn]`]
lkn hko ejpanaoao a_kj ie_ko u _kian_e]hao* Hko `eobn]_ao `a h] `aik_n]_e] okj _]`] ` ] i o aj`a^hao* ?kik oe lnapaj`ean] ah]^kn]n qj napn]pk d]^h]`k `a jqaopnk l] o( C jpan Cn]oo jko `abeje `a _qanlk ajpank6 H] bn]cehe`]` ]_) pq]h `a h]o ok_ea`]`ao k__e`ajp]hao aopne^] lna_eo]iajpa aj hko ]_qan`ko atpn]hac]hao aba_pq]`ko ajpna _ lqh]o l]npe`eop]o( ejjki) ^n]^hao ^qbapao `a ei]caj k _kil] ]o u lanokjanko `a`e_]`ko ] _]^eh`a]n ajpna hko lk`anao b _pe_ko6 ah iqj`k `a h]o bej]jv]o chk^]hev]jpao* Ieajpn]o aok oq_a`a( ieajpn]o h] nemqav] oa _kj_ajpn] aj qj]o _q]jp]o b]iehe]o( ieajpn]o ah `aoailhak u h] lk^nav] _na_aj( ieajpn]o hko eilqaopko oa na`k^h]j l]n] hko _]qperko( ieajpn]o h] Echaoe] nacnao] lkn oqo bqanko( ieajpn]o hko lkh pe_ko oa ajnemqa_aj( ]_qan) `]j u `annk_d]j( ieajpn]o hko aha_pknao oa _kjbqj`aj u hko hk_qpknao oa pn]jobkni]j aj h `anao `a kleje j( ieajpn]o pk`k aok l]o]( ]hcqeaj oa lkja ] pn]^]f]n a ejreanpa( _kiln] aopk u ]mqahhk( pen] h ja]Å U l]n] jqaopnk kncqhhk aomqevkbn je_k ]heiajp]`k lkn ah jqark `eko hh]i]`k tepk( u] ao( qj iate) _]jk( ah dki^na i o ne_k `ah iqj`k* Iq_d] n]v j ha ]oeopa ] C jpan Cn]oo6 Aj I te_k rereiko hk mqa rereiko lkn jqaopn] bn]cehe`]` `aik_n pe_] u ah ]lqjp]h]ieajpk `a qj]o _q]jp]o bknpqj]o* $U na_kn`aiko mqa d]op] ah ?d]lk Cqvi j aop aj h] heop] `a Bkn^ao%*.
] jqaopnk l] o ao l]npa `ah lnk^hai] u lk) `aiko oqlkjan mqa qj lkn_ajp]fa ahar]`k `a aoa ]ni]iajpk ehac]h oa mqa`] aj h]o _eq`]`ao bnkjpanev]o `a jqaopnk l] o* Ah _]ok `ah l]j`ehhaneoik k `a ^]j`]o knc]jev]`]o _kjpn]p]`]o lkn _ npahao `ah j]n_kpn Ú _k jk ao ]hck na_eajpa* R]ha na_kn`]n mqa d]_a i o `a qj] ` _]`] _k^n b]i] qj] ^]j`] `ajkiej]`] >]nnek Hkc]j u mqa klan]^] `a i]jan] _ajpn]h aj O]j @eack* Ah _ npah `a hko =nahh]jk hko _kjpn]p]^] l]n] _kiapan _n iajao p]jpk aj Pefq]j] _kik aj kpn]o l]npao `a h] bnkjpan] jknpa* H]o eilhe_]_ekjao `a h]o ]__ekjao `ah _neiaj knc]jev]`k jk okj at_hqoer]o `a aopa h]`k `a h] bnkjpan]* Aop]iko ]jpa lnk^hai]o _kiq) jao _kj i]cjepq`ao `eopejp]o aj `ebanajpao na]o* Jk oa lqa`a `aorej_qh]n ah pn joepk `a h] `nkc] `a qj hqc]n ] kpnk oej pki]n aj _qajp] ]h _kjoqie`kn* Oej `q`] ]hcqj] mqa h] hq_d] _kjpn] ah j]n_kpn Ú _k( ao ]hck mqa oa d]_a aj I te_k lkn ^ajaÚ _ek `a jkokpnko ieoiko( lank p]ilk_k lk`aiko jac]n mqa qj ^ajaÚ _e]nek `ena_pk `a ao] hq_d] ao Aop]`k Qje`ko* @nkc] `a_kieo]`] ]mq ao `nkc] mqa jk hhac] ]h _kjoqie`kn jknpa]iane_]jk* Ao _h]nk mqa( _kik oa ]h]^] qj a`epkne]) heop] `ah Peiao h] oai]j] l]o]`]( qjk `a hko lnk^hai]o `a I te_k aj aop] ^]p]hh] ao
oan ah ra_ejk `ah _kjoqie`kn i o cn]j`a `ah iqj`k* Lank aok jk jko ateia `a nao) lkjo]^ehe`]`( lqaopk mqa aop]o knc]jev]_ek) jao _neiej]hao _knnkilaj( jk okh]iajpa ] h]o ]qpkne`]`ao `a `eopejpko jerahao( oejk p]i^e j _eq`]`]jko _kj ah _kjoa_qajpa naomqa^n]f]ieajpk `ah pafe`k ok_e]h* Hk oq_a`e`k aj Jqark Ha j ao qj pneopa afailhk* P]j okhk ah ] k l]o]`k reiko ei ) cajao `a `a_aj]o `a lanokj]o aj_]lq_d]`]o mqa l]n]hev]nkj h]o _]hhao `a Ikjpannau l]n] atecen h] o]he`] `ah Af n_epk u oqolaj`an hko klan]perko* =dkn]( `aocn]_e]`]iajpa ra) iko h]o ao_aj]o `a iqanpko u ^]h]_an]o( `a aopq`e]jpao ejk_ajpao iqanpko aj ia`ek `a qj] nabneac]* I]h d]_aiko oe `af]iko h] naolkjo]) ^ehe`]` _kil]npe`] aj ah i^epk `a hko ]_qan`ko hkcn]`ko ajpna hko ck^eanjko `a ]i^ko l] oao* Ah haceoh]perk iate_]jk p]i^e j peaja naolkjo]^ehe`]`ao6 ao dkn] `a mqa d]c]j h]o hauao ja_ao]ne]o l]n] mqa hko ck^eanjko _qajpaj _kj dann]ieajp]o aÚ _]_ao l]n] aop] hq_d]* Hko ck^eanjko hk_]hao p]i^e j `a^aj ]oqien oq naolkjo]^ehe`]` aj i]pane] `a oacqne`]` u _ki^]pa ] h] _knnql_e j* Ao _eanpk( aop] ao qj] naolkjo]) ^ehe`]` _kil]npe`]* Mqa _]`] mqeaj ]oqi] oq l]npa* .D `kWd_]dWY_e$pWlWbW6c_b[d_e$Yec
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
9eb_cW @kWd CWdk[b 9h_iWdje 9Wcfei
.JFOUSBT FMPHJBNPT FM QBTBEP PMWJEBNPT FM QSFTFOUF
$
kj aop] jkp] ] hko =j]hao `a P _epk Ì ?]p hkck `ah ]n_derk >ajepk Fq nav( l*5( I te_k .,,1( a`ep]`k lkn ah =n_derk Cajan]h `a h] J]_e j( ah >ajai nepk `a h]o =i ne_]o jko na_qan`] h] eilknp]j_e] `e]h _pe_] ajpna l]o]`k( lnaoajpa u bqpqnk* @a j]`] oenra h] r]j]chkne] mqa ajckn`] ah ack7 o ah ]j heoeo k^faperk `a h] deopkne]( l]n] hkcn]n bejao mqa pn]o_eaj`]j ]h ejpan o l ^he_k* Ah ^ejkiek he^anp]`)a`q_]_e j l]n] lnk`q_en fqope_e] $_kj_eaj_e] `a h] deopkne] l]n] ah `ao]nnkhhk%( aop] lnaoajpa aj ah ]lknpa he^an]h `a Fq nav* Lkn afailhk( Dajaopnko]( =j`n o u kpnko aj Bhkn u h]pe`k6 e`a]nek lkh pe_k he^an]h( I te_k .,,1( l*40( hk _ep] aj ah I]jebeaopk `ah .. `a ]ckopk `a -4236 ÎDa `aikopn]`k aj ie re`] l ^he_] mqa oenrk ha]hiajpa ] ie l]pne] u mqa ]ik h] he^anp]`*Ï7 lkn oq l]npa( Fknca H* P]i]uk $a`*% aj @k_qiajpko( `eo_qnoko u _knnaolkj`aj_e] Rkhqiaj -( I te_k6 Oa_nap]n ] `ah L]pneikjek J]_ekj]h( l*1,2( hk nabeana6 ÎHe^na( u l]n] ie o]cn]`k ao ah `ana_dk `a lajo]n***H] a`q_]_e j ao bqj`]) iajp]h l]n] h] bahe_e`]` ok_e]h7 ao ah lnej_elek aj ah mqa `ao_]jo]j h] he^anp]` u ah ajcn]j`a_eieajpk `a hko lqa^hkoÏ* Lk`aiko ]lnaj`an `ah l]o]`k l]n] ik`ebe_]n _kj ]__ekjao ah lna) oajpa u ah bqpqnk( u l]n] oqlan]n ah oq^`ao]nnkhhk mqa dku oa rera( ^ oe_]iajpa lkn h] _neoeo `a r]hknao* Aj aoa oajpe`k( ah j`e_a `a _knnql) _e j `ebqj`e`k ] bej]hao `a oalpeai^na `a .,,4 lkn Pn]jol]naj_e] Ejpanj]_ekj]h $PE% q^e_] ] I te_k aj ah j iank 3.( `a -4, l] oao* PE oa ]h mqa hko l] oao mqa jk oqlan]nkj hko pnao lqjpko Ìaj ah _]ok `a I te_kÌ lkoaaj qj jerah `a _knnql_e j Î`aoajbnaj]`kÏ* Ah lnk^hai] `a h] _knnql_e j aj l] oao lk^nao lqa`a oecjebe_]n h] `ebanaj_e] ajpna h] re`] u iqanpa `a oqo d]^ep]jpao( hk mqa _]hebe_] _kik qj Î`ao]opna dqi]jep]nek _kjpejqkÏ* Ah _kopk `a h] _knnql_e j aj ah iqj`k ao `a 1, ieh iehhkjao `a ` h]nao ]jq]hao( hk mqa nalnaoajp] h] iep]` `a na_qnoko `aopej]`ko l]n] _ki^]pen h] lk^nav]* Ah lqa^hk iate_]jk oqbna lkn jqaopn] ecjkn]j_e] a ej`khaj_e]7 ah napk _kik ok_ea`]` ao pn]o_aj`an `a h] ]_pq]_e j _kj iavmqej) `]`( `kci]o u ack oiko ] h] ]lhe_]_e j `a lnej_eleko _kik he^anp]`( ecq]h`]` u bn]panje`]`* Ah hac]`k `a Fq nav jko `a^a kneajp]n ] h] nabhate j u ] h] ]__e j( I te_k ateca a`q_]_e j aj lnej_eleko l]n] bkni]n qj _]n _pan _n pe_k( n]_ekj]h u he^na7 `a ahhk `alaj`a h] _]he`]` `a jqaopn] `aik_n]_e] u h] cajan]_e j `a fqope_e]7 ]o _kik na`q_en ] oq i jei] atlnaoe j h] h]_n] ok_e]h `a h] _knnql_e j l]n] hkcn]n `ao]nnkhhk qj a_kj ie_k( lkh pe_k u ok_e]h* .&
C_b[d_e 9eb_cW" FkXb_YWY_ d :_Wh_W W e + De$ '*+-$ CWhpe (*" (&'& D c[he Z[ 9[hj_\_YWZe Z[ H[i[hlW ejeh]WZe feh [b ?dij_jkje DWY_edWb Z[ :[h[Y^ei Z[ 7kjeh0 [d jh|c_j[$ D c[he Z[ 9[hj_\_YWZe Z[ B_Y_jkZ Z[ 9edj[d_Ze0 [d jh|c_j[ D c[he Z[ 9[hj_\_YWZe Z[ B_Y_jkZ Z[ J jkbe0 [d jh|c_j[ Ejeh]WZei feh bW 9ec_i_ d 9Wb_\_YWZehW Z[ FkXb_YWY_ed[i o H[l_ijWi ?bki jhW ZWi Z[ bW I[Yh[jWh W Z[ =eX[hdWY_ d FkXb_YWZe o Z_ijh_Xk_Ze feh f[h_ Z_Ye C?B;D?E :?7H?E I$7$ Z[ 9$L$ :ec_Y_b_e Z[ bW ?cfh[i_ d o Fk Xb_ YW Y_ d0 7l[dW De$ '-" 9eb$ =hWd`Wi ;ic[hWbZW" 9$F$ &/.'&" C n_Ye :$<$ J[bi0 +*#*+#(/#./ :_i jh_ Xk Y_ d Kd_ d DW Y_e dWb Z[ ;n f[d Z[ Ze h[i Z[ F[h_ Z_Yei Z[ C n_Ye Fh[Y_e0 +$&& ;b Yed j[ d_ Ze Z[ bei Whj Yk bei [i h[ifediWX_b_ZWZ [nYbki_lW Z[ bei Wkjeh[i Je Zei bei Z[h[Y^ei [ij|d h[i[hlWZei Gk[ ZW fhe ^_ X_ ZW bW h[ fheZkYY_ d fWhY_Wb e je jWb Z[b cWj[h_Wb fkXb_YWZe i_d Yedi[dj_c_[d je feh [iYh_je Z[ bei [Z_ je h[i BW _d\ehcWY_ d Yedj[d_ZW ^W i_Ze eXj[d_ZW Z[ \k[dj[i gk[ i[ Yedi_Z[hWd \_Z[Z_]dWi$
;D 9ED<?7DP7
9eb_cW
B[edY_e Ceh|d I|dY^[p
'BMTBT 1SVEFODJBT
/
]`ea ia `efk mqa oan ] b _eh( iq_dk iajko hk aolan * @ao`a oq eje_ek( ]o d] oe`k ie l]npe_el]_e j aj h] re`] l ^he_]( oan ] l]n] ie iqu _ ik`k ecjkn]n hk mqa aop oq_a) `eaj`k aj ?khei] u lkn _kik`e`]` mqa`]nia _]hh]`k* = `e]nek na_e^k qj oejj iank `a bahe_ep]_ekjao( klejekjao u lqjpko `a reop] _kj naola_pk ] hk mqa `a^an ] `a d]_an u `a jk d]_an( nabene j`koa ]h pai] `a h] b]hp] `a pn]jol]naj_e] aj ah afan_e_ek `ah qok `a hko na_qn) oko l ^he_ko `a l]npa `a Oehranek u `a I]nek( ]_pq]h ck^anj]`kn `ah Aop]`k* H] lkoe_e j mqa da ]oqie`k ao iqu b _eh `a fqvc]n `ao`a ]bqan]( lank jk ao qj] oepq]_e j iajkn* Ie lqjpk `a reop] u ah na_h]ik jk okj o hk hko lnkleko( oejk hko `a iq_d oeiko _khe) iajoao mqa lkn `ebanajpao n]vkjao jk oa ]pnaraj( jk lqa`aj k oeilha) iajpa jk mqeanaj ajbnajp]noa ] h] aopnq_pqn] `a ck^eanjk mqa paja) iko* Ao iqu b _eh d]^h]n u oa ]h]n h]o _ko]o ] aol]h`]o `a ]hcqeaj( lank `a_enhk `a bnajpa( ] h] _]n]( peaja l]n] iq_dko qj cn]`k `a `ebe_qhp]` eilkoe^ha `a oqlan]n* Iq_dk iajko oe ] mqeaj oa ajbnajp] ao ah ck^anj]`kn `ah aop]`k* Aj h] _]hha( pk`k iqj`k oa ]h] ah ajnemqa_eieajpk ejatlhe_]^ha `a Oehranek ?]r]vko( ah _ ik aj p]j o hk qjko lk_ko ] ko l]ok `a oan qj ^qn _n]p] `a ia`ek lahk( ] _kj) ranpenoa aj iehhkj]nek _kheikpa* Aj Pa_ki j( `kj`a oq pn]ua_pkne] ao _kjk_e`] ]ilhe]iajpa u `ao`a d]_a iq_dko ] ko( _kilnaj`aj iafkn h] oepq]_e j* H opei]( mqa d]op] dku( I]nek oa] oq _ ilhe_a* @aolq o `ah `e hkck mqa pqra _kj ah ck^anj]`kn ah o ^]`k l]o]`k aj ah raop ^qhk `ah Pa]pnk Qjeranoep]nek( lnarek ] qj arajpk `a h] Oa_nap]n ] `a O]hq` `ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h( h] Qjeranoe`]` `a ?khei] u ah Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k( oa d] har]jp]`k qj] lkh ie_] ejpanao]jpa* Hko kbe_ekoko( _kik oeailna( ia d]j _]hebe_]`k `a ennaranajpa( ennaolapqkok( ]pna) re`k( u iq_dko kpnko _]hebe_]perko iq_dk i o ]cnaoerko mqa _kjoe`ank jk r]ha h] laj] nalapen7 ah _khik d]j oe`k hko _kiajp]neko `ah h `an `ah OQPQ? u `ah lnklek na_pkn `a h] Qjeranoe`]` `a ?khei]( mqeajao oa d]j oajpe`k ]cn]re]`ko* =h na_pkn `ao`a `a ah ` ] `ah arajpk( ] ie
:[ cWd[hW [if[Y_Wb c[ Z_h_`e [d [ij[ cec[dje W Wgk bbei gk[ de YecfWhj[d c_ WYjkWh" f[he i bW YWkiW$ Bei _dl_je W de gk[ZWhi[ YWbbWZei o gk[ Z[ WYk[hZe W bWi \ehcWi gk[ Yedi_Z[h[d c[`eh[i ^W]Wd Wb]e feh 9eb_cW
PQJOJuO
aol]h`]( hk ao_q_d na_h]i]n ie ]__e j( oqlkjck jk oa ]pnare ] d]_anhk `a bnajpa* Oa ha khre`] ]h na_pkn mqa h] Qjeranoe`]` jk peaja `qa k( mqa ao `a pk`ko u lkn oq knecaj `a^a oan ah aol]_ek `kj`a pk`]o h]o bkni]o `a lajo]n( _na`ko( a e`akhkc ]o lkh pe_]o oa i]jebeaopaj( je oemqean] h ieoik peaja ah `ana_dk ] eila`enh]o k ] na_neiej]nh]o* Hk ajpeaj`k( ah na_pkn l ^he_]iajpa d] i]jebaop]`k mqa ao lneeop] u ao k^rek mqa _q]j`k _qaopekja ] oq i teik h `an l]npe`eop]( ah ck^anj]`kn `ah aop]`k( ]mq h oa ej_kik`a* Mq h opei]( lqao ah `e hkck okopaje`k bqa aj pk`k ikiajpk naolapqkok( aopk _kjop] aj hko re`ako mqa oa aj_qajpn]j aj h] na` `a ejpanjap( ia l]na_a mqa ah na_pkn u ]hcqjko kpnko `a^an ]j `a aop]n i o k_ql]`ko aj atecenhao _qajp]o ] Oehranek u ] I]nek( _q]j`k ao are`ajpa mqa aj ]i^]o ]`iejeopn]_ekjao oa `eankj i]jafko `a na_qnoko `a qj] i]jan] ej]`a_q]`]* H] ajknia `aq`] mqa `af]nkj aj ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h u iqje_el]h naola_per]iajpa d]_a _kjop]n hk ]jpanekn* Aopku `a ]_qan`k( ie bkni] `a ]_pq]n lqa`a jk oan _kil]npe`] lkn pk`ko( hko naolapk( ej_hqok ] hko kbe_ekoko( hko _q]hao aj iq_dko _]oko `alaj`aj `a `ebanajpao bkni]o `a hko na_qnoko mqa na_e^aj `a l]npa `ah ck^eanjk `ah aop]`k* @a i]jan] aola_e]h ia `enefk aj aopa ikiajpk ] ]mq hhko mqa jk _kil]npaj ie ]_pq]n( lank o h] _]qo]* Hko ejrepk ] jk mqa`]noa _]hh]`ko u mqa `a ]_qan`k ] h]o bkni]o mqa _kjoe`anaj iafknao d]c]j ]hck lkn ?khei]* @afaj `a oan oeilhao aola_p]`knao mqa( lkn _kik`e`]` k lkn paikn( lnabeanaj jk `]n h] _]n] `af]j`k ] kpnko mqa d]c]j ]hck lkn qopa`ao7 ]oqi]iko ah _kilnkieok mqa pajaiko _kik l]npa `a aop] _kiqje`]` ] h] mqa p]jpk mqanaikoÅ h] naolkjo]^ehe`]` ao `a pk`ko* .
D@C<E@F
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
/BDJPOBM
;Z_jeh0 'SBODJTDP (BSEVtP feb j_YW6c_b[d_eZ_Wh_e$Yec$cn
7lWbWd [d Yec_i_ed[i h[\ehcW Z[ Z[h[Y^ei ^kcWdei
;d [b I[dWZe h[ifWbZWd bW ikif[di_ d Z[ ]WhWdj Wi B[]_ibWZeh[i
@7L?;H =7H9Ñ7
fh[Y_iWd gk[ bW h[ijh_YY_ d Z[X[ i[h fhefehY_edWb Wb f[b_]he gk[ i[ [d\h[dj[ C n_Ye38e^ c`ZX D\iZX[f
&
h Oaj]`k ]lnk^ aj _kieoekjao h] nabkn) i] _kjopepq_ekj]h aj i]pane] `a `ana_dko dqi]jko mqa( ajpna kpnko _]i^eko( ik`eÚ_] ah ]np _qhk .5 aj i]pane] `a oqolajoe j `a c]n]jp ]o l]n] nacqh]n hko _]oko @ei PWfWjW F[he]ehZe o F[Zhe @eWgk d 9ebZm[bb [d bW h[kd_ d Z[ Wo[h aj mqa ah Afa_qperk lk`n na_qnnen ] aoa ia_]jeoik ^]fk _kjpnkhao `ah oaj]`kn l]jeop] O]jpe]ck ?naah YbWl[i `ah ?kjcnaok `a h] Qje j u `a h] oeajp] h]o ^]oao l]n] hac]hev]n h] Oqlnai] ?knpa* l]npe_el]_e j `a h]o bqanv]o ]ni]`]o Jkj[bW Z[ Wi_be =oeieoik( `kp] `a b]_qhp]) aj ah _ki^]pa ] h] rekhaj_e]* `ao ] h] ?kieoe j J]_ekj]h `a @qn]jpa h] oaoe j `a h] ?kie) hko @ana_dko Dqi]jko $?J@D% oe j `a Lqjpko ?kjopepq_ekj]hao( 9I[ ceZ_ÅYW Wb Whj Ykbe fh_c[# l]n] mqa op] ]oqi] h]o b]_qhp]`ao he fWhW ^ecebe]Wh bWi ]WhWdj Wi oaj]`knao `a pk`ko hko l]npe`ko `a ejraopec]_e j mqa dku peaja h] `e_p]iej]nkj h] iejqp] ajre]`] Z[ dWY_edWb[i o [njhWd`[hei" Oqlnai] ?knpa l]n] hko _]oko `a gk[ [d YWie Z[ i[h Z[fehjWZei" lkn h] ? i]n] `a @elqp]`ko u ha rekh]_ekjao cn]rao u jk o hk aiep] [ijWh|d fhej[]_Zei o feZh|d de_eankj _]i^eko l]n] ]lnk^]n na_kiaj`]_ekjao( oejk mqa lqa`] WYY[Z[h W bW WkZ_[dY_W$ nabkni]o ] hko ]np _qhko -( .5( //( lnaoajp]n `ajqj_e]o* 45( 53 u -,.* Aj ah patpk `ah ]np _qhk .5 ]lnk) Lkn hk mqa pk_] ] h]o nabkni]o ]h 9I[ jkj[bW [b Wi_be o i[ Z[j[h# ^]`k ]uan aj _kieoekjao oa ejpacn] c_dW gk[ bW feb j_YW [nj[h_eh Z[# ]np _qhk .5 _kjopepq_ekj]h( hko _]i^eko qj _]p hkck `a `ana_dko mqa jk oa X[h| h[]_hi[ feh bei fh_dY_f_ei `eÚanaj `a h] eje_e]per] lnaoe`aj_e]h lk`n j oqolaj`an ^]fk jejcqj] Yedij_jkY_edWb[i [d cWj[h_W Z[ aj i]pane] `a Hau `a Oacqne`]` J]) _en_qjop]j_e]( ]qjmqa ajpna hko Z[h[Y^ei ^kcWdei$ _ekj]h( h] _q]h lnklkja mqa o hk ah ikperko l]n] `a_h]n]n h] oqolaj) Afa_qperk pajc] _kilapaj_e] l]n] oe j `a c]n]jp ]o oa `af] ]^eanp] h] aiepen h]o `a_h]n]pkne]o `a oqolajoe j 9;d [b YWj|be]e Z[ ]WhWdj Wi lkoe^ehe`]` `a mqa ah _ki^]pa ]h `a c]n]jp ]o( oej _kj_qnok `ah ?kj) _dikif[dZ_Xb[i" de Å]khW bW _neiaj oa] _]qo]h( hk mqa ] `a_en cnaok( ] pn]r o `ah ?kjoafk J]_ekj]h b_X[hjWZ Z[ [nfh[i_ d
P
F[hh[Z_ijWi Z[ijWYWd WYk[hZei
H[\[h[dZe" fb[X_iY_je [ _d_Y_Wj_lW Y_kZWZWdW" bW W][dZW [d fk[hjW C n_Ye38e^ c`ZX D\iZX[f
-
]o _kieoekjao `e_p]iej]) `kn]o `a h] nabkni] lkh ) pe_] ]_kn`]nkj mqa qj] rav ]lnk^]`k ah _]l pqhk `a hko `ana_dko dqi]jko( hko pai]o mqa oecqaj oan j _eq`]`]jko( _kik ah lha^eo_epk( ah nabanaj`k( h] eje) _e]per] _eq`]`]j]( ah ia_]jeoik `a oqopepq_e j `ah Lnaoe`ajpa `a h] Nal ^he_] u qj] hau `a l]npe`ko( ajpna kpnko*
@qn]jpa h] oaoe j `a h] ?kie) oe j `a Lqjpko ?kjopepq_ekj]hao `a ]uan ( ah oaj]`kn lanna`eop] =npqnk J av devk qj] nah]pkn ] `a hko pai]o aj mqa d]j ]r]jv]`k hko l]npe`ko( _kjÚni mqa oecqa h] _kjopnq__e j `a ]_qan`ko u lna_eo aj mq pai]o d]u _kej_e`aj_e] `a mqa `a^aj oan `eo_qpe`ko( ]qjmqa b]hp] ]_kn`]n ah _ ik* Ah at `ena_pkn `ah EBA aopei mqa l]n] _kjopnqen h] nabkni] lkh pe) _] mqa naolkj`] ] hk mqa ah l] o
ja_aoep] l]n] oq lpeik `ao]nnk) hhk `aik_n pe_k ao bqj`]iajp]h ]j]hev]n ah oeopai] aha_pkn]h u `a l]npe`ko( ]o _kik aop]^ha_an Î`a ` j`a rajeiko( ` j`a aop]iko u ] ` j`a mqanaiko en aj nah]_e j ] _]`] qjk `a ahhkoÏ* Devk qj na_qajpk deop ne_k `a h] arkhq_e j `ah oeopai] aha_pkn]h aj I te_k u ajqian h]o nabkni]o aj i]pane] `a oeopai] l]npe`ko( u naceopnko( ajpna kpnko* ÎDaiko hhac]`k ] qj] oepq]_e j
`a Oacqne`]`( u mqa oa oqolaj`]j pk`k pelk `a `ana_dko* Hko oaj]`knao ]lnk^]nkj ]uan mqa oa i]jpajc] h] `eolkoe_e j `a mqa aj hko _]oko `a ejr]oe j( lanpqn^]_e j cn]ra `a h] l]v l ^he_] Îk `a _q]hmqean kpnk mqa lkjc] ] h] ok_ea`]` aj cn]ra lahecnk k _kjÛe_pkÏ ah Afa_qperk lk`n Înao) pnejcenÏ k oqolaj`an aj pk`k ah l] o k hqc]n `apaniej]`k ah afan_e_ek `a hko `ana_dko* Oa na_qlan _kilhap] h] lnklqaop] `ah LNE( ej_hqe`] aj oq eje_e]per] `a nabkni] lkh pe_] l]n] `apaniej]n mqa Îaj jejc j _]ok lk`n j nao) pnejcenoa k oqolaj`an ah `ana_dk ] h] jk `eo_neiej]_e j( h] lnkde^e_e j `a h] laj] `a iqanpa( ah `ana_dk ]h na_kjk_eieajpk `a h] lanokj]he`]` fqn `e_]( ] h] ejpacne`]` lanokj]h( ]h aj mqa pajaiko qj pnel]npe`eoik( _kjopnqe`k lkn LNE( L=J u LN@( lank ] jerah j]_ekj]h pajaiko qj ^el]npe`eoik LNE)L=J aj ah jknpa u LNE)LN@ aj ah oqnaopaÏ( ej`e_ ( ]`ai o `a q^e_]n ]h LRAI _kik qj l]npe`k ^eo]cn]( ]h ecq]h mqa LP u ?kjrancaj_e] aj ]he]jv]o _kj h] evmqean`]* Aj aoa oajpe`k( lkj`an h] ja_aoe`]` `a h] _kjopnq__e j `a i]ukn ]o _kj bknp]ha_eieajpk `ah Afa_qperk( lank p]i^e j `ah ?kjcnaok* Lkn oq l]pna( ah lanna`eop] Cn]_k N]i nav devk jkp]n mqa qj] rav mqa oa hhac ] ]_qan`ko aj i]pane] `a `ana_dko dqi]jko( oa lqa`a l]o]n `a h] lneian] l]npa `a h] nabkni] lkh pe_] ] qj] oacqj) `] b]oa `kj`a oa ra]j `ana_dko _eq`]`]jko*
jki^na( ] h] lnkpa__e j `a h] b]iehe]( ] h] j]_ekj]he`]`Ï* P]ilk_k hko `ana_dko `a hko je ko( hko `ana_dko lkh pe_ko( h] lnkde^e_e j `a h] ao_h]repq`( h]o he^anp]`ao `a _kj_eaj_e] u `a na) hece j( je h]o c]n]jp ]o fq`e_e]hao ej`eolajo]^hao l]n] h] lnkpa__e j `a p]hao `ana_dko* Oa lqjpq]hev] mqa h] naopne__e j k oqolajoe j `a `ana_dko `a^an aop]n bqj`]`] u ikper]`] aj hko p niejko `a h] ?kjopepq_e j Îu oan lnklkn_ekj]h ]h lahecnk ] mqa oa d]_a bnajpa( k^oanr]j`k aj pk`k ikiajpk hko lnej_eleko `a hac]) he`]`( lnk_h]i]_e j( lq^he_e`]` u jk `eo_neiej]_e jÏ* Ah Afa_qperk jk lk`n d]_an k^oanr]_ekjao ]h `a_napk ia`e]j) pa ah _q]h ah ?kjcnaok narkmqa h] oqolajoe j k naopne__e j* H]o oqo) lajoekjao `a^an j oan ]lnk^]`]o lkn h]o _ i]n]o `ah ?kjcnaok( jk h] ?kieoe j Lani]jajajpa( u hko `a_napko mqa atle`] ah Afa_qperk Îoan j nareo]`ko `a kÚ_ek a ejia) `e]p]iajpa lkn h] O?FJ aj oq _kjo) pepq_ekj]he`]` u r]he`avÏ* Aj h] `eo_qoe j( ah lanna`eop] L]^hk C iav jac mqa h] nabkni] Îhhara fene^ehh]Ï l]n] hac]hev]n hko aop]`ko `a at_al_e j _kj ikperk `ah _ki^]pa ]h _neiaj* Oej ai^]n) ck( ah l]jeop] O]jpe]ck ?naah( aj ajpnareop]( okopqrk mqa o oeajp] h]o ^]oao l]n] mqa ah af n_epk u h] =ni]`] lqa`]j ejpanrajen* Ah lneeop] La`nk Fk]mq j ?kh`sahh devk jkp]n mqa qj lqjp]h `a h] nabkn) i] oan j h]o jqar]o b]_qhp]`ao ] h] ?J@D jk o hk l]n] ejraopec]n _]oko cn]rao `a rekh]_ekjao( oej naopne__ek) jao `a ]__aok ] h] ejbkni]_e j k ] atla`eajpao lkn l]npa `a _q]hmqean ]qpkne`]`( oejk mqa ]dkn] h] _kieoe j lk`n ajp]^h]n `ajqj_e]o l]n] mqa oa ejraopecqaj u o]j_ekjaj* .D Ah lneeop] La`nk Fk]mq j ?kh`sahh ajqian mqa ateopaj u] pai]o aj hko mqa d]u ]_qan`ko `a h]o bqanv]o lkh pe_]o( Î]dkn] b]hp] lk) janjko `a ]_qan`k aj hko _ iko( lakn aop]iko uaj`k `a hk i o oaj_ehhk ] hk _kilhafkÏ* Iaj_ekj ah pai] `ah na) banaj`k( qj] rav mqa h]o pnao lnej_el]hao bqanv]o lkh pe_]o hk lnaoajp]nkj aj oqo eje_e]per]o _kj _]n]_pan ope_]o `ebanajpao( ]h ecq]h mqa h] eje_e]per] _eq`]`]j]( h] na_kj`q__e j lnaoqlqaop]h u ah ia_]jeoik `a oqopepq_e j `ah Lnaoe`ajpa aj _]ok `a b]h) p] ]^okhqp]* Ah l]jeop] O]jpe]ck ?naah _k) ej_e`e aj mqa h] _kjopnq__e j `a h] oacqj`] ap]l] namqeana en `a hko _kjoajoko ] hko pai]o i o _kilhe_]`ko* .D
D@C<E@F
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
OBDJPOBM H;Dx IEJE%7H9>?LE
:_h_][dj[i i_dZ_YWb[i fh[fWhWd YedjhWfhefk[ijW bWXehWb1 Wi[]khWd j[d[h Wfeoe Z[ FH? o FL;C
BW h[\ehcW Z[ BepWde" ºh[]h[i_lW»0 Z_fkjWZei
@;IØI GK?DJ7D7H
Be d_Ye gk[ be]h bW
Ck ep" b Z[h Z_i_Z[dj[ Z[b IC;
_d_Y_Wj_lW fWd_ijW \k[ kd_ÅYWh Wb cel_c_[dje eXh[he" Yedi_Z[hWd
Bkp o <k[hpW
@kX_bWY_ed[i f[dZ_[dj[i oW feZh|d YeXhWhi[
C n_Ye3;Xe`\c M\e\^Xj p =\ieXe[f ;Xd`}e
%
elqp]`ko k^nanko `a h]o `eopejp]o bn]__ekjao aj h] ? i]n] `a @elqp]`ko ]_kn`]nkj ]uan( _kj ah naol]h`k `a oqo ^]j_]`]o( jk Î`af]n l]o]nÏ h] lnklqaop] `a nabkni] h]^kn]h lnaoajp]`] lkn ah L=J h] oai]j] l]o]`]( ejbkni ah lneeop] u h `an `a h] ?NK?( Eo] ]o Ckjv hav* Oa ]h mqa aj qj aj_qajpnk aj h] ?kieoe j `ah Pn]^]fk u Lnareoe j Ok_e]h( h] bn]__e j k^nan] `ah LNE `ah Aop]`k `a I te_k( aj_]^av]`] lkn ah lnaoe`ajpa `ah ?kjcnaok `ah Pn]^]fk aj ao] ajpe`]`( =ni]j`k Jaun]( lnaoajp h] lnklqaop] mqa ej_hqua ]`ai o `ah na_d]vk ] h] eje_e]per] l]jeop]( h] _kjbkni]_e j `a qj] _kjpn]lnklqaop]* ͼBqa qj ]_qan`k `a aop] naqje j jk `af]n l]o]n h] eje_e]per]; Íoa ha lnacqjp * Í=o ao* ͼ?kj ah ]lkuk `a oqo ^]j_]`]o; Í=o ao( _kj ah ]lkuk `a h]o ^]j_]`]o `a LNE( LP( ?kjrancaj_e] u Ran`a Íatlhe_ * =`ai o( `efk mqa ah `elqp]`k `ah L=J u h `an `ah oej`e_]pk `ah EIOO( R]h`ai]n Cqpe nnav Bn]ck) ok( p]i^e j na_d]v h] lnklqaop] `ah ^h]jmqe]vqh( ]qjmqa hk devk ] pn]r o `a h] `elqp]`] lneeop] ?h]n] Bhknao ?]nk( he`anao] `a h] oa__e j `a F]heo_k `a aoa oej`e_]pk( mqeaj `ek ] _kjk_an h] lkopqn] `ah `enecajpa oej`e_]h ]h ]oeopen ]h aj_qajpnk aj oq nalnaoajp]_e j* Ah h `an oej`e_]h `efk mqa h] eje_e]) per] l]jeop] Îjk _]iej]( jk peaja bqpqnk lknmqa u] aj_kjpn na_d]vk ah ]^okhqpk `a h]o knc]jev]_ekjao oej`e_]hao(Ï `a h]o `elqp]_ekjao
C n_Ye3DXi`XeX Fk\if$9i`q
&
7b[]Wd gk[ [b ]eX_[hde \[Z[hWb i[ [gk_leY Wb fh[i[djWh [b j[nje p]jpk `a LNE _kik `a hko `ai o l]npe`ko( LP( LN@( ?kjrancaj_e] u Ran`a A_khkceop]Ï* ?kjoe`an mqa ah L=J u ah ck) ^eanjk ba`an]h oa amqerk_]nkj ]h lnaoajp]n h] lnklqaop]* ÎU oe mqeoeankj ]oqop]n ]h ikreieaj) pk k^nank hk mqa l]o ao mqa hk qjeankj( hk qjeÚ_]nkj u hk lkjaj ] `abaj`an h] hauÏ* Ah l]_pk( atlhe_ ( Îjk o hk iqaopn] ah `ao_kjpajpk _kj h] lnklqaop] l]jeop]( oejk mqa d]u qj ]_qan`k l]n] ejbkni]n ] h] cajpa `ah oajpe`k mqa hhar] h] eje_e]per] `ah L=J( mqa aj _kj_hqoe j( oe oa mqeana ]lhe_]n( aop]n ]iko nacnao]j`k -,, ] ko ]pn o( lknmqa ]d oa lean`a ah `ana_dk `a ]ok_e]_e j( `a _kjpn]p]_e j( ] h] fknj]`] h]^kn]h u ]h o]h]nekÏ* =`ai o( ]^qj` ( oa bkni]n qj _kiep mqa aop]n ejpacn]`k lkn aola_e]heop]o `a h]o `eopejp]o _ajpn]hao k^nan]o Îl]n] mqa bkn) iqhaj qj lnkua_pk `a ]`a_q]_e j ] h] Hau Ba`an]h `ah pn]^]fk( lank oej pk_]n ah ]np _qhk -./*
;b i_dZ_YWje Z[ bW KD7C bbWcW W cel_b_pWhi[
:_Y[ 9JC gk[ [ijWh| Wj[djW W bW Z_iYki_ d C n_Ye3DXi`XeX Fk\if$9i`q
5
n]o ]j]hev]n h] eje_e]per] `a nabkni] h]^kn]h lnaoajp]) `] lkn ah L=J( h]o _ajpn]hao k^nan]o kÚ_e]hao a ej`alaj`eajpao _kej_e`eankj aj mqa op] jk nalna) oajp] jejc j ^ajaÚ_ek l]n] hko pn]^]f]`knao( u ]pajp] _kjpn] hko `ana_dko `a oej`e_]hev]_e j u `a dqahc] u h] ]qpkjki ] oej`e_]h* L]pne_ek Bhknao( oa_nap]nek `a ?k)
iqje_]_e j `a h] ?PI( ejbkni mqa hko `enecajpao `a h] _ajpn]h k^nan] aop]n j ]pajpko `ah `ao]nnkhhk `a h] `eo_qoe j mqa oa lnaoajpa aj ah Haceoh]perk( aolan]n j ] _kjk_an ah pn]^]fk aj h]o _kieoekjao( ]o _kik `a h] ]_pq]_e j `a hko nalnaoajp]jpao mqa peaja aj ah ?kjcnaok* Oej ai^]nck( ]beni mqa h] eje_e]per] jk lnapaj`a bknp]ha_an ] hko pn]^]f]`knao `a ^]oa( lqao ]_kp] hko `ana_dko oej`e_]hao u
P YbWl[i
Atlhe_ mqa aj h] naqje j ao) pqreankj lnaoajpao haceoh]`knao `a LN@( LP( ?kjrancaj_e]( L]npe`k Ran`a u h `anao oej`e_]hao*
@efk mqa ah ]_qan`k ej_hqua p]i^e j na]hev]n qj] _]il] ] ejbkni]per] ]h ejpanekn `a hko oej`e_]pko l]n] `a_enha ] hko pn]) ^]f]`knao mqa h] lnklqaop] `ah L=J ao Înacnaoer]Ï* Lkn oal]n]`k( ah lnaoe`ajpa `a h] ?kieoe j `a Pn]^]fk( Panaok Ia`ej]( oa ]h mqa h] bn]__e j `ah LNE ^qo_]n ah _kjoajok `a hko ./3 `elqp]`ko `a aoa l]npe`k l]n] Î_]iej]n fqjpko aj aopa cn]j pai]Ï* = oq rav( ah h `an `ah oej`e_]pk `a Pahabkjeop]o u `elqp]`k ba`an]h `ah LN@( Bn]j_eo_k Danj j`av Fq nav( `efk mqa aj h] ? i]n] `a @elqp]`ko ateopa h] i]ukn ] ja_ao]ne] l]n] Î_knp]n `a p]fk h] lkoe^ehe`]` `a ao] lnklqaop]Ï* =Úni mqa Îao] nabkni] jk l]o] ]dkn] je aj oalpeai^naÏ ]h _kjoe`an]n mqa ah oa_nap]nek `ah Pn]^]fk( F]rean Hkv]jk( Îeilqok oq ejpan o l]npe_q) h]n( oqo lnkua__ekjao lkh pe_]o i o mqa ah ]b j aj qj] nabkni] h]^kn]h mqa ]uq`a ] mqa h]o _kj`e_ekjao aj I te_k iafknajÏ* .D
^qo_] `eoiejqen h] bqanv] `a h]o knc]jev]_ekjao k^nan]o* @efk mqa oe ^eaj oa _qilha _kj ah _kilnkieok `a jk pk_]n ah ]np _qhk -./ _kjopepq_ekj]h( ]h nach]iajp]n h] dqahc]( oa eilkjaj `eÚ_qhp]`ao l]n] afan_an qj `ana_dk lhajk `a hko pn]^]f]`knao( hk mqa _kjpn]reaja h] ?]np] I]cj]* ÎAj ah `eo_qnok( p]jpk ah Lnaoe`aj) pa _kik ah oa_nap]nek `ah Pn]^]fk( `e_aj mqa h] nabkni] jk lnapaj`a pk_]n hko `ana_dko aop]^ha_e`ko aj h] ?kjopepq_e j( u lkn oqlqaopk( ah `ana_dk `a dqahc]( h] _kjpn]p]_e j _kha_per] u h] ]qpkjki ] oej`e_]h aop j ej_ hqiao7 oej ai^]nck( ]h pn]p]n `a _]i^e]n oq ]lhe_]_e j jk naÛaf]j hk mqa `e_aj aj ah `eo_qnokÏ* Lkn oq l]npa( ah oa_nap]nek cajan]h
`ah Oej`e_]pk `a Pn]^]f]`knao `a h] QJ=I( =cqop j Nk`n cqav( ]oacqn mqa h]o knc]jev]_ekjao ej`alaj) `eajpao `a^aj qjenoa l]n] na]hev]n ikrehev]_ekjao _kjpn] h] lnklqaop] `ah L=J( l]n] mqa h] Hau Ba`an]h `ah Pn]^]fk lani]jav_] oej _]i^eko* Aj ajpnareop] pn]o na]hev]n qj ie) pej ]bqan] `ah L]h]_ek `a O]j H v]nk( `efk mqa h] lnklqaop] naol]h`]`] lkn F]rean Hkv]jk ]pajp] _kjpn] hko `ana_dko `a hko pn]^]f]`knao* Lkn ahhk( ]oacqn mqa ]jpao `a lnaoajp]n qj] lnklqaop] ]hpanj] ] pn]r o `a hko `elqp]`ko `a h] QJP( oa `a^a ikrehev]n ] hko pn]^]f]`knao( lqao aj ah ?kjcnaok hko oej`e_]pko ej`alaj`eajpao jk peajaj h] bqanv] l]n] eilqho]n oqo lh]jpa]ieajpko( u o hk oa hkcn]n ] hacepei]n h] nabkni] `ah ck^eanjk* .D
9edgk_ijWi 9;b F7D i[ Wb Wb fh[i[djWh ik fhefk[ijW Z[ h[\ehcW bWXehWb gk[ i[ jhWjW Z[ kdW _d_Y_Wj_lW [d\eYWZW Wb YecXWj[ bW feXh[# pW" WZ[c|i gk[ i[h| ][d[hWZe# hW Z[ [cfb[ei$
9Bei Z_\[h[dj[i fWhj_Zei Wi[]khWhed gk[ bW fh[i[djWY_ d Z[ bW _d_Y_Wj_lW dkdYW b[i \k[ YedikbjWZW o gk[ feh [bbe bW fedZh|d XW`e bW bkfW$
9:_`[hed jWcX_ d gk[ [i kdW _d_Y_Wj_lW gk[ XkiYW WYWXWh Yed bWi Yedgk_ijWi bWXehWb[i ^_ij h_# YWi Z[ bei jhWXW`WZeh[i
h Oanre_ek `a =`iejeopn]_e j u Aj]faj]_e j `a >eajao oa _kilnkiape ] okhq_ekj]n h] lnk^hai pe_] `a hko pn]^]f]`k) nao fq^eh]`ko `a Hqv u Bqanv] mqa jk d]j lk`e`k ]__a`an ]h l]ck `a oqo lajoekjao( `a^e`k ] mqa oq pn iepa aop]^] aj _qnok k oa ]_]^]^] `a _kj_nap]n ]h ikiajpk `a h] atpej_e j `a HB?* Oac j ah `enecajpa `a h] `eoe) `aj_e] `ah Oej`e_]pk Iate_]jk `a Aha_pne_eop]o( =haf]j`nk Iq kv( ah `ena_pkn _knlkn]perk `ah O=A( D _pkn Knkv_k( ]Úni mqa aj h] lneian] _]pkn_aj] `a ]^neh hko pn]^]f]`knao mqa _qilheankj _kj pk`k ah lnk) _aok `a fq^eh]_e j ]jpao `a mqa oa aiepean] ah `a_napk `a atpej_e j( lk`n j _k^n]n oq lajoe j* =oeieoik( aj h]o oecqeajpao oai]j]o oa lnk_a`an ]h l]ck `a hko _ej_k iaoao `a o]h]nek mqa oa hao ]`aq`]j* Aj ajpnareop] _kj IEHAJEK @e]nek( ah p]i^e j lnaoe`ajpa `a h] ?k]he_e j `a Ieai^nko `ah OIA `ek ] _kjk_an mqa ] l]npen `ah ln teik hqjao .5 `a i]nvk( hko pn]^]f]`knao mqa lkn h] `ao]l]ne) _e j `a h] ailnao] jk lq`eankj ]__a`an ]h oacqnk oej`e_]h( paj`n j hko ikjpko `eolkje^hao l]n] oq _k^nk aj h]o Fqjp]o `a ?kj_ehe]_e j u =n^epn]fa* Ah oacqnk oej`e_]h an] qj] lnao) p]_e j _kjpaje`] aj ah _kjpn]pk _kha_perk `a pn]^]fk `ah OIA7 ia`e]jpa ah _q]h hko `aq`ko `a qj pn]^]f]`kn paj ]j `ana_dk ] na_qnoko `ah kn`aj `a hko 5 ieh laoko* Iq kv _kjoe`an mqa hko ]r]j_ao aj h]o jack_e]_ekjao _kj ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h l]n] ^nej`]n okhq_ekjao ] pk`ko hko pn]^]f]`knao `a HB? oa d]j ]h_]jv]`k `a^e`k ]h jeik lnklkoeperk u `a _kj_ehe]_e j mqa d]u ajpna h] i]ukn ] `a hko ]cna) ie]`ko7 oej ai^]nck( h]iajp mqa hko naoqhp]`ko jk oa lnaoajpaj `a i]jan] i o n le`]* Lkn kpn] l]npa( `ek ] _kjk_an mqa hko pn]^]f]`knao mqa u] d]^ ]j na]hev]`k hko pn iepao l]n] na_e) ^en h] lnaop]_e j lkn _kj_alpk `a c]opko `a bqjan]h( p]i^e j lk`n j l]o]n ] _k^n]n oq ]`aq`k ] l]npen `ah .5 `a ]^neh* .D
D@C<E@F
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
.1
P
C_d_ij[h_e ;Z_jeh0 'SBODJTDP (BSEVtP F Xb_Ye cf6c_b[d_eZ_Wh_e$Yec$cn
CÕD?97 =EDPÎB;P
BW YWdY_bb[h FWj_h_Y_W ;if_deiW o bW \kdY_edWh_W [ijWZkd_Z[di[ jhWi Z[ bW h[kd_ d [d bW IH;
7B<H;:E =K;HH;HE%DEJ?C;N
KdW Yec_j_lW Z[b l[Y_de fW i l_i_j feh bW jWhZ[ Wb fh[i_Z[dj[ 9WbZ[h d [d Bei F dei
C n_Ye o ;K WYk[hZWd [cXWj[ W bWi \_dWdpWi Z[ eh]Wd_pWY_ed[i Yh_c_dWb[i
FWYjWd fbWd X_dWY_edWb fWhW J_`kWdW o @k|h[p ;d bW i[]kdZW h[kd_ d Z[b =hkfe Z[ 7bje D_l[b" bW i[Yh[jWh_W Z[
;ijWZe" >_bbWho 9b_djed" WZc_j_ gk[ bW Z[cWdZW Z[ Zhe]Wi o bW YecfhW Z[ WhcWi [d ik fW i ºf[hc_j[d gk[ i[ \WY_b_j[ bW l_eb[dY_W [d C n_Ye» C n_Ye3GXcfdX 8cZ}ekXiX p Cfi\eX C g\q
-
ko ck^eanjko `a I te) _k u Aop]`ko Qje`ko lkj`n j aj i]n_d] lnkcn]i]o lehkpk aj h]o vkj]o bnkjpa) nev]o `a ?eq`]` Fq nav)Ah L]ok u Pefq]j])O]j @eack l]n] bnaj]n h]o ]__ekjao mqa h]o knc]jev]_ekjao `ah _neiaj knc]jev]`k na]hev]j aj aoko _knna`knao* H] hkc ope_] `a ]i^ko lnkcn]i]o oa lh]jpa ] l]npen `a h]o naqjekjao ^eh]pan]hao na]hev]`]o ajpna ajank u ba^nank l]o]`ko( oac j oa `ap]) hh] aj ejbkniao ajpnac]`ko lkn ah _qanlk `elhki pe_k `a Aop]`ko Qje`ko hqack `a h] naqje j mqa ]uan okopqreankj nalnaoajp]jpao `a ao] j]_e j u `a I te_k* Ajpna hko lnej_el]hao k^faperko `ah lnkcn]i] `aop]_] qj] ]_pq]) hev]_e j pa_jkh ce_] l]n] _na]n qj lnk_aok ]qpki]pev]`k `a hh]i]`]o `a aiancaj_e] u `ajqj_e]o ]j ) jei]o7 c]n]jpev]n _kiqje_]_ek) jao oacqn]o7 qj jqark ik`ahk `a ajpnaj]ieajpk lkhe_e]h( u i]ukn _kkn`ej]_e j ajpna lkhe_ ]o l]n] `apa_p]n hko `ahepko Ú j]j_eanko u ah Ú j]j_e]ieajpk `a _ npahao* L]npa `a aopa lnkcn]i] u] oa aj_qajpn] heopk l]n] ajpn]n aj bqj) _ekj]ieajpk( lneiank aj ?eq`]`
(uNF[ .POU Z /BQPMJUBOP TJHOBO BDVFSEPT ;d bW i[]kdZW h[kd_ d Z[ Wbje d_l[b bei ]eX_[h#
dei Z[ C n_Ye o ;ijWZei Kd_Zei ]_kn`]nkj lkjan aj i]n_d] ]__ekjao aj i]pane] `a oacqne`]` u caope j iecn]pkne]( mqa ej_hqua qj lnkcn]i] _kjfqjpk `a lnkpa__e j ] re]fanko* @a ]_qan`k _kj ah iaikn j`qi `a ajpaj`eieajpk Ú ni]`k lkn ah pepqh]n `a Ck^anj]_e j( Banj]j`k C iav Ikjp( u h] oa_nap]ne] `a Oacqne`]` Ejpan) j]( F]jap J]lkhep]jk( aop] hpei] aopn]pace] ^qo_] e`ajpeÚ _]n ] hko l]o]fanko mqa ejpajpaj rkh]n ] Aop]`ko Qje`ko k I te_k qo]j`k `k_qiajp]_e j b]ho] k ]hpan]`]( ]o _kik ] lkoe^hao _neiej]hao mqa lkjc]j aj neaock h] oacqne`]` `a h]o lanokj]o aj ]i^ko h]`ko `a h] bnkjpan]* Fq nav)Ah L]ok u hqack aj ah _knna`kn Pefq]j])O]j @eack* Aj lnej_elek ah lnkcn]i] oa ]lhe) _]n ] aj ?eq`]` Fq nav( ?dedq]dq]7 oej ai^]nck( h] oa_nap]ne] `a Aop]`k( Dehh]nu ?hejpkj( ]jqj_e mqa aj hko lh]jao lehkpk Îl]n] _ki^]pen h] rekhaj_e] bnkjpanev]Ï p]i^e j oa ej_hqua ] Pefq]j]* H] bqj_ekj]ne] aop]`qje`ajoa `ek ] _kjk_an mqa ah lnaoe`ajpa >]n]_g K^]i] okhe_ep ]h ?kjcnaok `a oq l] o 1 ieh 2,, iehhkjao `a ` h]nao l]n] na`q_en h] `ai]j`] `a `nkc] aj Aop]`ko Qje`ko* Aj h] oacqj`] naqje j `ah Cnqlk `a =hpk Jerah( mqa eje_e ]uan ] h]o
Hko bqj_ekj]neko oecj]nkj p]i^e j qj iaik) n j`qi `a _kklan]_e j ok^na ah lnk_ao]ieaj) pk a ejpan_]i^ek `a ejbkni]_e j aj pknjk ] hko iate_]jko mqa r]j ] oan nal]pne]`ko* Aj aopa _]ok ah k^faperk ao _na]n _kj`e_ekjao l]n] lnkraan ejbkni]_e j ok^na naceopnko _neiej]hao `a _kjj]_ekj]hao _kj`aj]`ko lkn `ahepko cn]rao aj Aop]`ko Qje`ko mqa oan j ajre]`ko ] I te_k* C iav Ikjp ]Ú ni mqa ah jqark ejopnqiajpk laniepen eila`en h] cajan]_e j `a _]`aj]o _ne) iej]hao aj ]i^ko l] oao( ejbkni h] Oa_nap]n ] `a Ck^anj]_e j aj qj _kiqje_]`k* C n_Ye34VTBOB )FSOfOEF[
--6-, `a h] i] ]j] aj h] oa`a `a h] _]j_ehhan ]( oa i]jpqrk qj klan]) perk `a oacqne`]` `eo_napk mqa jk k^hec ]h _eanna `a _]hhao k ]raje`]o _khej`]jpao _kj h] Oa_nap]n ] `a Nah]_ekjao Atpaneknao* Bqankj _an_] `a _q]pnk dkn]o `a aj_qajpnk ] lqanp] _ann]`] ajpna bqj_ekj]neko `a ]i^ko l] oao( _k) i]j`]`ko lkn h] oa_nap]ne] Dehh]nu ?hejpkj u h] _]j_ehhan L]pne_e] Aole) jko]( mqeajao aopqreankj ]_kil]) ]`]o `a hko ai^]f]`knao ?]nhko L]o_q]h u =npqnk O]nqgd j* Aj oq iajo]fa( h] bqj_ekj]ne] aop]`qje`ajoa atlnao oq pneopav] lkn ah ]oaoej]pk `a pnao lanokj]o
rej_qh]`]o _kj ah _kjoqh]`k `a Aop]`ko Qje`ko aj ?eq`]` Fq nav( ah l]o]`k -/ `a i]nvk* ÎJqaopnko _kn]vkjao atlhkp]nkj aj hh]jpk lkn hko dkie_e`eko aj ?eq`]` Fq nav( mqa _k^n]nkj h] re`] `a pnao lanokj]o nah]_ekj]`]o _kj jqaopnk _kjoqh]`kÏ( ej`e_ * =`renpe mqa hk je_k mqa nara) h]j `e_dko ]oaoej]pko ao mqa Îokj l]npa `a qj _e_hk i o cn]j`a `a rekhaj_e] u _neiaj mqa d] ei) l]_p]`k `erano]o _kiqje`]`ao aj ]i^ko h]`ko `a h] bnkjpan] u ]hck mqa d] _k^n]`k qj lna_ek oqi]iajpa `khknkok l]n] h]o b]iehe]o ]mq aj I te_kÏ*
P]i^e j ]_alp mqa oq l] o ao _knnaolkjo]^ha `a h] rekhaj_e] ca) jan]`] aj I te_k* ÎO]^aiko mqa h] `ai]j`] `a `nkc]o u h] _kiln] `a ]ni]o d]_aj mqa oa b]_ehepa h] rekhaj_e] aj I te_k* Aop]`ko Qje) `ko d]_a oq l]npa l]n] _ki^]pen aopkÏ( oa ]h ?hejpkj* Lank ]oacqn mqa ]h bej]h `a _qaj) p]o hk eilknp]jpa ao `]n naoqhp]`ko( Îu aj aok oa _kj_ajpn]j jqaopnko lnaoe`ajpao6 mqeanaj ran`]`anko naoqhp]`ko mqa `aneraj aj i]ukn oacqne`]` u i]ukn klknpqje`]` l]n] jqaopnko _eq`]`]jkoÏ* =cnac mqa h] Eje_e]per] I ne`] `a^a atl]j`enoa i o ]hh `a h] oacq) ne`]`( mqa jk `af] `a oan eilknp]jpa* D]u mqa _kjopnqen ejopepq_ekjao( d]_an qj pn]^]fk `a ej_hqoe j l]n] _kiqje`]`ao u ok_ea`]` _ereh( u pn]^]f]n fqjpko l]n] ah `ao]nnkhhk ok_e]h u a_kj ie_k* Aj qj _kjpatpk `a _kklan]_e j( ]i^]o bqj_ekj]ne]o ]jqj_e]nkj h] na]hev]_e j `a qj aopq`ek ^ej]) _ekj]h ok^na _kjoqik `a `nkc]o( ] Ú j `a _kjp]n _kj ejbkni]_e j _kilhap] u _kjÚ ]^ha*
L_i_jW W Bei F_dei Lkn h] p]n`a( ah lnaoe`ajpa Bahela ?]h`an j na_e^e ] Dehh]nu ?hejpkj aj Hko Lejko* =d ah i]j`]p]nek le`e _kj_nap]n h] naolkjo]^ehe`]` `a ]i^ko l] oao aj ah _ki^]pa ]h _neiaj knc]jev]`k* Aola_ Ú _]iajpa oa lnkjqj_e lkn `ao]npe_qh]n hko cnqlko `ahe_) perko( ejpan_alp]n `nkc]o( ]ni]o u `ejank( ]o _kik _kjpnkh]n ah _kjoqik `a aopqlab]_eajpao* Ah aj_qajpnk `qn qj] dkn]( aj h] mqa ah i]j`]p]nek na_kn` mqa Î]jpa h] i]cjepq` `ah napkÏ ao qncajpa mqa ]i^ko l] oao na) `k^haj aobqanvko l]n] _ki^]pen ejpacn]hiajpa ]h _neiaj knc]jev]`k pn]joj]_ekj]h* Aj qj _kiqje_]`k( ?]h`an j na_kjk_e ah _kilnkieok `ah lnaoe`ajpa `a AQ( >]n]_g K^]i]( l]n] bknp]ha_an ah ejpan_]i^ek `a ejbkni]_e j a ejpahecaj_e] u h] _k) klan]_e j ^eh]pan]h* .D
% c_b[d_e$Yec
8kigk[ [b l_Z[e [d0
D@C<E@F
c_Â&#x192;hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
/FHPDJPT @Wdi
;Z_jeh0 )VHP (PO[fMF[ d[]eY_ei$Z\6c_b[d_e$Yec
I F o <_jY^ HWj_d]i f_Z_[hed c[ikhW Wb ]eX_[hde [d [b Y|bYkbe Z[b Yh[Y_c_[dje fWhW (&'&
:_l_iWi :Â&#x152;bWh :Â&#x152;bWh Ă&#x2026;n ;khe B_XhW
9ecfhW L[djW '($*/&+ '($*/(+ '($+(.* ',$-(,, '-$&&,& '.$+'&. '/$&,&&
D_[]W I>9F [nW][hWh [d fh[l_i_Â&#x152;d Z[b F?8 ;b i[Yh[jWh_e Z[ >WY_[dZW" ;hd[ije 9ehZ[he" Wi[]khÂ&#x152; gk[ bW
[ij_cWY_Â&#x152;d fWhW [ij[ WÂ&#x2039;e de [ij| ÂşieXh[Z_c[di_edWZWÂť" fk[i ik fheo[YY_Â&#x152;d Z[ )$/ [i bW c|i YWkjW Z[ jeZWi @K7D 97HBEI <B;?9;H
CÂ&#x192;n_Ye3I\[XZZ`Â?e
Ă&#x2018;dZ_Y[ 7YjkWb ?F9 ))"),'$(- :em @ed[i '&"...$.) I F '"'-*$'- DWiZWg ("*'+$(* 8el[ifW ,/").,$-( BWj_X[n )",//$&& AKE7 <H7=K78 IEH?7D78 978B;9FE =?II7 >E=7H8
LWh$ &$,, &$/+ &$-( &$.) &$+& '$(&
7YY_ed[i 8CL Fh[Y_e LWh$ '($.& ,$,- '&($&& +$'+ ).$-& )$/( (+$&) #(($*. /$/& #)$-/ ''$)/ #)$-)
C[hYWZe Z[ Z_d[he 9[j[i (. ZÂ&#x2021;Wi 9[j[i /' ZÂ&#x2021;Wi 9[j[i '.( ZÂ&#x2021;Wi J??; (. ZÂ&#x2021;Wi K:? B_Xeh Fh_c[ HWj[
*$*, *$,) *$-- *$/*+& *$*)&( fi &$(* )$(+
9ecceZ_j_[i Fh[Y_e LWh CWÂ&#x2021;p ),)$&&& &$&- Jh_]e *.,$&& &$(' 7pÂ&#x2018;YWh ',$+-& #-$'( C[pYbW c[n$ -($.' &$,& Zbi MJ? .'$*, &$*+ Zbi 8h[dj .&$-& &$', Zbi 9[dj[dWh_e ',"&&& #'&& fi Ehe '"'&)$)&& #&$*& Zbi FbWjW ',$/.& #&$&+ Zbi
CWYhe[YedecÂ&#x2021;W F?8 ?L#Jh_c (&&/ ?dĂ&#x2020;WY_Â&#x152;d \[X :[i[cfb[e [d[ H[i[hlWi
;
;
#($) *$.) +$.- /*"/'. cZZ
MĂĄs indicadores en tiempo real en:
milenio.com
.
;
C[hYWZe Xkhi|j_b
Â&#x160;te_k lk`nÂ&#x192; _na_an aopa ]Â&#x2019;k d]op] 0*0 lkn _eajpk( lank ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h jk `a^a at]can]n oq na_qlan]_eÂ&#x201C;j( lqao ah l]Â&#x17D;o jk peaja _kj`e_ekjao l]n] i]jpajan aopa nepik `a _na_eieajpk( okopqrk h] `ena_pkn] `a Neaock Ok^an]jk l]n] =iÂ&#x160;ne_] H]pej] `a h] _knna`qnÂ&#x17D;] Bep_d N]pejco( Odahhu Odappu7 oej ai^]nck( Anjaopk ?kn`a) nk( pepqh]n `a D]_eaj`] jack mqa ah ck^eanjk aopÂ&#x160; ok^na`eiajoekj]j`k ah _Â&#x192;h_qhk* Ă&#x17D;IÂ&#x160;te_k k^re]iajpa aopÂ&#x192; _na_eaj`k( lank uk jk ok^na at]can]nÂ&#x17D;] h] na_qla) n]_eÂ&#x201C;j a_kjÂ&#x201C;ie_] aj ah l]Â&#x17D;o( lqao oa _kjpn]fk 2*1 lkn _eajpk aj .,,5 u qj _na_eieajpk `a 0 aopa ]Â&#x2019;k ao ^qajk( lank jk _kilajo] h] _kjpn]__eÂ&#x201C;jĂ?( `aop]_Â&#x201C; h] aola_e]heop]* Aj oq klejeÂ&#x201C;j( >n]oeh( LanÂ&#x2DC; u L]j]iÂ&#x192; lqa`aj _na_an ]hna`a`kn `a 1 lkn _eajpk `a i]jan] okopaje`]( lank IÂ&#x160;te_k ]Â&#x2DC;j jk aopÂ&#x192; ^]fk aopa ao_aj]nek* Ă&#x17D;Aj aopa ikiajpk oajpeiko mqa hko lnkola_pko l]n] nabkni]o Ă&#x161;o_]hao jk oa raj p]j ^nehh]jpao `qn]jpa ah naopk `a h] ]`iejeopn]_eÂ&#x201C;j ]_pq]hĂ?( `aop]_Â&#x201C;* H] `ena_per] okopqrk mqa IÂ&#x160;te_k oacqenÂ&#x192; `alaj`eaj`k `a h] na_qlan]_eÂ&#x201C;j aop]`qje`ajoa( h] _q]h( na_]h_Â&#x201C;( oanÂ&#x192; iqu hajp]( `a^e`k ] h] _]qpah] mqa lnar]ha_a aj aoa l]Â&#x17D;o( l]n] napki]n hko jerahao `a _kjoqik mqa oa pajÂ&#x17D;]j lnareko ] h] na_aoeÂ&#x201C;j* =oacqnÂ&#x201C; mqa oe ^eaj h]o ]__ekjao `a ck^eanjk _kjpn] ah _neiaj knc]jev]`k nalnaoajp]j i]h]o jkpe_e]o l]n] hko ejranoekjeop]o( `ao_]npÂ&#x201C; mqa IÂ&#x160;te_k oa] qj Aop]`k b]hhe`k( k mqa d]u]j oe`k eil]_p]`ko hko Ă&#x203A;qfko `a ejranoeÂ&#x201C;j aj ah l]Â&#x17D;o* RÂ&#x17D;_pkn I]jqah Dannan]( `ena_pkn cajan]h `a Op]j`]n` " Lkkn§o IÂ&#x160;te_k( _kej_e`eÂ&#x201C; aj mqa IÂ&#x160;te_k aopÂ&#x192; heiep]`k ] _na_an ajpna .*1 u / lkn _eajpk( `a _kj) pejq]n lkopanc]j`k nabkni]o _kik h] Ă&#x161;o_]h( h] ajancÂ&#x160;pe_] u h] h]^kn]h* Ă&#x17D;Jk h]o `ao_]npk( lank jk rak ej) _ajperkoĂ? l]n] _kj_nap]nh]o `a ]mqÂ&#x17D; ]h .,-.( lqao h]o nabkni]o ]ba_p]nÂ&#x17D;]j ejpanaoao a_kjÂ&#x201C;ie_ko u hko l]npe`ko lkhÂ&#x17D;pe_ko jk oa ]nneaoc]nÂ&#x192;j ] lan`an rkpko* Na_kn`Â&#x201C; mqa h] _]heĂ&#x161;_]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a O"L ok^na IÂ&#x160;te_k $>>>+=% ao h] jkp] iÂ&#x192;o ]hp] `ah oqn `ah _kjpejajpa u naĂ&#x203A;af] qj] lanola_per] aop]^ha( oej ai^]nck na_kjk_eÂ&#x201C; mqa h] lnak_ql]_eÂ&#x201C;j aopÂ&#x192; `ah h]`k Ă&#x161;o_]h( lqao `a h]o -., _]heĂ&#x161;_]) _ekjao ok^an]j]o mqa _q^naj( IÂ&#x160;te_k k_ql] ah Â&#x2DC;hpeik oepek aj i]pane] `a
_]lp]_eÂ&#x201C;j eilkoeper]( Ă&#x17D;oÂ&#x201C;hk _kilepa _kj Ah O]hr]`kn lkn aoa hqc]nĂ?* =`renpeÂ&#x201C; mqa ah i]ukn neaock aj aopa ikiajpk ao mqa h] na_qlan]) _eÂ&#x201C;j `a h] a_kjkiÂ&#x17D;] aop]`qje`ajoa oa `ao]_ahana k pkia iÂ&#x192;o peailk `a hk aopei]`k* Dannan] `ap]hhÂ&#x201C; mqa aopa b]_pkn ao) p]nÂ&#x192; h]pajpa d]op] h] oacqj`] iep]` `ah ]Â&#x2019;k( l]o]`k aoa lanek`k Ă&#x17D;lk`nÂ&#x17D;]iko aop]n iÂ&#x192;o klpeieop]oĂ?* H] na]jei]_eÂ&#x201C;j pki]nÂ&#x192; qj _]q_a iÂ&#x192;o _kj_napk( lqao aj Aop]`ko Qje`ko d]u ejranoekjao aj ejbn]aopnq_pqn] ]pkn]`]o( lank qj] rav napki]`]o( `]nÂ&#x192;j qj eilqhok ]`e_ekj]h ]h LE> `a aoa l]Â&#x17D;o( u oa naĂ&#x203A;af]nÂ&#x192; aj ah ian_]`k ejpanjk* P]jpk Bep_d _kik O"L jk reohqi^n]j lnaoekjao l]n] ^]f]n h] _]heĂ&#x161;_]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a IÂ&#x160;te_k( lqao aj ah _knpk lh]vk oq lano) la_per] `a na_qlan]_eÂ&#x201C;j lnaoajp] qj ^qaj jerah `a naoanr]o( aop]^ehev]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a hko lna_eko `ah lapnÂ&#x201C;hak aj ah ian_]`k ejpanj]_ekj]h mqa ]oacqn]j na_qnoko a_kjÂ&#x201C;ie_ko l]n] ah ck^eanjk* Jk k^op]jpa( l]n] ]i^]o _]heĂ&#x161;_]) `kn]o h] cn]j ej_Â&#x201C;cjep] ao o]^an mqÂ&#x160; l]o]nÂ&#x192; aj i]pane] `a nabkni]o*
FhedÂ&#x152;ij_Ye Yedi[hlWZeh0 I>9F Lkn oal]n]`k( ah oa_nap]nek `a D]) _eaj`] u ?nÂ&#x160;`epk LÂ&#x2DC;^he_k( Anjaopk ?kn`ank( ]oacqnÂ&#x201C; mqa h] aopei]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a _na_eieajpk a_kjÂ&#x201C;ie_k lkn l]npa `ah ck^eanjk iate_]jk aj aopa ]Â&#x2019;k jk aopÂ&#x192; ok^na`eiajoekj]`]( lqao ej_hqok ao h] iÂ&#x192;o _]qp] `a pk`]o h]o lnkua__ekjao*
Aj _kjbanaj_e] `a lnajo] u aj _kil]Â&#x2019;Â&#x17D;] `ah lnaoe`ajpa `ah >]j_k Ejpan]iane_]jk `a @ao]nnkhhk $>E@%( Hqeo =h^anpk Iknajk( ah naolkjo]^ha `a h]o Ă&#x161;j]jv]o lÂ&#x2DC;^he_]o okopqrk mqa ah LE> mqa ]jpe_el]j aopÂ&#x192; aj qj jerah _kjoanr]`kn `a /*5!( ieajpn]o mqa kpn]o ejopepq_ekjao _]h_qh]j d]op] 1!* H] _]hebe_]`kn] aop]`qje`ajoa Bep_d oaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C; mqa ah ck^eanjk iate_]jk jk `a^a at]can]n h]o atla_p]per]o `a _na_eieajpk a_kjÂ&#x201C;ie_k( lqao jk oa ra _Â&#x201C;ik i]jpajc] ah nepik aj ah _knpk lh]vk _kj h] ]qoaj_e] `a nabkni]o aopnq_pqn]hao* Ă&#x17D;?kej_e`k _kilhap]iajpa _kj h] _]heĂ&#x161;_]`kn]( ah jqaopnk ao ah lnkjÂ&#x201C;ope_k iÂ&#x192;o ^]fk( okiko hko iÂ&#x192;o _kjoanr]`k) nao _kj qj] p]o] `a _na_eieajpk `a /*5 lkn _eajpk( ah ck^eanjk iate_]jk jk ok^na`eiajoekj] h] aopei]_eÂ&#x201C;jĂ?( _kiajpÂ&#x201C;* ?kn`ank ]`iepeÂ&#x201C; mqa ]qj ]oÂ&#x17D;( h] na]_per]_eÂ&#x201C;j lnk`q_per] `ah l]Â&#x17D;o `a) laj`anÂ&#x192; iq_dk `a b]_pknao atpanjko( lkn hk _q]h( ]qj _q]j`k ]j]heop]o iqao) pnaj qj i]ukn klpeieoik( ah ck^eanjk lnaĂ&#x161;ana i]jpajanoa _kj qj _nepanek iÂ&#x192;o _kjoanr]`kn* Oej ai^]nck( Ă&#x17D;IÂ&#x160;te_k jk peaja ^ki^]o `a peailk aj ah _hÂ&#x201C;oap u aok d]_a mqa h] a_kjkiÂ&#x17D;] `kiÂ&#x160;ope_] oa `eopejc] `a iq_d]o kpn]o( jqaopnk lnklÂ&#x201C;oepk ao i]jpajan h] okhe`av `a h] i]_nka_kjkiÂ&#x17D;]Ă?* Ah bqj_ekj]nek na_kn`Â&#x201C; mqa h] na_q) lan]_eÂ&#x201C;j a_kjÂ&#x201C;ie_] ao _h]n] u bn]j_]( lank `efk mqa lk`nÂ&#x17D;] oan oqlanekn oe oa ]r]jv]n] aj ah pai] `a h]o nabkni]o ao)
pnq_pqn]hao laj`eajpao( hk _q]h ]ilhe]nÂ&#x17D;] ah i]ncaj `a _na_eieajpk d]op] 3!* Ă&#x17D;Oa pn]p] aopa( `a qj ]Â&#x2019;k _kilhe_]`k lkn hko -. lnk_aoko aha_pkn]hao aj i]pane] `a ck^anj]`kn u lnaoe`ajpa iqje_el]h( hk mqa lkja `eĂ&#x161;_qhp]`ao aj _q]hmqean jack_e]_eÂ&#x201C;j lkhÂ&#x17D;pe_]Ă?( ]_alpÂ&#x201C;* @aolqÂ&#x160;o `a _h]qoqn]n h] 1- =o]i) ^ha] `a ck^anj]`knao `ah >E@( ?kn) `ank =nnkuk _kiajpÂ&#x201C; mqa pn]^]f]j aj qj] eje_e]per] mqa lq`ean] pajan h] i]ukn ]_alp]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a h] i]uknÂ&#x17D;] l]n] oan ]lnk^]`] lkn ah ?kjcnaok* Oej ai^]nck( ]oacqnÂ&#x201C; mqa Â&#x160;opa jk oanÂ&#x192; qj ]Â&#x2019;k lan`e`k oe jk d]u nabkni] Ă&#x161;o_]h( lqao oe Â&#x160;o] bqan] h] _kj`e_eÂ&#x201C;j( Ă&#x17D;d]^nÂ&#x17D;] lk_ko ]Â&#x2019;ko mqa bqan]j c]j]`koĂ?* Ah pepqh]n `a D]_eaj`] oaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C; mqa h] re]^ehe`]` `a h] nabkni] Ă&#x161;o_]h `alaj) `anÂ&#x192; `a h] naolkjo]^ehe`]` _kj h] mqa ah ?kjcnaok ajbnajpa aoa _kilnkieok( lank ]cnacÂ&#x201C; mqa h]o Ă&#x161;j]jv]o lÂ&#x2DC;^he_]o c]n]jpev]j h] okhraj_e] `ah i]jafk lnaoqlqaop]h _kj k oej h] eje_e]per]* Ă&#x17D;Aok d]_a mqa IÂ&#x160;te_k oa] qj ^qaj l]Â&#x17D;o l]n] ejranpen( hk mqa oa naĂ&#x203A;af] aj hko Ă&#x203A;qfko `a ejranoeÂ&#x201C;j mqa d]j hhac]`k aj h]o Â&#x2DC;hpei]o oai]j]o( u d]u mqa ]_pq]n _kj naolkjo]^ehe`]` l]n] ]`iejeopn]n aoko na_qnoko mqa ajpn]jĂ?( ]lqjpÂ&#x201C;* Lkn Â&#x2DC;hpeik( ah p]i^eÂ&#x160;j lnaoe`ajpa `a h] fqjp] `a ck^anj]`knao `ah >E@ _kiajpÂ&#x201C; mqa ao ja_ao]nek ]r]jv]n aj qj] nabkni] ]`iejeopn]per] mqa ha laniep] ] h] a_kjkiÂ&#x17D;] iate_]j] naokhran u oqlan]n hko _qahhko `a ^kpahh] mqa bnaj]j ah `ao]nnkhhk `ah ]l]n]pk lnk`q__perk* .D
D@C<E@F
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
'SPOUFSBT
;Z_jeh[i0 *SFOF 4FMTFS )PSBDJP #FTTPO \hedj[hWi6c_b[d_eZ_Wh_e$Yec$cn
;ijWZei Kd_Zei$ ;b 9ed]h[ie Y_[hhW \_bWi Yed D[jWdoW^k
BW Yebed_pWY_ d Z[ @[hkiWb d i_]k[ Bk[]e Z[ kdW h[kd_ d Z[ /& c_dkjei" o jhWi h[Y_X_h [b [ifWbZWhWpe
Z[b 9Wf_jeb_e" [b b Z[h _ihW[b 8[d`Wc_d D[jWdoW^k h[_j[h iki fbWd[i Z[ Yebed_pWh [b i[Yjeh ;ij[ Z[ @[hkiWb d" f[i[ Wb h[Y^Wpe Z[ >_bbWho 9b_djed @?C BE I97BPE%;<;
MWi^_d]jed38^\eZ`Xj
&
h lneian iejeopnk eon]ah >ajf]iej Jap]ju]dq ]hv ah pkjk ]uan ] _]qo] `a Fanqo]h j( ]h ]`ranpen mqa h]o `ai]j`]o `a h] ]`iejeopn]_e j `a >]n]_g K^]i] `a _kjcah]n hko ]oajp]ieajpko fq` ko `aikn]n ]j h]o _kjrano]_ekjao `a l]v Îlkn qj ] kÏ* Jap]ju]dq `af h] ?]o] >h]j_] pn]o qj] reoep] `a pnao dkn]o ] h] naoe`aj_e] lnaoe`aj_e]h( mqa ej_hqu 5, iejqpko `a naqje j _kj K^]i]( ] h] mqa jk ]__a`e h] lnajo]* Aj `a_h]n]_ekjao lnare]o( Ja) p]ju]dq ]`renpe mqa oe Aop]`ko Qje`ko Î]lku]^] h]o `ai]j`]o lk_k n]vkj]^hao `a hko l]haope) jko ok^na ah _kjcah]ieajpk `a h] _kjopnq__e j aj Fanqo]h j( ah lnk_aok lkh pe_k _knna ah neaock `a ^hkmqa]noa `qn]jpa qj ] kÏ* Ieajpn]o hko i]j`]p]neko ao) p]^]j naqje`ko( h] lnajo] eon]ah `ebqj`e mqa h] iqje_el]he`]` `a Fanqo]h j d]^ ] `]`k h] hqv ran`a l]n] `aikhan ah dkpah Odlaldan`( aj ah ^]nnek l]haopejk `a Odaef F]nn]d( aj Fanqo]h j Aopa( ]jat]`k lkn Eon]ah aj -54, laoa ] h] klkoe_e j `a h] _kiqje`]` ejpanj]_ekj]h* Ah lnkua_pk h]jv]`k lkn ah iehhk) j]nek Enrejc Ikogksepv( mqa bej]j_e] ] ]ok_e]_ekjao qhpn]j]_ekj]heop]o( lnapaj`a ejop]h]n ] eon]ah ao aj ^]) nneko n]^ao `a Fanqo]h j Aopa( mqa oac j `eolqok h] KJQ aj -504 oa neca ^]fk ah _kjpnkh l]haopejk* @a _kjÚni]noa h] jkpe_e] naok) j]n _kik qj a_k `ah ej_e`ajpa
;b fh[c_[h _ihW[b i[]kdZe iWbkZW W bei i[dWZeh[i IY^kc[h" Bk]Wh o B[l_d Wo[h [d [b 9Wf_jeb_e `ao]p]`k d]_a `ko oai]j]o( mqa _]qo qj nk_a `elhki pe_k ajpna Eon]ah u AQ( _q]j`k oa ]jqj_e h] _kjopnq__e j `a ieh 2,, rereaj`]o l]n] eon]ah ao aj Fanqo]h j Aopa( aj lhaj] reoep] `ah re_alnaoe`ajpa `a AQ Fka >e`aj ] Kneajpa Ia`ek* Ajpkj_ao S]odejcpkj _kj`aj h] eje_e]per] u `efk mqa jk o hk an] jab]op] l]n] h] l]v( oejk l]n] h] _na`e^ehe`]` `a oqo aobqanvko ] bej `a na_qlan]n h] _kjÚ]jv] `ah iqj`k n]^a u ]eoh]n ]h ck^eanjk `a En j( ajaieck `a_h]n]`k `a Eon]ah* ÎAh lqa^hk fq` k _kjopnqu Fanqo]h j d]_a /*,,, ] ko u ah
lqa^hk fq` k _kjopnqua Fanqo]h j dkuÏ( `efk Jap]ju]dq ah hqjao ]jpa h] =iane_]j Eon]ah Lq^he_ =bb]eno ?kiieppaa $=EL=?%( ah lnej_el]h cnqlk `a lnaoe j lnk)eon]ah aop]) `qje`ajoa6 ÎFanqo]h j jk ao qj] _khkje]* Ao jqaopn] _]lep]hÏ* Ah `ao]ena ]h re_alnaoe`ajpa >e) `aj ajbnajp `a ik`k iqu lk_k `elhki pe_k ] h] oa_nap]ne] `a Aop]`k( Dehh]nu ?hejpkj( _kj Jap]ju]dq aj qj] _kjrano]_e j pahab je_]* Lk_k ]jpao( ?hejpkj `efk mqa h] _kjopnq__e j `a rereaj`]o Îok_]r]Ï h] _na`e^ehe`]` `a AQ _kik ia`e]`kn* ?kik naolqaop] ] h]o `a_h]n])
;K$ 7dj[i Z[ [djhWh [d l_]eh" bW b[o oW [hW Yk[ij_edWZW
EXWcW fheckb]W h[\ehcW Z[ IWbkZ gk[ ºWXh[ dk[lW [hW» MWi^_d]jed38^\eZ`Xj
&
h lnaoe`ajpa `a Aop]`ko Qje) `ko >]n]_g K^]i]( lnkiqhc ]uan qj] nabkni] `ah oeopa) i] `a o]hq` mqa ^qo_] atpaj`an h] _k^anpqn] ] /. iehhkjao `a aop]`q) je`ajoao ]`e_ekj]hao( ]oacqn]j`k
mqa h] jqar] haceoh]_e j ]^na qj] Îjqar] an] aj AQÏ* ÎH] hau mqa aopku Úni]j`k lkj) `n aj i]n_d] nabkni]o lkn h]o mqa laha]nkj u i]n_d]nkj cajan]_ekjao `a aop]`qje`ajoaoÏ( ]oacqn K^]i] aj ia`ek `a ]lh]qoko u r pknao `a l]nh]iajp]neko `ai _n]p]o u ieai)
^nko `a oq ]`iejeopn]_e j* Aj qj dkiaj]fa ] oqo _kh]^kn]) `knao u haceoh]`knao mqa ]lnk^]nkj ah `kiejck ah patpk( `aolq o `a qj ] k `a ]n`qko `a^]pao( K^]i] devk nabanaj_e] ] oqo lna`a_aoknao mqa aj r]jk ejpajp]nkj mqa oa ]lnk^]) n] h] nabkni] `ah oeopai] `a o]hq`(
_ekjao `a Jap]ju]dq aj h] =EL=?( ah rk_ank `a h] kÚ_ej] `a ?hejpkj( Ldehhel ?nkshau naepan mqa ah aop]) pqpk Új]h `a Fanqo]h j o hk oa lk`n Úf]n aj jack_e]_ekjao `ena_p]o _kj hko l]haopejko* Lkn h] i] ]j]( ah h `an eon]ah ( Újk _kjk_a`kn `a h] lkh pe_] ao) p]`qje`ajoa( na_e^e ah ]lkuk `ah ?]lepkhek* H] lnaoe`ajp] `a h] ? i]n] ^]f]( h] `ai _n]p] J]j_u Lahkoe( `efk mqa Îaj ?kjcnaok aop]iko fqjpk ] Eon]ah* Ao qj lqjpk ok^na ah _q]h pajaiko qj _kilnkieok mqa aop i o ]hh `a h]o `erancaj_e]o l]npe`]ne]oÏ* .D
`ao`a Pdak`kna Nkkoarahp d]op] >ehh ?hejpkj( _qu] aolko]( Dehh]nu ?hejpkj ao oa_nap]ne] `a Aop]`k `ah ]_pq]h ck^eanjk* Ah `eo_qnok `a K^]i] _k^n qj pkjk `a _]il] ] _q]j`k ark_ h]o `eolkoe_ekjao `ah patpk mqa ajpn]^]j aj recaj_e] ] l]npen `a aopa ] k( aj ah mqa l]n] jkreai^na p]i^e j oa lanÚh]j aha__ekjao haceoh]per]o* ÎJk okiko qj l] o mqa na`q_a oqo ]olen]_ekjao $***% Okiko qj l] o mqa ajbnajp] h]o `eÚ_qhp]`ao u ]_alp] oqo naolkjo]^ehe`]`ao $***% Bknf]iko jqaopnk lnklek `aopejkÏ( `efk* Jk k^op]jpa( ]jpao `a ajpn]n aj reckn( h] hau u] an] _qaopekj]`] p]jpk aj
=8$ ?dl[ij_]WY_ d
;nfkbiWd W Z_fbec|j_Ye feh Yh_c[d [d :kXW_ BedZh[i38^\eZ`Xj
(
n]j >nap] ] ]jqj_e ]uan h] atlqhoe j `a qj `elhk) i pe_k eon]ah ]hac]j`k mqa d]^ ] În]vkjao _kjrej_ajpaoÏ l]n] d]_an Înaolkjo]^haÏ ] Eon]ah `ah Îejpkhan]^haÏ qok `a l]o]lknpao ^nep je_ko b]hoko aj ah ]oaoej]pk `a qj `enecajpa `a D]i]o ah l]o]`k iao `a ajank aj @q^]e* ÎD]u n]vkjao _kjrej_ajpao l]n] _naan mqa Eon]ah bqa naolkjo]^ha `ah qok ej_knna_pk `a l]o]lkn) pao ^nep je_ko $***% Aopa i]h qok ao ejpkhan]^haÏ( `a_h]n ah iejeopnk `a Nah]_ekjao Atpaneknao( @]re` Iehe^]j`( aj qj] `a_h]n]_e j ]jpa hko ?kiqjao( h] _ i]n] ^]f] `ah l]nh]iajpk ^nep je_k* ÎDa la`e`k mqa qj ieai^nk `a h] ai^]f]`] `a Eon]ah oa i]n_da `a Cn]j >nap] ] _kik naoqhp]`k `a aopa ]oqjpkÏ( ]cnac Iehe^]j` oej `]n jejc j `ap]hha ok^na h] e`aj) pe`]` k ah _]nck `ah `elhki pe_k* Qj lknp]rkv `a @ksjejc Opnaap lna_eo lkopanekniajpa mqa opa paj ] `ko oai]j]o l]n] ]^]j`k) j]n ah l] o* Lkn oq l]npa( oac j ah faba `a h] `elhki]_e] eon]ah ( =rec`kn Hea^an) i]j( Hkj`nao jk d] oqiejeopn]`k lnqa^]o* ÎJk oa jko d] pn]joiepe`k lnqa^] ]hcqj] ok^na h] eilhe_]_e j eon]ah aj aopa _]okÏ( ]Úni aj qj _kiqje_]`k* Ah ]jqj_ek oa lnk`qfk ]h ` ] oe) cqeajpa `a mqa ah ai^]f]`kn `a Eon]ah aj Cn]j >nap] ]( Nkj Lnkokn( bqan] _kjrk_]`k aj ah iejeopanek( `kj`a oa ha _kiqje_]nkj hko naoqh) p]`ko `a h] ejraopec]_e j na]hev]`] lkn h] =caj_e] _kjpn] ah ?neiaj Knc]jev]`k $OK?= lkn oqo oech]o aj ejch o%* Aj Eon]ah( qj naolkjo]^ha mqa atece ah ]jkjei]pk ejbkni lkopanekniajpa mqa oq l] o jk naolkj`an ] _kj kpn] atlqhoe j* ÎH] lnekne`]` ]_pq]h ao _]hi]n ah fqackÏ( `a_h]n * .D
ah lh]jk fqn `e_k _kik lkh pe_k* Hko nalq^he_]jko aopei]j mqa h] nabkni] eilhe_] qj _kopk iqu ahar]`k u qj] pki] `a _kjpnkh `ah oeopai] `a o]hq` lkn l]npa `ah Aop]`k* =`ai o( -0 aop]`ko na`]_p]nkj qj] `ai]j`] fq`e_e]h _kjpn] h] nabkni] `a o]hq`( mqa peh`]j `a ej_kjopepq_ek) j]h ]h k^hec]n ] hko aop]`kqje`ajoao ] oqo_ne^en qj oacqnk `a o]hq`( hk mqa aopei]j mqa ]pajp] _kjpn] hko `ana_dko _kjopepq_ekj]hao `a hko _eq`]`]jko* .D
% c_b[d_e$Yec
8kigk[ [b l_Z[e [d0
D@C<E@F
c_Â&#x192;hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
5FOEFODJBT
j[dZ[dY_Wi6c_b[d_e$Yec
P YbWhWXeoW D?yE 9ED )' :;:EI
Pi_Y$$$ 9>?D7 :7?BO%H;KJ;HI
Kd d_Â&#x2039;e Z[ , WÂ&#x2039;ei" [d 9^_dW" j_[d[ kd jejWb Z[ )' Z[Zei ', [d bei f_[i o '+ [d bWi cWdei kde _dYecfb[je gk[ iWb[ Z[b fkb]Wh Z[h[Y^e $ 8Wj[ [b hÂ&#x192;YehZ ckdZ_Wb gk[ j[dÂ&#x2021;Wd Zei d_Â&#x2039;ei Z[ ?dZ_W Yed (+ Z[Zei$
Â&#x2030;$PNP DVBMRVJFS QBESF RVF IB MMFWBEP B TV IJKP B VO GFTUJWBM TBCFNPT FYBDUBNFO UF DuNP FT 5F FODBOUB UFOFS B UVT IJKPT BMMp QFSP JODMVTP FM QBESF NfT EFEJDBEP OFDFTJUB VO EFTDBOTP B WFDFTÂ&#x160; B_iW C[hh_Ya#BWmb[ii" Ye\kdZWZehW Z[ 8ekj_gk[ 8WXoi_jj_d]"
kd i[hl_Y_e fWhW gk[ bei fWZh[i [dYWh]k[d W iki ^_`ei [d kdW pedW _d\Wdj_b Z[djhe Z[ bei YedY_[hjei cWi_lei [d ?d]bWj[hhW$
P l[djWdW NJM ZÂ&#x152;bWh[i fW]Â&#x152; ?b[d_W Ceh[jj_" kdW _jWb_WdW Z[ '/ WÂ&#x2039;ei" W kd Wi[i_de fWhW gk[ cWjWhW W ik fWZh[ HeZeb\e" WfWh[dj[c[dj[ Yed [b Yedi[dj_c_[dje Z[ ik cWZh[$ BW `el[d Z_`e W bWi Wkjeh_ZWZ[i gk[ de feZÂ&#x2021;W i[]k_h iefehjWdZe [b jhWje ZÂ&#x192;ifejW Z[ ik fhe][d_jeh$
@K7D 97HBEI <B;?9;H
P YbWl[i ;d [b ckdZe 9;d fhec[Z_e" bWi dWY_ed[i Z[i# j_dWd W bW Wj[dY_Â&#x152;d Z[ [d\[hc[# ZWZ[i h[bWY_edWZWi Yed [b Y_]Whhe [djh[ , o '+ Z[ ik ]Wije WdkWb [d iWbkZ$
9Bei fWÂ&#x2021;i[i [d Z[iWhhebbe Z[ 7cÂ&#x192;h_YW BWj_dW f_[hZ[d feh bei Yeijei Z[ Wj[dY_Â&#x152;d cÂ&#x192;Z_YW Z[b jWXWgk_ice [djh[ &$) o &$*) Z[ ik fheZkYje _dj[hde Xhkje$
97 [iYWbW ]beXWb" [d Wj[dY_Â&#x152;d Z[ WZ_Yjei Wb jWXWYe" i[ [ij_cW kdW \k]W Z[ +&& c_b c_bbed[i ZÂ&#x152;bWh[i" be gk[ ikf[hW [b ]Wije WdkWb jejWb gk[ Z[ij_dWd W iWbkZ jeZWi bWi dWY_ed[i Z[ XW`ei o c[Z_Wdei h[Ykhiei$ CÂ&#x192;n_Ye39cXeZX MXcX[\q
"
_pq]hiajpa h] na) _]q`]_eÂ&#x201C;j lkn ah Eilqaopk Aola_e]h Ok^na Lnk`q__eÂ&#x201C;j u Oanre_eko $EALO% `a h]o _]fapehh]o `a _ec]nnko ao iajkn ] .1 ieh iehhkjao `a laoko ]jq]hao u jk _q^na ah Ă&#x17D;^kmqapaĂ? mqa cajan] ah pn]p]n h]o ajbania`]`ao _nÂ&#x201C;je_]o ]ok_e]`]o ]h p]^]mqeoik( mqa oa q^e_]j iqu lkn ]nne^] `a hko 01 ieh iehhkjao* Ah oaj]`kn Anjaopk O]nk ejbkniÂ&#x201C; mqa haceoh]`knao `a pk`ko hko l]npe) `ko( `a ]i^]o _Â&#x192;i]n]o( _]^eh`a]j h] lkoe^ehe`]` `a aba_pq]n qj] nabkni] ] h] Hau `a Ejcnaoko ] aba_pk `a mqa ah eilqaopk ]`e_ekj]h ]h p]^]_k( oacÂ&#x2DC;j oqo _Â&#x192;h_qhko( cajana qj] na_]q`]_eÂ&#x201C;j ]`e_ekj]h `a ., ieh iehhkjao `a laoko u oa apemqapaj aoko na_qnoko `a i]jan] `ena_p] ] h]o ajbania`]`ao _]qo]`]o lkn ah p]^]mqeoik* O]nk naĂ&#x161;neÂ&#x201C; mqa h] lnklqaop] _kjoeopa aj ej_naiajp]n `a -2, ] -4, lkn _eajpk ah EALO r]ne]^ha u `a -, _ajp]rko ] 0, _ajp]rko _]`] _ec]nnehhk aj h] l]npa Ă&#x161;f]( ]`aiÂ&#x192;o `a mqa aheiej]nÂ&#x17D;]j `a h] hau ah lh]vk ]_pq]h `a pnao ]Â&#x2019;ko l]n] ]qiajp]n hko lna_eko* Ă&#x17D;OecjeĂ&#x161;_] oq^en `a 2 ] 4 laoko h] _]fapehh] _kj ., _ec]nnkoĂ?( lna_eoÂ&#x201C; ah haceoh]`kn pn]o nabanen mqa p]i^eÂ&#x160;j oa ]r]jv]nÂ&#x192; l]n] mqa _]`] ]`e_pk _kjbknia oq lnklek bkj`k l]n] pn]p]n h]o ajbania`]`ao mqa ha k_]oekj]nÂ&#x192; aj ah bqpqnk ah p]^]_k* =uan( ah Ejopepqpk J]_ekj]h `a O]) hq` LÂ&#x2DC;^he_] lnaoajpÂ&#x201C; ] `ap]hha lkn lneian] rav qj aopq`ek _eajpÂ&#x17D;Ă&#x161;_k ok^na hko _kopko mqa nalnaoajp] ah p]^]mqeoik l]n] IÂ&#x160;te_k( _kjoe`a) n]j`k hko `]pko lnklkn_ekj]`ko lkn hko ejopepqpko j]_ekj]hao `a Ajban)
BW h[YWkZWY_Â&#x152;d WYjkWb feh ?;FI Wf[dWi WbYWdpW (& c_b c_bbed[i o de [ij| [j_gk[jWZW
JWXWgk_ice Yk[ijW *+ c_b cZf Wb WÂ&#x2039;e 9ed [b Ă&#x2026;d Z[ h[Ykf[hWh bWi fÂ&#x192;hZ_ZWi gk[ YWkiW bW WZ_YY_Â&#x152;d Wb Y_]Whhe [d [b i_ij[cW Z[ iWbkZ c[n_YWde" bei b[]_ibWZeh[i fh[i[djWh|d kdW _d_Y_Wj_lW fWhW _dYh[c[djWh bei _cfk[ijei ^WijW [d . f[iei feh YW`[j_bbW ia`]`ao Naolen]pkne]o $EJAN%( `a ?]n`ekhkcÂ&#x17D;] $Ej_]n%( `a JaqnkhkcÂ&#x17D;] $EJJ% u ?]j_ankhkcÂ&#x17D;] $Ej_]j%( ej_hq) uaj`k ]h EIOO u h] Oa`aj]* @e_dk aopq`ek nalknpÂ&#x201C; mqa hko _kopko ]jq]hao `a ]paj_eÂ&#x201C;j iÂ&#x160;`e_] ]pne^qe^hao ]h _kjoqik ]_perk `a p]^]_k l]n] .,,5 oa aopei]j d]op] aj 01 ieh iehhkjao aj ah ao_aj]nek iÂ&#x192;o laoeieop]* =`aiÂ&#x192;o( ]`reanpaj( aopko _Â&#x192;h_qhko _]na_aj `a hko `]pko `ah EOOOPA u aop]j da_dko _kj oÂ&#x201C;hk _q]pnk `a h]o 4, ajbania`]`ao ]ok_e]`]o ]h p]^]) mqeoik( lkn hk mqa ah _kopk `a aopa i]h aj ah oeopai] `a o]hq` `a^a oan ]Â&#x2DC;j i]ukn `a hk mqa aopei]nkj* Ah EJAN( l]n] pn]p]n h] Ajbania) `]` Lqhikj]n K^opnq_per] ?nÂ&#x201C;je_] $ALK?% aj .,,5( ankcÂ&#x201C; iÂ&#x192;o `a 1. iehhkjao `a laoko( `a hko _q]hao _]oe /2 iehhkjao okj ]pne^qe^hao ]h _kjoqik `a p]^]_k*
Ah Ej_]n ]paj`eÂ&#x201C; ieh 11, _]oko lkn lneian] rav `a ejb]npk ]cq`k `ah iek_]n`ek $E=I%( _quk _kopk oecjeĂ&#x161;_Â&#x201C; /., iehhkjao `a laoko( `ko pan_an]o l]npao `a aopa c]opk l]n] ]paj`an ] hko bqi]`knao* Ah Ejopepqpk J]_ekj]h `a ?]j_ank) hkcÂ&#x17D;] naceopnÂ&#x201C; .,5 _]oko `a lneian] rav _kj _Â&#x192;j_an `a lqhiÂ&#x201C;j $?L%( u `a hko 03/*3 iehhkjao mqa `aopejÂ&#x201C; ] oq pn]p]ieajpk( /-. *2 iehhkjao oa `eneceankj ] ]`e_pko ]h p]^]_k* Aj ah EJJ( oa ]paj`eankj .53 _]oko _kj ajbania`]` _ana^nkr]o_qh]n( hk mqa `anerÂ&#x201C; aj qj] ankc]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a -.*3 iehhkjao aj bqi]`knao( ao `a_en( h] iep]` `a oq c]opk pkp]h* H] Oa`aj] nalknpÂ&#x201C; mqa ah ]Â&#x2019;k l]o]`k ejrenpeÂ&#x201C; _]oe -2, iehhkjao aj h]o _q]pnk ajbania`]`ao( `a hko _q]hao iÂ&#x192;o `a 53 iehhkjao okj ]pne^qe^hao ]h p]^]_k* = hko _kopko lkn pn]p]ieajpk oa
oqi]j h]o lan`e`]o `a lnk`q_pere) `]` lkn ej_]l]_e`]`ao mqa naceo) pnÂ&#x201C; ah EIOO u mqa okj ]pne^qe^hao ] aop]o _q]pnk ajbania`]`ao lkn p]^]mqeoik* Ajpna .,,2 u .,,5 aopko _kopko ej`ena_pko oa lnaoaj) p]nkj `a h] oecqeajpa i]jan]6 lkn _Â&#x192;j_an lqhikj]n d]op] ieh 5/2 iehhkjao7 lkn A?R `a -- ieh ] -. ieh iehhkjao7 lkn ALK? `a 0 ieh ] _]oe 2 ieh iehhkjao( u lkn E=I d]op] 1- ieh iehhkjao `a laoko* Knc]jev]_ekjao _erehao ejbkni]) nkj mqa aj IÂ&#x160;te_k oa raj`aj 1, ieh iehhkjao `a _ec]nnko ]h ]Â&#x2019;k( hk mqa q^e_] ]h l]Â&#x17D;o aj ah hqc]n -2 `a _kjoqik aj ah iqj`k* Okje] Iav]( ejpacn]jpa `a h] Bqj) `]_eÂ&#x201C;j Ejpan]iane_]j] `ah ?kn]vÂ&#x201C;j( _kjoe`anÂ&#x201C; mqa h] lnklqaop] `a ape) mqap]n hko ., ieh iehhkjao `a laoko mqa oa lan_e^enÂ&#x17D;]j _kj hko jqarko eilqaopko l]n] ah pn]p]ieajpk `a
ajbania`]`ao ]ok_e]`]o ]h bqi]n naoqhp] _kjopepq_ekj]hiajpa ejre]^ha lknmqa 4,! oa hk mqa`] ah ck^eanjk u ah naopk oa `eneca ] _qaopekjao mqa lqa`aj oan r]ne]^hao `a o]hq`( jk oÂ&#x201C;hk lkn p]^]mqeoik* Ă&#x17D;?nak mqa jk r] ] ]r]jv]n h] lnk) lqaop]( h]o iao]o `a nabkni] Ă&#x161;o_]h u h] hau `a ejcnaoko aopÂ&#x192;j ] _]nck `a cajpa _an_]j] ] h]o p]^]_]han]o( _kik Oa^]ope]j Han`k `a Paf]`]( @]re` Laj_duj] Cnq^ u Hqeo Re`a) c]n]u* =`aiÂ&#x192;o( ah LNE aj ah Aop]`k `a IÂ&#x160;te_k p]i^eÂ&#x160;j ao qj ]he]`k `a h]o p]^]_]han]oĂ?( ]oacqnÂ&#x201C;* Lkn oq l]npa( I]qne_ek DanjÂ&#x192;j`av( oq^oa_nap]nek `a O]hq`( na_kjk_eÂ&#x201C; mqa ah A`kiat u Iknahko okj `a h]o ajpe`]`ao mqa ej_qilhaj _kj h] Hau Cajan]h `ah ?kjpnkh `ah P]^]_k( _kj oq nach]iajpk( u _naaj mqa _kj qj] Ă&#x17D;lqanpep]Ă? oa lqa`a he^n]n ]h aol]_ek _ann]`k `ah dqik* .D
D@C<E@F
c_Â&#x192;hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
$VMUVSB
;Z_jeh0 "SJFM (PO[fMF[ YkbjkhW$Z\6c_b[d_e$Yec
P jec[ dejW BEAEI A#B;9JKH?;DJEI CeZ[hWZei feh bW fe[j_iW CWhÂ&#x2021;W =Wo" bei c_[cXhei Z[b JWbb[h Z[ Fe[iÂ&#x2021;W Z[b 8WY^_bb[hWje De$ ' Z[ bW KZ[9" fh[i[djWh|d iki [`[hY_Y_ei b_j[hWh_ei [d bW 9WiW Z[b 7hY^_le >_ijÂ&#x152;h_Ye Ckd_Y_fWb Z[ 9eb_cW$ BW Y_jW [i cWÂ&#x2039;WdW W bWi '/$&& ^ehWi [d ?dZ[f[dZ[dY_W De$ -/$ 9[djhe$
PZ[b_jei c[deh[i$$$ ;IF;9?7B
P `Wdi
&M MBVSFBEP +PTl &NJMJP 1BDIFDP TJHVF DPTFDIBOEP SFDPOPDJNJFOUPT QPS TV JODBOTBCMF MBCPS BSUpTUJDB "IPSB TFSf MB "TBNCMFB -FHJTMBUJWB EFM %' MB RVF MF PUPSHBSf MB .FEBMMB BM .lSJUP FO MBT "SUFT 4FHVSBNFOUF OP TFSf MB zOJDB QSFTFB RVF SFDJCB FM QPFUB FTUF
Fh[i[djWd [d CWZh_Z X_e]hW\Â&#x2021;W Z[ =kWZWbkf[ BeW[pW o F|l[b =hWdWZei ied bei Wkjeh[i Z[ C_ del_W bW jh_ij[pW" eXhW [Z_jeh_Wb [d bW gk[ dWhhWd [f_ieZ_ei _dÂ&#x192;Z_jei Z[ bW l_ZW o eXhW Z[b <bWYe Z[ Ehe" bW YkWb i[h| fh[i[djWZW [b fhÂ&#x152;n_ce l_[hd[i [d bW YWf_jWb [ifWÂ&#x2039;ebW
7]kijÂ&#x2021;d BWhW DEJ?C;N
CWZh_Z 3 AfjÂ&#x201E; 8ekfe`f CÂ?g\q# DX[i`[
-
] ao_nepkn] Cq]`]hqla Hk]av] u ah iqoe_Â&#x201C;hkck LÂ&#x192;rah Cn]j]) `ko aopÂ&#x192;j aj I]`ne`( `kj`a ah lnÂ&#x201C;teik reanjao lnaoajp]nÂ&#x192;j ah he^nk ^ekcnÂ&#x192;Ă&#x161; _k `a =cqopÂ&#x17D;j H]n] Ie jkre] h] pneopav] $K_Â&#x160;]jk( .,-,%( lnkikre`] lkn ah ck^eanjk `a Ran]_nqv( mqa _qajp] h] re`]( ah hac]`k ]npÂ&#x17D;ope_k u r]ne]o ]jÂ&#x160;_`kp]o `ao_kjk_e`]o `ah iÂ&#x2DC;oe_k mqa aj]iknÂ&#x201C; ] pk`] _h]oa `a iqfanao _kj oq oajoe^ehe`]`* Aj ajpnareop] _kj IEHAJEK( hko ]qpknao `a Ie jkre] h] pneopav] p]i^eÂ&#x160;j naop]nkj eilknp]j_e] ]h pai] `ah oqlqaopk lh]cek `a H]n] `ah _dkpeo Ă&#x17D;I]`ne`Ă?* Ă&#x17D;Aoa ]oqjpk u] mqa`Â&#x201C; v]jf]`k( oa _kj_hquÂ&#x201C; mqa H]n] ao ah ran`]`ank ]qpkn `a h] _]j_eÂ&#x201C;jĂ?( ]Ă&#x161; niÂ&#x201C; Hk]av]* ÂŤGkÂ&#x192; feZh| [dYedjhWh [b b[Yjeh [d ik b_Xhe5 Cq]`]hqla Hk]av]6 Jqaopnk he^nk _qajp] h] re`] `a H]n] u `a ]hcqj] i]jan] h] re`] `a IÂ&#x160;te_k( ok^na pk`k `ah `a Ă&#x161; j]hao `ah oechk TET( lknmqa d]u mqa na_kn`]n H]n] mqa j]) _eÂ&#x201C; aj -453* ?qajp] oq re`]( oqo nah]_ekjao _kj oqo iqfanao( d]^h] `a oq k^n] iqoe_]h( _Â&#x201C;ik aileav] aj h] n]`ek u h] pahareoeÂ&#x201C;j( _Â&#x201C;ik iqoe_]hev] h] lneian] lahÂ&#x17D;_qh] d]) ^h]`]( ajpna iq_d]o kpn]o _ko]o BW l_ZW Z[ BWhW \k[ jWd _dj[diW gk[ i[]khWc[dj[ \WbjÂ&#x152; [ifWY_e fWhW YedjWh jeZe be gk[ _dZW]Whed Z[b Whj_ijWÂą CH6 Ao pkp]hiajpa _eanpk* @a da_dk( LÂ&#x192;rah u uk p]n`]iko `eav ]Â&#x2019;ko aj ejraopec]n( aj haan pk`]o oqo ^ekcn]bÂ&#x17D;]o( lank oej `q`] h] iÂ&#x192;o _kilhap] ao Ie jkre] h] pneopav]* =ck) p]iko pk`]o h]o nabanaj_e]o aj qj pn]^]fk iqu lnkbaoekj]h* Lank iÂ&#x192;o ]hhÂ&#x192; `ah he^nk( aopÂ&#x192; ah _]j_ekjank( ah Â&#x192;h^qi bkpkcnÂ&#x192;Ă&#x161; _k( aopÂ&#x192; pk`] oq re`]* LÂ&#x192;rah Cn]j]`ko6 Nahauaj`k ah he^nk _nak mqa `a^eiko d]^anha `a`e_]`k iÂ&#x192;o aol]_ek( ]qjmqa dq^ean] hhac]`k ] h]o 4,, lÂ&#x192;cej]o u aok ao iq_dk* H]n] bqa qj lanokj]fa kije) lnaoajpa7 oq re`] pqrk _kik _]n]_panÂ&#x17D;ope_] h] nqiknkhkcÂ&#x17D;]*
BW [iYh_jehW =kWZWbkf[ BeW[pW" HeYÂ&#x2021;e :kh|d" Â&#x2018;bj_cW [ifeiW Z[ BWhW" o [b cki_YÂ&#x152;be]e F|l[b =hWdWZei ÂŤ9k|b [i [b fhefÂ&#x152;i_je Z[ kd b_Xhe Yece C_ del_W bW jh_ij[pW5 LC6 ?kjp]n `a h] i]jan] iÂ&#x192;o lna_eo] qj] re`] atpn]kn`ej]ne]iajpa ejpajo]( qj] re`] mqa r] qje`] ] h] hauaj`]* Lknmqa h] deopkne] `a H]n] bqa qj] re`] _kilhaf]( mqa `alaj`eÂ&#x201C; iq_dk `a h] nah]_eÂ&#x201C;j _kj oqo l]`nao( `a qj] a`q_]_eÂ&#x201C;j ^qncqao] u `a qj] oanea `a vkj]o ko_qn]o `a oq l]o]`k* Hk mqa de_eiko aj ah he^nk bqa _kik lh]j_d]n qj] re`] ]nnqc]`] ok^na h] _q]h oa d]^Â&#x17D;] ao_nepk p]jpk lank _kj lk_] _h]ne`]`* CH6 Uk lnapaj`Â&#x17D; nao_]p]n ] h]o iqfanao `a =cqopÂ&#x17D;j H]n]( aop]iko d]^h]j`k `a `eav( ajpna aolko]o( jkre]o u ]i]jpao* ?]`] qj] `a ahh]o okj pkp]hiajpa nao_]p]^hao( oqo deopkne]o l]na_aj _kik `a jkrah]* Ah _kiÂ&#x2DC;j `ajkie) j]`kn `a aop]o iqfanao bqa oq ejpahecaj_e]( oq oajoe^ehe`]`( lank ok^na pk`k aoa `a qj ejpajok ]ikn d]_e] H]n]* ÂŤGkÂ&#x192; b[i ZWXW BWhW W bWi ck`[h[i fWhW gk[ b[ gk_i_[hWd jWdje5 CH6 ½I]`na iÂ&#x17D;] D]op] h] ba_d]( =`ne]j] H]j) `anko( mqa ao oq ejpÂ&#x160;nlnapa( u uk jko lah]iko lknmqa `a_eiko mqa okiko h]o jkre]o kj_a u `k_a `a H]n]* = h]o iqfanao( H]n] jko `ek lanieok l]n] oajpen( l]n] oan bahe_ao( l]n] en _kj ah ]ikn d]op] h]o Â&#x2DC;hpei]o _kjoa_qaj_e]o* H]n] ha _]jpÂ&#x201C; ] pk`]o h]o iqfanao6 ba]o( cq]) l]o( ckn`]o( Ă&#x203A; ]_]o( nq^e]o( lahennkf]o( lk^nao(
ne_]o( ] h]o mqa pn]p]^] _kik lnkopepqp]o( u ] Â&#x160;op]o _kik i]nmqao]o* ;d 9|Z_p Z[ijWYWhed gk[ [b ]eX_[hde Z[ L[hW# Yhkp ^W i_Ze \kdZWc[djWb fWhW bW fkXb_YWY_Â&#x152;d Z[b b_XheÂą CH6 Ah ck^anj]`kn Be`ah Dannan] ao qj cn]j ]i]jpa `a h] k^n] `a =cqopÂ&#x17D;j H]n]( `a da_dk j]_eankj aj oepeko iqu _an_]jko* Ran]_nqv peaja aj H]n] ] oq dÂ&#x160;nka u peaja ]hhÂ&#x17D; `ko aop]) pq]o* Ran]_nqv h] d]_a _]`] ]Â&#x2019;k qj dkiaj]fa( d]u qj iqoak mqa oa hh]i] h] ?]oep] >h]j_]( kpnk aj oq lqa^hk j]p]h( Ph]_kp]hl]j* H]n] aopÂ&#x192; aj Ran]_nqv aj pk`ko hko nej_kjao* ;b decXh[ Z[ 7]kijÂ&#x2021;d BWhW h[ikh]_Â&#x152; ^WY[ Zei c[i[i YkWdZe i[ b[ WYkiÂ&#x152; Z[ fbW]_e WgkÂ&#x2021; [d ;ifWÂ&#x2039;WÂą LR6 H] ]_qo]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a lh]cek ao na_eajpa u bqa ] n]Â&#x17D;v `a he^nk `a hko -,, ]Â&#x2019;ko `a h] Cn]j RÂ&#x17D;] Ă?a`ep]`k lkn ah =uqjp]ieajpk `a I]`ne`Ă?( lank jk d]u lnqa^]o ran`]`an]o `a mqa H]n] d]u] lh]ce]`k* Oa `a_Â&#x17D;] mqa =cqopÂ&#x17D;j _kiln]^] _]j_ekjao ] hko iÂ&#x2DC;oe) _ko aol]Â&#x2019;khao atehe]`ko u aoa ]ncqiajpk ao lk_k rÂ&#x192;he`k lknmqa aoko pai]o bqankj _kilqaopko ]jpao `a h] Cqann] ?ereh* Lank aoa pelk `a nqiknao bkni]j l]npa `a h] hauaj`] `a =cqopÂ&#x17D;j H]n]* H] _]j_eÂ&#x201C;j Ă&#x17D;I]) `ne`Ă? ao _kik qj] dqahh] iqoe_]h `a H]n]6 iÂ&#x2DC;oe_] oaj_ehh] u lac]fko]* CH6 Ao qj] eilknp]jpa _]oq]he`]` mqa aop]
lkhÂ&#x160;ie_] d]u] _kej_e`e`k _kj h] ]l]ne_eÂ&#x201C;j `a jqaopnk he^nk lknmqa jko d] laniepe`k aop]n aj I]`ne`( `]n ] _kjk_an ] hko aol]Â&#x2019;khao iÂ&#x192;o _ko]o `a H]n]( `ah ]qpkn `a Ă&#x17D;I]`ne`Ă?( Ă&#x17D;Cn]j]`]Ă?( Ă&#x17D;R]haj_e]Ă?( ap_Â&#x160;pan]* ÂŤL_i_jWh|d bW [ijWjkW Z[ BWhW [d [b XWhh_e Z[ BWlWf_Â&#x192;i5 CH6 Aop]naiko ]hhÂ&#x17D; ah reanjao lkn h] i]Â&#x2019;]j]* Ha r]iko ] hhar]n qj]o Ă&#x203A; knao( mqa ^eaj oa h]o iana_a ah Bh]_k `a Knk7 Khc] I]nÂ&#x17D;] N]iko r] ] _]jp]n ]hcqj]o `a oqo _]j_ekjao* Lkn h] jk_da lnaoajp]naiko ah he^nk aj h] ?]o] `a =iÂ&#x160;ne_]( `kj`a oacqn]iajpa aop]nÂ&#x192; iq_d] `a h] _kiqje`]` iate_]j] mqa naoe`a aj I]`ne`* Aj h] lnaoajp]_eÂ&#x201C;j r]j ] _]jp]n L]^hk Ikjpank u =`ne]j] H]j`anko* ÂŤ9k|dZe iWbZh| W bW l[djW [b b_Xhe [d ;ifWÂ&#x2039;W5 CH6 OanÂ&#x192; lnÂ&#x201C;tei]iajpa( u] ao _qaopeÂ&#x201C;j `a h] a`epkne]h* Lkn hk lnkjpk daiko pn]Â&#x17D;`k iÂ&#x192;o `a .,, afailh]nao* Ao iqu eilknp]jpa `a) _en mqa d]u pnao a`e_ekjao `a aopa he^nk6 h] `a hqfk( mqa _kilnaj`a pnao rkhÂ&#x2DC;iajao u mqa okh]iajpa lqa`a oan ]`mqene`] aj Ran]) _nqv( ao qj] a`e_eÂ&#x201C;j `a lna_eko] _kj Â&#x192;h^qi( _]j_ekjank u `eo_ko _kj iÂ&#x2DC;oe_] ejÂ&#x160;`ep]* H] oacqj`] ao `a l]op] ^h]j`] u iÂ&#x192;o a_kjÂ&#x201C;) ie_] u h] pan_an] ao ^]op]jpa a_kjÂ&#x201C;ie_]* Ah he^nk oa d] raj`e`k iq_dÂ&#x17D;oeik aj IÂ&#x160;te_k u aolan]iko mqa ]mqÂ&#x17D; l]oa hk ieoik* .D
D@C<E@F
c_Â&#x192;hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
DVMUVSB
BW 9WdY_Â&#x152;d o bW <b[Y^W0
DejWi X_e]h|\_YWi fWhW c_i d_[jei QPS +BWJFS $ #SBWP .BHBtB
$SFTDFODJP #SBWP 4 *O NFNPSJBN Gk[ kd fWf| i[ lWoW W jhWXW`Wh jeZei bei ZÂ&#x2021;Wi iÂ&#x152;be [i jhW][Z_W fWhW [b d_Â&#x2039;e Z[ jh[i WÂ&#x2039;ei gk[ Z[ h[f[dj[ i[ ZW Yk[djW Z[ gk[ ik fWf| i[ lW o Z[ gk[ ik Z[b_Y_eie fWhWÂ&#x2021;ie j[hc_dW WXhkfjWc[dj[" i_d d_d]kdW [nfb_YWY_Â&#x152;d" XW`e [b iebe Z_i\hWp Z[ kd _deY[dj[ L[ W l[h i_ jk jÂ&#x2021;W j_[d[ kd feYe Z[ j[dc[WY| Na]`ejc( Ejch]pann]( ] / `a ]^neh `a -542* Ie iqu mqane`k >n]j`kj6 P]jpko d]j h]iajp]`k pq `a_aok mqa( ]qjmqa `a j]pqn]h ok^nek u oajo]pk( ia d]j ikper]) `k ] h] ahacÂ&#x17D;]* L]o]opa bqc]v lkn jqaopn]o re`]o( u ]qjmqa jk bqeopa ] h] Jkni]h $je lqa`ao lnaoqien `a qj `k_pkn]`k ]qj) mqa ]lnaj`eopa ejchÂ&#x160;o%( bqeopa jqaopnk i]aopnk( u ]lnaj`eiko Ă&#x17D;?Â&#x201C;ik oa l]o] h] re`]( _Â&#x201C;ik oa reaja h] iqanpa( p]j _]) hh]j`k*Ă? Ej_]jo]^ha( jk_dao ajpan]o jko h]`n]opa pq jki^na( d]op] mqa hk ]lnaj) `eiko6 >n]j`kj( u `a _]neÂ&#x2019;k( Ă&#x17D;>n]j`uĂ?* Mqane`k ]ieck( defk( dani]jk iajkn6 mqeank `kj]npa ie alep]Ă&#x161;k* Reaja `a qj `]nia _qajp] `a pq re`]* Jk _na]o mqa ecjknk hk mqa bqeopa( hk mqa lq`eopa oan( hk mqa ]_]^]opa oeaj`k* I]o hk mqa _qajp]( h] aoaj_e] `a pq re`]( ao mqa oqleopa ]i]n u bqeopa ]i]`k* U aopk oa lqa`a naoqien p]j oeilha u ran`]`an]iajpa aj Â&#x160;h* Hk dana) `Â&#x160; `a ie l]`na( ]qjmqa Â&#x160;h jk hk ao_ne^eÂ&#x201C;( oejk uk( ]h _kjpailh]n oq re`]* Hk pajÂ&#x17D;] naoanr]`k l]n] Â&#x160;h( u ia dq^ean] cqop]`k l]n] iÂ&#x17D;* Lank jk da `a oan uk mqeaj p]hao _ko]o `ec]* Dku pa hk dana`k* Ao pquk( lqao mqeank _kjoanr]nhk aj h] b]iehe]* @AO?=J) O= AJ L=V( >N=J@KJ >N=RK( >N=J@U >KU* OQLEOPA =I=N U BQEOPA =I=@K*Ă? 9WhjW W 8hWdZed" fWhW c_i ^_`ei" bei ckY^ei gk[ bWc[djWhed ik Z[Y[ie$
.
e l]`na j]_eÂ&#x201C; dqÂ&#x160;nb]jk `a l]`na* @j ?nao_aj_ek >n]rk( oq pÂ&#x17D;k l]panjk( hk ]_kceÂ&#x201C; na_eÂ&#x160;j j]_e`k( ha `ek oq jki^na Ă?`a leh]Ă&#x2018; lknmqa ah ]lahhe`k hk pajÂ&#x17D;] lkn `ana_dk lnklek( u
hk a`q_Â&#x201C; d]op] _kilhap]n hko aopq`eko `a lnkbaokn h]j_]opane]jk( mqa jqj_] afan_eÂ&#x201C;* =^]j`kjÂ&#x201C; ah dkc]n l]panjk lkn h] ]rajpq) n]* Bqa okh`]`k aj Okjkn]( ^]fk ah i]j`k `ah Cajan]h =cqopÂ&#x17D;j Kh]_da]( `qn]jpa h] na^aheÂ&#x201C;j `a hko u]mqeo7 ]lnaj`ev `a pknank aj ah @eopnepk Ba`an]h( _kj qj] _knj]`] aj h] _knr] l]n] lnk^]nhk7 paoknank iqje_el]h u hqack oa_nap]nek `ah ]uqjp]ieajpk aj ?q]qpephÂ&#x192;j( IÂ&#x160;te_k7 u jk oÂ&#x160; _qÂ&#x192;jp]o _ko]o iÂ&#x192;o( ]jpao `a mqa uk j]_ean]* Pqrk pnao defko Den]i( F]rean u Nko] @ahe] mqa oeailna hk na_qan`]j _kj iq_dk _]neÂ&#x2019;k u naolapk* Oq aolko]( I]* @khknao I]c]Â&#x2019;] >ajÂ&#x17D;pav `a >n]rk( ie i]iÂ&#x192;* Ie _kjreraj_e] _kj Â&#x160;h peaja ah oecjk `ah ]ikn* =^]j`kj]`k `a i]jan] ejrkhqjp]ne] lkn oq l]`na( i]n_]`] oq re`] lkn panne^hao laj]o u cn]j`ao `aoehqoekjao( jqj_] ]^]j) `kjÂ&#x201C; ah dkc]n mqa Â&#x160;h bkniÂ&#x201C;( u iq_dk oa hk ]cn]`a_aiko* Iq_dko ]^]j`kj]j _kj iq_dk iajko* Qj defk jk _qajp] h] re`] `a oqo l]`nao( ^eaj lknmqa jk h] _kjk_a( ^eaj lknmqa jk mqeana mqa oqo l]`nao oa reop]j `a h] dqi]je`]` _kpe`e]j] mqa lqa`a d]_anhko _]an `a oq oepe]h `a dÂ&#x160;nkao* Dku( _kj ikperk `a ie _qilha]Â&#x2019;ko 25( nalq) ^he_k Ej iaikne]i aopa nah]pk( mqa ao l]npa `a ieo Jkp]o ^ekcnÂ&#x192;Ă&#x161;_]o l]n_e]hao l]n] ieo jeapko u mqa ehqopn] u atlhe_] lkn mqÂ&#x160; ie l]lÂ&#x192;( ran`]`ank dÂ&#x160;nka( jqj_] ]^]j`kjÂ&#x201C; ah dkc]n* P]i^eÂ&#x160;j ] ahhko hao dana`k ie alep]Ă&#x161;k6 Ă&#x17D;Ah iq_d]_depk cnepÂ&#x201C; L]lÂ&#x192; _kj ah la) jkok oajpeieajpk `a h] narah]_eÂ&#x201C;j* Oq l]lÂ&#x192; oa e^]( u ] Â&#x160;h hk d]^Â&#x17D;]j i]j`]`k _kj oq pÂ&#x17D;] l]n] arep]n _q]hmqean aopkn^k aj oq l]npe`]* Jk oa oejpeÂ&#x201C; pn]e_ekj]`k( je dane`k* Oeilhaiajpa oa `ek _qajp] `a
mqa oq l]lÂ&#x192; oa e^] oej Â&#x160;h( u mqa`]n oej oq l]lÂ&#x192; an] oaj_ehh]iajpa ejoklknp]^ha* Lkn aok cnepÂ&#x201C; L]lÂ&#x192; u( _eack `a hÂ&#x192;cnei]o( o]heÂ&#x201C; _knneaj`k pn]o `a Â&#x160;h* H] okjneo] `eranpe`] lank _]neÂ&#x2019;ko] `a oq pÂ&#x17D;]( u oq oq]ra lank Ă&#x161;nia i]jk jk lq`eankj `apajan) hk* Ahh] _kilnaj`Â&#x17D;] mqa jk d]^Â&#x17D;] jejcqj] pn]ca`e]* Mqa qj l]lÂ&#x192; oa r]u] ] pn]^]f]n pk`ko hko `Â&#x17D;]o oÂ&#x201C;hk ao pn]ca`e] l]n] ah jeÂ&#x2019;k `a pnao ]Â&#x2019;ko mqa `a nalajpa oa `] _qajp] `a mqa oq l]lÂ&#x192; oa r] u `a mqa oq `ahe_ekok l]n]Â&#x17D;ok paniej] ]^nqlp]iajpa( oej jejcqj] atlhe_]_eÂ&#x201C;j( ^]fk ah okhk `eobn]v `a qj ejk_ajpa Ra ] ran oe pq pÂ&#x17D;] peaja qj lk_k `a pajia]_Â&#x192;* Ah iq_d]_depk _knneÂ&#x201C; _kik jqj_] d]) ^Â&#x17D;] _knne`k( _kik jqj_] rkhranÂ&#x17D;] ] _knnan( _kik jqj_] _knnanÂ&#x192; aj oq re`]* U u] peaja oaoajp] ]Â&#x2019;ko* Qj] _ebn] ^kjep] u ^qaj]7 qj _e_hk _kilhapk u lhajk* ?q]najp] ]Â&#x2019;ko aopÂ&#x192; ^eaj( lank oaoajp] aopÂ&#x192; iafkn* Qj] _ebn] mqa _eann] ah _e_hk( ieajpn]o mqa _q]najp] oÂ&#x201C;hk hk _qhiej]* ?q]najp] ao lanba__eÂ&#x201C;j7 oaoajp]( lanba_p] lhajepq`* Ah iq_d]_depk o]heÂ&#x201C; _knneaj`k ]h l]pek( mqa an] p]i^eÂ&#x160;j h] knehh] `a h] h]cqj]( u p]i^eÂ&#x160;j oq _]o]* =h_]jvÂ&#x201C; ] reohqi^n]n h] ]i]`] Ă&#x161;cqn]( u hk rek `aola`enoa `a I]iÂ&#x192;( ailqf]n h] l]jc] ]h ]cq]( pnal]noa aj ahh]( oajp]noa ajpna hko `aiÂ&#x192;o lao_]`knao( u( oÂ&#x2DC;^ep]iajpa( rkhpa]n aj naolqaop] ]h `ao) c]nn]`kn L]lÂ&#x192;* Ah l]lÂ&#x192; ]lqnÂ&#x201C; ] hko lao_]`knao* H] l]jc] oa devk iÂ&#x192;o u iÂ&#x192;o lamqaÂ&#x2019;]* L]n]`k ] h] knehh] `a
h] h]cqj]( jk dq^k l]n] ah iq_d]_depk je ]uq`] je _kjoqahk* I]iÂ&#x192; u PÂ&#x17D;] _kiajv]nkj ] ]j`]n d]_e] h] _]o]( ecq]h mqa h]o aolko]o u l]neajpao `a hko kpnko lao_]`knao* ?q]j`k u] jk lq`k `eopejcqen h]o b]__ekjao `a oq l]lÂ&#x192;( ah iq_d]_de) pk oa `ek _qajp] `a mqa pk`k ao) p]^] lan`e`k* Oq l]lÂ&#x192; oa d]^Â&#x17D;] e`k* H]jvÂ&#x201C; qj Â&#x2DC;hpeik u ]^]pe`k L]lÂ&#x192;( u oa mqa`Â&#x201C; ]dÂ&#x17D;( hhkn]j`k mqa`]iajpa oq ]^]pe`] lao]`qi^na* H] l]jc] u oqo dki^nao na_knp]nkj oq oehqap] _kjpn] ah nkfk k_]ok* Oq l]lÂ&#x192; u] je oemqean] rkhpa]^] l]n] ]pnÂ&#x192;o* U] jk d]^Â&#x17D;] jejcqj] aolan]jv]* U _q]j`k u] jk d]^Â&#x17D;] jejcqj] aolan]jv]( h] l]jc] _kiajvÂ&#x201C; ] rkhpa]n* Ej_eanp]iajpa aj qj lnej_elek( u aj lhaj] _anpe`qi^na `aolqÂ&#x160;o* L]lÂ&#x192; aop]^] rkhreaj`k* L]lÂ&#x192; aop]^] rkhreaj`k u jk lqa`k `a_en hk mqa oajpÂ&#x17D; aj ie _kn]vÂ&#x201C;j `a jeÂ&#x2019;k `a pnao ]Â&#x2019;ko* L]lÂ&#x192; aop]^] rkhreaj`k u pk) `]rÂ&#x17D;] dku jk lqa`k `a_en hk mqa d]u aj ie _kn]vÂ&#x201C;j `a oaoajp] ]h `]nia _qajp] `a mqa ie l]lÂ&#x192; rkhreÂ&#x201C; lkn iÂ&#x17D;* U] jqj_] rku ] mqanan ] j]`ea `a aop] i]jan]( ]qj) mqa bqa `a aop] i]jan] _kik ]lnaj`Â&#x17D; ] mqanan* L]`na oÂ&#x201C;hk d]u qjk* L]`na jk d]u iÂ&#x192;o mqa qjkĂ?* .& 9B7K:?7 =K7:7HH7C7
BW eXhW i[h| Z_h_]_ZW feh 9bWkZ_e LWbZÂ&#x192;i Akh_
BW Â&#x152;f[hW Cedj[pkcW l_W`W W ;Z_cXkh]e CÂ&#x192;n_Ye 3 C\k`Z`X J}eZ_\q
-
] Â&#x201C;lan] Ikjpavqi] $-311%( ^]o]`] aj ah he^napk `ah nau Ba`ane_k EE `a Lnqoe]( oa ikjp]nÂ&#x192; aj ]ckopk aj h] _]le) p]h ao_k_ao] _kik naoqhp]`k `ah _kjrajek `a _kklan]_eÂ&#x201C;j ajpna ah Baoper]h Ejpanj]_ekj]h `a A`ei) ^qnck u ah Baoper]h Ejpanj]_ekj]h ?anr]jpejk* Ah aopnajk `a ao] k^n]( mqa oanÂ&#x192; `enece`] lkn ah iate_]jk ?h]q`ek R]h`Â&#x160;o Gqne( ao ah naoqhp]`k `ah
_kjrajek `a _kh]^kn]_eÂ&#x201C;j Ă&#x161;ni]`k ah ]Â&#x2019;k l]o]`k lkn hko `ena_pknao `a ]i^ko baoper]hao( `efk Fq`epd I]_cnackn( ai^]f]`kn] `a Naejk Qje`k aj IÂ&#x160;te_k* Ă&#x17D;Ia ]hacnk mqa aj aopa ]Â&#x2019;k `ah >e_ajpaj]nek oa lnaoajpa aj jqaopnk baoper]h( aj ]ckopk( h] Â&#x201C;lan] Ikjpavqi] Ă?( ej`e_Â&#x201C; ]h peailk mqa oq^n]uÂ&#x201C; mqa h]o nah]_ekjao ajpna Naejk Qje`k u IÂ&#x160;te_k okj at_ahajpao aj pk`ko oajpe`ko( aj ah ]npa( h] _qhpqn] u h] a`q_]_eÂ&#x201C;j*
Fkj]pd]j Iehho( `ena_pkn `ah Baoper]h Ejpanj]_ekj]h `a A`ei^qnck $EAB( lkn oqo oech]o aj ejchÂ&#x160;o%( lna_eoÂ&#x201C; mqa Ikj) pavqi]( `ah _kilkoepkn ]haiÂ&#x192;j( ?]nh Daejne_d Cn]qj $-3,0)-315%( kbna_anÂ&#x192; pnao bqj_ekjao aj h] _]lep]h ao_k_ao]( u lkopanekniajpa re]f]nÂ&#x192; ]h Baoper]h Ejpanj]_ekj]h ?anr]jpejk $BE?%* Aj _kjbanaj_e] `a lnajo]( ]uan aj ah Iqoak Bn]jv I]uan( ah `ena_pkn ]qopn]he]jk( oq^n]uÂ&#x201C; mqa Ă&#x17D;A`ei^qn) ck u Cq]j]fq]pk okj `ko _eq`]`ao aj hko mqa ah cajek `ah baoper]h ao ejahq`e^haĂ?*
@edWj^Wd C_bbi" B_Z_W 9WcWY^e o @kZ_j^ CY=h[]eh" [cXW`WZehW Xh_j|d_YW Ah `ena_pkn `ah EAB( mqa ha `af] `a c]j]j_e] ] h] _eq`]` `a A`ei^qnck u ]h Naejk Qje`k -., iehhkjao `a he^n]o aopanhej]o( `aop]_Â&#x201C; mqa hko baoper]hao okj qj re]fa ]npÂ&#x17D;ope_k u hepan]nek aj ah mqa oa aj_qajpn]j ]npeop]o u aola_p]`knao* ?kik qjk `a hko baoper]hao iÂ&#x192;o eilknp]jpao `a Aqnkl]( ah EAB oa
bqj`Â&#x201C; aj -503( `aolqÂ&#x160;o `a h] Oa) cqj`] Cqann] Iqj`e]h6 Ă&#x17D;aj ah lakn `a hko peailko( lank an] h] iafkn n]vÂ&#x201C;j l]n] ailav]n qj baoper]h _qhpqn]h* Jk an] qj afan_e_ek _Â&#x17D;je_k `a pqneoik( an] qj `aoak lnkbqj) `k `a `]nha ] h] cajpa aolan]jv] u klpeieoik* U aok d]_a ah cn]j ]npa6 naÂ&#x2DC;ja ] h] cajpaĂ?* .D
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
QBTBUJFNQPT
[b j_[cfe Yehh[e6c_b[d_eYeb_cW$Yec$cn
YhkY_]hWcW 3
11
5
12 15
18
4
19
6
16 20
17 21
26
27
34
25
28
29
35
36
39
40
42
43
44
46
37
41 45
47
50
53
51
52
54
>EH?PEDJ7B;I0 '$ Fh_ceh" Z[b_YWZ[pW$ ,$ FeYe Z_ij_d]k_Ze" Yehh_[dj[" ehZ_dWh_e$ ''$ Fh[fei_Y_ d gk[ i_hl[ fWhW _dZ_YWh [b bk]Wh" [b j_[cfe" [b ceZe$ '($ @el[d
J[b \edei Z[ _dj[h i
23
31
33
49
10
17
22
30
48
9 14
25
38
8
13
24
32
7
fh[ikc_ZW" f[j_c[jh[$ '*$ 9edepYe$ ',$ DecXh[ Z[ IWd FWXbe Wdj[i Z[ ik Yed# l[hi_ d 8_Xb_W $ '.$ Eh]Wd_pWY_ d Z[ FW i[i ;nfehjWZeh[i Z[ F[jh b[e$ ('$ 9WkZWb Z[
W]kW$ (($ CkiW Z[ IWblWZeh :Wb $ 8_Xb_W $ '/$ 7d_cWb WYk|j_Ye$ (&$ (*$ D_ Wi f[gk[ Wi$ (+$ Ck`[h : Y[i[ Z[b ^ecXh[ Z[ YWcfe deXb[ e Z[ YWb_ZWZ Z_ij_d]k_ZW jeiYe [ _]dehWdj[" fWb[je$ (($ fb$ $ (,$ I cXebei Z[b Wcf[h_e 7j[dje" eXi[gk_eie" Åde$ ()$ o Z[ bW _cf[ZWdY_W$ (-$ Õn_Ze 7hj Ykbe Z[j[hc_dWZe$ (-$ F[hhe$ Z[ YWbY_e$ (/$ IeY_[ZWZ 7d # (.$ ;b Wijhe h[o _dl$ $ )($ <[hj_# d_cW$ )&$ IWj b_j[ Z[ bW J_[hhW$ b_pWi bW j_[hhW$ ))$ J[`_Ze Åde" )'$ IkbjWdWje Z[ 7i_W" ik YWf_jWb b_][he o jhWdifWh[dj[ Z[ i[ZW [i CWiYWj[$ )($ I cXebe Z[b e Wb]eZ d$ )+$ :[`W Z[ ^WY[h$ ),$ WijWje$ )*$ FhedecXh[ f[hiedWb$ C[Z_ZW Z[ bed]_jkZ Wdj_]kW$ ),$ Fh[Å`e gk[ Z[dejW i[fWhW# )-$ >[hceiWi$ )/$ 7d_cWb YkW# Y_ d$ ).$ 8Wije" jeiYe$ *&$ : [d Zh f[Ze$ *'$ ;de`e" YehW`[$ *)$ [b XbWdYe$ *($ 7Y[_j[ Z[ eb_lW$ *)$ CWc \[he he[Zeh Wc[h_YWde" Z[b ;k\[c_ice feh eh_dW$ *+$ LWYkde jWcW e Z[ kdW b_[Xh[" Z[ YWhd[ gk[ ieXh[fWiW kd W e Z[ [ZWZ [ij_cWZW$ **$ 9kWhje fh_dY_fWb i_d bb[]Wh W Zei$ *,$ >ecXh[ Z[ bW YWiW$ *,$ I cXebei Z[b ]hei[he o jeiYe$ *.$ I cXebe \ i\ehe o n[d d$ *-$ I cXebei Z[ bW fbWjW$ +&$ Cko [b[lWZe" Z[ d_jh ][de o Z[ Wdj_ced_e$ fhec_d[dj[$ +($ I cXebe Z[b */$ 7Xh[l_WjkhWi Z[ ]hWce o hWZ_e$ +)$ HeXW [d Z[ifeXbWZe Z[ |d]ijhec$ +&$ O [d \hWdY i$ W bei l_W`[hei$ +*$ :[`WXWi Wb +'$ Lep Z[ Whhkbbe _dl$ $ +($ :_l_# Z[iYkX_[hje" Z[ijWfWXWi$ d_ZWZ []_fY_W$ L;HJ?97B;I0 '$ JhW_ZehW$ ($ Fh[Å`e <[hdWdZe 9edjh[hWi fh_lWj_le$ )$ I cXebei Z[ IEBK9?ÕD 7B 7DJ;H?EH khWd_e o Z[ YeXh[$ *$ 7 IEBK9?ÕD 7B 7DJ;H?EH C R U Z A R C A L A D O d_l[b$ +$ 7cWhhWh" b_Wh$ ,$ S A L A A T O L Ikif[dZ_Ze" i_d [b \kdZW# A V A R O O S A R E c[dje e Wfeoe d[Y[iWh_e$ S O R C A T A R S E M -$ Kd_ d DWY_edWb Efei_jehW A L A L I S A B I i_]bW $ .$ DejW cki_YWb$ /$ R U S D I M A S P A R Ced[ZW Z[ YeXh[ kiWZW T O P O A E C O S [d bW Wdj_]kW HecW$ '&$ C A L A A D A A R E L H[l_iWh be [ijkZ_WZe$ ')$ O L E N O N E S A F hZ_ZW Z[ bW \ehjkdW" Z[ L R E P O S A D O S T bW fheif[h_ZWZ" Z[b ^edeh$ E U R O U N E O '+$ 7hXkije fWf_b_ed|Y[e R E T A C A O C A S O S Z[ 7i_W o Î\h_YW fWh[Y_Ze A A S A S C A S O O W bW WYWY_W$ '-$ >_`e Z[ De
?dijhkYY_ed[i0 Bb[dW YWZW ikX#YkWZh YkbW Z[ )n) Yed bei d c[hei Z[b ' Wb / W fWhj_h Z[ bei gk[ oW [ij|d i[ WbWZei [d YWZW Y[bZW" f[he de h[f_jWi d_d] d d c[he [d kdW c_icW \_bW" YebkcdW e ikXYkWZh YkbW$
FbWd[j IodZ_YWj_ed
2
IebkY_ d Z[b Wdj[h_eh
1
ikZeak
8ecX[hei 9eb_cW )'(#+.+. 8ecX[hei L_bbW Z[ ÎblWh[p )''#,&,, 9hkp He`W 9eb_cW )')#.-.- 9hkp He`W J[Yec|d )(*#'&&' 9hkp He`W 7hc[h W )((#&-'& 9hkp He`W CWdpWd_bbe )),#+--& Fhej[YY_ d 9_l_b 9eb_cW )')#&)'' Fhej[YY_ d 9_l_b J[Yec|d )(*#&('+ Fhej[YY_ d 9_l_b C_dWj_jb|d )),#&&/' Fhej[YY_ d 9_l_b 9kWk^j[ceY )(.#&.&/ Fhej[YY_ d 9_l_b CWdpWd_bbe )),#-)&& F<F 9eb_cW )(.#&-(+ F<F J[Yec|d )(*#+&+& F<F CWdpWd_bbe )),# +,-- Feb_Y_W ;ijWjWb Fh[l[dj_lW )'(#(&/& 7d][b[i L[hZ[i 9eb_cW )),#,,&& Jh|di_je o L_Wb_ZWZ 9eb_cW )'*#/('( Jh|di_je o L_Wb_ZWZ 9egk_cWjb|d )()#&''' Jh|di_je o L_Wb_ZWZ CWdpWd_bbe )((#'/*, Jh|di_je o L_Wb_ZWZ L_bbW Z[ ÎblWh[p )',#))', Jh|di_je o L_Wb_ZWZ 7hc[h W )((#&'/'
Y_d[ <
c_ hYeb[i (* Z[ CWhpe Z[ (&'&
Y _ d [
()
9edj_d W [d YWhj[b[hW 9edj_d W [d YWhj[b[hW IjWhZkij0 [b c_ij[h_e ;d[c_]e ?dj[hde Z[ bW [ijh[bbW D_YebWi 9W][ _dj[hfh[jW W kd feb_Y W gk[
kj_b_pW W ik Wdje`e W jhW\_YWdj[i" fheij_jkjWi o ;ijW ^_ijeh_W Yec_[dpW [d kdW f[# Z[b_dYk[dj[i" o gk[ Z[ h[f[dj[ i[ [dYk[djhW gk[ W Y_kZWZ Z[ ?d]bWj[hhW o gk[ Yed kd YWie gk[ be cWhYW fhe\kdZWc[dj[0 j[hc_dW [d bk]Wh[i gk[ [n_ij[d Z[X[h| [dYedjhWh W bei YkbfWXb[i Z[ bW l_ebWY_ d Z[ kdW `el[d del_Y_W$ i be [d [b h[_de Z[ bW _cW]_dWY_ d$
[d 9eb_cW
9ec[djWh_ei o ik][h[dY_Wi Yehh[e6c_b[d_eYeb_cW$Yec$cn ;d YWhj[b[hW 799?ÕD
9 ? ; D 9 ? 7 < ? 9 9 ? Õ D
7i[i_de D_d`W 9
;b B_Xhe :[ Bei I[Yh[jei 8#'+
HW_pe [i kde Z[ bei c|i j[c_Xb[i Wi[i_dei Z[b ckdZe$ I_[dZe d_ e" \k[ h[Ye]_Ze Z[ bWi YWbb[i feh [b 9bWd Epkdk" gk_[d[i be jhWdi\ehcWhed [d kd Wi[i_de cko X_[d [djh[dWZe$ ;b 9bWd [i kdW ieY_[ZWZ i[Yh[jW" YkoW [n_ij[dY_W [i Yedi_Z[hWZW kd c_je$ F[he [bbei Z[if_WZWZWc[dj[ [`[YkjWd W bW Wc_]W Z[ HW_pe" o W^ehW b" eXi[i_edWZe Yed [bbe" Z[Y_Z[ [iYWfWhi[ o Z[iWfWh[Y[h$ HW_pe fWY_[dj[c[dj[ fh[fWhW ik l[d]WdpW" o iWX[ gk[ YkWdZe bW bb[l[ W YWXe" de j[dZh| f_[ZWZ$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 D_d`W 7iiWii_d % :_h[Yjeh0 D_d`W 7iiWii_d % 7Yjeh[i0 Ikd] AWd]" HWdZWbb :ka A_c" @edWj^Wd 9^Wd#F[dib[o" Oka_ ?mWceje" @[ed] @_#>eed HW_d % = d[he0 7YY_ d % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 9 % :khWY_ d0 // % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei%7b[cWd_W % 7 e0 (&&/
;d kd \kjkhe de cko Z_ijWdj[" YWi_ )& W ei Z[ifk i Z[ bW ]k[hhW \_dWb" kd ^ecXh[ ieb_jWh_e" ;b_ :[dp[b MWi^_d]jed YWc_dW W jhWl i Z[ bW j_[hhW Z[lWijWZW gk[ kdW l[p \k[ ;ijWZei Kd_Zei$ 9_kZWZ[i lWY Wi" YWhh[j[hWi hejWi" j_[hhW |h_ZW" jeZe W ik Wbh[Z[Zeh ck[ijhW bWi cWhYWi Z[ kdW Z[ijhkYY_ d YWjWijh \_YW$ De ^Wo Y_l_b_pWY_ d d_ b[o$ Bei YWc_dei f[hj[d[Y[d W fWdZ_bbWi gk[ Wi[i_dWh Wd W kd ^ecXh[ feh YkWbgk_[h YeiW$ F[he ;b_ Z[X[ h[i]kWhZWh kd b_Xhe gk[ feZh W iWblWh W jeZW bW ^kcWd_ZWZ$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 J^[ 8eea E\ ;b_ % :_h[Yjeh0 7bX[hj >k]^[i" 7bb[d >k]^[i % 7Yjeh[i0 :[dp[b MWi^_d]jed" =Who EbZcWd" C_bW Akd_i" HWo Ij[l[died % = d[he0 9_[dY_W <_YY_ d % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 8#'+ % :khWY_ d0 ''- % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei % 7 e0 (&'&
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0
'-0'&%'/0)+%((0&& CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0&&%'*0(+ 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0'*0+&%'-0'&%'/0*&%((0'&
:H7C7 7cWdj[i 8'+
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0
:_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '+0*+%'.0&+%(&0'&%((0)& CWj_d [ :ec0 ')0)& 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 ',0++%'/0'&%('0(&
7 D ? C 7 9 ? Õ D C_i_ d [d CeYbWdZ" 7 KdW 7l[djkhW Ikf[h ;ifWY_Wb
;ijW Y_djW Z[ hecWdY[ dWhhW bW ^_ijeh_W Z[ B[edWhZ @eWgk_d F^e[d_n " kd WjhWYj_le `el[d gk[ i[ ckZW W ik ^e]Wh Z[ bW _d\WdY_W jhWi kd _dj[dje Z[ ik_Y_Z_e$ 7^ YedeY[ W Zei ck`[h[i" C_Y^[bb[ =mod[j^ FWbjhem " kdW X[bbW o c_ij[h_eiW l[Y_dW" o IWdZhW L_d[iiW I^Wm " gk_[d i[h W bW [ifeiW `kZ W f[h\[YjW fWhW WYh[Y[djWh bW \ehjkdW o [b b_dW`[ \Wc_b_Wh$ B[edWhZ j[dZh| gk[ [b[]_h W Wb]kdW Z[ bWi Zei$ «9k|b i[h|5 J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 Jme Bel[hi % :_h[Yjeh0 @Wc[i =hWo % 7Yjeh[i0 L_d[iiW I^Wm" =mod[j^ FWbjhem" @eWgk_d F^e[d_n" Ced_ Cei^edel % = d[he0 :hWcW % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 8#'+ % :khWY_ d0 ''& % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei % 7 e0 (&&.
Bei C[diW`[hei (0 8'+ ;b ;ifWdjWf|`Whei
J > H ? B B ; H :[iZ[ C_ 9_[be 8 ;b Z_h[Yjeh F[j[h @WYaied ºJ^[ BehZ E\ J^[ H_d]i» Z[`W bWi ikf[hfheZkYY_ed[i fWhW fh[i[djWhdei [ij[ [cej_le o [ceY_edWdj[ \_bc[" gk[ jhWjW WY[hYW Z[ Iki_[ IWbced" kdW WZeb[iY[dj[ gk[ ck[h[ Wi[i_dWZW" f[he gk[ i_]k[ eXi[hlWdZe W ik \Wc_b_W [d bW J_[hhW$ 7fWhjWZW Z[b ckdZe gk[ YedeY W" Iki_[ [i j[ij_]e Z[b _cfWYje gk[ ik ck[hj[ j_[d[ [d iki i[h[i gk[h_Zei" c_[djhWi [b Wi[i_de XehhW ^|X_bc[dj[ bWi ^k[bbWi Z[b Yh_c[d o i[ fh[fWhW fWhW cWjWh W ejhW f[hiedW$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0Bel[bo 8ed[i % :_h[Yjeh0 F[j[h @WYaied %7Yjeh[i0 CWha MW^bX[h]" HWY^[b M[_ip" IjWdb[o JkYY_" IWe_hi[ HedWd % :khWY_ d0 ')+ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei% H[_de Kd_Ze%Dk[lW P[bWdZW % 7 e0 (&&/
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0
',0&&%'.0*+%('0)& CWj_d [ :ec0 ')0'+ 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '+0'&%'-0*+%(&0)& CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0)&
7b <_be Z[ ZW EiYkh_ZWZ 8#'+ ;b l[j[hWde J^ecWi 9hWl[d [i kd fWZh[ iebj[he o Z[j[Yj_l[ Z[ ^ec_Y_Z_ei Z[ bW Feb_Y W Z[ 8eijed$ 9kWdZe ik d_YW ^_`W" ;ccW Z[ l[_dj_YkWjhe W ei Z[ [ZWZ" [i Wi[i_dWZW W\k[hW Z[ ik YWiW" jeZe [b ckdZe Wikc[ gk[ J^ecWi [hW [b eX`[j_le$ F[he 9hWl[d ieif[Y^W be YedjhWh_e o i[ [cXWhYW [d kdW c_i_ d fWhW Wl[h_]kWh bW l[hZWZ[hW hWp d Z[b Wi[i_dWje$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 ;Z][ E\ :Whad[ii % :_h[Yjeh0 CWhj_d 9WcfX[bb % 7Yjeh[i0 8e`WdW DelWael_Y" HWo M_dijed[" C[b =_Xied" :Wddo >kijed % = d[he0 J^h_bb[h % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 8#'+ % :khWY_ d0 ''- % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei%H[_de Kd_Ze % 7 e0 (&'&
9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 ',0*&%'/0(+%('0*& CWj_d [ :ec0 '*0&&
;b 9kWhje 9edjWYje 8#'+
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0 :_Wh_e0 :E8 0
',0*+%'.0)+%(&0)& CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0+&%'*0++ 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 :E8 0 ',0(&%'.0'&%(&0&& CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0'&%'*0)&
7 L ; D J K H 7 7b_Y_W [d ;b FW i Z[ BWi CWhWl_bbWi
7bcWi FWiW`[hWi 8 Kd j[hh_Xb[ WYY_Z[dj[ W h[e Z[`W Z_[p fWiW`[hei ieXh[l_l_[dj[i$ 9bW_h[ Ikcc[hi [i bW fi_Y be]W [dYWh]WZW Z[ WokZWhbei W ikf[hWh [b j[hh_Xb[ jhWkcW W jhWl i Z[ i[i_ed[i ]hkfWb[i$ JeZe cWhY^W Yed dehcWb_ZWZ" ^WijW gk[ c_ij[h_eiWc[dj[ bei fWiW`[hei Yec_[dpWd W Z[iWfWh[Y[h$ 9bW_h[ [ij| Yedl[dY_ZW Z[ gk[ bW d[]b_][dY_W [d bW W[heb d[W j_[d[ gk[ l[h Yed [b WYY_Z[dj[" f[he [djh[ c|i _dl[ij_]W" c|i i[ WZ[djhW [d bW j[hh_Xb[ l[hZWZ Z[b ikY[ie" [d [b gk[ _dYbkie [bbW [ij| _dlebkYhWZW$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 FWii[d][hi % :_h[Yjeh0 HeZh_]e =WhY W % 7Yjeh[i0 7dd[ >Wj^WmWo" FWjh_Ya M_bied" 7dZh[ 8hWk]^[h" :_Wdd[ M[_ij % = d[he0 :hWcW % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 8 % :khWY_ d0 /) % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei % 7 e0 (&&.
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0
'+0'&%'-0&+%'/0'&%('0'+ CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0++ 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 ',0(&%'/0(+%('0)& CWj_d [ :ec0 ')0&&
CC9_d[cWi 7l$ CWh W 7^kcWZW Z[ = c[p o ;dh_gk[ 9ehedW Ceh\ d De$ )-'" 9eb$ 9Wcf[ijh[" FbWpW ºIeh_WdW»" L$ Z[ 7$" 9eb$
J[b$ )'#'#)(#') mmm$ccY_d[cWi$Yec 7:C?I?ÕD0 =;D;H7B0 +& % C_ hYeb[i0 ), '§$ <kdY_ d % ;ijkZ_Wdj[i % D_ ei [ ?DI;D0 *(
9_d feb_i
9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0',0)&%'.0+&%('0'& Kd ]hWdZ_eie l_W`[ i f[h [ifWY_Wb fWhW jeZW bW \Wc_b_W gk[ Yk[djW bWi Wl[djkhWi Z[ BWbe" C_dW" =eX_ o B_b_kc$ ;bbei j[dZh|d bW c_i_ d Z[ h[iYWjWh Wb fbWd[jW CeY Z[b cWblWZe =[d[hWb D[\b_d$ «FeZh|d Ykcfb_h ik c_i_ d o iWblWh W jeZei iki Wc_]ei5 :_h[Yjeh0 @kWdcW Ik|h[p % FheZkYjeh[i0 ;dh_gk[ <$ =kpc|d o De[c Hk_p <WbY d$ % = d[he0 7d_cWY_ d % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 7 % :khWY_ d0 .) c_d$ % 7 e0 (&&.
BW fh[Yk[bW Z[b ^_j jWgk_bb[he Bei C[diW`[hei h[]h[iW W bW ]hWd`W" fWhW fh[i[djWhdei bW ^_ijeh_W Z[ @e^d Hebb_di" kd ]hWd`[he gk[ bkY^W feh iWblWh ik j_[hhW o cWdj[d[h kd_ZW W ik \Wc_b_W$ Bk[]e Z[ gk[ YebeYW kd c_ij[h_eie [ifWdjWf|`Whei [d [b i[cXhWZ e" bW ik[hj[ Z[ @e^d c[`ehW$$$ f[he W YeijW Z[ ik iWbkZ c[djWb$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 C[ii[d][hi (0 J^[ IYWh[Yhem % :_h[Yjeh0 CWhj_d 8Whd[m_ji % 7Yjeh[i0 9bW_h[ >ebj" DehcWd H[[Zki" H_Y^WhZ H_[^b[ % = d[he0 J[hheh % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 8#'+ % :khWY_ d0 /* % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei % 7 e0 (&&/
C_bbW @elel_Y^ _dj[hfh[jW W bW ZeYjehW 7X_]W_b Job[h" gk_[d l_W`W W kd fk[Xbe Z[ 7bWiaW fWhW _dl[ij_]Wh _d[nfb_YWXb[i Z[iWfWh_Y_ed[i gk[ ^Wd ikY[Z_Ze Z[iZ[ ^WY[ *& W ei" [d bWi gk[ fWh[Y[ [ijWh _dlebkYhWZe [b =eX_[hde <[Z[hWb Z[ ;ijWZei Kd_Zei$ Kd \_bc[ XWiWZe [d ^[Y^ei h[Wb[i$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 J^[ <ekhj^ A_dZ % :_h[Yjeh0 EbWjkdZ[ EikdiWdc_ % 7Yjeh[i0 C_bbW @elel_Y^" ;b_Wi Aej[Wi" M_bb FWjjed" 9eh[o @e^died % :khWY_ d0 /. % FW i Eh_][d0 ;K % 7 e0 (&&/
9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 ',0(&%'.0)&%(&0*&
J ; H H E H EXi[i_ d 9h_c_dWb
8'+
9EB?C70 )[h$ 7d_bbe F[h_\ h_Ye De$ )&'" ;ig$ 7l$ ?]dWY_e IWdZelWb" FbWpW P[djhWb_W$ 9eb_cW C7DP7D?BBE0 FWi[e Z[ bWi =Wl_ejWi De$ *+&" IWbW]kW
J[b$ )( ),( () 9eb_cW )'* ))+ ,* +. IWbW]kW" Cpe$ mmm$Y_d[feb_i$Yec$cn 7:C?I?ÕD CWdpWd_bbe0 =[d[hWb */ C_ hYeb[i [nY[fje Z_Wi \[ij_lei 0 )( CWj_d [i" d_ ei" )[hW$ [ZWZ o [ijkZ_Wdj[i Z[ B#L Yed Yh[Z[dY_Wb 0 )Fhe^_X_ZW bW [djhWZW W c[deh[i Z[ ' W e
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0 7
7b_Y_W" W iki '/ W ei" h[]h[iW Wb c|]_Ye ckdZe gk[ YedeY_ feh fh_c[hW l[p YkWdZe [hW d_ W" ZedZ[ lebl[h| W h[kd_hi[ Yed iki Wc_]ei Z[ bW _d\WdY_W0 [b 9ed[`e 8bWdYe" [b B_h d" bW Ehk]W" [b =Wje Z[ 9^[i^_h[ o" feh ikfk[ije" [b IecXh[h[he BeYe$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 7b_Y[ ?d MedZ[hbWdZ % :_h[Yjeh0 J_c 8khjed % 7Yjeh[i0 @e^ddo :[ff" C_W MWi_aemiaW" >[b[dW 8ed^Wc 9Whj[h% :khWY_ d0 '&. % FW i Eh_][d0 ;K % 7 e0 (&'&
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0 :_Wh_e0 :E8 ):0
'*0*+%'/0)& CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0(+ :_Wh_e0 IK8 ):0 '-0&&%('0*+ :_Wh_e0 :E8 0 ',0&+%'.0(+%(&0*+ CWj_d [ :ec0 ''0(+%')0*+ 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 :E8 ):0 '+0&&%'-0(&%'/0*&%((0&& CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0*& :_Wh_e0 IK8 C79HEF7DJ7BB7 0 ',0+&%'.0&&% (&0(& CWj_d [ :ec0 ')0(&
:_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '+0++%'.0&&%(&0'&%((0'+ CWj_d [ :ec0 ''0*+%')0+&
7:C?I?ÕD 9eb_cW0 :[ B#:" Z[ifk[i Z[ bWi '+0&& ^hi0 ++
;d[c_]e ?dj[hde 9 ;b WYbWcWZe Z_h[Yjeh M[hd[h >[hpe] h[]h[iW" Yed [ijW f[b YkbW _dif_hWZW [d [b \_bc[ Z[ '//( Z[ 7X[b <[hhWhW$ D_YebWi 9W][ _dj[hfh[jW W kd feb_Y W gk[ kj_b_pW W ik Wdje`e W jhW\_YWdj[i" fheij_jkjWi o Z[b_dYk[dj[i" o gk[ Z[ h[f[dj[ i[ [dYk[djhW Yed kd YWie gk[ be cWhYW fhe\kdZWc[dj[0 Z[X[h| [dYedjhWh W bei YkbfWXb[i Z[ bW l_ebWY_ d Z[ kdW `el[d del_Y_W$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 8WZ B_[kj[dWdj0 Fehj E\ 9Wbb D[m Ehb[Wdi% :_h[Yjeh0 M[hd[h >[hpe] % 7Yjeh[i0 D_YebWi 9W][" LWb A_bc[h" ;lW C[dZ[i" <W_hkpW 8Wba % = d[he0 :hWcW % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 9 % :khWY_ d0 '(( % FW i Eh_][d0 ;$K % 7 e0 (&&/
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0
'-0)+%(&0&+%((0)+ CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0)&%'+0'+ 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '+0)&%'/0+&%((0'& CWj_d [ :ec0 '+0&+
C_ hYeb[i [nY[fje Z_Wi \[ij_lei 0 ). CWj_d [i Wdj[i '+0&&" d_ ei o )[hW$ [ZWZ ** ;ijkZ_Wdj[i Z[ B#L Yed Yh[Z[dY_Wb 0 ** Fhe^_X_ZW bW [jdhWZW W c[deh[i Z[ ) W ei IWbW Z_]_jWb0 7Zkbje -)% d_ ei o )hW [ZWZ ,.
Kd Wi[i_de [d i[h_[ Yec_[dpW W Yec[j[h XhkjWb[i Yh c[d[i Z[`WdZe kdW ^k[bbW Z_\ Y_bc[dj[ ebl_ZWXb[$ Bei Yk[hfei Z[ iki l Yj_cWi ied jhWdi\ehcWZei [d h[\b[`ei Z[ ]hej[iYWi eXhWi Z[ Whj[$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 7dWcehf^ % :_h[Yjeh0 >[dho C_bb[h % 7Yjeh[i0 M_bb[c :W\e[" IYejj If[[ZcWd" 9b[W :kLWbb" :ed >Whl[o" F[j[h IjehcWh[$ % :khWY_ d0 '&) c_d$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei % 7 e0 (&&-
9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '-0)&%'/0*&%('0+&
=EB:;D 9?D;C7N <[b_f[ I[l_bbW Z[b H e (&'" BeYWb ,*" @WhZ_d[i Z[ L_ijW >[hceiW 9eb_cW" 9eb$
J[b$ )'#(#&'#-) mmm$Y_d[cWiZ[bYekdjho$Yec$cn% Fhe]hWcWY_ d ik`[jW W YWcX_e i_d fh[l_e Wl_ie