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] `aoaolan]_e j ao h] l]npan] `a h]o laknao laj`af]`]o* I o cn]) rao _q]j`k oa oqi] ah klknpqjeoik lkh pe_k* Ah naceopnk `a hko pepqh]nao `a hko pah bk) jko i rehao k _ahqh]nao j]_e `a aop] _en_qjop]j_e]* Aj ia`ek `ah na_h]ik ]en]`k u fqopeÚ_]`k lkn ah oa_qaopnk u h] atpknoe j cajan]hev]`ko( oa na) okhre _na]n ah l]`n j `a qoq]neko `a pahabkj ] _ahqh]n l]n] ]o _kjfqn]n h] ej`ecj]_e j* Oa `efk mqa _kj aok oa arep]n ] mqa ah pah bkjk i reh oenrean] l]n] qoko _neiej]hao* Ao `eb _eh mqa ah naceopnk `a _ahqh]) nao naoqahr] ah lnk^hai]* Oq_a`a aj pakn ]( jk aj h] ln _pe_]* Bnajpa ] h] _neiej]he`]` h]o ]qpkne`]`ao oa rqahraj k^oaoer]o aj okhq_ekjao b]h]_ao ] _]nck `a h] ok_ea`]`* Oa lqa`aj _kjpn]p]n _ahqh]nao _kj _]nck ] lnkraa`knao atpn]jfanko( d]u pn]jobanaj_e]o hac]hao k ehac]hao `a ]l]n]pko u( oac j oa d] _kjop]p]`k( u] oa lqa`aj _kjoacqen _delo naceopn]`ko ] kpnk jki^na k qo]n h] pahabkj ] RkEL* Ah da_dk ao mqa ah qok `ahe_perk `a hko _ahqh]nao `a^an ]j`]n aj -, ieh k -,, ieh( jk eilknp] h] _ebn]( lknmqa mqeajao l]`a_aj h]o _kjoa_qaj_e]o oan j hko iehhkjao `a qoq]neko mqa hko ]`mqeanaj l]n] oq _kiqje_]_e j _kpe`e]j]7 55! ]oqia ah _kopk aj h] lnapajoe j `a _kjpnkh]n ] iajko `a -!* D]u ejoacqne`]` lknmqa d]u ei) lqje`]`* Ao i]jeÚaop] h] ej_]l]_e) `]` `ah oeopai] `a d]_an fqope_e]* Okj iq_d]o h]o n]vkjao mqa ej_e`aj aj h] `ahej_qaj_e]* Aj I te_k( h] _neoeo `a h]o ejopepq_ekjao bqj`]iajp]hao _kik h] ao_qah]( h] b]iehe] u h]o echaoe]o ej_e`aj( lank i o mqa aok( h] b]hp] `a klknpqje`]`ao aj ia`ek `ah ej`e) re`q]heoik lkoaoerk7 `ahejmqen aj I te_k ao ^qaj jack_ek lknmqa d]u eilqje`]` u ao] ao qj] `a h]o i]uknao b]hh]o `ah Aop]`k aj oq _kjfqjpk*

H] pahabkj ] _ahqh]n ao qjk `a hko cn]j`ao jack_eko `a h]o paha_kiq) je_]_ekjao* D]u 4/*1 iehhkjao `a ]l]n]pko( aopk ao( _]oe qjk lkn _]`] iate_]jk( ej_hquaj`k ] iajknao u ] mqeajao d]^ep]j aj vkj]o `kj`a jk d]u pahabkj ]7 aj l]h]^n]o hh]j]o( _]oe pk`] h] lk^h]_e j peaja _ahqh]n* H] ejiajo] i]ukn ] `a hko _kjpn]pko ao `a lnal]ck( h]o ailnao]o lneiank na_e^aj ah `ejank u `aolq o _kj_a`aj ah oanre_ek* Okj iq_dko iate_]jko mqeajao c]op]j i o aj pahabkj ] mqa aj eilqaopko* H] _kj`e_e j `a ?]nhko Ohei _kik ah dki^na i o ne_k `ah iqj`k oa atlhe_] _kj Pah_ah( jack_ek `kie) j]jpa aj ah ian_]`k* Ateopaj kpnko lnkraa`knao( aola_e]hiajpa Pahab ) je_] Ikreop]n( `a knecaj deol]jk( _kj eilknp]jpa lnaoaj_e] aj H]pe) jk]i ne_] u mqa _na_a _]`] ravi o aj ah ian_]`k j]_ekj]h* H] oqolajoe j `a h ja]o pahab ) je_]o oa `] aj ia`ek `a qj] bankv `eolqp] lkn qj ian_]`k `a iehao `a iehhkjao `a ` h]nao* Aj ` ]o l]o]`ko oa ejbkni mqa .4 iehhkjao jk oa d]^ ]j `]`k `a ]hp] aj ah Naceopnk J]_ekj]h `a Qoq]neko `a Pahabkj ] I reh* Pahab je_] `a_e`e lnkpacan ] oqo qoq]neko u oa`q_en ] hko ]fajko( ]h ]jpe_el]n mqa jk oqolaj`an ] ah oanre_ek ejrk_]j`k ]h `ana_dk _kjo) pepq_ekj]h* Pah_ah bqa pki]`] bqan] `a ^]oa u ]dkn] _knneca `e_eaj`k mqa hko qoq]neko mqa jk oa d]j naceopn]`k _kjpejq]n j na_e^eaj`k OIO* Ah ja) ck_ek `a h] na_kjpn]p]_e j oa hao bqa( u] mqa an] lnareoe^ha mqa h]o lanokj]o ]_alp]n ]j h] o]j_e j( lan`an ]j oq _n `epk pahab je_k u rkhran ]j ] _kj) pn]p]n ] Pah_ah( pk`k qj jack_ek* Ah iajo]fa `a Ikreop]n ]h ian_]`k bqa `ena_pk6 jkokpnko o lnkpacaiko ] jqaopnko _heajpao u aop]iko `a_e) `e`ko ] `abaj`anhko bnajpa ] hauao ej_kjopepq_ekj]hao*

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Oai]j]o ]jpao( `elqp]`ko `ah LNE lnapaj`eankj atpaj`an lkn qj ] k ah lanek`k `a naceopnk* Oqo l]nao aj ah Oaj]`k ]jpe_el]nkj ah na_d]vk( oqlqaop]iajpa( lknmqa h] lkolkoe) _e j an] qj] _kj_aoe j ej`a^e`] ] hko jack_eko `a i rehao u ] qoq]neko ej`khajpao* Ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h ] pn]r o `a h] ?kbapah( mqa ]_p ] ] b]rkn `a hko ikjklkheko( o]he p]n`a u _kj _qhl]( lkn h] `aÚ_eajpa `ebqoe j `a qj] ia`e`] eilknp]jpa u lkn ah `] k cajan]hev]`k mqa eilhe_]^] h] o]j) _e j* =dkn] ]iaj]v] _kj o]j_ekj]n u paniej]n h] _kj_aoe j ] Ikreop]n( _kik oe aok bqan] hk iafkn l]n] qj ian_]`k `a lkn o aj renpq]hao _kj`e) _ekjao `a ikjklkhek* Qj] rav i o( h] `aoaolan]_e j u ah klknpqjeoik _kj`q_aj ] h]o laknao laj`af]`]o* Bnajpa ]h ]i]ck `a h] ?kbapah( ]uan o ^]`k Pahab je_] ]jqj_e qj ia_]) jeoik l]n] d]_an ah naceopnk ] jki^na `a hko ieoiko qoq]neko* ¼Lkn mq jk devk hk ieoik Pah_ah;( lknmqa ] qj ikjklkhek jk ha eilknp]j hko qoq]neko* Hko lnkbaoekj]hao `a h] atpknoe j pahab je_] aop]n j iqanpko `a neo] _kj _ahqh]nao atpn]jfanko( lnaop]`ko k nk^]`ko( k _kj ogula k i]ce_f]_g( ieajpn]o mqa h]o ]qpkne`]`ao u hko na_h]i]jpao lkn h] ejoacqne`]` `ao_q^nen j mqa jk dq^k _]i^ek( aj pk`k _]ok( mqa h] `ahej_qaj_e] iecn ] kpn]o ik`]he`]`ao _neie) j]hao* Oa _kjpejq]n `]j`k rqahp]o aj _ n_qhk u oa l]`a_an j jqar]o ia`e`]o def]o `a h] eilkpaj_e]( h] `aoaolan]_e j u h] b]hp] `a fqe_ek* Mqev o hhacqa ah peailk `a mqa oa aj_qajpnaj _kj h] ran`]`6 h] eilq) je`]` cajan]hev]`]( ej_hqoera h] `a mqeajao kopajp]j ]qpkne`]`( ao h] _]qo] lnkbqj`] `ah pannkn mqa eilhe_] reren aj h] ejoacqne`]`* .D \X[hhk[jef6]cW_b$Yec

uan ] ia`e]jk_da atlen ah lh]vk l]n] ah naceopnk `a hko pah bkjko _ahqh]nao _kj 24 lkn _eajpk `a h ) ja]o `]`]o `a ]hp] u qj] ailnao] aj bn]j_] na^ah` ]6 Ikreop]n `a lh]jk ha `efk jk ]h ?kjcnaok u ] h] ?kieoe j Ba`an]h `a Paha_kiqje_]_ekjao u oa ]pnare ] ]jqj_e]n mqa _kjpejq]n `]j`k oanre_ek ] pk`ko oqo qoq]neko ] lao]n `a mqa jk d]u]j `]`k `a ]hp] oqo pah bkjko i rehao* =jk_da na_qh ( lank jk ao oqÚ_eajpa* L]h]^n]o i o( l]h]^n]o iajko( aj ah _kiq) je_]`k `a lnajo] aj mqa fqopeÚ_ oq bn]j_] rekh]_e j ] h] hau( h] ailnao] aol] kh] Í_kj are`ajpao nao]^eko _khkje]heop]o( n]_eop]o u `eo) _neiej]`knaoÍ `a lh]jk _]heÚ_] ] h] i]ukn ] `a oqo _heajpao `a fk`e`ko a ecjkn]jpao( ej_]l]_ao lkn ahhk `a _qilhen _kj ah pn iepa* ¼Lkn mq h] pahab je_] aol] kh] oa ]pnara ] `ao]Ú]n `a ao] bkni] ]h Aop]`k iate_]jk; Lqao lkn h] oeilha n]v j `a mqa aj aopa l] o oa lqa`a rekh]n h] hau u l]o]n lkn aj_ei] `a h]o ejopepq_ekjao oej mqa d]u] _kjoa_qaj_e]o* Jk d]u mqa oknlnaj`anoa* Hko lnkleko haceo) h]`knao ejpajp]nkj rekh]n h]o hauao u nabkni]o mqa ]lnk^]nkj ]h lnklkjan( _kik devk ah lna) oe`ajpa `a h] ?kieoe j `a ?kiqje_]_ekjao u Pn]jolknpao `ah Oaj]`k( ah lneeop] ãjcah Dah]`ek =cqenna( qj] ln nnkc] `a qj ] k l]n] ah naceopnk `a hko i rehao( mqa lkn bknpqj] bqa ]p]f]`] lkn h]o bn]__ekjao `ah L=J u ah LN@* I o ]hh `ah l oeik oanre_ek u h] heiep]`] _k^anpqn] mqa kpknc] Pahab je_] Ikreop]n( ah napk mqa h]jv h] pn]oj]_ekj]h aol] kh] ]h ck^eanjk ba`an]h Íeilajo]^ha aj Aqnkl] k Aop]`ko Qje`koÍ namqeana qj] naolqaop] _kjpqj`ajpa `a h] ?kbapah u h] Oa_nap]n ] `a ?kiqje_]_ekjao u Pn]jolknpao $i tei]o ]qpkne`]`ao `ah oa_pkn%( mqa jk `afa hqc]n ] `q`]o `a h] na_pkn ] `ah Aop]`k iate_]jk aj i]pane] `a paha_kiqje_]_ekjao* O?P u ?kbapah `a^aj oqolaj`an `a i]jan] ejia`e]p] h]o klan]_ekjao `a Ikreop]n( laoa ] oq p]n` ] na_kjoe`an]_e j* Ao ej]_alp]^ha mqa ^]fk h] lnapajoe j `a pqpah]n hko `ana) _dko `a hko qoq]neko iate_]jko ]h ]__aok ] hko oanre_eko `a pahabkj ] i reh( lkn oq j]) pqn]hav] lk^na a ecjkn]jpa( hko ailnao]neko aol] khao oa l]oaj lkn ah ]n_k `ah pneqjbk h]o hauao iate_]j]o* Ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h oa aop p]n`]j`k aj napen]n h] _kj_aoe j ] Pahab je_] Ikreop]n* Oe aj ran`]` lnapaj`a Í_kik `efk ah lnaoe`ajpa Bahela ?]h`an j aj IknahkoÍ pn]jobkni]n I te_k( hk lneiank mqa peaja ajbnajpa ao d]_an _qilhen h] hau( oa pn]pa `a qj] pn]oj]_ekj]h aol] kh] k `a qj raj`a`kn `a lah _qh]o le) n]p]o aj qj pe]jcqeo* .D d[ijeh$e`[ZW6c_b[d_e$Yec

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h _kjoqik `a qj] na^]) j]`] `a l]j `a pneck lk`n ] _]qo]nha cn]rao ]ba_p]_ekjao ] qj] lan) okj] mqa l]`a_a `e]^a) pao7 oej ai^]nck( aop] ieoi] lan) okj] jk atlaneiajp]n ] je qj aba_pk jk_erk aj oq knc]jeoik ]h _kjoqien l]j ah]^kn]`k _kj d]nej] `a lh p]jk ran`a( cn]_e]o ] mqa aopa bnqpk _kj) peaja( aj oq aopnq_pqn] ikha_qh]n( qj _kilqaopk hh]i]`k baj he_k )_h]oebe) _]`k _kik qj ]jpekte`]jpa)( ah _q]h ]h ej_knlkn]noa ] kpnko ]heiajpko u ]h oan _kjoqie`k( `eoiejqua h] _]jpe`]` `a chq_ko] mqa oa he^an] aj ah _qanlk* H] `k_pkn] aj _eaj_e]o a ejrao) pec]`kn] `a h] B]_qhp]` `a ?eaj_e]o Mq ie_]o `a h] Qjeranoe`]` `a ?khei]( H]qn] Renceje] I]`nec]h =i^nev( oa ]h] mqa aop] ejbkni]) _e j )_qu] ejraopec]_e j `qn i o `a pnao ] ko) oa hkcn ] pn]r o `a qj] lnqa^] `a j`e_a chq_ ie_k( qj oeo) pai] l]n] _q]jpebe_]n ah aba_pk ok^na hko jerahao `a ]v _]n aj h] o]jcna $naolqaop] chq_ ie_]% `a qj ]heiajpk mqa _kjpeaja h] ieoi] _]jpe`]` `a _]n^kde`n]pko _kj nabanaj_e] ] kpnk ]heiajpk* Aop] ejraopec]_e j bkni] l]npa `ah lnkua_pk ÎLnk_ao]ieajpk ]cnkej) `qopne]h `a ^]j]jk u lh p]jk aj ah Aop]`k `a ?khei]Ï $ah _q]h oa lna) oajp aj .,,4 ]jpa ]qpkne`]`ao `a ck^eanjk u ailnao]neko `a h] ]cnkej`qopne] _kheiajoa%7 oac j h] `k_pkn] `a h] Q`a?( aop] ]_pere`]` jk o hk pn]a ^ajabe_eko ] h]o lanokj]o _kj lnk^hai]o `e]^ pe_ko( oejk mqa p]i^e j nalan_qpa ^aj be_]iajpa ] h] lk^h]_e j aj cajan]h( u] mqa Îl]n] ah _ki j `a h]o lanokj]o `a^aj oaha__ekj]n ]heiajpko mqa pajc]j aoa _kilknp]ieajpk6 qj ^]fk j`e_a chq_ ie_kÏ* Kpnk `a hko ]lknpao ejpanao]jpao mqa oa `aner]nkj `a aop] ejraopec]_e j ao mqa h] _]l]_e`]` `a ej`qopne]hev]n `ah lh p]jk jk o hk oa heiep] ]h lh ) p]jk mqa _ki jiajpa oa aj_qajpn]

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j]h7 ]oeieoik( p]i^e j peajaj mqa ]lnk^]n qj] ar]hq]_e j oajokne]h( ao `a_en6 ¼ah lnk`q_pk r] oan ]_alp]`k lkn hko _kjoqie`knao k jk r] oan ]_alp]`k; L7BEH O <EC;DJE :; B7 7=HE?D:KIJH?7 Lkn kpn] l]npa( Renceje] I]`nec]h =i^nev na_qan`] mqa _kj Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k u h] Oa_nap]n ] `a A_kjk) i ]( aj .,,4 oa ^qo_ lnkikran h] _na]_e j `a h] ]cnkej`qopne]( mqa an] ah k^faperk l]n] ]pannev]n aopa lnkua_pk* Ok^na aopk( oa ]h]6 ÎPk`]r ] aop]iko aj aok( aj mqa ao qj] kl_e j l]n] hko lnk`q_pknao `a lh p]jko ah jk raj`an p]jpk _kik bnqp] bnao_]( oejk `aopej]nhk qj] l]npa l]n] `]nha r]hkn ]cnac]`kÏ( lkn hk mqa lkn _kjoecqeajpa oa ^ajabe_e] ] h] ok_ea`]` )lknmqa ao qj ]heiajpk o]jk)( ] hko lnk`q_pknao )lknmqa lnkiqaraj oq lnk`q_pk)( Îu ln _pe_]iajpa pk`ko c]j]ikoÏ* Lkn hpeik( h] ejraopec]`kn] _eajp be_] ]`ah]jp] mqa( l]n] ah bqpqnk( oacqen j pn]^]f]j`k _kj aop] ieoi] h ja] `a ejraopec]_e j( o hk mqa p]i^e j oa ajbk_]n j aj _q]j) pebe_]n hko jerahao `a ]jpekte`]jpao `a h]o `eopejp]o bnqp]o u ran`qn]o mqa oa lnk`q_aj aj ah aop]`k `a ?khei]* .&

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u `a^aj pajan e`a]o( lnkcn]i]o u lnaoqlqaopko l]n] `eoa ]n qj `ao]) nnkhhk oqopajp]^ha aop j pn]^]f]j`k `a i]jan] oaoc]`]* =qj o]^eaj`k mqa h] cn]j i]ukn ] `a hko f rajao Ìdki^nao u iqfanaoÍaop j bqan] `ah oeopai] a`q_]perk l]n] oan lnk) baoekjeop]o( jk aop j pn]^]f]j`k aj ah oajpe`k `a ]^nen _]ilkÏ( oq^n]u h] ejraopec]`kn]( aj ajpnareop] l]n] IEHAJEK ?KHEI=* =_pq]hiajpa ah /,! `a f rajao jk ]h_]jv]j aol]_ek aj ah jerah oqlanekn*

o jpki]o oa ]peaj`]j klknpq) j]iajpa* @ao`a h] _na]_e j `a =iecko `a >ap]je] d]op] h] ba_d]( oa peaja qj] ^]oa `a `]pko ejpacn]`] lkn ]hna`a`kn `a -5, lanokj]o mqa d]j namqane`k h] ]paj_e j `a h] ]ok_e]_e j _ereh* Aj h] ajpnareop] l]n] IEHA) JEK ?KHEI=( mqa oa _aha^n aj h] ?]o] `a Na_qlan]_e j `a =iecko `a >ap]je]( q^e_]`] aj @a h] Rac] Jk* -35( h] dani]j] =j] Hehe] @ ]v `ek ] _kjk_an mqa aoa aol]_ek aop `eolqaopk l]n] lanokj]o mqa peajaj mqa na_e^en _qn]_ekjao `e]ne]iajpa* ÎU] mqa aop j pkp]hiajpa na_qlan]) `ko hko i]j`]iko `a jqar] _qajp] _kj oqo b]iehe]oÏ( ]lqjp * =iecko `a >ap]je] u Oa_nap]n ] `a O]hq` d]j da_dk qj oacqeieajpk `a hko _kjp]_pko `a h]o lanokj]o _kj haln] l]n] lnarajen i o _]oko( lank jk d]j aj_kjpn]`k jqarko ^nkpao `a h] ajbania`]`* Lkn ah ikiajpk jk d]u l]_eajpao aj h] _]o] `a na_qlan]_e j( okj h]o naheceko]o mqeajao oa `aolh]v]j d]op] ah dkc]n `a hko l]_eajpao _kj oa_qah]o ] na]hev]n h]o _qn]) _ekjao* Qj] _qn]_e j _kjoeopa aj ah oecqeajpa lnk_a`eieajpk6 oa h]r] h] dane`]( oa napen] ah pafe`k iqanpk u oa ]lhe_] ah ]jpe^e pe_k* H]o pnao naheceko]o mqa _kh]^kn]j aj =iecko `a >ap]je] d]j na_e^e`k _]l]_ep]_e j l]n] na]hev]n h]o _qn]) _ekjao( oeailna qo]j p]l]^k_] u cq]jpao( hk _q]h d] eila`e`k mqa _kjpn]ec]j h] ajbania`]`* =iecko `a >ap]je]( ]ok_e]_e j _ereh mqa ja_aoep] qj lnaoqlqaopk iajoq]h ]lnktei]`k `a 4 ieh laoko( oa okopeaja _kj ]lknp]_ekjao cq^anj]iajp]hao( iqje_el]hao( ]o _kik `a oq ieoik l]pnkj]pk u l]npe_qh]nao* Oe qopa` aop ejpa) nao]`k aj ]lku]n( _kiqj mqaoa ]h /-0 ., 54* .&

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nalnk`q_per]o u `ah _qe`]`k `a h] b]iehe]* ÎEil]_p] `a i]jan] l]npe_q) h]n ] h]o iqfanao lknmqa d]u qj ]hpk lkn_ajp]fa `a lnkbaoekjeop]o mqa aop j _khc]j`k oqo p pqhko _q]j`k oa _]o]j u oa _kjreanpaj aj i]`naoÏ* ?ahe] ?anr]jpao `ek ]

_kjk_an mqa ]qjmqa oa d] `aolh]) v]`k h] a`]` aj h] mqa h]o iqfanao _kjpn]aj i]pneikjek Ìaj .,,1( h] a`]` lnkia`ek an] `a -5 ] ko7 ]_pq]hiajpa ao `a .-Í]hcqj]o iqfanao _k]np]j oq lnkua_pk lnk) baoekj]h l]n] `]nha lnekne`]` ] oq re`] aj l]naf]* =oacqn mqa ]`ai o `a ik`e) Ú_]n hko nkhao `a c jank mqa oa d]j ]lhe_]`k `a i]jan] deop ne_]( oa ja_aoep] d]_an qj aobqanvk l]n] hhar]n ejbn]aopnq_pqn] a`q_]per] ] h]o vkj]o nqn]hao* AfailheÚ_ 6 qj] b]iehe] `a Oq_deph j lnaÚana ]lku]n h] bkni]_e j lnkbaoekj]h `a oq defk r]n j( u ajre]nhk ] h ] h] _]lep]h `ah aop]`k( lknmqa oqlqaop]iajpa oan h mqeaj hhara ] _qaop]o h] naolkjo]^ehe`]` `a okopajan ] qj] b]iehe]* ÎO]^aiko mqa aok jk ao _eanpk( mqa dki^nao u iqfanao pajaiko mqa la`]ha]nha aj h] re`]Ï( _kj_hqu h] ejraopec]`kn] `a h] Qjeranoe`]` `a ?khei]* .&

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I_]dWh| [b =eX_[hde kd :[fehj_ijWi Yeb_c[di[i Yedl[d_e Yed [b 9ed[lWb _h|d W H[f Xb_YW 9^[YW = bej `a bknp]ha_an ah pn]^]fk Aj ]ckopk( hko `alknpeo) aj i]pane] `a `ao]nnkhhk ok_e]h( ]o _kik h] pn]jol]naj_e] u naj) `e_e j `a _qajp]o( ah Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k u ah ?kjoafk J]_ek) j]h `a Ar]hq]_e j `a h] Lkh pe_] `a @ao]nnkhhk Ok_e]h $?kjar]h%( beni]n j qj _kjrajek `a _kkn) `ej]_e j aopa hqjao -. `a ]^neh( ] h]o -.6,, dkn]o( aj h] O]h] = `ah ?kilhafk =`iejeopn]perk* Ah Î?kjrajek `a ?kkn`ej]_e j l]n] h] =oaokn ] P _je_] u Ar]) hq]_e j `a hko Lnkcn]i]o `a h] Lkh pe_] Ok_e]h aj ah Aop]`k `a ?khei]Ï( oan nq^ne_]`k lkn ah Ck^anj]`kn I]nek =jcqe]jk Iknajk7 ah Oa_nap]nek Afa_qperk `ah ?kjar]h( Ckjv]hk Danj j) `av He_kj]7 u ah Oa_nap]nek `a @ao]nnkhhk Ok_e]h( D _pkn Ie_dah ?]i]naj]*

p]o l]n]h ile_ko =hbkjok C iav ?]oehh]o u A`c]n Eoi]ah >]n]f]o >]n]f]o( nalnaoajp]n j ] ?khei] aj ah Iqj`e]h Fqrajeh `a h] Nal ^he_] ?da_]( aj h]jv]ieajpk `a `eo_k u h]jv]ieajpk `a ^]h]( naola_) per]iajpa( oac j ah oa_nap]nek `a A`q_]_e j( Ba`ane_k N]jcah Hkv]jk u ah `ena_pkn cajan]h `ah Ejopepqpk ?kheiajoa l]n] h] @eo_]) l]_e`]`( Bn]j_eo_k L nav Ia`ej]( mqeajao ejbkni]nkj mqa I]nek Ia`ej] La ] k^pqrk ah .`k hqc]n aj h] i]n]p j `a Hko ãjcahao( ?]hebknje]* F]rean H lav Danj j`av( lnaoe`ajpa `a h] =ok_e]_e j `a @alknpeop]o ok^na Oehh] `a Nqa`]o `ah Aop]`k `a ?khei]( ]cn]`a_e ah ]lkuk mqa oeailna na_e^aj lkn l]npa `ah Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k*

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Fh[i[djWh|d kd b_Xhe o ?dl_jW I[]khe C Z_Ye [nfei_Y_ d [d bW KZ[9 FefkbWh W W\_b_Whi[ H] Qjeranoe`]` `a ?khei] H] Oa_nap]n ] `a O]hq` ej) ejrep] ] h] ej]qcqn]_e j `a h] at) lkoe_e j u h] lnaoajp]_e j `a he^nk u re`ak `k_qiajp]h mqa ]lknp] C]^neah Ia`n]jk `a Hqj] $lnkbaokn ejraopec]`kn `a h] Qjeranoe`]` `a Cq]j]fq]pk%( Ah fqcqapa lklqh]n cq]j]fq]pajoa6 ei]cej]_e j u _na]) pere`]`( aopa fqarao -1 `a ]^neh ] h]o .,6,, dkn]o aj ah l]pek _ajpn]h u o]h] `a atlkoe_ekjao pailkn]hao `ah Iqoak `a =npao Lklqh]nao ÎI]n ] Panao] Lki]nÏ( aj h]o ejop]h]_ekjao `ah EQ>=* H] atlkoe_e j lani]ja_an ]^eanp] d]op] ah iao `a i]uk7 aj hko pn]^]) fko mqa h] _kjbkni]j oa iqaopn] h] Îei]cej]_e j u _na]pere`]` `a hko ]_pknao lnej_el]hao `ah lnk_a) ok h `e_k bkni]perk `a h] je av iate_]j]Ï*

rep] ] h] lk^h]_e j ] ]behe]noa ]h Oacqnk I `e_k Lklqh]n u bkni]n l]npa `ah aomqai] `a lnkpa__e j ok_e]h aj o]hq` l]n] lanokj]o `a ^]fko na_qnoko u oej `ana_dkd]) ^eaj_e] aj ]hcqj] ejopepq_e j `a oacqne`]` ok_e]h* Ah aop]`k _qajp] _kj 4 i `qhko befko `a ]behe]_e j aj ah _ajpnk `a o]hq` qn^]jk `a ?khei]7 aj Rehh] `a ãhr]nav aj h] ]raje`] I]n ] =dqi]`] `a C iav //.)>7 aj Pa) _ki j aj h] _]hha K^nanko( _ajpnk7 aj ah _ajpnk `a o]hq` `a =nian ] u aj ah ?==LO `a I]jv]jehhk( ]o _kik aj hko Dkolep]hao Nacekj]h Qjeranoep]nek `a ?khei] u caja) n]hao `a Pa_ki j u I]jv]jehhk* =paj_e j `a hqjao ] reanjao( `a ,46,, ] -06,, dkn]o*

bqa at_aoer]( lkn hk mqa ]mq hhko mqa jk lq`eankj naceopn]noa na_e) ^eankj qj] Ú_d] mqa hao laniepen oan ]paj`e`ko `qn]jpa aop] oai]j] mqa _kieajv]( l]n] mqa h]o okhe) _epq`ao ]qiajpaj* O]hr]`kn >a_ann] `efk mqa aj Oa) i]j] O]jp]( `ah pkp]h `a okhe_epq`ao( ah i]ukn j iank bqa `enece`k ] h] c]j]`an ]( l]n] ah _q]h oa na_e^e qj pkp]h `a -(.,2 okhe_epq`ao* Ha oecqe aj eilknp]j_e] ah _kilk) jajpa `a @ao]nnkhhk Nqn]h( l]n] ah _q]h oa naceopn]nkj 5.1 okhe_epq`ao* Aj pan_an hqc]n oa q^e_ ah na] ]cn _kh]( _kj 343 lape_ekjao* L]n `]n naolqaop] ] h]o okhe_epq) `ao `a hko lnk`q_pknao _kjp]nkj _kj ah i]ukn lnaoqlqaopk `a h] deopkne]( lqao oa afan_an j qj pk) p]h `a -2-*2 iehhkjao `a laoko( `a hko _q]hao -.,*2 iehhkjao hko ]lknp]n O]c]nl]( u 0- iehhkjao `a laoko lkn l]npa `ah Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k `a ?khei]* Î?kj aopk( oa lnar mqa ah ] k .,-, oan qj ^qaj ] k l]n] ah _]ilk _kheiajoa( lqao ah lnaoqlqaopk ao .-*1 lkn _eajpk i]ukn mqa ah `ah ] k .,,5* Oej ai^]nck( ao ejoq)

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Ú_eajpa ]paj`an ]h _eaj lkn _eajpk `a h] `ai]j`]( mqa ]o_aj`an ] ] qj pkp]h `a 0,5*- iehhkjao `a laokoÏ( ]oacqn * Aj aopa .,-, oa `aopej]n j 0/ iehhkjao `a laoko l]n] eilqho]n h] c]j]`an ]( ieajpn]o mqa aj h] ]cne_qhpqn] oan j ejranpe`ko 0-*1 iehhkjao `a laoko( u aj _q]jpk ] `ao]nnkhhk nqn]h( oa peaja qj lnaoqlqaopk `a -3 iehhkjao `a laoko( ieajpn]o mqa h] lao_] oan ]lku]`k _kj 4 iehhkjao( ah `k^ha mqa hk na_e^e`k aj .,,5* Ah `ahac]`k `a h] O]c]nl] _kj) oe`an mqa ao eilknp]jpa mqa ah na_qnok hhacqa n le`k ] hko ^kh) oehhko `a hko lnk`q_pknao* ÎLkn ahhk( mqanaiko mqa ah na_qnok oa] ejranpe`k ]jpao mqa Új]he) _a ah ] k* Lkn hk p]jpk( aop]iko pn]^]f]j`k l]n] mqa ] lnej_eleko `a i]uk lk`]iko d]_an l ^he) _] h] heop] `a ^ajaÚ_e]neko( u u] _kj aop] _anpav] `ah ]lkuk( hko lnk`q_pknao aop j aj _kj`e_ek) jao `a eje_e]n ejia`e]p]iajpa h] afa_q_e j `a oqo lnkua_pkoÏ( ]oacqn bej]hiajpa O]hr]`kn >a_ann] Nk`n cqav* .&

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ah _pne_]o( ]ena ]_kj`e_ekj]`k( oeopai] `a re`akcn]^]_e j( na`ao `a rkv( ahar]`kn( na]o ran`ao( l]n] _qilhen _kj aopko namqaneieajpko aj h]o o]h]o mqa oa _kjopnquaj aj ?khei] oa ejranpen j ]hna`a`kn `a / iehhkjao `a laoko* = qj] lnacqjp]( Fei jav ?]nnehhk( nabene mqa aj ?khei] bqj_ekj]n j hko fqe_eko kn]hao aj _q]jpk h] Ba`an]_e j n]`emqa na_qnoko l]n] h] _kjopnq__e j `a i o o]h]o( u p]i^e j aj _q]jpk oa ]j]he_a u ]lnqa^a aj ah ?kj) cnaok hk_]h( ah ]jpalnkua_pk `a

? `eck Lnk_ao]h Laj]h mqa qj] _kieoe j `a i]ceopn]`ko u] ah]^kn ( ]`ai o `a h] _]l]_ep]) _e j l]n] pk`k ah lanokj]h mqa h]^kn] aj ah Oqlnaik Pne^qj]h `a Fqope_e]* I]jebaop mqa l]n] h] _kjo) pnq__e j `a o]h]o l]n] fqe_eko kn]hao aj Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( Pa_k) i j u I]jv]jehhk( ja_aoep]n ]j mqa h] Ba`an]_e j ajr a i o `a /, iehhkjao `a laoko( u] mqa h] _kjopnq__e j `a _]`] o]h] pea) ja qj _kopk `a -/ iehhkjao `a laoko* .&

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h `ena_pkn `a Pn]jolknpa `a ck^eanjk `ah aop]`k( =ni]j`k Ckjv hav I]jvk( _kjoe`an lk_k re]^ha mqa oa r]u] ]qpknev]n qj jqark ]qiajpk ] h] p]neb] `a pn]jolknpa( _kik hk aop j le`eaj`k hko _kj_aoekj]neko( oej ai^]nck ]`a) h]jp mqa aj h]o ln tei]o oai]j]o oa naqjen j l]n] pn]p]n ah pai]* Aj aopa oajpe`k( ej`e_ mqa hko _kj_aoekj]neko `a pn]jolknpa l )

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^he_k d]j okhe_ep]`k ]h Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k ]qpkne_a qj ej_naiajpk ] h]o p]neb]o( `a^e`k ] mqa aj hko lneianko _ej_k iaoao `ah ] k( ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h d] ]qiajp]`k aj _q]pnk k_]oekjao ah _kopk `ah hepnk `a h] c]okhej] u `eaoah( hk _q]h nalan_qpa jac]per]iajpa aj h]o Új]jv]o `a hko pn]jolknpeop]o* Ckjv hav I]jvk ]`ah]jp mqa ah ?kjoafk ?kjoqhperk `ah Pn]jolknpa oa naqjen aj hko ln teiko ` ]o l]n] `eo_qpen aopa pai] aj l]npe_qh]n( ajpna kpnko lqjpko( lank `a ]jpa) i]jk _kjoe`an lk_k re]^ha mqa h] lnklqaop] `a hko pn]jolknpeop]o r]u] ] lnkolan]n( `a^e`k ] mqa ah Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k ]qpknev qj ]qiajpk aj h]o p]neb]o l ^he_]o aj oalpeai^na `ah ] k l]o]`k*

ÎOa ]j]hev]n h] lnklqaop] mqa d]c]j hko pn]jolknpeop]o( ranaiko oqo ]ncqiajpko( `eo_qpenaiko _]`] lqjpk( lank p]i^e j pajaiko _h]nk mqa jk lk`aiko aop]n ]qpknev]`k p]neb]o `a pn]jolknpa _kjop]jpa) iajpa( ]o ao mqa aopa lqjpk ]h Új]h oa `a_e`en ]h ejpanekn `ah _kjoafk _kjoqhperk `kj`a ah ck^anj]`kn I]nek =jcqe]jk Iknajk ao ah lnaoe`ajpaÏ( oajpaj_e * @ao`a d]_a r]ne]o oai]j]o( cnqlko `a pn]jolknpeop]o aj h] ajpe`]` d]j ]`ranpe`k mqa na]hev]n ]j `eranoko l]nko l]n] lnkpaop]n lkn ah ]qiajpk ] h] c]okhej] u ah `eaoah( u p]i^e j d]j atece`k ]h Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k mqa ]qpkne_a qj jqark ej_naiajpk `a p]neb]o( `a hk _kj)

pn]nek paj`n j oanek lnk^hai]o bej]j_eanko* Aj oalpeai^na `ah ] k l]o]`k( ah ajpkj_ao ck^anj]`kn Oehranek ?]r]vko ?a^]hhko( ]qpknev mqa h]o p]neb]o `a pn]jolknpa l ^he_k qn^]jk u oq^qn^]jk aj h] ajpe`]` ]qiajp]n]j qj .1 lkn _eajpk _kj) bknia ] h] ejÛ]_e j( ao `a_en mqa aj hko iqje_eleko `a ?khei]( Rehh] `a ãhr]nav u Pa_ki j ah ]qiajpk ]h l]o]fa bqa `a qj laok u aj ah naopk ah ej_naiajpk hhac d]op] hko .*1, laoko* Lkn aopa ikperk ah `ena_pkn `a Pn]jolknpa( =ni]j`k Ckjv hav I]jvk `ao_]np qj jqark ]qiajpk ] h] p]neb]( lank `efk mqa h] lnk) lqaop] oa ]j]hev]n ]h ejpanekn `ah _kjoafk _kjoqhperk* .&

kj h] Új]he`]` `a na_]^]n `ejank l]n] _kiln]n jqar]o qje`]`ao `a pn]jolknpa( ah Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k( aj h] oai]) j] mqa aop lkn _kiajv]n h]jv]n qj] _kjrk_]pkne] l]n] _kiajv]n _kj ah nai]pa `a hko lneianko /4 rad _qhko qo]`ko( oac j hk ejbkni ah oa_nap]nek `a =`iejeopn]_e j T]rean Kh`ai^kqnc ?a^]hhko* Aj aopa oajpe`k( ah bqj_ekj]nek aop]p]h i]jebaop mqa aj aop] lne) ian] ap]l] `a nai]pa `a rad _qhko qo]`ko oa `]n lnabanaj_e] ] hko bqj_ekj]neko aop]p]hao( oej ai^]n) ck i]jebaop mqa aj _]ok `a mqa jejcqjk `a ahhko aop ejpanao]`k aj h] ]`mqeoe_e j `a ao]o qje`]`ao( oa ]^nen h] oq^]op] ]h l ^he_k aj cajan]h* = qj] lnacqjp]( T]rean Kh`) ai^kqnc ?a^]hhko `af ^eaj _h]nk mqa hko rad _qhko mqa jk aop j aj _kj`e_ekjao l]n] qpehev]noa oan j raj`e`ko ] hko hkpao _kjk_e`ko _kik ÎukjgaoÏ( lkn hk mqa `ao_]np mqa oa r]u]j ] kbna_an qje`]`ao mqa jk bqj_ekjaj* @a ]_qan`k _kj h] ejbkni]_e j( ah Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k peaja qj l]nmqa rade_qh]n `a ]lnktei]`]) iajpa ieh 111 qje`]`ao( ah ., lkn _eajpk _knnaolkj`a ] qje`]`ao `a ia`e] re`]( ah /, lkn _eajpk aop aj i]h aop]`k( u ah 1, lkn _eajpk naop]jpa oa aj_qajpn] aj ^qaj]o _kj`e_ekjao* Ah bqj_ekj]nek aop]p]h i]jebao) p mqa aopa nai]pa `a rad _qhko bkni] l]npa `ah lnkcn]i] `a ]qopane`]` mqa h]jv ah ck^an) j]`kn I]nek =jcqe]jk Iknajk ah l]o]`k iao `a jkreai^na7 oa _kjpailh] mqa hko bqj_ekj]neko aop]p]hao qpehe_aj oqo rad _qhko l]npe_qh]nao l]n] `ao]nnkhh]n oq pn]^]fk( ] at_al_e j `a ]mq hhko mqa pajc]j mqa pn]jolknp]noa ] `ebanajpao iqje_eleko `a i]jan] _kjop]jpa* Ah oa_nap]nek `a =`iejeopn]_e j( naÚne mqa aj pkp]h oa nai]p]n j -., rad _qhko `a ck^eanjk `ah aop]`k( lank aj h] lneian] ap]l] je_]iajpa aop]n j kbanp j`koa /47 hko lna_eko `a aopko ]qpkikpk) nao hko `apaniej]n j r]hq]`knao `a h] Lnk_qn]`qn ] `a Fqope_e] `ah aop]`k Îl]n] mqa hko ikjpko `a h] rajp] oa]j hko fqopkoÏ( ]Úni ah bqj_ekj]nek* Aj h]o ln tei]o ap]l]o `ah na) i]pa `a qje`]`ao oa raj`an j -1 l]pnqhh]o `a h] Lkhe_ ] Aop]p]h u `a Lnk_qn]_e j `a fqope_e]( ]o _kik ]hcqj] i]mqej]ne] lao]`]( h] _q]h u] jk ao najp]^ha l]n] ah Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k* .&

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] Fab] `ah @al]np]iajpk `a He_aj_e]o ?kian_e]hao `ah =uqjp]ieajpk `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( L]pne_e] H]qnah Nk`n ) cqav( ]oacqn aj ajpnareop] mqa hko naoe`ajpao `a h] _khkje] Na]h `a Iej]o peajaj qj] _kjbqoe j _kj naola_pk ] h]o ]_qo]_ekjao `a mqa d]u Î_k^n]`knaoÏ `a `e_dk `a) l]np]iajpk iqje_el]h( mqa r]j ] d]_an _k^nko ejfqopeÚ_]`ko ] _k) ian_e]jpao `a aop] _khkje]( mqa ] j jk aop iqje_el]hev]`]* H]qnah ]Úni mqa Îh] cajpa `a Na]h `a Iej]o d] `a aop]n _kjbqj`e) `]( `a^e`k ] mqa hhac]j( oa hao `] qj na_e^k `a _k^nk( u peajaj mqa rajen ] l]c]n ] aopa `al]np]iajpk( lank hk mqa oa hao _k^n] jk ao j]`] ehac]h( oa hao _k^n] ah qok `a oqahk( lknmqa h] i]ukn ] `a hko _kian_e]jpao ej) r]`a ah aol]_ek l ^he_kÏ* @a ecq]h bkni]( ]oacqn mqa aj He_aj_e] ?kian_e]hao jk d]u Î_k) ^n]`knaoÏ( oejk mqa okj ejola_pknao( hko ieoiko mqa raneÚ_]j kpnk pelk `a _qaopekjao aj hko jack_eko `a pk`k ah iqje_elek( u okj mqeajao raneÚ_]j( lkn afailhk( hko dkn]neko `a hko _kian_eko( u mqa jk rekhaj ah nach]iajpk iqje_el]h*

;b Yec[hY_e [d bW Yebed_W [i _hh[]kbWh =Úni mqa p]ilk_k d]u cn]j _]jpe`]` `a _kian_e]jpao aj aop] _khkje]( ao qj] _khkje] mqa jk peaja iq_dko d]^ep]jpao( h] i]ukn ] `a ahhko peajaj lamqa ko jack_eko `a _kie`] `ajpnk `a oqo _]o]o( _kj hk mqa lnapaj`aj k^pajan qj] c]j]j_e] a_kj ie_]* ÎAop] _khkje] b]hp] mqa oa iq) je_el]he_a( ]d uk jk o j]`] ]h naola_pk( o l]c]j lna`e]h( lank b]hp] mqa oa iqje_el]he_a l]n] mqa lqa`]j pajan qj] he_aj_e] _kian_e]h `ah =uqjp]ieajpk `a Rehh] `a ãhr]navÏ( ]oacqn ( lqao ao ah namqeoepk mqa hao b]hp]( l]n] mqa lqa`]j pajan qj] he_aj_e] _kian_e]h* .&

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h ]h_]h`a `a ?kmqei]ph j( Fko Fq]j Ie_dah N]i nav( ejbkni mqa pk`k aop heopk l]n] mqa dku `kiejck oa _h]qoqna h] Bane] `ah Ahkpa u P]i]nej`k `a Lqa^hk Fq nav( aj h] _q]h h] lnaoe) `aj_e] iqje_el]h d] paje`k qj] eilknp]jpa l]npe_el]_e j( oej ejieo_qenoa `ena_p]iajpa aj h] knc]jev]_e j `a aopa arajpk* Ie_dah `efk mqa `ao`a ah i]npao( _q]j`k oa devk h] _knkj]_e j `a h] naej] `ah arajpk( d] d]^e`k `eranoko arajpko _qhpqn]hao( _kik ao ah _]ok `a cnqlko ]np ope_ko `a `ebanajpao iqje_eleko( jk okh]iajpa `a ?k) mqei]ph j( l]n] _kjiaikn]n ah _q]npk ] k aj ah mqa oa _aha^n] aop] bane]* Laoa ] h]o _aha^n]_ekjao( Ie_dah ]oacqn mqa _kik ]uqjp]ieajpk d]j paje`k ah _kjpnkh `a h] rajp] `a ^a^e`]o ]h_kd he_]o( u] mqa jk mqeanaj mqa aopa pelk `a _a) ha^n]_ekjao oa _kjreanp]j aj qj _kjÛe_pk ok_e]h( k ]hcqj] at_qo] l]n] mqa oa d]c]j lnk^hai]o `a j`kha ok_e]h*

=oacqn mqa hk lnej_el]h ao mqa oa lnkik_ekja p]jpk ah ahk) pa _kik ah p]i]nej`k( u] mqa ah ahkpa `a ?kmqei]ph j ao qjk `a hko `a iafkn _]he`]` aj ah l] o( u aj _q]jpk ]h p]i]nej`k( oa peaja ah _kjk_eieajpk `a mqa ao ah iafkn mqa oa lnk`q_a ] jerah j]_ekj]h( aola_e]hiajpa aj aopa lk^h]`k( ah `a Lqa^hk Fq nav* Ie_dah ]cnac mqa ah _qhperk `ah p]i]nej`k oa _kjranpen aj qj] bknp]hav] `a `e_dk iqje_elek( oac j hk `e_dk aj ah bknk aj mqa oa _kjiaikn]nkj hko -1 ] ko `a ejraopec]_e j `ah p]i]nej`k( Î]d oa `efankj r]ne]o _ko]o ejpanao]j) pao( _kik mqa ?kmqei]ph j ao ah hqc]n ej`e_]`k aj ah aop]`k l]n] lnk`q_en p]i]nej`k( lkn oq _hei]( oq peann]( oq ]hpepq`( hk `e_aj r]ne]o ejopepq_ekjao( _kik h] Bqj`]_e j Lnk`q_aÏ( `efk ah ]h_]h`a* Aj kpnk pajkn( Ie_dah ]cn]`a_e ] hko i o `a /. ieh pqneop]o mqa ]_q) `eankj ]h iqje_elek `a ?kmqei]ph j `qn]jpa h] oai]j] o]jp]( u] mqa bqankj ., ieh hko mqa reoep]nkj hko ^]hja]neko( u -. ieh hko mqa bqankj ] kpnko na_ejpko* .&

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ejpanao] ok^na I te_k6 ¼Pk`]r ] rera ah ]_pkn mqa d]_ ] Ah ?d]rk `ah K_dk; K ^eaj6 ¼Mq ao hk mqa oa ha `a^a lkjan ] qj p]_k; K p]h rav6 ¼Lkn mq _kiaj p]jpk le_]jpa hko iate_]jko; ?kik oa lqa`a ]lna_e]n lkn h]o lnacqjp]o mqa bkniqh]j( hko ]ncajpejko peajaj qj ]hpk u cajqejk ejpan o lkn jqaopn] _qhpqn]( p]jpk _kik ah mqa paj`n ]j lkn hko aomqei]hao* l]na_a mqa ]_ ao iafkn jk aop]n _an_] `a kpnk iate_]jk* Aoa `eop]j_e]ieajpk _en_qjo) p]j_e]h ia d] laniepe`k oan qj lk_k i o ej_hquajpa* Aj ah _]ilqo qjeranoep]nek mqa bna_qajpk( qj l]n `a lanek`eop]o _khki^e]jko `a_e`eankj ]`klp]nia _kik oq _kil]pnekp]* μMq l]o lqao l]n_ank;( qopa` iafkn `a^an ]

fqjp]noa _kj hko _khki^e]jkoÏ( ia `efk qjk `a ahhko( l]n] hqack `]nia qj] h]nc] atlhe) _]_e j `ah lknmq ?khki^e] u I te_k aop j bqanpaiajpa dani]j]`ko* =_pk oacqe`k( oej `a_en ]cq] r]( ailav ] _]jp]n qj] _]j_e j `a Re_ajpa Banj j`av( lank ] nepik `a r]) hhaj]pk* =o mqa jk pqra i o naia`ek mqa ]oqien h] dani]j`]` i oe_k)j]_ekj]heop]* U jk d] naoqhp]`k p]j i]hk( ]qjmqa `ao`a ajpkj_ao aj h] _]bapan ] `ah _]ilqo oqahaj nabanenoa ] jkokpnko _kik ah ? npah `a ? npahao* Aop] _kj`e_e j `a >qajko =enao l]n] na_e^en u ]`klp]n ] _eq`]`]jko `a pk`k ah iqj`k paniej] lkn `ao) aj_]`aj]n oepq]_ekjao ]^oqn`]o* Ok^na pk`k lkn mqeajao reajaj ]mq ] ]lnaj`an ah e`eki]* Aj h] _]o] `kj`a ia ejop]h p]i^e j reraj qj] ejchao] u qj aop]`kqje`ajoa* U ] lao]n `a pajan ah ejch o _kik hajcq] i]panj]( _q]j`k `eo_qpaj lnabeanaj d]_anhk aj hk mqa ahhko _naaj mqa ao aol] kh* Aok o ( naolap]j`k qj i]n_]`k ]_ajpk ]ncajpejk mqa hao d]_a `a_en _ko]o ejejpahece^hao* ?kik oa]( hko atpn]jfanko oeailna oa h]o ejcaje]j l]n] `]noa ] ajpaj`an* ?kj oa ]o( caope_qh]_ekjao u kjki]) pklau]o* @ah kpnk h]`k aop j hko ]ncajpejko mqa( lkn d]_an qok `a hk_]heoiko( jk hkcn]j d]_anoa ajpaj`an je _kj hko lnkleko h]pejk]iane_]jko* Qj lanq]) jk _kjp]^] mqa aj oq lneian ` ] aj >qajko =enao ajpn ] qj] b]ni]_e] ] lnacqjp]n ok^na h] q^e_]_e j `a qj] _]hha* ?q]j`k h] _de_] `ah ikopn]`kn ao_q_d h] lnacqjp] lqok _]n] `a ]oqop]`]( ]^ne ajkniaiajpa hko kfko u `efk aj rkv ]hp]6 νU*** ia i]p]opa Ï =h ao_q_d]n h] bn]oa( ah lanq]jk o hk ]pej ] kbna_an oajpe`]o `eo_qhl]o u oa ]haf hk i o n le`k lkoe^ha( _kjbqj`e`k* L]o]`k ah peailk( _q]hmqean] oa ]`]lp] p]j ^eaj ] hko ]ncajpejeoiko mqa( ej_hqok( _]a aj h] pajp]_e j `a ]`klp]n atlnaoekjao u ]_ajpko iqu hk_]hao* @a lnkjpk( d]op] hko _]j]`eajoao u hko bn]j_aoao paniej]j d]^h]j`k _kik I]n]`kj]* U ao ]o _kik hko atpn]jfa) nko `af]j `a oan( l]n] hko ^kj]anajoao( aoko atpn] ko oeil pe_ko mqa d]^h]j aol] kh `a bkni] ]pnklahh]`] l]n] _kjranpenoa aj pelko `apaop]^hao( pnq_dko u ]pknn]jpao6 νUÅ ien ( rko oko _]oe _]oe qj lahkpq`k ad Ï* .&

aopa lqjpk oeailna `a^aiko rkhran ] _kjoe) `an]n mqa( _q]j`k lnkolan]iko `a i]jan] _na_eajpa( `a jejc j ik`k jko rqahra i o bahe_ao* ¼Aj ` j`a oa q^e_] jqaopnk lnk^hai] `ah peailk; ¼Hk qpehev]iko i]h( k( paja) iko qj] e`a] `eopknoekj]`] `a hk mqa ao ah peailk; Lknmqa mqanaiko hkcn]n _]`] rav i o _ko]o aj pk`ko hko i^epko( u _naaiko mqa hko ]qpko _]`] rav i o rahk_ao( mqa h]o _kilqp]`kn]o i o n le`]o( ap_*( mqa h] ]_ahan]_e j okhq_ekj]n jqaopnko lnk^hai]o* U( ] lao]n `a mqa lk`aiko naokhran iq_d]o _ko]o aj qj peailk _]`] rav iajkn( jk pajaiko h] ei) lnaoe j `a d]^an c]j]`k peailk7 lkn ah _kjpn]nek( _]`] rav ja_aoep]iko i o* Oajpeiko lneo] u ]cep]_e j* ¼Oan ]_]ok mqa h] naolqaop] jk oa aj_qajpn] aj ah oeailna i o n le`k je aj ah oeailna i o ( oejk aj qj] `eiajoe j i o aolenepq]h( aj jqaopn] kneajp]_e j _kj naola_pk ] hko r]hknao;

Hk eilknp]jpa ao _]an aj h] _qajp] _ ik jqaopnko lnk^hai]o `a peailk oa naoqahraj l]npeaj`k `a qj] _kj_eaj_e] aolenepq]h( `a qj] ]_pepq` aolenepq]h `ebanajpa( mqa ^qomqa ah `ao]nnkhhk aolenepq]h u ]j ie_k( ]jpao mqa ah _kjoacqen jqarko hkcnko* H] o]^e`qn ] ]jpecq] jko iqaopn] _ ik aj_kjpn]n hk bqj`]iajp]h `a jqaopn] re`] u _ ik aj_kjpn]n h] pn]jmqe) he`]` u oanaje`]` mqa pk`ko ]joe]iko* P]i) ^e j jko iqaopn] _ ik ]j`]n jqaopnk lnklek _]iejk eilneie j`kha qj] i]n_] lanokj]h ] lao]n `a h]o pqn^qhaj_e]o u _kjpn]`e__ekjao `a h] re`]* Jk oa pn]p] `a qj] `abeje_e j _eajp be_] `ah peailk( oejk ^qo_]n _]iejko l]n] h] re`] _kpe`e]j] mqa jko laniep]j ]`a_q]njko _kj ah peailk u hkcn]n qj] ^qaj] nah]_e j _kj ah peailk `a jqaopn] re`]* Jk o hk `a l]j rera ah dki^na ( `e_a h] >e^he]7 aopk oecjebe_] mqa ah dki^na( ]`ai o `a l]j( ja_aoep] l]n] oq re`] `a kpnko r]hknao )r]hknao aolene) pq]hao) u `ao`a ]hh naejpanlnap]n ah peailk* .&

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Z[ bWi YkWjhe Z YWZWi ;i _d`kije jecWh bW \[Y^W Z[b '& Z[ WXh_b Z[ '/-& Yece bW Z[ bW i[fWhWY_ d eÅ Y_Wb Z[ bei 8[Wjb[i$ ;i[ Z W FWkb CY9Whjd[o WdkdY_ ik h[j_he" f[he Wdj[h_ehc[dj[ bWi h[dkdY_Wi Z[ bei ejhei jh[i c_[cXhei Z[b ]hkfe [ijkl_[hed ieXh[ bW c[iW d]j ^qo_]`k h]o n]vkjao `a h] nqlpqn] mqa oa d] ]p]_]`k `ao`a r]neko bnajpao* Mqev o ah ^ oe_k oa] ah `aoc]opa j]pqn]h mqa oqbneankj _q]pnk ]iecko lqaopko ] _kjre) ren `a _an_] `qn]jpa qj] ` _]`]* Kpnk `emqa lqa`a oan ah `a h]o `a_al_ekjao oqbne`]o aj h]o ^ o) mqa`]o mqa ailnaj`eankj bqan] `a h] i oe_]( aj hko rane_qapko `a h]o `nkc]o k h] ia`ep]_e j aj h] mqa oqlqaop]iajpa d]hh]n ]j h]o naolqaop]o ] oq _neol]_e j u _]jo]j_ek* @qn]jpa h] lneian] ap]l] `a oqo ]j`]jv]o _kj ah I]d]neode( aj C]hao( Hko >a]phao na_e^eankj h] jkpe_e] `a h] iqanpa `a mqeaj bqan] oq i j]can( >ne]j Alopaej( da_dk mqa Hajjkj _]heÚ _ 6 ÎJko oal]n]iko ]d 7 o] bqa h] `ao) ejpacn]_e jÏ* Ah i j]can an] p]i^e j ah _ana^nk Ú j]j_eank `a h] ^]j`] u _kj oq iqanpa h] ailnao] =llha ?knlo( mqa h ]uq` ] anecen( ejcnao]n ] aj qj] ap]l] `a _]ko aj h] mqa d]^ ] i o c]opko mqa c]j]j_e]o( laoa ] hko iehhkj]neko ejcnaoko* ?na]n h] ailnao] bqa ]hck cn]j`a( lank j]`ea paj ] e`a] `a _ ik i]) jaf]nh] u an] i o hk mqa paj ]j mqa ]lnaj`an mqa ]lknp]n* L]qh

lnapaj`e pki]n _kjpnkh u Fkdj oa aj_ah * = h] `eop]j_e]( ah `a hko jack_eko b]hhe`ko ao qj pai] _ajpn]h _q]j`k oa d]^h] `ah Ú j `a h] ^]j`] i o cn]j`a mqa f]i o ateope * Lnapaj`eankj _kjranpen) h] aj qj] _]o] lnk`q_pkn]( lank o hk _kjoecqeankj o]_]n ]npeop]o ia`e]jko( _kik I]nu Dklgejo u >]`Ú jcan* ÎHk je_k mqa jko o]h ] ^eaj( aj hk mqa n]iko ate) pkok( an] aj cn]^]n _]j_ekjao( aj oan >a]phaoÏ( lqjpq]hev] Caknca ] lnkl oepk `a hko ^eojao ejpa) nnqlpqo* P]i^e j ]^neankj qj] peaj`] =llha `kj`a oa raj` ] nkl]( i oe_]( ej_eajok( lank mqa `qn lk_k peilk aj bqj_ekjao* H] jk_da `a h] _h]qoqn] `a_e`eankj nac]h]n pk`k ]h l ^he_k* L]n] @anag P]uhkn( ah lknp]rkv `a =llha( ah _eanna `a h] peaj`] bqa ah eje_ek `ah `aoiknkj]ieajpk u oa hko devk o]^an( lank j]`ea ]_q`e ]h hh]i]`k* =dkn] oa o]^a mqa oq ]lknp]) _e j ]h ran]jk `ah ]ikn _kj Î=hh ukq jaa` eo hkraÏ( ao] ]hacn ] mqa pn]joiep ]j aj ah re`ak cn]^]) `k at lnkbaok( u pn]joiepe`k r ] o]p hepa ] pk`k ah iqj`k( bqa ah lej _qhk lnarek ] h] _] `]* ÎPk`k e^] ^eaj d]op] mqa ah _e_hk oa _ki)

lhap u h]o _ko]o _kiajv]nkj ] en i]hÏ( ]ncqiajp D]nneokj* L]qh ]_alp ajpkj_ao mqa Îh]o oaoek) jao _kiajv]nkj ] oan pajo]oÏ u Nejck na_qan`] mqa ] l]npen `a ajpkj_ao Îbqa _kik qj] iqanpa hajp]( _kik ah lnk_aok mqa hhar] ]h `erkn_ek7 hko iaoao k hko ] ko `a ieoane]Ï* ?q]j`k Fkdj Hajjkj ]jqj_e ] =hh]j Ghaej _kik oq i j]can u _]j`e`]pk l]n] `enecen =llha( ajbnajp]j`k ] I_?]npjau( mqeaj oqcan ] mqa ah lqaopk bqan] `]`k ] oq oqacnk( Haa A]opi]j( bqa ah _]il]j]vk `ah hpeik nkqj`* =qjmqa Caknca u Nejck bqankj lkn h] kl_e j `a Hajjkj( L]qh u] paj ] heopk ah h]jv]ieajpk `a oq lneian `eo_k okheop] u ah ]jqj_ek `a mqa najqj_e]^] ]h cnqlk* Oq caje]he`]` ] j hao ]h_]jv l]n] cn]^]n =^^au Nk]`( ^]fk h] _kj`q__e j `a Caknca I]npej( hpei] ap]l] bahev `ah _q]npa) pk u aj h] mqa pk`ko o]^ ]j ah `aoajh]_a* Î?q]j`k ]_]^]iko =^^au Nk]` pk`ko o]^ ]iko mqa an] ah Ú j]hÏ( Ú j]hev] Caknca* Hk `ah ]jqj_ek `a h] najqj_e] `a I_?]npjau qj -, `a ]^neh `a -53, bqa qj iank bkni]heoik( `eck Fkdj( k oa] uk* .D

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